INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCE

Insan Akademika Publications

P-ISSN: 2301-4458 E-ISSN: 2301-8038 Vol. 01, No. 02 Oct 2012

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Review the Status Science of Social Work in Iran

Mohammad Reza Iravani1, and Javad Teleschi Yekta2
Assistant Professor, Department of Social Work, Islamic Azad University of Khomeinishahr, Daneshjou Blvd, Iran. iravani@iaukhsh.ac.ir
2 1

Management Clinic, Social Worker of Mearaj, Anzali Township mearaj_manager@yahoo.com

Key words
Social disorder, Depression, Anxiety, Social work

Abstract
Modern complexities of human, specific condition of society and social mental pressures are resulting from obstreperous life to recent century and presenting services and social measures to stabilize family and health society, social work is a kind of social need. In fact, nowadays more complicate life, social environment in simple and traditional form to contribute and difficult term beside to unlimited proficiencies provide different problems. Human in various, complicated and evaluated world with abundant ambiguity cannot know his abilities and capacities without effective help of information, sympathetic and eager people to make a successful identification and overcome problems. In all cases he or she asks social work re to understand him or herself and makes proper decision. According to importance of social work and his decision in present study is conducted by history and the status of social work in Iran and the world
2012 Insan Akademika All Rights Reserved

Introduction

According to social work in culture, tradition and charity motivations and religious creeds and behaviors, it steps along scientific and professional level. Thus social work has been made by new approach that some intelligent persons find that old methods dont have due proficiency to obtain human needs. Only paying certain cost cannot solve the poor's problems. In the other hand, by overcrowding and developing communication of persons to each other increase the problems. Therefore, initiators of social work have decided to help people by perceiving their status. This course is main device to promote purposes of social welfare and presenting social services, but social work is a proper instrument to serve successful social welfare and present best and highest selection social services with lowest cost and in other words, it would be economy. Anyway, it's not suspected that modern selection of best way to serve the poor, social work is a social necessity. Modern social work tries to present services more professional, logical and scientific and organize them. Whereas some features of social work are logical and scientific attempts to survey and solve of people problems, groups and societies take in to consideration emotional, cultural fields. Social work has more than 100 years history in west and more than 50 years in Iran.

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Iravani and Yekta

Social Work

Generally we should seek big part of social history of environment relating to religious history economic problems and global business and political history of country. In the past, the specific customs and believes are made due to different needs of human. There are different views of Buda, Confucius, Tenero, Macius, Zoroaster, in the history of ancient civilization and all they suggest kindness, contribution, support. The kind treatment of Zoroaster is well known to help adults' old persons. In Jewish and Christianity, training of charity, aid, equity and bilateral respect have been thought. In Islamic religious in addition to help and rules of Quran, there are industrial narrations that tithes , heritage, endowment, treasure house are main elements that social welfare is stabilized based on these elements. Traditionally, history of social work starts by giving alms and charities based on moral principles of Jewish and Christianity religious. Both religious have main role in foreigners 'thoughts and rely on charity by giving alms, it means those people who arent success , we have to give alms .Jewish is referred to millennium after Christianity that has two thousand years history. If the effect of religious in charity affairs was vigorous and marker of religious tasks, it's anticipated that in the period of ascending Christianity, church provides big system of charity. But this event doesnt occur. As Christianity is developing in the world, church connects confidentially to powerful and peaceful members of society. However, main job of leaders and nuns is to give alms but these attempts have nor complete and expanded. Therefore, other systems affected on religious instead of social work, such social and economic system we deliberate more. People who are in more welfare should contribute in charity affairs more than the poor. During the history of the world, most people in the society have been poor. Politically, distribution of power is always in company with distribution of wealth, powerful and rich persons in the society are minority, but they deicide about all people in the society. (Perlman, 2000) Therefore, at least three systems effect on the growth and environment of social work: religion, economy and politics. Certainly, these systems are most important and effective relating to social work than others.

Definitions of social work and social worker What is entitled as social work is consisting "special activity that some of social welfare have been done for referees, it means that they help people in need in social work and tasks with high efficiency in other words" social work is a job that puts on thoughts, consultation and professional actions and are presented within organizations of welfare and rehabilitation, culture, social associations and change mental and physical terms to grow (Amiri, 2010, online) Perlman knows social work as a specific activity social welfare in institutions where supply to the referees and helps them to gain high efficiency to confront problems. (Perlman, 1992). In other definition, social work presents individual welfare services to people in need such as the poor, physical or mental disable, adults and children in need (Shiekhi, 2002) Following definitions present proper sentences for social work: "social work is a knowledge and principle oriented job, skills and methods as are groups and society that rely on present their abilities and facilities to solve problems or supplying the needs and gain to relative autonomy and satisfactory. There are several points in above definition: Social work is an occupation and we can learn information while working and executing. Social work is based on knowledge; it means that social workers should require main part of knowledge relating to this occupation through training. Social work is based on six principles: "acceptation, individuality, secrecy, professional relation, interfering officials in activities self-awareness, listening well and return visit of home. Social work has different method in presenting service by three methods: individual, collective, social methods (Mosavichelak, 2004)

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International Journal of Basic and Applied Science, Vol 01, No. 02, Oct 2012, pp. 247-251

The role and status of social worker The human is a social person who connects with surrounding to obtain different needs. This relation is a result of internal and social compatibility and it's called "mental compatibility". sometimes the barriers or problem occur in the life that disturb individual mental balance and most defensive mechanisms cannot help human consequently mental pressures or stress will increase and he feels helplessness and disability. Social worker can urgently help a person facing obstacles with one cheap and short-term treatment. Social worker has a main aim for decreasing mental pressure is not only for presenting problems, but also knowing critical situations helps people to find further power to control future problems and proper mechanisms. One social work seeks to solve problems by recognizing who encounter critical mental difficulties and then they are assigned to clinical psychologists and psychiatrists. (Zahediasl, 2008)

The methods of social work Social worker uses different methods to present services like following; individual social work is a process that has been applied by certain human welfare organizations to assist them encountering the problems with higher proficiency. In this definition, main core in events of individual social work is consisting one problem, namely the one professional representative with specific process. Therefore, main aims of individual social work are the status of people that is a combination of three elements: person, status and encounter reaction. Individual social work is the process of changing the plan and applying for persons. In this method, social worker makes a profit of psychology.

Management of social welfare institutions Management of social welfare institutions puts professional services by governing social services institution and put in directly for people in need. Researches of social work present professional services by using executive plans of socials services and research plans.

Social activity Social action presents professional services by using recent laws and facilities or through approving new rules and facilities for persons in need and all society. Moreover, services of social work in flooded, strikingly earthquake, war-worn sites and some places, contagious diseases are prevalent like Cholera and services in leprous town are members of social actions. Generally, in all resources of social work, ways 1 to 3 are direct and ways 4- 6 are indirect (Aghaiei, 2004)

The principles of social work Social worker believes to present the services based on principles that have global aspect. These principles act only as a global slogan of social workers and includes following: a) Acceptance; Social worker has to accept ignoring personal traits such as racial religious difference, skin color, language, nationality, social class, etc. what is important is the type of problem and level of need to receive help from social worker. b) Principle of secrecy; The social worker brings up personal problems without professional satisfied 55 for others. There are limitations; particularly secret has legal prosecution. Firstly, social worker tries to oblige by expressing his or her problems with authority. Otherwise, a social worker is in charge of executing the right, the justice and giving information to officials to assist person in need. c) Principle of professional relation; This relation is a logical one for bilateral trust, secrecy; acceptance and the purpose of the relations are to serve the person in need.

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International Journal of Basic and Applied Science, Vol 01, No. 02, Oct 2012, pp. 247-251

Iravani and Yekta

d)

Autogenesis; Social worker is a member of society and has the problems in the past and is not a perfect person, thus every specialized person should understand himself or herself to prevent effective factors on behavior and insight and present professional services. (Karimidormani, 2005)

The purpose of social work In Bartley's view: main purpose of social service is "making compatibility between human and environment. (Zahediasl, 2008). One of main tasks of social worker is to enforce roles and solve individual conflicts and increase social function. Social worker should make the power and control of emotional excitement To help people to categorize problems and determine priorities To help people to perceive he or she motivations and success To help people to perceive his capacities and success To help people to think correctly about he or she problems and realities To lead people to increase resistance against new problems Functions of social work Helping people to use further and effective abilities to solve problems and compatibility with him or herself Making first relation between people and systems of resources, facilities and interactions, correction and making the relations between people and systems of social resources Helping to development, correction and change relations between people inside systems of resources Facilitating interaction and changing main relations between people inside the system of resources Distributing resources and physical facilities Playing the role as a factor of social control

Conclusion

In all developed and industrial societies, social work is used in all occupations and factories. The reason is that social problems are in priority. Thus the status of social worker is to determine the status of social worker and this job against governments. In fact, problems and complications occur in the world that the necessity of need to social work feels very high. In Iran we have individual social work, whereas in other countries societal work has been expanded. It will be effective in Iran, but our social workers dont work that. Making the dependency of people to these helps and lack of social planning to help people in need Social and economic condition of 17th century and after increasing population, developing industrial and technology, migration to cities and developing social sciences and psychology. The enforcement of social workers is necessary; it divides into two collective and societal works. Main problems and disorders show that we should to enforce societal social work to remove most damages and social problems in our country. Weakness of and religious traditional helps to people in need including lack of recognition of needy persons and necessity of help to him or her. Whereas social workers in our country keep real place distance that a part of it refers to inform and advertises.

References
Aghaiei, S.S. (2004). Bases of Social Work. Publications of Department of Social Sciences. Tehran. Amiri, M. M. (2010). The History of Social Work www.welfare.socialworker.blogfa.com in Iran and The World. Avalable at:

Karimidormani, H. R. (2005). Individual Social Work (2). Danjeh Publication, Tehran. Mosavichelak, H. (2004). Social Work; Work with the Person. Samt Publication, Tehran.
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International Journal of Basic and Applied Science, Vol 01, No. 02, Oct 2012, pp. 247-251

Perlman, H. (2000). Social Work. Translated by P. Montakhab. Publication of University of Allameh Tabatabaiei, Tehran. Sheikhi, M. T. (2002). Sociology of Social Sciences and Social Work. Harir Publication, Tehran. Zahediasl, M. (2009). Introduction of Social Work. Publication of Allameh Tabatabaiei, Fourth Press, Tehran.

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