Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
intro
step 1
step 2
step 3
step 4
step 5
step 6
step 7
step 8
step 9
step 10
step 11
step 12
step 13
step 14
step 15
step 16
step 17
step 18
step 19
step 20
step 21
step 22
FAVORITE FLAG
See also: Schematic Entry Creating Library parts Design rule modification Send CAD Files to manufacturers
debug... i
VIA create a hole and pad associated with some signal. (actually, we'll use a text command.) HOLE a hole that isn't associated with a signal, ie for mounting. RATSNEST recomputes airwires and polygons, eg after components have been moved. CHANGE changes an object's properties. RIPUP changes a routed trace back to an airwire. Sorta equivilent to "delete" for traces. TEXT add text POLYGON create a polygon (actually, we'll use a text command.) AUTOROUTE invoke the autorouter. DRC invoke the Design Rule Check and parameter setting. I'll describe the remaining icons toward the end, and assign them "useful" or "useless."
debug... i
debug... i
debug... i
debug... i
debug... i
debug... i
debug... i
debug... i
editor in general: 0.05 inches (1.27mm, since I have my editor set up in metric.) Since this particular board has big parts, and we haven't moved any off the default grid, we're ok with that value. If you have SMT components or have moved things around on a finer grid, you might have pads that are not on the touing grid, which the autorouter doesn't like much ("unreachable pad", etc) You can make the grid very small, but it will take longer. IMO, it's better to start with a coarse grid and halve it each time it looks like routes fail because the grid is too large. Also note that the autorouter obeys the board dimension lines, so if you haven't moved them close to your components, you might have traces travel all over the board. Or if you've moved the outline too close to the pads, you may have prevented traces from going places they need to go.
debug... i
Select the ROUTE tool and click on an endpoint of an unrouted (yellow) airwire, and you can position a trace pretty much anywhere you want, selecting width, layer, and type of bend from the menu bar as you go along. This is shown in the succession of pictures in this step.
debug... i
1) Use less etchant 2) carries heavier current, just in case 3) makes it easier to attach test leads 4) acts as a sort of "static barrier" to fingers In EAGLE. such large signal areas are drawn with the "polygon" command. There is an icon on the toolbar for drawing polygons, but it will create polygons associated with a new signal, and I find that when creating a polygon for an existing signal, it's easier to type the text form of the command in the text command area. To create a polygon attached to a signal named 'gnd', type "poly gnd" By giving it a signal name in the command, the polygon will automatcailly be connected to that signal. (If you draw a polygon with the icon, you can connect it to a signal later by using the "name" command to rename the polygon. (however, after this, you can't rename the polygone again without renaming the signal as well.))
debug... i
debug... i
If we want the names of components to be legible on the top of the board (transferred via toner transfer), or just to look good on printouts, they names and values probably have to be moved from their default locations. In order to move the text separately from the device itself, we use the "SMASH" command. (Why is it called "smash" ? I dunno!) Select the SMASH icon from the menu, then click each component whose text you want to move. If this is ALL of the components, there's a ULP that will smash everything (but ULPs are a subject for possible future instructables. Or the EAGLE manuals.)
debug... i
debug... i
drill size and via shape, and plunk the via down in the appropriate supply polygon. I like to use two vias as a sort of strain relief (one is made larger so you can feed wire + insulation through it, the other is sized for just the wire.) A click on the RATSNEST icon will make sure the vias are connected to the polygon. Then do the same for the V+ signal (named N$1, you recall.)
debug... i
debug... i
debug... i
debug... i
POLYGON more useful from the text command area. SIGNAL Create a signal. Usually done in the schematic
83 comments
Add Comment
1-50 of 83 Apr 7, 2009. 12:32 PMjoeuhlik says: Why does Eagle want to draw the polygon as line segments rather than as a rectangle as you show? REPLY [flag]
Apr 7, 2009. 5:06 PMwestfw(author) says: It'll draw the outline as per the current settings for line-bending and etc as specified for "wires"; to get a rectangle, I usually set the line bend to right angles and draw two "L" shapes. REPLY [flag]
Apr 4, 2009. 1:25 AMwestfw(author) says: Huh. Somehow some of the pictures got disconnected from where they were supposed to be. This should now be fixed! REPLY [flag]
dean says:
When I try and draw a polygon, it's never filled in. When I finish the polygon it just makes a rectangle made of dotted lines. REPLY [flag]
Mar 6, 2009. 12:14 AMwestfw(author) says: Assuming the polygon is attached to the appropriate signal (it should contain a pad, smd, or via connected to the signal within its borders), it will fill in when you issue a "ratsnest" command. REPLY [flag]
dean says:
Jan 1, 2009. 11:11 AMRedBinary says: Nice! Just letting you know that I really appreciate you going through the time && trouble to lay out the basics in all of your Eagle instructables. Really shortens the learning curve for me, speeding up the process! +5.0 && faved! REPLY [flag]
Dec 25, 2008. 10:01 PMNawaz says: yo,nice instructable...well illustrated.Thanks for sharing...But i have a question.Do you know how to print a bunch of tiled PCB on toner transfer?That is printing many of the same circuit on the same paper...Thanks REPLY [flag]
Dec 26, 2008. 6:26 PMwestfw(author) says: Not really. You can copy and paste the whole eagle PCB layout into a new .BRD file, up to the limits of your license (good for really small boards.) You can export images, postscript, or gerbers and manipulate them with an external graphic utility (although I'm not familiar with any freeware that does automatic tiling.) None of these is very convenient. REPLY [flag]
Dec 30, 2008. 12:03 AMNawaz says: Thanks for your quick reply and sorry for my late reply....Once more,nice instructable...keep it up. ;) REPLY [flag]
Nov 3, 2008. 6:33 AMhudxisme says: Do you mind to tell me how do you usually mirror the PCB board layout? Normally what im practicing is that i will print the PCB layout in pdf format then from there use whatever program to flip horizontally before trace them on the PCB board. So how's your opinion? REPLY [flag]
Nov 4, 2008. 8:01 AMwestfw(author) says: There is a "mirror" button in the print dialog. Although usually for a board with traces on the bottom, you don't WANT "mirror", because the printout is already mirrored by virtue of being viewed from the top, and/or from being flipped over for "iron-on" type application... (OTOH, I think printing to PDF or postscript and then using a high-quality PDF or Postscript printing utility may have other advantages, so I wouldn't say that the way you're doing things now is wrong...) REPLY [flag]
Nov 4, 2008. 9:10 AMhudxisme says: You are really helpful. i found that mirror button. Thanks very much. REPLY [flag]
Sep 17, 2008. 1:16 AMthermoelectric says: How would I turn this to a board? Its already routed(is that the right word) but I dont know how to change it to the file to toner transfer?
usbtinyisp v2.0.brd73 KB
REPLY [flag]
Sep 17, 2008. 7:47 AMwestfw(author) says: It's not an ideal design for a first effort at toner transfer; it has relatively fine traces that go between pins, it's double sided requiring plated through holes in places where it'd be difficult to solder on both sides of the board, and etc... The easiest way to convert to a board is to take $8.05 in the mail to AdaFruit and wait a couple of days. (Better yet, make in 12.22 and get the pre-programmed microcontroller needed by the project as well.) (I don't think people realize in general what a great service it is to be able to buy reasonably priced premade PCBs for projects like this...) I was planning on a future instructable covering the various ways to output PCB designs into the "real world", but it isn't moving very quickly :-( REPLY [flag]
Sep 17, 2008. 1:50 PMthermoelectric says: How would you get plated through holes? REPLY [flag]
Sep 17, 2008. 5:31 PMwestfw(author) says: In general, you don't. When designed a PCB for hobbyist fabrication, you can add extra Vias that let you make the top-to-bottom connections, instead of "assuming" that each component hole makes that connection. The board in this instructable is sort-of an example. If it were a two-layer professionally made board, the trace from Q1 to the top lamp would go over the top layer directly from pin to pin, instead of having the two extra vias. For a board like the usbtinyisp, there isn't a lot of room to add those extra vias without "streching" the board in a couple of directions... REPLY [flag]
Sep 17, 2008. 10:17 PMthermoelectric says: So I should just buy the board, Thanks for the quick-reply REPLY [flag]
Sep 17, 2008. 11:59 PMwestfw (author) says: yeah, I think so. I did some playing with the board to see if I could make a larger but single-sided version, and it didn't go very well :-( That's an advantage of the whole open-source hardware thing; not only can you download the PCB design, but it's in a form that can be "easily" modified... But in this case, it didn't help much. REPLY [flag]
Sep 18, 2008. 12:13 AMthermoelectric says: BTW, Can u post the board u came up with? REPLY [flag]
Sep 18, 2008. 12:13 AMthermoelectric says: So I couldn't modify the PCB to be bigger? REPLY
[flag]
Sep 18, 2008. 2:22 AMwestfw(author) says: Of course you could; but when I do something like that I normally hope that it will result in a significantly simpler layout. It doesn't look like that would be the case with this one... REPLY [flag]
Sep 18, 2008. 3:13 AMthermoelectric says: Darn, So just buying a board and just soldering some insulated wire to the chip (it's in a different package)to connect it to the board? REPLY [flag]
Sep 18, 2008. 8:01 PMwestfw(author) says: I'm not sure I understand. Did you look at the earlier version of usbisp (V 1.0)? That's a simpler board, not having the 74125 (which has a particularly obnoxious pinout, PCB-wise), and the comments specifically mentioned being able to build it with wires for the "top" traces (there are only 5.) REPLY [flag]
Sep 18, 2008. 9:27 PMthermoelectric says: Yea, But I would rather just buy a board of the v2.0 i think :-( REPLY [flag]
Jul 17, 2008. 8:29 PMLeroy says: Step 16: I didn't know you could have components lying partly outside the big white rectangle. I'm glad you showed me this. REPLY [flag]
Jul 18, 2008. 3:26 AMwestfw(author) says: You can even have parts of components, and even traces, outside the "limited area" of the freeware/etc version, as long as all the actual PADs and SMDs are inside the allowed area.
REPLY [flag]
Jul 17, 2008. 8:21 PMLeroy says: Step 12 clued me in on how to make a jumper for an unroutable trace! THANK YOU! I take it if I need to use a jumper on the component side of the board, I should just click the VIA button on board-layout to make a via, right? REPLY [flag]
Jul 2, 2008. 4:53 PMGeorge888 says: I have problem in Copper Pouring. How to use the function? So far I can pour copper on the PCB but the copper does not connect to ground pads. REPLY [flag]
Jul 4, 2008. 8:18 AMGeorge888 says: Thanks Westfw for your help. let me try... REPLY [flag]
Jul 2, 2008. 6:05 PMwestfw(author) says: You have to give the polygon you drew as the pour the same name as the signal you want it to connect to (GND, VSS, etc.) This is easiest if you create it with a name in the CLI window instead of via the GUI: "poly gnd" REPLY [flag]
Jun 26, 2008. 3:41 AMJ50Nunlimited says: very nice instructable =] i encountered 2 problems: when i use autoroute then route, the track thickness are extremely different. does anyone know how to make a 45 degrees angle track? thanks. REPLY [flag]
Jun 26, 2008. 1:48 PMwestfw(author) says: WRT autoroute, see the other instructable on Design Rules Different automatic "corner types" when routing are accessible via the right mouse button, or the menu near the top of the drawing area. REPLY [flag]
Jun 26, 2008. 5:18 PMJ50Nunlimited says: i still cant get the track size of route and autoroute to the same size. autoroute appears to be thicker. any ideas? thanks REPLY [flag]
Jun 9, 2008. 2:29 AMSnaptastic says: I drew my schematic, made a layout then realised I needed to go back and add more stuff. This made the schematic and the board layout become unsynchronised. I SOMEHOW got it to automatically add the new schematic parts to the board, but now I can't remember how to do it. Any ideas? REPLY [flag]
Jun 9, 2008. 8:16 AMwestfw(author) says: To have parts added automatically to the BRD file when you add them to the schematic, you MUST have both the board and schematic editors "open" at the time you do the additions (this is generally a good idea ALL the time.) To recover, it may be easier to revert the schematic using one of the automatically-created backup files (foo.s#1, etc) and doing the component adds again. REPLY [flag]
Jun 9, 2008. 12:26 PMSnaptastic says: Great, works perfectly. I had been doing the opposite a lot of the time. Closing one to work with the other. Thanks! REPLY [flag]
Apr 22, 2008. 5:32 PMpraetorious says: Thats a good question. When i finish designing the board and want to print it for the toner transfer method (printing to pdf) do i have to select the mirror option in the print dialog box to reverse the image before i transfer fer it to a copper clad board?
REPLY [flag]
Apr 22, 2008. 8:24 PMwestfw(author) says: I think you print normally, and then it's reversed appropriately when you turn it upside down to iron on the PCB. A trick is to put some text on the copper layer, which will be generated reversed, and should look normal after the toner has been transferred, (and after etching.) Some commercial PCB manufacturers want to you to put some text on both layers so they can be sure which way is which as well. REPLY [flag]
Mar 3, 2008. 4:27 AMJ50Nunlimited says: how do you actually export an "actual image" of the board, say, for the toner transfer method? there can't be schematic symbols and stuffs. thanks REPLY [flag]
Mar 18, 2008. 7:52 AMSpokehedz says: You turn off all layers, except which layers you want to have the toner for. Also, make sure to mirror the layers so that the toner transfers the right way. Good job on the Instructable! this is going to help me out a lot. REPLY [flag]
Feb 11, 2008. 7:48 PMabbtech says: Have you done a tutorial that demonstrates how to get an image or logo onto either a copper layer or a silk screen layer? REPLY [flag]
Feb 11, 2008. 9:12 PMwestfw(author) says: No, or not yet anywhere. There is a ULP "import-bmp.ulp" that will import a BMP format graphics image, and I've used it successfully, but it was a little obscure. REPLY [flag]
Feb 10, 2008. 4:44 AMJ50Nunlimited says: Awesome instructable! easy to understand! thanks alot westfw! i am making an AVR ISP board right now! this is what my board looks right now..what do ya'll think? are the placements good? thanks
REPLY [flag]
Feb 10, 2008. 3:03 PMwestfw(author) says: I think you'll make the routing considerably easier if you increase the separation between the connector and the main electronic components. REPLY [flag]
Feb 11, 2008. 3:56 AMJ50Nunlimited says: yeah you're right. too bad eagle's demo ver. gives limited board size i just got KiCAD and i think its really hard to use. i dont even know how to get the right packages and convert the schematic to the board! thanks REPLY [flag]
Feb 3, 2008. 5:32 PMboj says: Great Instructable, like the schematics editor. Thanks a lot! REPLY [flag]
Dec 15, 2007. 4:40 AMreSpawn says: Thanks a lot ! REPLY [flag]
Nov 9, 2007. 1:08 PMzachninme says: Thanks -- I'm using these instructables right now! So much easier than trial & error :P REPLY [flag]
Jul 4, 2007. 9:04 PMjosheeg says: I get ABORT :Unkown objectType when I delete the board made by USB Bit Wacker v4 and try to re-do the board layout from schematic. It seems to work when I remove some of the headers. Maby their the problem... Also when I auto-route it they seem to be on slightly different grids the board starts slightly off grid. Their board plus parts any way to fix this? REPLY [flag]