UNIT-3 PROJECTION OF SOLIDS 1.

A Square pyramid of base 30mm and height 60mm is suspended by means of a string from one of its base corner with its axis parallel to VP. Draw its projections. Hint: First draw a simple diagram that shows the two triangular faces or base edges are equally inclined to VP. i.e... Its base is on the HP. Mark a point g for centre of gravity of square pyramid i.e. 60/4=15, then join that point g and one of the base corner a in front view. Now your simple diagram is over. Next redraw that front view as hanging on that base corner a, here that centre of gravity point to that base corner g a line should be perpendicular to XY line. So apex should not touch the XY line. Draw the corresponding Top view of that elevation by projection lines. 2. Draw the projection of a hexagonal prism whose one rectangular faces size is 25mm x 65mm resting on HP on one of its base corners. Such that the other extreme corner is 30mm above HP with the axis parallel to VP. Hint: draw a hexagonal prism of side 25mm and axis 65mm long, it rests on HP on one of its base corners. Draw a simple diagram with two base edges are parallel to VP. Next redraw that front view with one base corner on HP. Then the other (top) corner in that edge is 30mm above HP, take distance 30mm above HP and maark that point. Now the axis is parallel to VP and inclined to HP. Draw the plan (top view) with the projection lines. 3. An equilateral triangular prism 20mm side of base and 50mm long rests with one of its shorter edges on HP such that the rectangular face containing the edge on which the prism rests is inclined at 30 degree to HP. The shorter edge resting on HP is perpendicular to VP. Hint: draw a simple diagram with one base edge is perpendicular to VP (in your right side), i.e., its base is rest on HP. Next redraw that front (elevation) view, with that edge on the base same time its rectangular face is inclined at 30 degree to HP, (dont take the axis at 30 degree inclined to HP even though it is same) Draw its top view (plan) by projection lines. 4. A square prism of base side 35mm and axis length 60mm lies on the HP on one of its longer edge with its faces equally inclined to the HP. Draw its projections when its axis is inclined at 30 degree to VP. Hint: draw the simple diagram that its longer edge is rest on HP and its rectangular faces equally inclined to HP, i.e., its axis is perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP. Next redraw the plan (top view) that its axis is inclined at 30 degree to VP. Draw its projections.

5. A pentagonal pyramid of base of side 30mm and axis 65mm has one of its slant faces on VP and the edge of the base contained by that face is inclined at 45 degree to HP. Draw its projections. Hint: draw the simple position that one slant face is on the VP, i.e., the axis is perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP, but think that its face is only on VP, and its base is above HP not in HP. Next redraw the front view, now the edge of the base contained face in VP is inclined at 45 degree to HP. Draw the top view (plan) by projection lines. 6. A pentagonal prism side of base 30mm and altitude 60mm is resting on one of the corners of its base on the HP. The longer edge containing that corner is inclined at an angle of 45 degree to the HP and the vertical plane containing that edge and the axis are inclined at an angle of 30 degree to the VP. Draw the projections. Hint: draw the simple position that one of the base edges (left side) is perpendicular to VP, and in right side you will get only one corner. Next redraw the front view (elevation) i.e, its longer edge containing that corner is inclined at 45 degree to HP. draw its top view. Find apparent inclination, because here that edge inclined to both planes. (It is good to draw with apparent inclination, if they not asked also, for the only case for both inclined) For example you are getting apparent inclination = 37 degree. Find the real value of . Now redraw the top view (plan) its axis inclined at (apparent angle) degree to VP, automatically you can see that longer edge and axis is in same line, i.e., the meaning the vertical plane containing that edge and the axis are inclined at an angle. Draw its front view (elevation). 7. A cone 40 mm bases and axis 50mm long touch the VP on a point of its base circle. The axis is inclined at 30 degree to VP and the front view of the axis is inclined 45 degree to HP. Draw its projections. Hint: draw the simple position that the axis of the cone is perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP. Next redraw the top view (plan), its axis is inclined at 30 degree to VP. Draw its front view (elevation). Now redraw the front view (elevation), its axis is inclined at 45 degree to HP. draw its top view (plan). 8. A square of 60mm side represents the elevation of a cylinder standing on its base. It is tilted until its axis makes 60 degree with HP and 20 degree with VP. Draw the elevation of the cylinder. Hint: draw the simple position that cylinder base is on the HP, that means the diameter of the cylinder and axis of the cylinder is 60mm. i.e., both are 60mm. Next redraw the (elevation) front view, its axis inclined at 60 degree to HP. draw its top view. Find the apparent inclination . Now redraw the top view (plan), inclined at (with apparent inclination) degree to VP. Draw its front view (elevation).

9. A square prism side of base 30mm and axis 50mm long has its axis inclined at 60 degree to HP. It has an edge of its base in the HP and inclined at 45 degree to VP. Draw its projections. Hint: draw simple position that base edge is parallel to VP, because by the next step we need that edge should be in base. Next redraw the front view (elevation), its axis inclined at 60degree to HP. draw its top view (plan). Now see that edge in the base that is present in the top view as hidden line. So now consider only that edge in the plan, dont consider the axis. Here redraw that above plan with that edge is inclined at 45 degree to VP. Draw its elevation. 10. Draw the projection of a square prism of size 25mm x 50mm with a solid diagonal vertical. Hint: draw a square prism that rests on a base edge on HP, so now the diagonal of the square prism is vertical. That means axis of the square prism is inclined to HP and parallel to VP. Draw its projections.

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