Integrated Sociology

Insights and Implications

Craig Allen Swanson, M.A.

Table of Contents
Invitation to & Justification for an Integrated Sociology ................................. i Teaching Philosophy & Statement of Biases ............................. x Acknowledgements ................................................................. xv

Unit 1: Foundations of an Integrated Sociology

Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Chapter 3: Chapter 4: Chapter 5: Religious & Philosophical Foundations...... 1 Psychological Foundations ................................................... 30 Anthropological Foundations ............................. 60 Sociological Foundations ...................................... 90 Putting it All Together .................................... 120

Unit 2: Social Organization

Chapter 6: Social Structure.... 140 Chapter 7: Social Interaction..... 160 Chapter 8: Social Groups.... 180 Chapter 9: Bureaucracy...... 200 Chapter 10: Deviance and Social Control......... 220

Unit 3: Social Inequality

Chapter 11: Chapter 12: Chapter 13: Chapter 14: Chapter 15: Social Class and Social Mobility in the United States.... 240 Global Social Stratification........... 260 Sex, Gender, and Sexuality....... 280 Ethnicity...... 300 Religious & Nationalistic Supremacy... 320

Unit 4: Institutional Analyses, Part 1

Chapter 16: Family & Sexuality......... 340 Chapter 17: Economics.... 360 Chapter 18: Politics.. 380

Unit 5: Institutional Analyses, Part 2

Chapter 19: Education.... 400 Chapter 20: Religion 420 Chapter 21: Mass Media..... 440

Unit 6: Social Change

Chapter 22: Fourth Dimensional Integrated Sociology... 460 Chapter 23: The Phoenix Society Project...... 480 Epilogue......... 500

Detailed Table of Contents

Unit 1: Foundations of an Integrated Sociology
Chapter 1: Religious & Philosophical Foundations... 1
In Their Own Words: Jesus Christ, page 2 Thomas Aquinas, page 5 Thomas Hobbes,14 J.J. Rousseau, page 25

Religious Insights Philosophical Insights Human Nature Social Ethics, Virtue, & Morality The Renaissance Craigs Critical Corner: The Enlightenment The Enlightenment, page 23 Metaphysics Postmodernism & Poststructuralism Implications for an Integrated Sociology

Chapter 2: Psychological & Social Psychological Foundations... 30

In Their Own Words: Sigmund Freud, 32 John Medina, 36 Robert Ornstein, 38 Stanislov Grof, 40 Phillip Zimbardo, 45

Psychological Insights Social Psychological Insights Brain & Human Nature Sensation & Perception Learning & Memory Consciousness Mind/Metacognition The Unconscious Mind Craigs Critical Corners: Human Development The Cognitive Unconscious, 50 Human Potential Fractal Branching, 51 Social Cognition Social Psychology Scientific Mind Implications for an Integrated Sociology

Chapter 3: Anthropological Foundations.. 60

In Their Own Words: Bronisaw Malinowski, 60 Franz Boas, 62 Pierre Bourdieu, 70

Anthropological Insights Long View Craigs Critical Corner: Broad Scope Linguistic Determinism & Culture Linguist Relativism, 75 Cultural Relativism Language & Culture Cultural Evolution Ethnography & Ethnology Cross Cultural Comparison Implications for an Integrated Sociology

Chapter 4: Sociological Foundations. 90

In Their Own Words: C. Wright Mills, 90 G.H. Mead, 93 Lawrence Kohlberg, 95 Peter Kropotkin, 112 Karl Marx, 114

Sociological Insights Self/Mind & Human Nature Society & Social Organization Socialization Social Structure Craigs Critical Corner: Social Construction HD & OS, 91 Social Interaction Social Justice, 115 Social Inequality Important Theorists & Theories The Science of Sociology Implications for an Integrated Sociology

Chapter 5: Fundamental Concepts of an Integrated Sociology........ 120

In Their Own Words: Jean Baudrillard, 129 Michel Foucault, 131 Jacques Derrida Howard Zinn, 137 C. Wright Mills, 138 Max Weber, 139

Iconoclastic/Critical Nature of Integrated Sociology Human Nature & Human Society Culture as a Form of Technology Cultural Determinism Cultural Hegemony Craigs Critical Corner: Hyperreality Geo-Temporal Determinism, 125 Social Structural Analysis Hegemonic Fog, 130 Socio-Historical Analysis Critical Thinking, 135 Critical Sociology Institutional Analysis

Unit 2: Social Organization

Chapter 6: Social Structure.. 140
In Their Own Words: Thomas Merton, 143 Phillip Zimbardo, 148 Ferdinand Tnnies, 155

Dual-Meaning of the Social Structure Macrosociology Social Status & Status Set Craigs Critical Corner: Social Location Inside & Outside the Box, 141 American Social Structure The Swansonian State, 151 Roles Social Institutions Sociological Perspectives on Social Institutions Stability and Change in Social Structure

Chapter 7: Social Interaction... 160

In Their Own Words: Herbert Blumer, 163 Erving Goffman, 165 Larry T. Reynolds, 167 Harold Garfinkel, 169 Norman Denzin, 175

The Failure of Intersubjectivity, 178

Microsociology Theories of Symbolic Interactionism Research Methods of Symbolic Interactionism Non-Verbal Interaction Craigs Critical Corner: Culture Studies

Chapter 8: Social Groups.. 180

In Their Own Words: Henri Tajfel, 182 Phillip Zimbardo, 185 Irving Janis, 196

Groups, Aggregates, and Categories Types of Social Groups Us and Them Thinking Craigs Critical Corner: Dehumanization Violence & Dehumanization, 186 Group Characteristics Group Dynamics Groupthink

Chapter 9: Bureaucracy.... 200

In Their Own Words: C. Wright Mills, 205 Robert Michels, 214 George Ritzer, 217 George Berkely, 219

Weber: Rationalization of Society Characteristics of Bureaucracies Craigs Critical Corner: Dysfunctions of Bureaucracies The Good Ol Boy Network, 210 Oligarchy & Plutocracy The McDonaldization of Society Non-Hierarchical Social Organization

Chapter 10: Deviance and Social Control................... 220

In Their Own Words: Richard Quinney, 232 Stephen Pfohl, 235 Larry Tifft, 236 Jeffrey Reiman, 237 Craigs Critical Corner: Social Order & Social Control, 225 Prisons for Politics & Profit, 238

Defining Deviance The Relativity of Deviance Categories of Deviance Theories of Deviance Elite Deviance Criminology

Unit 3: Social Inequality

Chapter 11: Social Class and Social Mobility in the United States....... 240
In Their Own Words: Karl Marx, 243 Daniel Rossides, 244 Max Weber, 245 Davis & Moore, 247 Craigs Critical Corner: The Imposed Pyramid, 242 The Sociology of Homelessness, 250 From Welfare to Work, 255 The MiniMax State 258

The Myth of Scarcity Systems of Social Stratification Sociological Theories of Social Class Poverty in the United States Hunger & Homelessness Demographic & Geographic Factors Welfare Social Mobility

Chapter 12: Global Social Stratification. 260

The Economic and Ideological Layering of Societies/Cultures/Ethnicities History of Stratification Craigs Critical Corner: Global Social Darwinism In Their Own Words: Lost Cultures, Lost Humanity, 270 Globalization Thomas Malthus, 260 Community vs. Civilization, 278 Dependency Theory Jean Raspail, 261 Development and Modernization Theory Thomas Friedman, 273 Global 3rd World Revolution Walt Rostow, 275
Daniel Quinn, 279

Chapter 13: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality...... 280

In Their Own Words: Yahweh (1 Tim: 2:12), 285 Martin Luther, 285 Helen Keller, 290 Emma Goldman, 295

Sex & Gender Gender Socialization Three Levels of Sexual Complexity, 282 Sexism & Patriarchy Three Forms of Feminism, 293 Feminisms Sexual Development, Sexualities, and Sexual Deviance
Craigs Critical Corner:

Chapter 14: Ethnicity ... 300

In Their Own Words: Ashleigh Montague, 301 Hal Turner, 312

Race & Ethnicity Socio-Biology The Miles Stain of Blood, 315 Ideas Theories of Racial Superiority My Friend Floyd Cochran, 318 Racist Actions
Craigs Critical Corner:

Chapter 15: Religious & Nationalistic Supremacy .... 320

In Their Own Words: Michael Bakunin, 323 Andrew Schmookler, 324 Cornel West, 334 Kevin Phillips, 335 Jeff Sharlet, 337

Evolution of Socio-Political Structures Grand Unifiers: Monument Building & God Worshipping Prerequisites for War: Afterlife & Dehumanization People of the Book Craigs Critical Corner: The Rise of the Nation-State Punched by the Hand of God, 320 Propaganda Love & Hate: Fred Phelps, 328 American Exceptionalism

Unit 4: Institutional Analyses, Part 1

Chapter 16: The Family.340
In Their Own Words: Arlie Russell Hochschild, 347 Stephanie Koontz, 351 Richard Settersten, 354 Emma Goldman, 357

The First Family The Social Construction of the Institution of the Family Primary Agents of Socialization Craigs Critical Corner: Descent & Familial Relationships Euthanasia, 352 Family Variations Immortalility, 358 Aging & Dying Relationships between the Family and Other Institutions

Chapter 17: Economics .... 360

In Their Own Words: Adam Smith, 364 Karl Marx, 366 Pierre Joseph Proudhon, 370 Carl Polanyi, 375 Craigs Critical Corner: Master of Puppets, 378

Definition & Dimensions of Economy Media of Exchange World Economic Systems Relationships between Economics and Other Institutions

Chapter 18: Politics .. 380

In Their Own Words: William Godwin, 381 Todd May, 383 Howard Zinn, 385 Benito Mussolini, 387 Bernard Weiner, 388

Definition & Dimensions of Politics Power & Authority Craigs Critical Corner: Types of Political Systems The MiniMax State, 389 Political Violence Relationships between Politics and Other Institutions

Unit 5: Institutional Analyses, Part 2

Chapter 19: Education . 400
In Their Own Words: Bill Bennett, 405 Maria Montessori, 407 Paulo Freire, 410 John Taylor Gatto, 412 Ivan Illich, 414

Definition & History of Education Functions & Dysfunction of Education Grandparents & Campfires, 401 Critical Perspectives on Education Symbolic Interactionist Perspective on Education Relationships between Education and Other Institutions
Craigs Critical Corner:

Chapter 20: Religion 420

In Their Own Words: Karl Marx, 425 Adolph Hitler, 433 Vernon Johns, 435 Craigs Critical Corner:

Definition & Dimensions of Religion Types of Religion God & State, 427 Functions and Dysfunctions of Religion Life After Death, 430 Critical Perspectives on Religion Symbolic Interactionist Perspective on Religion Relationships between Religion and Other Institutions

Chapter 21: Mass Media ...... 440

In Their Own Words: Aldus Huxely, 442 Walter Lippmann, 451 Goodman & Goodman, 455 Noam Chomsky, 457 RATM, 458 Craigs Critical Corner: Mass Hypnosis, 453

Definition & Dimensions of Mass Media Functions & Dysfunctions of Mass Media Critical Perspectives on Mass Media Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives on Mass Media Relationships between Economics and Other Institutions

Unit 6: Social Change

Chapter 22: Fourth Dimensional Integrated Sociology.460
In Their Own Words: Martin Heidegger, 460 Georg Hegel, 465 Karl Marx, 467 Jacque Fresco, 470

Time Culture as Technology Definition, Dimensions, and Dynamics of Social Change Timeline of Human Cultural Evolution Predictive Programming Craigs Critical Corner: Sociology of the Future Arc of the Anthropocene, 478 Projected Trajectories

Chapter 23: The Phoenix Society Project ... 480

Collective Decision Making Core Social/Moral Values Operationalized & Institutionalized Social Norms

Epilogue .......... 500