Wab Armies of Poland

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The Polanes were first mentioned in the 10th
century chronicles of Ibrahim ibn Jakub. In 966
the Holy Roman Emperor Otto I the Great
affirmed the ducal title held by the Polanes
leader Mieszko I, which Mieszko had received a
few years earlier, by pledging allegiance to the
emperor, when he was defeated by Margrave
Gero. Mieszko, born circa 930, and later his son
Bolesaw I Chrobry, pledged allegiance to the
emperors for part of their lands.

The Polanes' neighbors to the West were tribes
of Sorbs and Polabians. The Holy Roman
Empire and her duchies had established marches
in this region. The Pomeranian tribes dwelled in
the North. Polish dukes, at times vassals or allies
of the empire, tried to expand their realm into
these areas as well as the Germans and the
Danes. Lands under Duke Mieszko's rule are not
known exactly, but, including lands kept as
vassal of the emperor and as margrave,
encompassed Greater Poland, Lesser Poland,
Masovia, Silesia and perhaps even Pomerania.
The lands totaled about 250,000 km in area,
with a population of about or even slightly below
1 million.

Mieszko I married Dubrawka, daughter of the
Czech duke Boleslav I and was baptised into the
Roman branch of Christianity in 966. This event
started widespread conversion to Christianity
within the Mieszko I realms, and was also a fact
of political significance. It marked the beginning
of Poland as part of the Christian western world.
Moreover he also allied with the Czechs to try to
keep the German land conquered or received as
lien for themselves. He was christened by a
Czech clergyman.

In 967 the Polish ruler defeated German Count
Wichman and his allies. In 972 at the Battle of
Cedynia, Mieszko defeated Hodo of the Eastern
March, which enabled him to take over areas in
Pomerania, as margrave of the emperor. Mieszko
I died in 992 and left his son and successor
Bolesaw I the Brave a strong and thriving
dukedom.

Boleslaw continued the work of his father. He
was able to preserve the unity of the country by
expelling Ode (Mieszko I's second wife) and her
sons. At the Congress of Gniezno (1000) he was
able to persuade Emperor Otto III to give his
permission to create the first Polish
archbishopric.

After the untimely death of Otto III in 1002 at
the age of 22, Boleslaw I conquered the imperial
March of Meissen (Polish Minia) and also
Lausitz (Latin Lusatia, Polish uyce), thereby
trying to wrest imperial territory for himself
during the disputes over the throne he and his
father had both earlier backed Duke Henry II
("the Quarrelsome") of Bavaria against Otto, and
he accepted the accession of Duke Henry's son
as the Emperor Henry II. Boleslaw conquered
and made himself duke of Bohemia in 1003, but
lost the territory the following year. He defeated
the Rus' and stormed Kyiv in 1018.

He was forced to give a pledge of allegiance by
Emperor Henry II again, for the lands he held in
fief. Henry died in 1024. A year later in 1025,
shortly before his death, Boleslaw was crowned
king. His coronation marked the full political
and territorial independence of the Polish State.

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Mieszko is considered the first ruler of the Piast
Dynasty (named for the legendary peasant
founder of the family), which endured for four
centuries. Between 967 and 990, Mieszko
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conquered substantial territory along the Baltic
Sea and in the region known as Little Poland to
the south. By the time he officially submitted to
the authority of the Holy See in Rome in 990,
Mieszko had transformed his country into one of
the strongest powers in Eastern Europe.

Mieszko's son and successor Boleslaw I (992
1025), known as the Brave, built on his father's
achievements and became the most successful
Polish monarch of the early medieval era.
Boleslaw continued the policy of appeasing the
Germans while taking advantage of their
political situation to gain territory wherever
possible. Frustrated in his efforts to form an
equal partnership with the Holy Roman Empire,
Boleslaw gained some non-Polish territory in a
series of wars against his imperial overlord in
1003 and 1004. The Polish conqueror then
turned eastward, extending the boundaries of his
realm into present-day Ukraine. Shortly before
his death in 1025, Boleslaw won international
recognition as the first king of a fully sovereign
Poland.

Mieszko II was crowned in 1025 after his
father's death. The many landlords, however,
feared the single rule of the monarch. This
situation led to conflicts in the country, in which
Mieszko's brothers turned against him and the
Emperor Conrad II's forces attacked the country,
seizing Lusatia. Years of chaos and conflict
followed, during which Mieszko died (1034) in
suspicious circumstances after his forced
abdication and a brief restoration.

The reign of Casimir I the Restorer (10371058)
was a short period of stability. Casimir unified
the country, and was succeeded by Boleslaus II,
who took advantage of the conflict between
emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII and
made himself king in 1076. The landlords
rebelled yet again and Boleslaus II had to
abdicate in 1079. His brother Wadysaw I
Herman took over the throne and also had to
abdicate in 1102, giving the power to his sons
Zbigniew of Poland and Bolesaw III Wrymouth
who reigned simultaneously, until Boleslaw had
his half-brother banished from the country in
1107 and blinded in 1112.

It was Boleslaw who united the country in 1106
and defended it against the Holy Roman Empire
later on. He managed to again conquer all the
previously conquered territories, held for a short
time, including Pomerania. Before his death in
1138 he split up the power in country between
his sons. Following his theory of seniorate,
Boleslaw divided the country into five
principalities Silesia, Greater Poland, Mazovia,
Sandomir and Krakw. The first four provinces
were divided among his four sons who became
independent rulers. The fifth province, that of
Krakw, was to be added to the senior among
the Princes who, as the Grand Duke of Krakw,
was the representative of the whole of Poland.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland_(966-1385)

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ARMY COMPOBlTlON ARMY COMPOBlTlON ARMY COMPOBlTlON ARMY COMPOBlTlON

Units may have a Leader (+5 pts), Musician (+5pts) and/or
Standard (+5pts).

CHARACTERS: Up to 25%
COMMON WARRIORS: At least 33%
UNCOMMON WARRIORS: Up to 33%
DOGS OF WAR: Up to 25%

CHARACTlRB CHARACTlRB CHARACTlRB CHARACTlRB

0-1 KNES

M WS BS S T W I A Ld Pts
Rex 4 5 5 4 4 3 5 2 10 150
Dux 4 5 5 4 4 3 5 3 9 130

Equipment: Hand weapon, light armour, javelin, shield
May have horse (+3, increase M to 8) or Warhorse (+8,
increase M to 8), heavy armour (+2), throwing or thrusting
spear (+1) and bow instead of javelin (+3). Only if on foot
he may have a double handed axe (+3) or dane axe (+2).

Special Rules: Army General

Bolesaw was the son of Mieszko I and of his first wife, the
Bohemian princess Dubrawka. In 984 Bolesaw married
an unknown daughter of Rikdag, Margrave of Meissen.
Subsequently he married Judith Arpad, a daughter of
Geza, Grand Duke of Hungary; then Emnilda, daughter of
Dobromir; and lastly Oda, another daughter of the
Margrave of Meissen. His wives bore him sons, including
Bezprym, Mieszko II and Otton; and a daughter, Mathilde.
After his father's death around 992, Bolesaw expelled his
father's second wife, Oda von Haldensleben, and her sons,
thereby attempting to unite Poland again.

VOIVODE

Comes 5 5 4 3 4 2 4 3 8 100

Equipment: Hand weapon, light armour, javelin, shield
increase M to 8), throwing spear (+1) and bow instead of
javelin (+3). Only if on foot he may have heavy armour
(+2), a double handed axe (+3) or dane axe (+2).

If no knes is present one voivot may lead the army as
general (+25).

ZUPAN

Castellan 5 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 7 50

Equipment: Hand weapon, light Armour, javelin, shield
May have horse (+3, increase M to 8), heavy armour (+2),
throwing spear (+1) and bow instead of javelin (+3). Only
if on foot he may have heavy armour (+2), a double
handed axe (+3) or dane axe (+2).

One Zupan may be upgraded to army standard bearer
(+15)

BISHOP

Speculator 4 4 4 4 3 2 3 2 8 80

Equipment: Hand weapon, light armour, shield
increase M to 8), heavy armour (+2), throwing spear (+1)
and bow instead of javelin (+3).

Special Rules: A unit he accompanes can reroll panic tests

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vARRlORB vARRlORB vARRlORB vARRlORB

0-1 ACIES CURIALIS

Bodyguard 8 4 4 3 3 1 4 1 8 24

Equipment: Hand weapon, javelins, light armour, shield,
horse
May have thrusting or throwing spear instead of javelins
(+2), bow (+2), heavy armour (+1) and dismount option
(M4 and -12). Only if on foot they may have double
handed axe (+3) or dane axe (+2) and may be designated
to be stubborn (+3).

Special Rules Cavalry: Expert Horsemen, Fearsome,
Veterans

Special Rules Infantry: Shieldwall

Must be led by the army general all the time.

0-1 MILITES

Ryczek 8 4 3 3 3 1 4 1 8 22

Equipment: Hand weapon, thrusting spear, light armour,
shield, horse
May have heavy armour (+1) and warhorses (+8). May
dismount (M4 and -11). Only if on foot they may have
double handed axe (+3) or dane axe (+2) and may be
designated to be stubborn (+3).

Special Rules Cavalry: Ferocious Charge, may count
rank bonus up to +1

Special Rules Infantry: Shieldwall

LORICATUS

Druzhnnik 8 3 4 3 3 1 3 1 7 20

Equipment: Hand weapon, javelins, light armour, horse
May have a shield (+1), thrusting or throwing spear
instead of javelins (free), bow (+2), may dismount (M4
and -10). Only if on foot they may have a double handed
axe (+3) or dane axe (+2)

Special Rules Cavalry: Feigned Flight, Light Cavalry

Special Rules Infantry: Shieldwall, Combined Formation

CUSTODIA

Guard 4 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 7 7

Equipment: Hand weapon, thrusting spear, shield
Up to 50% of the unit may have bows (free) and shoot
from the rear ranks.

Special Rules: Shieldwall, Combined Formation

CLIPEATUS

Shieldbearer 4 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 6 5

Equipment: Hand weapon, shield
May have a thrusting spear (+1), bow (+1), shield (+1) and
large shield (+2)

DNCOMMON vARRlORB DNCOMMON vARRlORB DNCOMMON vARRlORB DNCOMMON vARRlORB

MILITIA

Town 4 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 6 4
Rural 8 2 3 3 3 1 3 1 6 14

Equipment: Hand weapon, javelins, shield
May have throwing spear (+1); bow instead of javelins
(+1). Town militia may have light armor (+1).

Special Rules Town: Light Infantry, Levies

Special Rules Rural: Light Cavalry, Feigned Flight

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PEASANTS

Levy 4 2 2 3 3 1 3 1 4 3

Equipment: Improvised weapons
May have javelins (+1), slings (+1) and shield (+1)

Special Rules: Light Infantry, Levies

SCOUTS

Scout 4 2 3 3 3 1 3 1 5 4

Equipment: Javelin, buckler
May have sling instead of javelins (free) or bow (+1)

Special Rules: Skimisher

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TRIBAL WARRIOR

Wend 5 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 5 5

Equipment: Hand weapon, javelin, shield
May have throwing spears (+1); bow instead of javelins
(+1)

Special Rules: Unreliable, Warband, Stealth

STIPENDARII

Dismtd 4 4 3 3 3 1 4 1 8 13
Mounted 8 4 3 3 3 1 3 1 5 27

Equipment: Hand weapon, light armour, shield, throwing
or thrusting spear. Mounted stipendarii have warhorses.
May have javelins (+1) and upgrade light armour to heavy
armour (+1).

Special Rules: Unreliable, up to +1 rank bonus if
mounted

SERJEANTS

Footman 4 3 3 3 3 1 4 1 7 5

Equipment: Hand weapons
May have shield (+1), light armour (+2), javelin (+1),
throwing or thrusting spear (+1), double handed axes (+2),
bows (+2).

Special Rules: Unreliable, may be designated as Light
Infantry

HORSE ARCHER

Horseman 8 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 7 22

Equipment: Hand weapons, bow
May have throwing spear (+1) and buckler (+1)

Special Rules: Unreliable, Skirmisher, Nomad Cavalry

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The Battle occurred on 24 June 972 during the
rule of Duke Mieszko I, the first Christian ruler
of the Polans (later Poland). There was a war
raging over the western border of the young
country, because Mieszko wanted to capture the
lightly defended and economically important
estuary of the Oder River, in order to secure
influence in Pommerania. This led to a conflict
with Margrave Hodo of the Nordmark (Northern
March) and the Saxon March, who was also ruler
of the neighbouring marchy of Lusatia (an
antecedent of Brandenburg) and responsible for
gathering tribute of the tribes which were
Mieszko's point of interest. In the course of
division of the East March, the power in the area
was exercised by unchecked warlords. Margrave
Hodo wanted to extend his territory and
influence, and finally gathered his forces. He
received support from another man, Count
Sigfried and decided to attack. He was sure of
victory, and his raid was a private conflict which
was against the agreements made by the German
emperor, who needed to secure his power in
Italy. However, against his expectations, the
battle was won by Mieszko.

The Forces

The numbers of the fighting parties are
unknown, apart from folk tales of the Ursidae
cavalry. However, the military readiness, ability
to field soldiers and the rank of opponents
indicate that there could not have been more than
4,000 men on each side. The German forces
most likely fielded more heavy cavalry, while
the Polish side's advantages came from the use
of quite mobile infantry, well-suited to fighting
in uneven terrain, as well as archers.

The Battlefield

The duke of the Polans wanted to avoid a long
campaign on his territory and stop the enemy on
his borders. The fight was on one of the furts or
passes through the Oder River directly across the
later town of Oderberg, just north of Frankfurt
(Oder). The location had been chosen carefully.
The only other available pass was next to a high
hill, covered with trees and replete with swamps.
Further down was the town of Cidini.

The Battle

It should be noted that the sources of information
on the actual battle operations are at best scarce.

The Polish duke, with a part of his forces (likely
to have been most of the horsemen), headed for
Oder in order to defend the passage while
leaving the rest of army under command of his
brother Czcibor, not far from Cedynia.

During the initial phase of the battle, Hodo broke
through Oder and pursued Mieszko, who
eventually fled to Cedynia. While Hodo's forces
were preparing to assault the town, Czcibor's
army attacked them from the hills on their
flanks. Soon after, another strike came from the
fortifications and the march's soldiers were
getting overrun. The battle turned into a
slaughter.

Aftermath

Not many Germans escaped, however, Sigfried
and Hodo did. Eventually the son of Mieszko
was taken by the German emperor, Otto I. Otto
II wanted to have revenge in 979, but was also
defeated.

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The Battle of Gogw was fought August 14,
1109, between the forces of the Kingdom of
Poland and the Holy Roman Empire. Recorded
by chronicler Gallus Anonymous it is presently
one of the most well known battles in Polish
history. The Polish forces were led by Duke
Bolesaw III Wrymouth, while the Imperial
forces were under command of German King
Henry V. Bolesaw was victorious.

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Prelude

In 1107 Bolesaw had expelled his older step
brother and co-ruler Zbigniew. Zbigniew sought
help from Henry V of the Holy Roman Empire
and after Bolesaw had campaigned Bohemia in
1108, joined the expedition of Bohemian duke
Svatopluk and the Holy Roman Emperor to
Poland.

Henry V. and his army crossed the border and
approached Gogw on September 8. They
defeated a Polish army which was stationed near
the town. Knowing that Bolesaw was in the city,
Henry decided to grant Gogw's citizens a five
day ceasefire to ask their king to surrender.
Henry made the citizens of Gogw give up their
children as hostages as a guarantee of the
ceasefire and promised to give them back alive
no matter what the answer of the Polish king
would be.

The Battle

Bolesaw had no intention to hand over the city.
After the five days were up, Henry V. reversed
his decision and laid siege to Gogw, at the time
inhabited by local Silesian Slavs and German
civilians (the latter being also loyal to the Polish
King however). Breaking his promise, he
chained the child hostages to his siege engines,
hoping that the people of Gogw would not
shoot their own offspring, which would allow
him to conquer the Polish settlement.

However, Henry's cruelty towards children only
strengthened the resolve of Gogw's defenders.
Several attacks by the Imperial army were
repulsed. After many days of unsuccessful
fighting and the assassination of Duke
Svatopluk, Henry V. was forced to abandon the
siege and march south. His campaign ended in
Bolesaw's victory at the Battle of Hundsfeld.

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Bolesaw (967-1025) was the son of Mieszko I
and of his first wife, the Bohemian princess
Dubrawka. In 984 Bolesaw married an unknown
daughter of Rikdag (Riddag, Ricdag), Margrave
of Meissen. Subsequently he married Judith
Arpad, a daughter of Geza, Grand Duke of
Hungary; then Emnilda, daughter of Dobromir;
and lastly Oda, another daughter of the Margrave
of Meissen. His wives bore him sons, including
Bezprym, Mieszko II and Otton; and a daughter,
Mathilde. After his father's death around 992,
Bolesaw expelled his father's second wife, Oda
von Haldensleben, and her sons, thereby
attempting to unite Poland again.

In 997 Bolesaw sent Saint Adalbert of Prague to
Prussia, on the Baltic Sea, on a mission to
convert the heathen Prussians to Christianity
an attempt that would end in Adalbert's
martyrdom and subsequent canonization.

From his father, Bolesaw had inherited their
principality, centered on Greater Poland, being
along the river Warta ("valley of Warta"), and
much smaller than modern Poland.

By 997, Bolesaw already possessed Silesia and
the eastern parts of Pomerania (with its chief
city, Gdask) and Lesser Poland (with its chief
city, Krakw). In 1002 Bolesaw annexed
present-day Moravia, and in 1001 or 1003, parts
of present-day Slovakia.

In 1000, Emperor Otto III, while on pilgrimage
to the tomb of St. Adalbert at Gniezno, invested
Bolesaw with the title Frater et Cooperator
Imperii ("Brother and Partner in the Empire").
Some historians state that the emperor also
pledged a royal crown to Bolesaw. During that
same visit, Otto III accepted Gniezno's status as
an archbishopric (see Congress of Gniezno).

After the untimely death of Otto III at age 22 in
1002, Bolesaw supported Eckard I, Margrave of
Meissen, for the German throne. When Eckard
was assassinated in April, Bolesaw lent his
support to Henry IV, Duke of Bavaria, and
helped make him king as Henry II. Bolesaw and
his father had earlier backed Henry II, Duke of
Bavaria, against Otto, and Henry IV was the son
of the earlier Henry. With Eckard dead,
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Bolesaw laid claim to the Margraviate of
Meissen as a relative of Eckard through
marriage, but Henry only acquiesced to give him
the March of Lusatia and detach it from Meissen.
Henry remained suspicious of Bolesaw for his
early support for Eckard and Bolesaw for his
part remained committed to extending his own
territories at the expense of the Holy Roman
Empire.

Bolesaw conquered, and made himself Duke of,
Bohemia in 1003-04, ruling as Boleslav IV of
Bohemia.

At the request of his son-in-law Sviatopolk I of
Kiev, the Polish duke intervened in the affairs of
Kievan Rus': not only did he expel Yaroslav the
Wise from Kiev, but possibly he deployed his
troops in the Rus' capital for about half a year
(see Kiev Expedition of 1018). According to
popular legend Bolesaw notched his sword
(Szczerbiec) hitting the Golden Gate of Kiev.
During this campaign Poland re-annexed the Red
Strongholds, later called Red Ruthenia, lost by
Bolesaw's father in 981.

The intermittent wars with the Holy Roman
Empire ended with the Peace of Bautzen in
1018, which left Sorbian Meissen and Lusatia in
Polish hands.

Emperor Henry II obliged Bolesaw to pledge his
fealty again in exchange for the lands that he
held in fief. After Henry's death in 1024,
Bolesaw crowned himself king (1025), thus
raising Poland to the rank of a kingdom and
being the first Polish king, his predecessors
having been princes.

Bolesaw sent an army to aid his friend also his
nephew, son of his sister Sigrid Canute the
Great in his conquest of England.

Bolesaw's son, Mieszko II, crowned himself
king immediately upon his father died in Pozna.

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http://wabforum.co.uk

Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cedynia

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