INTRODUCTION

Reinforced concrete uses extra materials like steel bars, wooden beams or fibers, along with a wire frame to help mold the concrete. The reinforcement interacts with the concrete, strengthening it and providing enough support to build bridges and skyscrapers. The concrete provides shielding for the steel so it doesn't corrode as quickly, and together they are a common component in modern construction. Concrete is reinforced to give it extra tensile strength; without reinforcement, many concrete buildings would not have been possible.Reinforced concrete can encompass many types of structures and components, including slabs, walls, beams, columns, foundations, frames and more.Reinforced concrete can be classified as precast or cast in-situ concrete.Much of the focus on reinforcing concrete is placed on floor systems. Designing and implementing the most efficient floor system is key to creating optimal building structures. Small changes in the design of a floor system can have significant impact on material costs, construction schedule, ultimate strength, operating costs, occupancy levels and end use of a building. Concrete consists of a cement and stone aggregate mixture that forms a rigid structure with the addition of water. When steel that has a high tensile strength is embedded in concrete, the composite material withstands compression, bending, and tensile stresses. Such a material can be used for making any size and shape, for utilization in the construction. The main quality of reinforced concrete is similarity of its coefficient of thermal expansion with that of steel, due to which the internal stresses initiated due to variation in thermal expansion or contraction are eliminated. Secondly, on the hardening of the cement paste inside the concrete, it corresponds to the surface features of the steel, allowing the stresses to be efficiently transmitted between the two materials. The cohesive characteristics between the steel and concrete are enhanced by the roughening of steel bars. Thirdly, a film is formed on the steel because of the alkaline environment created by lime, due to which the steel becomes extra-resistant to corrosion.

Reinforced concrete is used in large scale construction, such as bridges and skyscrapers. It was first created for building construction in the mid 1800s, and soon spread across both Europe and America. Most major buildings built by the beginning of the 1900s were created with reinforced concrete.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our most sincere and deepest gratitude to our professor, Engr. Nahum Bravo, for his unselfish effort of sharing with us his broad knowledge on various topics.

We would also like to extend our gratitude to our parents for their undying love and support financially and emotinally. To all those who, simplest of their own ways, have shared with me their time, talent and treasure by giving us substantial information and material.

To those we have failed to mention, you know who you are. The success of this project would have not been possible wothout you . Thank you so much.

Above all, we would like to thank our Almighty Father, from who comes all that it is good.

DEDICATION

First of all we would like to dedicate this project to God Almighty for giving us all the strength ,time and courage in order to finish this design.

To our family for their incomparable moral and financial support. To our friends and classmates who always inspire us to persevere and bring out the best in us.

Without them this project would have not been possible.

THANK YOU!

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

ENGR. NAHUM L. BRAVO Department Chair Technological Institute of the Philippines 1338 Arlegui St., Quiapo, Manila

Dear Sir,

In compliance with the requirements in CE 514D2 ( Reinforced Concrete Design), we would like to present the design of a 4-Storey Building. This project design would provide the readers the basic priciples applied to any structure.

We hope that this project would satisfy your standards and thereby requesting for your approach.

Respectfully yours, Duyao, Rick Jayce Y. Fontilar, Francis D. Guevarra, Jericho John D. Manzo Jr. , Serafin

APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillmetn of the requirement in CE 514 ( Reinforced Concrete Design,) I hereby approve and receive the entitled Design of a 4 storey Building with a grade of ______ %.

Approved by:

Engr. Nahum L. Bravo

TECHNOLOGICAL INSITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

1338 Arlegui St., Quiapo, Manila

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERI NG DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A 4-STOREY BUILDING

In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the subject CE 514D2

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Submitted by: Duyao, Rick Jayce Y. Fontilar, Francis D. Guevarra, Jericho John D. Manzo Jr. , Serafin

Submitted to: Engr. Nahum L. Bravo Instructor

October 18, 2010

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT DEDICATION LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL APPROVAL SHEET TABLE OF CONTENTS ARCHITECTURAL PLAN Perspective Elevation Cross section Floor Plans STRUCTURAL PLANS Floof Framing Plans Design Criteria GRAVITY LOAD ANALYSIS SESIMIC ANALYSIS DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB DESIGN OF BEAMS

APPENDICES

GENERAL NOTES 1. The project specifications form a part of these general notes.
2. The Contractor shall verify all dimensions prior to construction. The

Architect shall be notified of any discrepancies or inconsistencies. 3. Dimension shall take precedence over scaled drawings.
4. Notes and details on drawings and these general notes and typical details.

Where notes and details on drawings and these general notes and typical details are in conflict with the project specification, the most stringent shall apply. Condition not specifically shown shall be constructed as shown for similar work. 5. All works shall conform to the standards of the following code: Uniform Building Code, 1994 edition National Structure Code of the philippines volume I current edition Any other regulating agencies which have authority over Any portion of the work, and those codes and standards listed in the contract documents.

6. The contract documents represent the finished structure. They do not

indicate the method of construction. The contractor shall provide all measures necessary to protect the structure during construction. Such measure shall include , but not be limited to bracing, shoring for loads due to construction equipment, etc. observation visits to the site by the structural engineer shall not include inspection of the above items.
7. Openings, pocket, etc. shall not be placed in structural members unless

specifically detailed on the structural drawings. Notify the structural engineer when drawings by others show openings, pocket, etc., larger than 6 inches not shown on the structural drawings, but which are located in the members. 8. Specifications, codes, and standards noted in the contract documents shall be the latest approved issue, including supplements, unless otherwise noted. Material specifications are ASTM latest edition.

9. The contractor shall investigate site for filled excavations or buried structures such as cesspools, cisterns, foundation etc. if any such structures are found , architect shall be notified immediately. 10. Construction materials shall be spread out if placed on frame floors or roof loads. Load shall not exceed the design live load per square foot. Provide /or bracing adequate shoring and/or bracing where structure has not attained design strength or where overload is anticipated.
11. The contractor shall prepare and submit the original and two (2) sets of

print of as built plans. These shall be marked certified and correct and signed by the contractor.

LOADING CRITERIA A. DEAD LOADS

1. Reinforced concrete 2. Structural steel

150 pcf 490 pcf

23.60 kN/m3 77 kN/m3

3. Superimposed dead loads a. G. I. Roofing b. Roof insulation c. Ceiling and utilities 2 1 5 psf psf psf 0.096 kpa 0.048 kpa 0.239 kpa

d. 150mm thick CHB wall (vertical area) e. 100mm thick CHB wall (vertical area)
f. Interior Partitions (hor area)

57 psf 2.728 kpa 44 psf 2.106 kpa 1.198 kpa 0.479 kpa

25 psf 1 psf

g. Floor finish B. LIVE LOADS 2.1 Minimum uniform live loads a. Light live loads Tributary Area 20 m2 20<A< 60m2 60m2 b. Typ. Floor (office) c. Stairs/ lobby d. Multi-purpose

20 psf 16 psf 12 psf 50 psf 100psf 200psf

0.096 kN/m3 0.76 kN/m3 0.57 kN/m3 2.39 kN/m3 4.785 kN/m311.962 kN/m3

e. Machine room

250 psf

11.952 kN/m3

NOTES ON CONCRETE 1. Unless otherwise indicated in the plans noted on the specification. The minimum 28 day cylinder compressive strength of concrete shall be as follows: a. Footing and footing tie beams
b. Colums

fc 4000

psi = 21.0 Mpa psi = 27.6 Mpa

fc 4000

c. R.C Floor Beams/ Girder, Filler Walls Suspended slabs and stairs fc 4000 psi = 20.7 Mpa

d. Parapets and Curtain walls and gutter e. Slab on fill/grade fc 4000 fc 4000 psi = 20.7Mpa psi = 20.7 Mpa psi = 20.7 Mpa

f. Sump Pits, and Water Tanks fc 4000 g. Reataining Walls and Load Bearing R.C Walls fc 4000

psi = 20.7 Mpa

2. Concrete shall b4ev in the final position without flowing

3. No depositing of concrete shall be allowed without the use of vibrators,

unless otherwise wherev oin writing by the designers and only for unsual conditions where vibration is extremely difficult to accomplish. 4. Portland cement shall conform to ASTM C- 150, Type 1 or Type 11, low alkali. 5. Aggreate to hard-rock concrete c- 33 exceptions may be used only with permission of the structural engineer. 6. Forms for concrete shall be land out and construcrted to provide the specified cambers shown on the drawing.
7. The contractor shall maintain a log of struictural slab elevation based on

the architectural drawings plus the additionb of any Camber indicated on the constructions documents. This log shall indicate screed elevations prior to the concrete our and top of concrete slab prior to removal of forms. 8. The concrete slab thickness shall be maintained unless otherwise shown.

9. Dry pack or non shrink grout under base plates, sill plates etc., see contract documents. 10. Concrete mixing operation, etc.,shall conform to C- 94.

11. Placement of concrete shall conform to ACI 304 Code and concract documents. Sandblast all concrete surfaces against which concrete is to placed. 12. All reinforcing bars, anchor bolts and other concrete insert shall be well secured in position prior to placing concrete. 13. Provide sleeves for plumbing and electrical opening in concrete before placing. Do not cut any reinforcing which may conflict. Coring in concrete is not permitted except as shown. Notify the structural engineering in advanced of conditions not shown on the drawings.
14. Conduit of pipe size (0.0.) shall not exceed one third of slab thickness and

shall be placed between the top and bottom reinforcing, unless specially detailed otherwise; concentraions of conduit or pipes shall be except where detailed opening are provided. 15. Projecting corners of beams, walls, columns, etc., shall be formed with a 19mm chamfer, unless otherwise noted on architechtural drawings. 16. Curing compounds used on concrete to recieved a finish shall be approved by the finish applicator before used.

NOTES ON REINFORCING STEEL 1. Unless otherwise indicated in the plans or noted on the specificstions. The minimum yield strength of reinforcing to be used corrresponding to the structural member shall be as follow. a. Footing and footing tei beams
b. Columns c. Beams/ Girder

fc 60,000 fc 60,000 fc 60,000 fc 30,000

psi = 414 Mpa psi = 414 Mpa psi = 414 MpA psi = 276 Mpa

d. Stirrups/ Ties e. R.C floo Beams/ Girder Suspended slabs and stairs f. Parapets and Curtain walls and gutter g. Slab on fill/grade

fc 60,000

psi = 414 Mpa

fc 60, 000 fc 40,000

psi = 414Mpa psi = 276 Mpa

h. Sump Pits, and Water Tanks fc 50,000 2. Structural steel yield strength fc 36, 000

psi = 414 Mpa psi = 250 Mpa

3. All reinforcing steel shall be detailed and placed in conformance with

the building code requirements for reinforced concrete ( ACI 318), and the manual of standard practice for reinforced concrete construction by the C.R.S.I, and the W.R.I., or as modifeid by the construction documents. 4. Reinforcing bars A- 615 grade 60 or A 708 grade unless noted otherwise. 5. Welding of reinforcement shall be with low hydrogen electrodes in conformanced with Redommended practices for welding reinforcing steel.etc. 6. All reinforcing bar bends shall be made cold. 7. Welded wire fabric A- 185.
8. Minimum lap of welded wire fabric shall be 152.4mm, or one full mesh

plus 50.8 mm, whichever is greater.

9. Reinforcing splices shall be made as imdicated on the drawings. 10. Dowels between footing and walls or columns shall be the same grade,

size and spacing as the vertical reinforcing, respectively, unless noted otherwise. 11. All bars be marked so their identification can be made when the final in place is made. NOTES ON MASOONRY 1. Concrete block shall be hollow load-bearing and concrete masonry unit conforming to C90 grade N, Normal weight. Use unit open one end, adn bond beam units at horizontal reinforcing. 2. Cement shall be as specified for concrete. 3. Mortar mix shall conform to requirements for type S and Project specifications. Mortar shall attain a compressive strength of 12.4 Mpa at 28 days. Admixture shall be Sika Red label. 4. Grout shall conform to requirements for coarse grout. Grout shall attain a compressive strength at 13.8 Mpa at 28 days. Admixture shall be Sika Grout AJD or equal. 5. Admixtures shall be added to manufacturers recommendations. mortar or grout respectively per

6. Provide a minimum of one bar diameter (330mm) groyut between main reinforcing and masonry units.

7. Low-lift construction; Maximum grout pour height is 121.0 8. High-lift grouted construction may be used in conformance with chapter 24 of the governing code. 9. All cells in concrete blocks shall be filled solid with grout unless noted otherwise.
10. Cells shall be in vertical alignment. Dowels in footing shall be set yo align

with cores containing reinforcing steel. 11. Refer to architectural drawing foe surface and height of unit, laying pattern and joint type. 12. Assumed ultimate compressive strength of completed masonry wall is 10.34 Mpa.

NOTES ON CONCRETE SLAB 1. All slab reinforcement shall be 20mm clear from of slab. 2. Length of bar cut-off shall be specified on ST-1C. 3. If slabs are reinforced both ways, bars along the short span be placed below those along span center and over the longer span bars near the support. 4. Temperature bars for slab shall be generally placed near the face in tension and shall not be less than 0.008BT 5. Unless otherwise noted in plans or specification, camber all RC slab 3mm per 300mm of shorter span.
6. Provide extra reinforcement for corner slab.

NOTES ON COLUMNS 1. Confinement ties shall be provided on all columns at beam column unless otherwise shown in plans.
2. Column ties and spiral shall be protected uniformly by a covering of

concrete monolithically with the core of minimum thickness of 36mm and not less 11/2 times the size of coarse aggregates. NOTES ON CONRETE WALLS 1. All walls shall be reinforced according to the following schedule of wall reinforcement unless otherwise noted on plan. Reinforcing bars shall have a 38mm minimum clear distance from wall face except for alls in contact with the ground where the minimum of 75mm shall be provided and for exposed faces of formed walls where the minimum shall be 50mm.

2. Carry vertical bars at least 600mm above floor level to provide for splices.

Elsewhere stop at 50mm below the top of the slab or solid bond where the wall ends. Horizontal and vertical bars shall be spliced by lapping a distance equal to forty (40) bar diameter and securely with no. 16 GI wire provided that adjacent bars are staggered at least 1500mm O.C.
3. Unless otherwise noted in the plan, all opening in walls 250mm thick or

thicker shall be reinforced with 2-20mm bars for 230mm, 200mm, 180mm and 150mm, use 2-16mm bars. For 130mm and 100mm, use 212mm bars (see ST-IC) all wall opening shave a vertical reinforcement bent to U-form like stirrups and spaced according to the schedule unless otherwise noted. All concrete work shall be reinforced with bars of area at least equal to that specified in ACI-318-91 building code.

NOTES ON REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS AND GIRDERS

1. Unless otherwise noted in plans or specification camber all R.C. beams at least 6mm for every 4500mm at span except cantilivers which shall be 18mm for every 3000mm of the clear span.
2. Length of bar cut-offs and bar clearances shall be as specified in (ST-1C).

3. If beam reinforcing bars end in a wall. The clear distance from the bar to the further face of the reinforcing bars end in a wall. The clear distance from the bar to the further face of the reinforcing bars shall eliminate on a 90 degree hook, minimum embedment shall be 40 bar diameter for compression bars. 4. If ther are two or more layers of reinforcing bars, use 25mm seperator between layers of bars at 900mm on center in no case shall there be less than two seperators between layer of bars. 5. Minimum concrete protection of reinforcing bars or shapes shall be shown. 6. When a beam crosses a girder, rest beam bars on top of girder bars at column intersection, girder bars shall be on top beam bars.
7. Generally, no splice shall be permitted on beams at points where critical

bending stresses occurs. Splices were permitted shall be sixty (60) bar diameter for plan bars and for deformed bars, as base on the provision in chapter 12 of when lapped, welded splices shall develop in tension at least of the yield strength of the bar, not more than 50% of the bars at any section shall be spliced therein.