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usr; wdrf ryfiy0uaomt&m? todyaxG;zG,aomt&m? usrf;&if;pmom;rQjzifh odrwz,f rjynfpkH f k f S f I f f dS S f G h aomt&mESihf tjcm;aom rSmxm;oifonft&mwdYk usr;&if; pmom;\ atmufwif rSwcsufrsm; oD;jcm;a&;om; h h f G f Si;jyxm;ayonf/ ,if;rSwcsufrsm;teuf tcsKdYrm ,kwobm0 aMumif;usKd;axmufqvsuf Si;vif; wifjycsuf f f S d f rsm;jzpf tcsKdYrm 0do'r*f r[m#DumESihf tjcm;aom ygVdawmf t|uxm#Dum-paom usrf;rsm;rS wduuf S k d k f dk bmomjyefq jzpfap? rS;,ljzpfap azmfjyxm;csuf rsm;jzpfayonf/ odYk jzpf&m ,if;atmufajcrSwcsursm;onf kd D f f pmIolrsm; usrf;udk em;vnf o abmaygufa&;wGif taxmuftul rsm;pGmjzpfayvdrrnf/ xkYd jyif ygVdwwfuRrf; hf olwYkd tzdYk om aus;Zl;rsm;onfh tcsKdYaomyk'zihf ygXfziEihf ygVdo'ga&;wdYk ukd ygVdrwwforsm; zwfaevQif tcsdef f G G hf S l I uke pdwyrQom Srnfjzpf ,if;wdYk ukd rzwfyJ ausmfom;vdu ausmom;Edi&ef atmufajcrSwcsursm;jzifh f f I f Hk d G k f G k f f f Tejf yxm;ayonf/ xdYk aMumifh ,if;atmufajcrSwcsufrsm;onf usrf;udk MunfavhvmolwYkd rzwfvQif rjzpf f h I aom csevyxm;vdYk r&onfh rSwcsursm; jzpfonf-[k qdu rSm;rnfr[kway/ f S f f f k f odYk jzpf&m xdrwcsursm;\ ta&;ygyHukd odEi&ef yHptjzpf tenf;i,frQ xkwjf yvQif oifE;tHh xifay k S f f k dS kd f k H h kd onf/ ygVdrwwfuRrf;olwYkd twGuf tusKd;rrsm;ojzifh ausmfzwfoifaom t&mwdYk atmufajc rSwcsufrsm;u h f odYk Tejf yxm;ayonf-]] vufonf;uGi;twGi;Sd rl&if;ygVdukd azmfjyxm;jcif;rSm aemuf zGijhf yvwHaom tzGihf f f h pum;rsm;ESihf wduqiMf unfEi&efjzpfonf? xdygVdrsm;udausmfNyD; zwfom; Ediygonf/ aemufvnf; odYk aom k f kd h kd f k k G k f ygVdrsm;udk xkwjf yxm;&m enf;wlyif ausmfzwfyg/}} (ESm-51? atmufajcrSwcsuf 1) ESm-57 ponfvnf; tvm; f wlrmxm;csufrsm; Sdayonf/) S t"dyg,fqufpyf,&rnfh pum;csif;tvSr;a0;ae&m pum;pyfyukd odYk azmfjy xm;ayonf - ]]0efcHyg l f kH vsuf...arxkeBf uD;odYk ra&mufjim;aomfvnf; ... qkye,fay;jcif;udk om,m vufc\-[k pyfyg/}} (ESm-159? rSwf H f 1)/ rl&if;ygVdukd vufonf;uGi;jzifh xkwjf y&jcif;taMumif;ukd odYk Si;jyxm;\ - ]]vufonf;uGif; f f twGi;Sd rl&if;ygVdukd xkwjf yxm;jcif;rSm aemufjyvwHaom tzGiEihf wduqif Munf&efjzpfonf? aemufvnf; f h hf S k f kd h vufonf;uGi;twGi;Sd rl&if;ygVdwYkd ukd xkwjf yxm;jcif;rSm enf;wlyif jzpfonf/}} (ESm-77? rSw-2) (ESm-98? rSwf f f f 1-udkvnf; Munfh/) jrefrm jyefq&mwGif jyefq;vrf;a[mif;odYk rvduyJ todi;atmif jyefqxm;&m odYk Si;jyxm;\ kd kd kd k f S f kd f ]]yGg;aomoHa0*Svsuf}} [k twdtusjyefvQif ray:vGif rjywfom;vSaomaMumifh ]]oHa0*udk yGg;apvsuf}} [k d pum;toH;vJv, jyefxm;onf}}/ (ESm-307? rSw-4) (ESm-303? rSw-1/ ESm-304? rSw-1/ ESm-309? rSw-1 k S f f f f f ponfwYkd uvnf;Munf) ]]'dom0-\ teufjzpfonf/ xdwif wGm ypn;onf y"meBud,mESihf uwm;rwlaom kd h G k G f aMumifh [dwEihf vuPteufwYkd jzpfoif&mwGif um; vuPteufomvQif jzpfoif\? xdYk aMumifh jrif f S h h vwfaomfyifvQi-[k jyefoif&m om ay:vGiap&ef jrifvwfvQiyif-[kjyefonf? jrifrQjzifyifvQif vsipm f h f f Hk h f G edrwjf zpfay:onf-[k odap\/}} (ESm-534? rSw-1)/ d f teufre&a&;twGuf cufcpm jrefrmjyefq&aom ]]Oy[wH cwH}} (0do'd 1?5?4? aMumif;-25) ESihf ]],'wd S f J G kd k ,H blw}H } (0do'd 1?156? aMumif; 11) uJoYkd aom yk'rsm;udk jrefrmjyefq&mrl xdxusrf;*efwYkd Eihf nEi; k h f kd k kd S d dI f

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef usrf;OD;trSmpum;

wduqivsuf Snvsm;aom atmufajcrSwcsufrsm;jzifh Si;jyxm;ayonf/ (ESm-177? rSw-1ESihf ESm-498? rSwf k f kd f f f f f 1-wdkYudk Munfhyg/) jrefrmrjyefyJ ygVdtwdi;xm;rSom ydroifavsmfrnfjzpf ygVdtwdi; xm;&aom t&mwdYk ,if;wdYk \ k f k kd h k f t"dyg,fukd rSwcsufwif Si;jyxm;ayonf/ ]]rdpm-rSm;,Gi;aom + tmZD0-toufarG;rI - rdpmZD0 - rw&m;aom f G f f enf;vrf;jzifh ypn;Sm toufarG;rI}} (ESm-52? rSwf 1) ]]ygwdapmifaSmufoukd + armu - vTwapwwfonff h l f ygwdarmu - apmifaSmufoukd vGwapwwfaom oDv}} (ESm-56? rSw-1)/ h l f f #DumtzGiEitnD jyefqxm;aom teufrwyg; tjcm;oifavsmfaom teufwrsKd;udk BuHqjyefq&m hf S hf kd S h kd rSwcsufjzifh odYk Si;jyxm;\ - ]] yXrteufonf #DumwdYk zGijhf yaom teuf jzpfonf ]](,kwrmaom) f f f tvdonf aus;Zl;rJh ytyfaom}} [laom 'kw,teufum; aus;Zl;rJh yjcif;a[m Oyuw-yk'\ qefYusifbuftjzpf k d f jzifh jzpfoifaom teufjzpfonf/ rSeay\? Oyum&-aus;Zl;yjcif; tyum&-aus;Zl;rJh yjcif; [laom yk'wYdk uoYkd h f f hJ Oyuw - aus;Zl;ytyfonf tyuw - aus;Zl;rJh ytyfonf - [laom yk'teufwYkdonf jzpfoifue\? f h k f pmyuw [laomyk' ]]tvdu aus;Zl;rJh ywwfonf}} [lonfrm raumif; ywwfonf}} [lonfrm raumif; f k S S yjcif; tusK;rJh yjcif; ESypufjcif;yif jzpfonf? xdYk aMumifh t|uxm ]]Oy'Kw-ESypuftyfaom}} [k xyfqif d d f d f h zGijhf yxm;cJayonf/ #DumwdYk um; ,if;Oy'Kw - yk'ukd tmZD0[laom Oy'a0gjzifh ESypuftyfaom - [kzihf h f d f G jyxm;\/}} (ESm-81? rSw-3) (ESm-141? rSwf-2 ponf wdkYudkvnf; Munfh/) f S&if;ygXfjzifh oifavsmfaomteufukd r& jzpfoifh Soifaom ygXfukd BuHq&m odYk Si;jyxm;\-]] d h d h f teufonf ayg&maP-[k SaomygXfEihf ,if;\tzGi#umtm;avsmfpm jyeftyfaom teufjzpfonf? xdt&qdvQif d S hf D G k k y-'k-w-t&d,0Horsm;omvQif ayg&maPjzpf pwkw t&d,0Hoonf ayg&mPr jzpfouJoYkd \/ xdYk aMumifh h dS ayg&mP-t&m yk&ar-[k rlvygXf&if; Soifonfxif\? xdoYdk ygXfvQif aS;jzpfaom t&d,0Ho tusifh oH;yg; d d h k dS k taygif;-[laom pum;ESihf 4-ckajrmuf jzpfaom t&d,0Ho-[laompum;onf aS;aemufnwvsufSday\/}} D T f (ESm-181? rSw-1) (ESm-286? rSwf 1-ponfudkvnf;Munfhyg/) f oifavsmfaom teufu&Ediap&ef rlursm;ESihf nEi; yk'ukd okwoif&m odYk Si;jyxm;\-]] h kd k f JG d dI f f f f teufonf pwmVDowmed-[laom oD[Vrut& jyefqxm;jcif;jzpfonf? tSiom&dyw&m\ &[ef;0grSm 44 kd f l JG kd f k -0grQom SaomaMumifh yOpwmvDo0med-[laom ygXfum; roif/}} (ESm-133? rSwf-1) (ESm-77? rSw-1d h f ponfuvnf;Munf/) kd h ,ckvufdS 0do'r*ft|uxmtcsKdYr vdaeaom yk'ukd rSwcsufwif Tejf yxm;yHrm - ]]t&m0,f 0dok'd k d l k f f G k S r*f,ckvufdS pmud,tcsKdY cE,myk'vae\/ odYk aomf #Dum cE,mwd edZmeuE,m-[k zGijhf yxm;aomaMumifh k f d f kd d d xdy'f rkcsyif&rnf/ rdrtvdoufoufjzifh vufcvQifjzpfap? 'g,umwdYk ukd iJojzifh oH;aqmif&efvufcvQif k k dS d k H h k H jzpfap xdom,m vufcaomcP yHoul"wifysuonf-[k qdv\/ rdro;aqmif&ef r&nf,yJ 'g,um k H h k f k kd d kH G f wdYk ukd iJojzifh olwyg;tm; wqifv&ef&nf vufcvQif "kwifrysuf[k plV#Dum qdaMumif; jynfrl 0do'r*f h h H k k d ed, xkwjf yxm;\/}} (ESm-205? rSw-1) f vdaeaom 0gusudvnf; odYk Tejf yxm;\-]]vufonf;uGi; twGif;Sd pum;onf ygVdr vdaeaom k k f l dk aMumifh jznfpujf yaompum;jzpfonf/ pum;rSvQif odYk aomfvnf;-tpcsDaom aemuf *&[m0gus teuf h G d t"dyg,f acsmatmif, rjzpfEi/ xdYk aMumifh ygVdvnf; t&mwGif ]]{wmed p yO*ged udOmyd yuwd l kd f F pdwuaPyd Oypm&uaPyd tw}d } [k tjynftpHyifoif\/ ygVdynmSifwkdY txl;owdyMuygukef/}} (ESm-454? h k dS h rSw-1) f tcsKYd ae&m jrefrmjyefxm;aom pum;wvH; odYk r[kwpum;wcGe;\ t"dyg,fukd rSwcsuf odYk Si;jy k f f f f xm;\-]]a&m*gudk oH;oyfvsuf}} [lonfum; a&m*gjzpf jzpfaoma0'emudif;? 0g? a&m*g[laom a0'emudif; k k k a0'emudk y"meyoifojzifh <uif;aomemrfw&m; wdYk uif; kyw&m;wdYk uif; odr;qnf; 0dyemIvsuf ([k h kd f kd f qdv\)/ (#Dum) t|uxm#Dum pum;wkYd jzifh a&m*g[k qdtyfaom 'kua0'emudk Ivsuf t&[wzvf k kd k kd wdiatmif &EdiaMumif;udk NrJNrHpm rSwom;tyf\/}} (ESm-151? rSw-1) ]]Oy-tyempsmef\ teD; + pm&-jzpfaom k f k f G f f + orm"d-pdwwnfMunfjcif; - Oypm& orm"d-tyempsmef\ teD;jzpfaom pdwwnfMunfjcif;/ Ak'gEkwdtp f f "mwk00wmef tqH;Saom txufyg ur|mef; 10-yg;wdYk jzpfaom orm"donf tyempsmef\teD; rjzpfjim; k d

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef usrf;OD;trSmpum;

10

aomfvnf; eD0&PwdYk ukd uif;apjcif;tm;jzifh tyempsmef\ teD;jzpfaom Oypm&or"dEihf wlaomaMumifh Oypm& S orm"d rnfayonf/ (om"uudk tvdvQif r[m#Dum yXrwGJ 436- Munfyg/ wenf;um; Ak'gEkwd ponf k dS h udk yGg;aepOf jzpfay:vmaom yDwponfukd 0dyemI t&d,mr*f tyemorm"doYkda&mufEi\? xdoYkdjzpfvQif r*f d dk f k tyemorm"d\teD; jzpfonf[k qdEi\? xkYdaMumifh Oypm&orm"drnfonf-[lvnf; qdoif\/}} (ESm-271? k kd f k h rSw-1) twlyif q0gvmwrd0-olaoaumif zkwaom xif;ukvm;uJoYkd[aompum;\ t"dyg,fukd ESm-167? f f h l rSw-2 ? wum[w-BuHpnfrjI zifh xkEuovdk ESv;oGi;jcif;[laom pum;\ t"dyg,fukd ESm-381? rSw-1 ? f S f kH f f {um0Ze0Dxd emem0Ze0DxwYkd\ t"dyg,fukd ESm-423? rSwf-4 ESifh 424-rSw-1 wdYk ? a,0gyeu\ t"dyg,fudk d f ESm-500? rSw-1 ? {aum'd-\ t"dyg,fukd ESm-484? rSw-1 MunfEifygonf/ f f h I kd 0do'r*ft|uxm (y? ESm-137? aMumif;-13) ay#au 0kw-ay#u rnfaomusr; rdeYf qkd xm;ayonf k d H f -[k qdxm;&m ,if;ay#uusr;[lonf rnfonfusr; jzpfoifaMumif;udk odYk pdppfxm;\ - ]]tSifr[mupnf; k f h f h ax&fa[mxm;aom yd#uwfo;yHwYkd\ tzGiusr;onf ay#urnf\? xdk ay#uusr; - [k #Dum zGijhf yxm;\/ d kH k hf f f tvdtm;jzifh tSir[mupn;ax&f a[mxm;aomusrf;[k xifm;aeaom aewusrf;ESihf ay#aumya'o k f f S d usrf;wdYk wif wckcudk ay#u-ac:onf[k ,loifay\/ odYk aomf 0drwd0aem'eD rnfaom 0denf;#Dum (ESm-72) G k h d ay#uusr; [lonfum; r[mupn;ax&f ypD&ifxm;aom aewusr; enf;odYk tpOfvuaomusr;aywnf;/ f f d f kd f f ay#urnfyukd qufjytH?h xdusrf;onf yd#uoH;yHwYkd \tzGiusr; jzpfaomaMumifh ,if;udk ay#uusr;-[k ac: kH k k k hf f f qdcayonf/ xday#uusrf; um; ay#au - yk'\teufjzpfonf - [k zGijhf yxm;\/ xdtvdtm;jzifh ay#um k hJ k f k k ya'omusrf;udk ay#uusrf;ac:onf[k odtyfayonf/ odYk aomfvnf; ]]orm"donf umrpE\ qefYusizuf f wnf;/ y/ 0dpm&onf 0dpupm\ qefYusifzufwnf;}} [laom xdom"upum;udk ,ckvufdS aewusrf; ay#aum d d k d ya'ousrf;wkYd rawGY&/}} (ESm-436? rSw-2) f tcsKYd ae&m ygVdpum;vH;udk jrefrmpum;vH;ESihf vJv,jf yefqvuumrQjzifh bmomjyefqo\ wm0ef k k S kd kd f kd l raus>yefwwfao;ay? toifavsmq;[k ,lqum aG;cs,jf yefqxm;aom jrefrmpum;onfyif rl&if;ygVdpum;\ h f kH kd qdv&if;t"dyg,fukd twdtusvdurrSyJ Swwfao;\/ ,if;odYk aomt&m xdjk refrmpum;udk rnfonfh teuf k kd k f D d t"dyg,fjzifh bmomjyefqol oH;EIe;aMumif;udk Si;jy&efwm0efaeao;\/ jrefrmjyefusrf; tqdygwm0efrsKd;udk kd k f f dS k vnf; aus>yefatmif odYk xrf;aqmifxm;ayonf - ]] vIyfSm;jcif;-[lonfrm ysYH vijhf cif; rwnfNidrjf cif;udk S G qdvonfr[kw?f xdi;rIi; wGeYf qwjf cif;\ qefYusifzuf wufwuf <u<u vIyvyf GG oefoef pGr;pGr; jzpfjcif; k kd k f d f k f I f f udom qdvayonf/ xdYk aMumifh om&w'yeD#um (yXr? ESm-360) odYk jyqdxm;\ - ]]t&m 0dbuf\ k k kd D D k 0dyg& vIym;jcif;rnfonfrm xdi;rIi;jcif;-xderd'\ qefYusifzufjzpf tmk rwGeYf qwjf cif; rusKHYjcif;ay f S S k f d f H k wnf;/ odYk aomf ,if; rwGeYf qwjf cif; rusKHYjcif;onf tmkoYkd wifay;jcif; oabmtm;jzifh vIym;onfEihf wlay\? k H f S S xkYd aMumifh &nf,csuftm;jzifh pdw\ vIym;jcif; oabm[k qdayonf/}} (ESm-441? rSwf-1) G f f f S k pmIowYkd odoifoxuaom rSwom;zG,&m A[kowrsm;udvnf; rSwcsufwif odYk azmfjyxm;\/ l h d kd f f f k k f G ]]oroDoD &[Em[lonfum; (t&m) 0#f\OD;acgif; ZD0wa`EEihf udavom\ OD;acgif; t0dZm\ wydieuf d d S f uJoYkd tnDtrQ ukecef;jywfpom;aom &[Emaywnf;/ csJYjyOD;tH?h tMuify*Kd vftm; udavom\ OD;acgif;jzpf h f J G k aom t0dZmudk r*fav;yg;tpOfjzifh t&[wr*fu ukeap\? xdYk aemif 19 - Budrajrmuf ypa0uPmPfwnf f f b0ifoYkd oufvwfaomf 0#f\OD;acgif;jzpfaom ZD0wa`Eukd pkwpwu ukeap\? xdy*Kd vfukd (udavom\ d d d d f f k k OD;acgif;udk ukeapaom ypa0uPmESiwuG r*0x0g&ESihf 0#f\ OD;acgif;udk ukeapaom pkwpwf 0g&[laom) f hf D d f d d 0g&ESpck wlnonf\ tjzpfaMumifh oroDo[ qdtyf\/ xdrax&fonfvnf; xdtjcif;t&mjzifh y&deAmef f D D l k k k d pHawmfrav\/ xkYd aMumifh ]]oroDornfaom &[Emjzpf y&deAmef pHawmfrowwf}} [k rdeYf qayonf/ (#Dum) l D d l kd #Dum 19 - ckajrmuf ypa0uPmPf [laom pum;onf atmufr*fwYkd \ tjcm;rJjzpfaom ypuPmPf h 15 -ckygaygif; qdaom pum;jzpfonf/}} (ESm-117? rSw-1) twlyif e*&y&dum&rdY\ t&Htwm;wdYk ukd ESmk f 111? rSwf-2-? eD0&PoabmSdaom a'go Sd rSdudk ESm-517? rSw-2-? orxur|mef; tmkH 38-yg;,lyukd f kH ESm-540? rSw-2-? armae,s tusifukd ESm-292? rSwf 2-? wk0u tusiukd ESm-293? rSw-1- MunfI f h hf f h Edkifygonf/ or,E& usrf;rsm;rS t,ltqwdYk ukd azmfjyoifaom t&mwdYk ,if;wdYk ukd odYk azmfjyxm;ayonf-]] h yrmP[laom pum;onf avmuDusr;q&mwkYd tav;tjrwfyaompum; jzpfayonf/ rSeay\/ Esm,usrf; f f rSepm odjrif qH;jzwfEijf cif;\ taMumif;jzpfaom yrmPudk (1) ypu - rsujf rifu,awGY jzpfjcif;? (2) f G k kd kd f tEkrwd - tEkrme-rsujf rifEihf EIi;qjcif;? (3) Oyrme-yHwOyrm? (4) o'-cdivaom usrf;*eftqdpaom d S d f k l k f kH k

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef usrf;OD;trSmpum;

11

pum;-[l 4-yg; jyqdxm;avonf? t&m k usr;*efpum;[kqvkd \/ (ESm-232? rSwf-1)/ f kd

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228/ oH*g,emoH;wef wifxm;NyD;jzpfaom bk&m;a[m a'oemawmftaygif;udkif;? tSif k om&dyMk wm tpSaom rax&fjrwfwYkd >rwfqxm;aom a'oemtpOfuif; Munf d kd kd h I tSifr[dE trnfaom ynmSd rax&fjrwfonf oD[Vbmomjzifh pD&ifxm;cJaom oefYi; dS kd f h S f pifMu,faom oD[Vf t|uxmonf oD[V jzpfvsuf\/ kd kd f dS 230/ oifonf xduRef;odYk om; oD[Vt|uxmudk r*"wdi;om;wdYk \ (ygVd) bmomjzifh jyefqkd k G kd f k f avmh? xdygVdbmomjyef t|uxmonf wavmuvH;\tusKd;udk jzpfxe;apygvdrrnf}}/ k k G f hf 231/ txufygtwdi; tSia&0wrax&fu rdeYf qawmfrvwfaomf BuD;us,faomynmESihf jynfpkH k f f kd l h awmfrlaom xdktSiA'aCmoonf Munfvifivef; 0rf;ajrmufonfjzpf xdZrL'dyuRef; f k T f k f (tdE,Edii)rS xGucgcJ (tydi; azmfjyqJjzpfaom) r[memrrif;\ vufxuf d k f H f G h k f yifvQif oD[VuRef;odYk <ua&mufvmawmfrcayonf/ kd f l hJ 232/ tvH;pHk olawmfaumif;csnf;jzpfaom &[ef;awmfwkYd \ oDwif;oH;&m ausmif;wdujf zpfaom k k k r[m0d[m& ausmif;wduBf uD;okYd a&mufvmvwfaomf r[my"meC&ac: ur|mef;ausmif; k BuD;odYk oGm;NyD;vQif tSifoHCygv rax&fjrwfxH 233/ tvH;pHaom oD[Vt|uxmudif; ax&0g'udif; Mum;emoif,Nl yD;vQif ]]onfomvQif k k kd f k k jrwfpmbk&m;\ tvdawmfjzpfonf}}[k qH;jzwfcsufcsG k k 234/ xdr[m0d[m&ausmif;wdu oHCmawmfukd pnf;a0;NyD;vQif ]]t|uxmudk a&;om;pD&if&ef k k f tuREkytm; tvH;pHaomyd#uaypmwdYk ukd ay;Muyg}} [k avQmufawmif;av\/ (xdktcg) f f k k pnf;a0;vsuf Saom oHCmawmfu tSiA'aCmoudk pHprf;jcif;iSm d f k k 235/ oltm; *gxm 2-yk'uay;NyD;vQif *gxmwdYk oif\pGr;&nfukd jyOD;avmh? xda&;om;csuf f kd f k pGr;&nfukd MunfNI yD;vQif tvH;pHaom yd#uaypmwdYk ukd ay;uket-[k qd\/ f h k k f hH k 236/ tSiA'aCmoonf t|uxmESiwuG yd#uoH;yHukd oHCmawmfu ay;aom 2-*gxm f k hf k k omvQif tusOf;csKH;vsuf aygif;pk 0do'r*f rnfaomusrf;udk a&;om;pD&ifawmf rlavonf/ k d 237/ xdoYkd pD&ifNyD;aemuf tSiA'aCmonf bk&m;tvdawmf uRrf;usifvrmaom &[ef; k f k k d taygif; oHCmawmfukd pnf;a0;apNyD;vQif oHCrdwmax&Dr pduysK;cJaom r[maAm"dyif k f d h teD; xkd 0do'usrf;udk zwfap&ef tm;xkwf pDravonf/ k d H 238/ (xdktcg) ewfwdkYonf tSifAk'aCmo\ odrarGYxufjrufaom Pfpr;&nfrsm;udk rsm;pGm f G f aom vltaygif; xifm;jyjcif;iSg xd0o'r*faypmxkwukd uG,0u xm;uke\? S k d k d f f S f f tSiA'aCmoonfvnf; xd0o'r*fusrf;udk 2-Budrf 3-Budrwiwiyif xyfa&;om; f k k d k d f kd f dk f pD&ifjyefavonf/ 239/ oH;Budrajrmuf 0do'r*faypmdukd zwfap&ef xkwaqmifaomtcg ewfwYkd onf (,cifu k f k d f uG,0uxm;aom) tjcm;aypm 2-xkyuvnf; xdt&yf xm;avuke\/ f S f f kd k f 240/ &[ef;awmfwYkd onf 0do'r*fusrf; 3-apmifukd wydieuf Guzwfue\? xdoYkd Gwzwf k d f f k f k f aomtcg usrf;*ef ygVdtm;jzifaomfif; teuftm;jzifaomfif; aSYaemuf tpDtpOftm;jzifh h h aomfif; 241/ ax&0g'wdYk Eijhf zpfap? ygVdawmf 0guswdYk Eijhf zpfap uGvjJG cif;rnfonf usrf;oH;apmifv;wdYk S S J k kH yif rSonfomvQif jzpfayonf/ d

0dok'dr*f-ed'gef;

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aMumifh (xdtaMumif;jycsuf) roifonfomwnf;/ odYk r[kwf aeylaMumifjh zpfaom tyleOwkjzifh tyltavmifcH k h dS f &onfukd &nf G,qdonf jzpfygrlum; tdE,ajrmufyi;t&yfwYkd if; tvm;wlyif tvGeyjl yif;aom wjcm;EdiiH f k d kd f f k f t&yfa'owdYk if; aeyleaMumifjh zpfaom tyleOwkukd y,fazsmufjcif;iSg ouFe;udif; ausmif;tdy&mae&mudif; dS f dS f f k f k (&[ef;awmfwYkd) rS0o;aqmif&onf-[laom teufum; roifonf r[kway/ xdoYkd oifaomaMumifyif D J kH h f k h h (tSiA'aCmoonfyif a&;om;pD&ifcaom) 0denf;t|uxm (3-58) f k hJ ]](ausmif;u) tat; tyludk (y,fazsmufonf) [laompum;udk oabmrwlaom Owk\ tvdk tm;jzifh a[mawmfronf}}[k l zGiqxm;ayonf/ ( rD;yl[ rzGi?hf Owk tyl-[lom zGixm;onfukd owdyyg)/ hf kd l hf odYk aomf 0do'r*f jyxm;aom xdy'\tzGirm okwetzGihf aS;t|uxma[mif;wdYk rS vmaom tzGihf k d k k f hf S f jzpfwef&m\/ xdoYdk jzpfoifyukd xifm;jy&vQif...rlvyPmo t|uxm oAmo0okwf tzGihf (1-58) ]]tylk h kH S [l&m rD;tyluomvQif odtyf\/ xkwjf ycJaom 0wKrSmrl aeyl\tpGr;tm;jzifh qdxm;ayonf}}[k rdeYf qxm; kd h f k kd \/ rdeYf qcsufonf tSiA'aCmo\ twaemrwd (rdr\tvd)jzifh qdxm;onf jzpfjim;tH?h jyqdxm;aom kd f k d k k k aeylEihf pyfaom 0wKudk aS;t|uxm qdxm;aMumif;udif;? rD;tyl[aom xdteuftzGirm rdrtvdrQ S k k l k hf S d jzpfaMumif;udif;? xdrrtzGiomvQif toif,wd SaMumif;udif; jyqdc&m\? rSeay\-tSiA'aCmo k k d d hf h k d k k Jh f f k q&mawmfonf t|uxm a[mif;wdYk wif rqdaom teufukd txl;y jyaom t&m|mewdi;wdYk xkoYkd aom G k k f d oufao om"u odapaMumif; ,kwukd jyonfomvQifwnf;? tb,fuoYkd enf;[lrl ... oDvuef t|uxm (1d hJ 72) ]]rkom0g't&m}} apcdkif; jcif; ypfvijhf cif; xm0&wnfapjcif;[laom vdrvnfrI ya,m*wdYk onfvnf; T f oifyguke\? odYk aomf t|uxma[mif;wdYk rvmaomaMumifh pl;prf;qifjcif ,loifonf}}[k qdaom pum; h f h k uJoYkd if;? rlvyPmot|uxm (1-30) ]]t&mudk aS;q&mwdYk u rpdppfcyg? qdvwHaom pum;rSm h hJ k h twaemrwd (rdr\tvd) rQjzpfygonf}} [k qdaom pum;uJoYkd if; rSw,oifygonf/ odYk aomf t&mrl d k k h f l h odapaMumif;jzpfaom om"upum;udk wpHw&mrQ rjycJay/ xdYk aMumifh ]]tylukd [lonfum; rD;tylukd ([kqv\}}) k h kd kd [lif;? ]]tylu[&m rD;tyluomvQif odtyf\}} [lif; qdkaom tzGipum; 2-&yfukd okwet|uxm kd l kd hf f a[mif;wdYk \ tzGipum;[l odtyfayonf/ wGif ajzSi;csufw&yf NyD;\/ hf f (C) xkYd jyifvnf; xd"rmeEu ]]rlvyPmot|uxm a*gygvuokwukd zGiaomf Ak'aCmoonf k f hf rm*"wdi;ESihf 0da'[wdi;wdYk \ tMum;wGif **Fgjrpf\tv,f aomifue; uRef;i,frsm; Sonf[k ,HMk unf[ef k f k f k f d wl\? odYk aomf Ak'aCmo awGYjrifb;aom **Fgjrpfrm oD[Vu ra[ma0vd**FgjrpfomvQif jzpfonf? tdE, l S kd f d Ediiom;wdYk u trGetjrwf[k todtrSwf yxm;aom **FgjrpfBuD; r[kwaMumif; xifm;vSayonf}}[l pwkw k f H f f S taMumif;udk jyjyef\/ xdtaMumif;jycsufrmrl ,ckacwf **FgjrpfBuD;tv,fwif xdt&yfXme xdoYkd aom k S G k k aomifue;uRef;i,fukd rawGY&aomaMumifh ]]xdow jyxm;aom EGm;ausmif;orm;vufxuf aS;acwfuvnf; k f k k f ,ck rsujf riftwdi;yif jzpfwef&monf}}[k wxpfcs, pGypajymqdaom pum;rQom jzpfonf/ jrpfwYkd k f l f JG k rnfonfum; tcgcyfor;yif xdwrsKd;wnf;aom tjcif;t&mjzifh wnfaeMuonf[k r,lqEdiaMumif; xifm;vS d f k k f S ygonf? odYk jzpf xdow jyxm;aom EGm;ausmif;orm;\vufxuf aS;acwfumvwke;u xdt&yfXme **Fg k k f f k jrpfBuD;tv,fwif EGm;rsm; acw&yfem;aeEdiaom xdoYkd aom uRef;i,frsm;Sconfom jzpfue&m\/ xkdodkY SdcJh G k f k d hJ k f bl;onfh twdi;omvQif aS;u|uxma[mif;wdYk (**Fgjrpftv,fwif uRef;i,frsm;Sonf [laom) xdteufukd k f G d k zGijhf ycJonf[if;? xdt|uxm a[mif; tzGipum;udomvQif tSiA'aCmo q&mawmfu ygVdbmomjyef h l k hf k f k jyxm;onf [lif; odYk omvQif rSw,oifygonf/ xdYk aMumifh xdpwkwtaMumif;jycsufonfvnf; oifavsmf f l h k h aom taMumif;r[kwonf omwnf;/ wGif ajzSi;csufw&yf NyD;\/ f f

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uAsmusrf;jzifh pdppfjcif;
(4) xdYk jyifvnf; "rmeEu odYk qdjk yefao;\ - ]]Ak'aCmoonf &mr,Pusr; r[mbm&wusr;[k f f ac:aom r[muAsmusr;BuD;wdYk aumif;aumif;uRr;usi[ef rwlay? odYk aomfvnf; xdusr;wdYk ukd jyao;\? jyyHk f f f k f rSm-tume [lonfum; bm&wrif;wdYk \ ppfx;jcif; ponfukd ajymqdaomyGwnf;? if;udk ajymqd&mt&yfoYkd kd k J k oGm;&efaomfvnf; (&[ef;wdYk tm;) rtyf[if; xd(oryvmy)\ t*FgwdYk rm bm&wrif;wdYk \ ppfx;jcif; oDwm l k S dk a'0Dukd aqmifjcif;tpSaom tusKd;rJpum;udk aS;Ijcif;ESihf xdoYkd oabmSaompum;udk ajymqdjk cif;[l ESpyg; d h k d f tjym;Sue\ [lif; jyxm;ao;\}} [k (qdjk yefao;\)/ d k f xdpum;rSmrl ,cif pum;wkYd xufyif om taMumif;rJh jzpfao;\? oufouf rkraoyjcif;rQomjzpf k d \/ rSeay\-tvGeeufeaom teufaom tav;ytyfaom yd#uoH;yH\ teuftzGihf t|uxm tusKd;rSd f f J dS k k aom oryvmypum; taygif;tpkrQom jzpfaom uAsmusrf;udk tus,fjyojzifh tb,ftusKd;Stenf;? pifppftm; d hH jzifh (xdoYkd jycJvQif) xdt|uxmonfomvQif ynmSwYkd tav;tjrwf rytyfonfif; tktao rytyfonf k h k d d if; jzpfav&m\? wGif ajzSi;csufw&yf NyD;\/ f

tMum;tjrifrsm;jcif;*kPfudk acszsufjcif;
(5) xdYk jyifvnf; "rmeEonf tSiA'aCmo q&mawmf\ tMum;tjrifrsm;jcif;*kPukd acszsufv f k f kd odYk qdjk yefao;\ .... ol\ (Ak'aCmo\) t,lwyg; uRrf;usifjcif;[k qdtyfaom tMum;tjrif A[kow k k onf ,ck acwfwif *EE&[kac:aom bmomwGJ t,luJG usrf;*efwYkd wwfuRrf;aom oD[Vom; &[ef;wdYk \ G kd f A[kowxuf romvGeay? odYk r[kwf c&pfou&mZf wq,fwpf&mpkEpf (1001-1100) ay:xGe;cJueaom k f h S f h k f tdE,awmif ydi;om; jzpfueaom tEk 'grax&f "rygvrax&f tpSaom &[ef;wdYk \ A[kowxufvnf; d k f k f k d k romvGeay[k (qdjk yefao;\)/ f xdpum;rSmrl tcsi;cyfor; roifavsmaom pum;omvQijf zpf\/ taMumif;rlum; tu,f ,ckacwf k f d f h f oD[Vom &[ef;wdYk jzpfap aS;acwfu tEk'grax&f "rygvrax&ftpSaom &[ef;wdYk jzpfap t,lwyg; kd f k d tMum;tjrif rsm;jcif;tm;jzifh tSiA'aCmo q&mawmfEihf wlnueonfif;? odYk r[kwf tSiA'aCmo f k S D k f f k q&mawmfxuf omvGeueonfif; jzpfuejf im;tH?h odYk jzpfvQif if;wdYk onf tSiA'aCmo q&mawmf\ f k f k f k t|uxmwdYk jzifh tm;r& rauseyfueonf jzpf xdYk xuf aumif;rGejf ynfpaom t|uxmopfwYkdukd a&;om; k f h kH pD&ifavuke&m\? odYk aomfvnf; if;wdYk onf xdoYkd a&;om; pD&ifjcif;udk ryMuuke?f ryMukrQomr[kwao;? f k H f pifppfaomfum; xdo[Vom; &[ef;ESihf tSitEk'g ponfwYkd wif wOD;wa,mufrQvnf; ]]igonf Ak'aCmoESifh k D kd f f k G tMum;tjrif rsm;jcif;tm;jzifh wlnonf[if; igu omvGeonf[if; rajymqday? pifppfaomfum; D l f l k if;wdYk onf tSiA'aCmo q&mawmf\ t|uxmwdYk uyifvQif (#Dum vufoef;t|uxmwdYk jzif) zGijhf yuke\? f k kd h f axmufcvnf; axmufcue\? q&m\t&mvnf; wifxm;uke\/ xkYd aMumifh "rmeE\ xdpum;udk H H k f f k tcsif;cyfor; roifavsmfaom pum;[k odtyf\/ wGif ajzSi;csufw&yfNyD;\/ d f h f (6) "reEonf jyNyD;cJaom pGypjJG cif; Iwcsjcif;rQjzifh tm;r&ao;onfjzpf tSir[mAk'aCmo h f f f q&mawmfukd rxDrjhJ rifyvsuf wzefodYk qdjk yefao;\ .... ]]r[m,me*dP;\ y"meq&mawmf jzpfueaom k f k f taCmoESihf em*ZKewdYk \ enf;ed,udk Ak'aCmo od[efrwl? if;wdYk \ trnfrQudaomfvnf; od[ef k rwlay}}[k (qdjk yefao;\)/ xdpum;onfum; tvGeyifvQif w&m;rJaompum; tusK;rJzEyaom pum;rQomvQif k f h d h d dS f jzpfonf/ rSeay\-*dP;wyg;0if yk*Kd vfwYkd \ 0g'enf;wdYk ukd rdr\ t|uxm rjyjcif;aMumifh xdt|uxm f k f d k q&mudk xd0g'enf;wdYk ukd rod[ rqdoifh rqdxuay/ tSiA'aCmo q&mawmfonf okwt|uxmwdYk wif k l k k kd f f k f G *Em&r ac:aom usrf;OD;pum;yifvQif atmufygtwdi; 0efc pD&ifconf r[kwygavm/ k f H hJ f ]]tSifr[muy tpSdaomrax&fwdkY\ tEG,tqufujkd ywwfaom qDr;wefaqmifozG,f f D jzpfueaom tvGeorarGYaom tqH;tjzwfueaom r[m0d[m& ausmif;wdu oDwif; k f f d f k dS k f k f

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oH;aeavh Sueaom rax&fwYkd \t,lukd rqefYusifaprl (teufukd zGijhf yaytH)}} [lif; k d k f h 0do'r*fusrf;vnf; atmufygtwdi; 0efc pD&ifconf r[kwygavm/ k d k f H hJ f ]]r[m0d[m&0goD rax&fwYkd \a[menf; oifMum;enf;udrDS (jyvwH)aom 0do'r*fukd k h k d qdkaytHh}} [lif; ]]xdky#dporkyg,fygVd\ teuftzGit|uxmudk ypD&ifaom q&monf cGjJ cm;a0bef hf qdavhaom (0dbZ0g'D) yk*Kd vftaygif;odYk ouf0ifNyD;vQif aS;q&mwdYk ukd rpGypr rdr*P; k dS f JG l d kd f t,lukd rausmfver olwyg*dP;t,lukd (tjypfwif&ef vufc&ef) tm;rxkwr okwf G f l k f H f l w&m;awmfukd rwm;jrpfr 0denf;udk avsmfapvsuf r[mya'owdYk ukd Munfvsuf a'oemygVd l h I udjk yvsuf teufukd odr;oGi;vsuf xdteufuyifvQif wzefvv, wyg;aom y&d,m,f f f k kd J S f a0g[m& txl;wdYk jzifh jyvsuf teuftzGihf t|uxmudk ytyf yoifh yxduonf}} [lif; k f ]]trsKd;rsKd;aom a'oemenf;wdYk jzifh wefqmqiftyfaom (jrwfpmbk&m;\ pum;awmfwnf;[l G aom) omoemawmfonfif; aS;q&mwdYk \ a[mjyydYk csaom a'oemtpOfonfif; rjywf rpJ jzpfvsufao;\? xdYk aMumifh xdEpyg;pHukd trSD y y#dporkyg'f\ teuftzGiukd dS k S f k hf tm;xkwfaytHh}} [kif; 0efcNH yD;vQif xd0efconftwdi;yifvQif t|uxmwdYk ukd a&;om;pD&ifconf r[kwygavm/ odYk t|uxmwdYk ukd k H h k f hJ f ypD&if&m ypD&ifjcif;\taMumif;udvnf; t&m azmfjyoifao;\? xdYk aMumifh ,cktcg xdtaMumif;udk k h k azmfjy&eftwGuf jrwfpmbk&m; y&deAmefpawmfraom umvrSp tSiA'aCmo q&mawmf\ acwfumv G d H l f k wdiatmif omoemawmf oufqif;vmyHk tpOftqufuvnf; jyqkueO;tH/ k f kd d k f D h

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jrwfpmbk&m; y&deAmefyaomumvrS aemuftESpw&mtwGi; bk&m;omoemawmfwif 0g'uGjJ ym;jcif; G d f f G rnfonf wpHwckrQ rScay/ tESpw&majrmufumvrlum; 'kw,oH*g,emwif rax&fwYkd u ESixwvuaom k d hJ f d f k f kd f 0Zwi;om; &[ef;wdYk onf toif;tyif;udk &uke w&m;awmfuif; 0denf;awmfuif; wrsKd;wrnfyuke D kd f f kd kd f r[mo*wd [laom trnfjzifh toD;tjcm; oH*g,em wifMuavuke\/ xdtcg yXr 'kw, oH*g,em f k d ESpwefwif xm;aom aS;a[mif;w&m;awmfEihf 0denf;awmfuomvQif vufcaom rax&f taygif;udk ax&0g' f S kd H *dkPf;[lif; xdkrSwyg;aom rax&ftaygif;udk r[moCu*dP; [lif; ac:Mu\/ k f wzef r[moCu*dP;rS (1) a*gulvu*dP; (2) {uaAsm[m&du*dP; [l ESp*P; uGvmjyefonf/ k f d k f k f f kd f J wzef a*gulvu*dP;rSvnf; (3) ynw0g'*dP; (4) Am[kvu*dP; (odYk r[kwf A[kkwdu*dkPf;) [l ESpf d k f d k f d k f *dP;uGvmjyefonf/ wzef Am[kvu*dP;rSvnf; (5) apwd,0g'D *dP; uGxuvmjyefonf/ odYk vQif rlv&if; k f J d k f k f J G f r[moCu *dP;ESiwuG *dP;uGwYkd onf toD;tjcm; 6-*dP; jzpfavuke\/ k f hf k f J k f f pifMu,faom ax&0g'*dP;rSvnf; (1) r[domou*dP; (2) 0Zywu*kP; [l ESp*P;uGvmjyef k f k f D k d f f kd f J onf/ wzef r[domou *dP;rSvnf; (3) oAw0g'*dP; (4) "r*w*P; [l ESp*P;uGvmjyefonf/ wzef k f d k f k d kd f f kd f J oAw0g'*dP;rSvnf; (5) uyd,*dkPf; uGxuvmonf? xd*P;rSvnf; (6) ouFEu*dP; uGxuvmjyef d k f J G f k kd f d k f J G f onf/ xd*P;rSvnf; (7) okw0g'D*P; uGxuvmjyefonf/ 0Zywu *dP;rSvnf; (8) "armw&,*dP; (9) k kd f kd f J G f D k k f d k f b',medu*dP; (10) qE*g&du*dP; (11) orw,*dP; [l av;*dP;uGvmjyefonf/ odYk vQif rlv&if; k f k f d d k f k f J pifMu,faom ax&0g'*dP;ESihf wuGqvQif if;wdYk onf wq,fEpyg;aom *dP;wdYk jzpfavuke\/ aS; k f kd h S f k f f r[moCu ajcmuf*P;ESiwuGqvQif *dP;BuD; wq,fpyg;wdYk jzpfue\/ if;wdYk rm omoemESpf w&majrmuf kd f hf kd k f h S f k f S 'kw, oH*g,emESihf omoemESpf 235-ESpajrmuf wwd, oH*g,emwifwYkd \ tMum;umv jzpfay:vmaom d f *dP;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ k f xdk wq,fpyg;aom *dP;wdYk wif rlv&if;jzpfaom ax&0g'*dP;onfomvQif aS;a[mif;jzpfaom h S f k f G k f "r0de,udk tav;yvsuf r,kwrvGef vH;0jynfpkH pifMu,faom yXroH*g,emrS qif;oufvmonfh aS;a[mif; f k h

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0dok'dr*f-ed'gef;

37

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0dok'dr*fusrf;udk pD&ifawmfrljcif;
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&nfG,fcsuftusKd;
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0dok'dr*f-ed'gef;

38

rSeuefpm rodueaom a,m*DwYkdonf (omoemawmf) pifMu,faom edAmefukd f G k f tvdMdS u tm;xkwygukeaomfvnf; pifMu,faom edAmefukd r&yJ Saeuke\/ k f f d f xdoYkdaom a,m*DwYkdtm; ESporhf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;udk jzpfapEdiaom aumif;pGm pifMu,f k f d k f onfh tqH;tjzwfwYkd Eihf jynfpaom r[m0d[m&0goD rax&fjrwfwYkd \ a[menf; k S h kH (oifMum;enf;) udk rS (jyvwH) aom/ D h 0do'r*f (edAmef a&mufaMumif; tusif;vrf;) udk qdaytH?h pifMu,faom edAmefukd tvkdS k d k d ukeaom tvH;pHaom oifoawmfaumif;wdYk onf kaopGm qdvwHaom ig\ xdk f k k l d k h (0do'r*f) udk (kaopGm) em,lrwom; ygukeavmh}} (ESm-10) [l k d d S f f jzpfayonf/ xdYk aMumifh 0do'r*fusrf;udk 0do'[k ac:aom edAmefukd tvdueaom olawmfaumif; taygif;wdYk \ k d k d k dS k f oDv orm"d ynm [kqtyfaom (0do'r*f) edAmefa&mufaMumif; tusifvrf;udk rSeuefpmodjcif;tusKd;iSg &nf,f kd k d h f G G ypD&ifayonf[k jy"mef;aom tusKd;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh odtyf\/ rjy"mef;aom tusKd;\ tpGr;tm;jzifrum; f f h l av;yg;aom edum,f t|uxmwdYk usrf;usOf;jcif; [laom ayghyg;jcif; tusKd;iSmvnf; &nf, ypD&ifonf[k G f odtyfay\/ xkYd aMumifh edum,f t|uxm wdYk atmufyg*gxmudk rdeYf qawmfr\/ kd l ]]0do'r*fusrf;onf edum,fav;&yfwYkd \ tv,fwnfvsuf xdeum,fav;&yfwYkd a[mxm; k d k d wdi;aom teufukd jyayvwH}h } [k &nf,ajrmvifomvQif xd0o'r*fusrf;udk iga&;om;pD&if k f G f f h k d k d cJNh yD/}}

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0dok'dr*f-ed'gef;

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]]Ak'aCmo[k q&m OyZm,fwYkd u rSw,xm; (rSnxm;)aom bGYJ trnfaom rax&fonf f l hf dS a&;om;wDxif pD&iftyfaom tvH;pHaom tbd"rmyd#u\ t|uxmonf (wnfNrJwnfwhH G k k ygapownf;)}} [lif;/ rdeYf qxm;ayonf/ kd ,ckacwf tcsKdYrax&fwYdk onfum; ]]tbd"rm t|uxmwdYk ukd tSiA'aCmo q&mawmfu awmif;yefaom f k aMumifh tSifoHCygv? tSifAk'rdw? tSifaZmwdygv tpSdaom rax&fwYkd wif wyg;yg;aom rax&fu ypD&if G avonf}}[k qdue\/ atmufygrSm xdk q&mwdYk \ pdppf qifjcifyaywnf;/ k k f kH t|omvdeD t|uxm oarm[0daem'eD t|uxmwdYk ]]if;wdYk ukd Ak'aCmo awmif;yef aomaMumifh ypk pD&ifonf[k usr;yq&mud,wiyif rdeYf qxm;\/ xdYk aMumifh xdt|uxmwdUk udk ypD&ifaom yk*Kd vfonf tSiA' f k f kd f kd k f k aCmorS tjcm;yk*Kd vfjzpfonf? tSiA'aCmo q&mawmfonfum; xdk t|uxmwkYd awmif;yefaom yk*Kd vfom f k jzpfonf}} [k odtyf\/ rSeay\-edum,f t|uxmwdYk tSiA'aCmo q&mawmfonf .... f f k ]]oDvudk jyqdaom pum;udif; "kwiftusifwYkd uif; tvH;pHaom ur|mef;udif;/y/ tvH;pHk k k h kd k k k k udrl 0do'r*fusr; igonf jynfppifMu,fpm qdtyfcjhJ yD? xkYd aMumifh xdtvH;pHukd t|uxm k k d f h kH G k k k k tydktvGefxyf rpdppfukefawmhtHh}}[k.... odYk oDvudk jyqdaompum; ponfwYkdukd rdru,wiyifvQif 0do'r*fusr; qdcNhJ yD;jzpfaMumif;udk r,m-ig k d dk f kd f k d f k onf [laom yk'jf zifh jyxm;ay\/ t|omvdeDusrf;um; ...... ]]tvH;pHaom ur|mef;wdYk uif;? pkuf tbdnmOf wdYk uif;? 0dyemudif; tvH;pHukd 0do'd k k kd d kd k k k k r*fusrf; jyxm;tyfNyD}}[k odkY r,m-igonf [laom uwm;yk'f rygyJ rdeYf qxm;\/ xkYd aMumifvnf; ]]0do'r*fusrf;udk pD&ifoum; wjcm; kd h k d l yk*Kd vfwnf;? tbd"rm t|uxmwdYk ukd pD&ifoum; wjcm; yk*Kd vfwnf;}} [k odtyfay\/ tbd"rm t|uxmwdYk l awmif;yefol tbd,mpu jzpfaom Ak'aCmoudk bduK em-&[ef;onf [lif;? ,wdem-&[ef;onf [lif;? omrn*kPy'wYdk jzifomvQif qd axa&e-rax&fonf[k kaojcif;ESihf wuGjzpfaom *kPy'jf zifh rqdonf f k f h k d f k k um; rSeay\? odYk aomfvnf; xdA'aCmoudk ]]pifMu,faom 0g&dwov pm&dwovESihf jynfpaom odrarGY f k k D D h kH f tnpftaMu;uif;onfh PfynmESihf jynfpaom}} [lif;? ]]rEkYH aES;yJ vsifjrefaom Pf\ oGm;jcif;Saom h kH d aumif;aom PfynmESihf jynfpaom}} [lif; vGeuaom *kPy'wYkd jzifh csD;rGr;xm;aomaMumifh 0do'r*f h kH f J f k f f k d paom t|uxmwdUk udk ypD&ifaom tSiA'aCmo q&mawmfyif jzpfonf[k ,lEiay\/ rSeay\? xdktSifAk' f k kd f f aCmoonf yOi;jzpfaom umvrSpyifvQif usrf;*efwYkd uRrf;usifvrm y&d,wd 0dom&'*kPEihf jynfpay\? f d f S h kH xkpOfumvvnf; q,f0grjynfao;onfjzpf&m\? xkYd aMumifh ]]axa&e-rax&fonf}}[k rqdavonf}}[l ,lEdkif d h k ay\/ onfum; xdk ({uap) tcsKdYq&mwdYk \ pdppfqifjcifyaywnf;/ kH xdk ({uap) tcsKdYq&mwdYk \ pdppfcsufonfum; tvGetuRH pdppfjcif;rQomjzpfonf/ rSeay\-tSifAk' f f aCmorax&fukd ]]xdpOfumv q,f0grjynfao;}}[k r,lEiyg? tb,faMumifqaomf 0do'r*fusr;\ ed*;yif k h kd f h h kd k d f kH vQif ]]Ak'aCmo[k q&mOyZm,fwYkd u rSw,xm; (rSnxm;) aom bGYJ trnfaom rax&fonf}}[k qdxm;aom f l hf dS k aMumifaywnf;/ xkYd jyif ]]pifMu,faom pm&dwov 0g&dwovESihf jynfpaom odrarGY tnpftaMu;uif;onfh h D D h kH f PfynmESihf jynfpaom}} [lif; ]]rEkYaES;yJ vsifjrefaomPf\ oGm;jcif;Saom aumif;aomPfynmESihf jynfh h kH H d pHaom}} [lif; rQavmufomvQif jzpfaom ESpcEpcaom *kPy'wYdk Eihf csD;rGr;jcif;jzifh aumif;pGm csD;rGr;tyf k f k S f k f k f S f f onf rrnfyg? pifppfaomfum; ]]yd;pke;MuL;\ ta&mifukd y,fazsmufEiaom aerif;onf xGuay:\}}[k csD;usL; k f kd f f ouJoYkd yif jzpfayonf/ tSiA'aCmo q&mawmfonf rdr\ t|uxmusrf; ed*;wdYk h f k d kH ]]tvGepifMu,faom o'g ynm 0D&,wdYk jzifh wefqmqiftyfaom 0g&dwov f d D pm&dwov ajzmifrwfjcif; El;nHjh cif; tpSaom *kPtaygif;wkdY\ pka0;&mjzpfaom rdrt,l D h d f d ESihf *dP;wyg; t,lwnf;[laom awmIy ouf0ifjcif;iSg pGr;Ediaom ynm\ xufjruf k f f f k f jcif;ESihf jynfpaom t|uxmESihf wuG yd#uoH;yH[aom y&d,wfusrf;*ef txl;tjym;Saom h kH k k l d

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jzpf\? ,xmblwPftjrifonf NiD;aiGYjcif; (edA'g) tusKd;iSg jzpf\? NiD;aiGYjcif;onf 0d&m*ac: wyfrufuif;aom d r*ftusKd;iSg jzpf\? 0d&m*onf 0drwac: vGwajrmufaom t&[wzvtusKd;iSg jzpf\? 0drwonf vGwajrmuf k d f kd f k d f onfukd jyefvn qifjcifaom 0drwPf tjriftusKd;iSgjzpf\? 0drwPftjrifonf tpGtvrf;uif; S hf k d k d J qif;&Jcyfor; Nidr;jcif; (y&deAmef0ifpjH cif;) tusK;iSg jzpf\? tpGtvrf;uif;vsuf pdw\ tMuifvwajrmufjcif; d f f d d J f G f (0darmu)onf S\? (0denf;ud) ajymqdjk cif;onf vGwajrmufjcif; (0darmu) tusKd;S\? (0denf;ud) aqG;aEG; d k f d k pdppfjcif;onf vGwajrmufjcif;tusKd;S\? (0denf;udk apmifpnf;jcif;tpSaom) taMumif; tqufqufonf f d h d vGwajrmufjcif; tusKd;S\? (0denf;ud) emMum;jcif;onf vGwajrmufjcif; tusKd;S\}}[k a[mawmfr\/ f d k f d l avmukw&moDvonf b0rS vGwajrmufjcif;udk aqmifwwf\? jyefvn qifjcifaom ypa0uPPf f S hf \ jzpf&mbHk tmkvnf; jzpf\/ odYk vQif avmuDov avmukw&moDv tm;jzifh 2-yg; tjym;Sd\/ H D 12/ wduwYkd wif yXrwdu ,kwnaom qEjzifaomfif;? pdwjf zifaomfif;? 0D&,jzifaomfif;? (0Dro) f G f f Hh h h d h H ynmjzifaomfif; jzpfap(tyf)aom oDvonf [De (,kwnaom) oDvrnf\/ tv,ftvwfjzpfaom qE h f Hh ponfwYdkjzifh jzpfap (tyf)aom oDvonf rZdr (tv,ftvwf) oDv rnf\/ jrwfaomqE ponfwYdkjzifjh zpfap (tyf)aom oDvonf yPDw (jrwfaom) oDvrnf\/ wenf;um;-tNcHt&H tausmftapmudk tvdojzifh k dS aqmufwnfaom oDvonf [De rnf\/ aumif;rI\ tusKd;udk tvdojzifh aqmufwnfaom oDvonf rZdr k dS rnf\/ ]]oDvapmifo;rIukd yoifonfomwnf;}}[k pifMu,fonf\tjzpf (pifMu,fjcif;)udk rS aqmufwnf h kH h D aom oDvonf yPDw rnf\/ wenf;um;-]]igonf oDvESihf jynfp\? aumif;aom tusif\? tjcm;aom h kH h dS &[ef;wkYd onfum; oDvrSue?f ,kwrmaom tusifue\}}[k odYk rdru,ukd csD;ajrmufjcif; olwyg;wkYd ukd d k f h dS k f d kd f Icsjcif; ponfwYdkjzifh npf;aom oDvonf [De rnf\/ xkuoYkd rnpf;aom avmuDovonf rZdr rnf\/ l d hJ l D avmukw&moDvonf yPDw rnf\/ wenf;um;-wPSm\ tpGr;jzifh b0orwd abm*orwd tvdYk ig jzpfap f S (tyf)aom oDvonf [De rnf\/ rdrd\ oHo&mrS vGwajrmufjcif; tusK;iSgjzpfap (tyf)aom oDvonf rZdr f d rnf\/ tvH;pHaom ow0gwkYd \ vGwajrmufjcif; tusKd;iSgjzpfap (tyf)aom yg&rdwm (bk&m;tavmif;awmf k k f wkYd \ yg&rDawmf) oDv onf yPDw rnf\/ odkYvQif [DeoDv rZdroDv yPDwoDvtm;jzifh 3-yg; tjym; Sd\/ 14 'kw,wdu rdrEihf ravsmfuefaom raumif;rIukd y,fvojzifh rdru,ukd tav;y rdr kao d f d S kd d kd f d d av;pm;aomtm;jzifh jzpfap(tyf)aom oDvonf twm"dyaw,soDv rnf\/ avmu(vltaygif;)\ uJ&UJ jcif;udk aSmifvojzifh avmuudk tav;y avmu kaoav;pm;aom tm;jzifjh zpfap(tyf)aom h kd d oDvonf avmum "dyaw,sov rnf\/ w&m;\ jrwfonf\ tjzpfukd ylaZmvkojzifh w&m;udk D d tav;y w&m; kaoav;pm;aomtm;jzifjh zpfap (tyf)aom oDvonf "rm"dyaw,sov rnf\/ d D odYk vQif twm"dyaw,soDv tpSaom tm;jzifh 3-yg; tjym;Sd\/ d wwd,wdu 'kuwYdk edwoDv[k qkcaom oDvonf wPSm'd|wYdk jzifh rSm;,Gi;pGm oH;oyf (tyf) f f d d hJ d f k aomaMumifh y&mr|oDvrnf\/ uvsmPykxZOf yk*Kd vf\ r*f\taMumif; taqmuftOD jzpfaom oDvonfif; k aouy*Kd vfwYdk \ r*fEihf ,SOaom oDvonfif; ty&mr|oDv rnf\/ aouy*Kd vf taouy*Kd vfwYdk \ zkvEihf k S f k k d f S ,SOaom oDvonf y#dy' (wzefNidr;apaom) oDv rnf\/ odkYvQif ty&mr|oDv ponftm;jzifh 3-yg; f f tjym;Sd\/ pwkwwu tmywfroifaprl jznfusifh (tyf)aom oDvonfif;? tmywfoifvQifrvnf; (a'oem d f h h h l ajymMum;jcif; ponfjzif) ukpm;(tyf)NyD;aom oDvonfif; 0do'(pifMu,faom) oDvrnf\/ tmywfoifNh yD;aom h k &[ef;\ rukpm;&ao;aom oDvonf t0do' (rpifMu,faom) oDv rnf\/ (vGeusL;rdaom) 0wKaomfif;? k f tmywfaomfif;? vGeusL;rIaomfif; ,Hrm;Saom &[ef;\ oDvonf a0rwdu (,Hrm;Saom) oDv rnf\/ f k S d k S d xdwif a,m*D&[ef;onf rpifMu,faom oDvudk pifMu,fatmif okwoiftyf\? (tyf rtyf) ,Hrm;oHo, k G f k S jzpfvwfaomf 0wK vGeusL;jcif;udk ryrl ,Hrm;oHo,udk y,fazsmuftyf\? odYk yvQif xd&[ef;tm; (psmef f k S k ponfu&&ef) csrf;omaomtusifh jzpfygvwH?h odYk vQif 0do'ovponftm;jzifh 3-yg; tjym;Sd\/ kd k D yOrwdu av;yg;aom t&d,mr*fwYdk Eiif;? oH;yg;aom (atmuf)omrnzdvf wkYd Eiif; ,SOaom f S hf k k S hf f oDvonf aou (usifqJ yk*K vwYkd \) oDv rnf\/ t&[wzvEihf ,SOaom oDvonf taou (usifqJ h d f kd f S f h

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r[kw-usifNh yD; yk*Kd vf\) oDv rnf\/ \<uif;aom avmuDovonf ae0aou emaouov rnf\/ f D D odYk vQif aouov ponftm;jzifh 3-yg; tjym;Sd\/ D y#dor'gr*f ygVdawmfum; avmu xdxow0gwdYk \ yuwdyifu&if; tavhtusifh oabmudvnf; d k kd kd k oDv[k ac:qdMk u\? ,if;yifu&if; oabmudyif &nf ]]olonf aumif;aom oDvS\ (aumif;aom tavh kd k d tusifhSd\)? olonf qd;aomoDvS\? (qd;aom tavhtusif\)? olonf &efjzpfjcif; tavhtusif\? k d k h dS h dS olonf wefqmqifjcif; tavhtusif\}} [l ajymqdMk u\/ xkYd aMumifh xdavmua0g[m& y&d,m,ftm;jzifh h dS k ]]oDvwkdYonf ukokdvfoDv tukodkvfoDv tAsmuw oDvtm;jzifh 3-yg;wdkYwnf;}} [l odkY ukodkvfponf wdYk \ tpGr;tm;jzifvnf; 3-yg;tjym;Sd\ [k a[mxm;avonf/ xkwif tukovovonf t&m tvdk f h d G kd f D Sdtyfaom oDv\ vuPmponfwYdk wif wckEirQaomfvnf; rnDacs? xkYd aMumifh t&m (ukovwduu) G S hf f kd aqmif rjyyJ >cif;csefxm;onf/ odYk jzpf qdcJhaom (wduf 5-ckt&) enf;jzifomvQif oDv\ tjym;Sonf\ k h d tjzpfukd odtyf\/ 13/ pukuwkdYwGif yXrpwku .... (omoem) tMuif&[ef;onf oDvrSaom 'kv yk*Kd vfwUdk udk rS0\? oDv d D D J Saom oDv0Ey*Kd vf wkYd ukd rrS0?J tajrmtjrif ynmrSonfjzpf tmywfoifaMumif; d k D f d h 0wKudk vGeusL;jcif; tjypfukd rjrif/ f 15 (umr0dwuftpSaom) rSm;,Gi;pGm BuHjcif;rsm;onfjzpf (rsufptpSaom) a`E d f d d wkYd ukd rapmifaSmuf? odYk aom &[ef;\oDvonf [mebm*d, (qkw,wjf cif; tzdYk dS h f k aom) oDv rnf\/ (omoem) tMuif&[ef;onf oDvESihf jynhpjkH cif;rQjzifh 0rf;ajrmuftm;&vsu\? f f dS ur|mef;w&m; tm;xkwjf cif; vdvm;aompdwukd rjzpfap/ k f oDvrQjzifh a&mif& xkYd xuftvGef (w&m;xl;uk&&ef) tm;rxkwaom xd&[ef;\ xdov h J d f k k D onf Xdwbm*d, (&yfwefYaejcif; tzdkYSdaom) oDv rnf\/ d tMuif&[ef;onfum; jynfppifMu,faom oDvSonfjzpf (psmef) orm"dtusKd;iSg h kH d tm;xkw\? odYk aom &[ef;\ oDvonf 0daoobm*d, (xl;jcm;aom tzdYk aom) f dS oDv rnf\/ tMuif&[ef;onf oDvrQjzifh ra&mif&r NiD;aiGYaom (0dyem) bm0emudk rjywf h J l tm;xkw\? odYk aom &[ef;\oDvonf edaA"bm*d, (udavomudk azmufcjJG cif;tzdYk f Sdaom) oDv rnf\/ odYk vQif [mebm*d,oDvponftm;jzifh 4-yg; tjym;Sd\/ 'kw,pwku &[ef;wkYd ukd taMumif;y ynwfawmfrl (tyf)aom odumyk'wYdk onfif;? &[ef;rwdYk d f twGuf ynwfxm;aom odumyk'xrS &[ef;awmfwYdk apmifaSmuftyfaom odumyk'wYdk onfif; Sue\? f J h f d k f (odumyk'wYkdEihf pyfaomoDv)onf bduK (&[ef;) oDv rnf\/ &[ef;rwkYd ukd taMumif;y ynwfawmfrl (tyf) f S aom odumyk'wYdk onfif;? &[ef;wkYd twGuf ynwfxm;aom odumyk'xrS &[ef;rwdYk apmifaSmuftyfaom odum f f J h yk'wYdk onfif; Sue\? (odumyk'wYkdEihf pyfaom oDv)onf bduK eD (&[ef;r) oDv rnf\/ SifomraPESifh f d k f f S SiomraPrwkYd \ 10-yg;oDvwkYd onf tEkyorE (omraP) oDv rnf\/ Oygoum OygodumrwkYd rm tNrJ f S apmiftyfaom edpovtpGr;tm;jzifh ig;yg;aom odumyk'wYkd onfif;? pGr;Ediygrl 10-yg;aom odumyk'wYdk onf h D f f f k f f if;? Oykot*Fg\ tpGr;tm;jzifh Spyg;aom odumyk'wYkd onfif; Sue\? (odumyk'wYdkEihf pyfaomoDv)onf f f f f d k f f S *[| (tdraevlwYkd \) oDv rnf\/ odkYvQif bduK oDv ponftm;jzifh 4-yg; tjym;Sd\/ f

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wwd,pwku Ow&ukk uRef;om;vlwYkd \ (ig;yg;oDvud) rvGeusL;jcif;onf yuwd (yifu&if;oabm k f kd jzpfaom) oDv rnf\/ vlrsKd;wkYd \if; t&yfa'owkYd \if; ygo@ (Ak'omoemrS tjyifyt,l0g'So) d l wdYk \if; rdrwYkd \ toD;toD;aom pnf;urf;usif0wfqi&m tavhtusifonf tmpm& (tavhtusif) oDv d h kd f h h rnf\/ ]]tmeEm tMuiftcg bk&m;tavmif;awmfonf r,fawmf\ 0rf;wduoYkd oufa&mufvsuf S\? xdktcg k f d bk&m;tavmif;\ r,fawmftm; a,musm;wdYk umr*kPEihf pyfaom (om,mwyfrufaom) pdwf rjzpfyavonf? f f S J dS odYk rjzpfjcif;onf jzpfNrJ;&m "rwmaywnf;}} -[k odYk a[mxm;aom bk&m;tavmif; r,fawmf\ oDvonf dk "rwmoDv rnf\/ tSir[muy tpSaom pifMu,faom ow0gwdYk \ oDvonfif;? (oDv0rif;\ b0 f d tpSaom) xdxb0wkYd bk&m;tavmif;awmf\ oDvonfif; ykAa[wku (aS;taMumif;Saom) oDv rnf\/ d k kd d odYk vQif yuwd oDvponftm;jzifh 4-yg; tjym;Sd\/ pwkw pwku (" bduK ygwdarmuo0& oH0awm 0d[&wd tmpm&a*gp& oraEm tPkrawok H k 0aZok b,'0D orm'g, oduwd odumya'ok) =(omoemawmf) &[ef;onf ygwdarmuo0&oDvESihf H jynfponfjzpf (0g? ygwdarmoDv[laom tydwtqdYk jzifh um,0pD 'Gg&wkYd ukd tukov&ef r0ifEiatmif h kH f kd f kd f ydwqYkd onf jzpf) (oifavsmfaom) tusifh usufpm;&mwdYk Eihf jynfponf jzpf ae\? tPkjrLrQ ao;i,fvaom f h S h kH S tjypfwYkd (aomfvnf;) aMumufz,ab;BuD;[k Ijrifvsuf 16 odumyk'wYkd (usifz,[orQud) t<uif;rJor; G f f h G f l k h d f ,l usifh\}}[k odYk jrwfpmbk&m; a[mawmfrl (tyf)aom oDvonf ygwdarmuo0& oDv rnf\/ G H xdrwyg; ]](aom puKem lyH 'dom e edrw*g[D a[mwd emEkAsOe*g[D? ,wGm"du&PareH puK`E,H k S G d d toH0wH 0d[&EH tbdZma'gre ygyum tukovm "rm tEGma0,sKH? w oH0&m, y#dyZw?d &uwd k puK`E,?H puK`Ea, oH0&H tmyZw/ aomwe o'H okwm/ Cmaee *EH Cm,dwm/ y/ Zd0g, &oH om,dwm/ d d d G G S G y/ uma,e azm|AH zkowm/ y/ reom "rH 0dnm, e edrw*g[D/ y/ red`Ea, oH0&H tmyZw) = (ygwd d G d d d armuo0& oDv wnfaom) xd&[ef;onf rsupjd ziftqif;udk jrifvQif (rde;r a,musm;paom udavom H k f h f f jzpfaMumif; taygif;yHo@mef) edrwuvnf; rSw,avh rS?d (tzefzef qifjcifvQif udavomwkYd ukd tqifqifh k d f kd f l h xifm;BuD;xGm;vmapwwfaom vuf ajc yH;&,f[ef paom tao;pdwt*Fgtjcif;t&m) tEkAsOeudvnf; S f k rSw,avhrS?d puKa`E (rsup)udk rydwqYkd rapmifpnf;yJ aecJaomf xd(rapmifpnf;aom yk*Kd vf)udk (rapmifpnf;yJ f l f d f h h k h h vTwxm;aom puKa`E[aom) tMuiftaMumif;aMumifh tbdZmESihf a'gre[laom ,kwrmaom tukovf f l f kd w&m;wkYd onf tpOfvuvm uke&m\? (xdYk aMumifh xdoYkd vduygrvmMuap&ef) xd(puKa`E)udk ydwqYkdapmifpnf; kd f f k k f k f h jcif;iSg usif\? puKa`Eukd apmifaSmuf\? puKa`E ydwqYkd apmifpnf;jcif;odYk a&muf\/ em;jzifh toHukd h h f h Mum;odvQif/ y/ ESmacgif;jzifh teHYukd eHovQif/ y/ vQmjzifh t&omudk vsufovQif/ y/ ud,jf zifh awGYxz,ukd d d k d G f xdovQif/y/ pdwjf zifh oabmtmkukd BuHovQif edrwuvnf; rSw,avhrS/ y/ reda`E ydwqYkd apmifpnf;jcif;odYk d H d d f kd f l d f h a&muf\}}[k a[mawmfrl (tyf)aom oDvonf `E,oH0&oDv rnf\/ d xdkrSwyg; toufarG;rIudk taMumif;y ynwfawmfrl (tyf)aom 6-yg;aom oduK yk'wYdk ukd vGeusL;jcif; f f \ tpGr;tm;jzifh jzpfaom rdpmZD0rS MuOfaSmifjcif;onfif;? ]](uk[em) olwyg; txifBuD;atmif tHz,[ef f h G f aqmifjcif;? (vyem) ypn;va&; vrf;aMumif;ay; ajymqdjk cif;? (aerdwuwm) vvpway:atmif t&dyerwf f d kd d f f d d yjcif;? (edayouwm) rvyJ raeomatmif zdEyBf udwacs ajymqkjd cif;? (vmabe vmbH edZ*oewm) &NyD; d dS f d D vmbfjzifh rQm; vmbfukd SmrS;jcif;}} odYk tpSd ukeaom ,kwrmaomtusifwYdk \ tpGr;tm;jzifh jzpfaom D f f h f rdpmZD0rS MuOfaSmifjcif;onfif; tmZD0yg&d ok'ov rnf\/ d D ]](y#docFg a,medaom pD0&H y#dao0wd ,m0a'0 oDw y#dCmwm,) = oifaom taMumif;tm;jzifh h qifjcif ouFe;udk rS0\? tat;udk y,fazsmufrQ tusKd;iSgomvQif (rS0o;aqmif\)}}? odkY tpSdaom f D J Hk D J kH enf;jzifh a[mawmfrl (tyf)aom qifjcifjcif;jzifh xuf0ef;usif pifMu,faom ypnf; 4-yg;udk oH;aqmifjcif;onf k yp,oEw oDvrnf\/ d d

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0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yXrwGJ)

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0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yXrwGJ)

100

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0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yXrwGJ)

101

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opfyif&if; (opfyifatmuf) aexdijf cif;onf kurvrnf\? xdopfyif&if; aeavhaomaMumifh k l k dS kurvu rnf\? kurvu &[ef;\ taMumif;t*Fgapwemonf kurvu*F (kur"wif) rnf\/ l d l d l d l k taAmumodu*F aomomedu*F yk'wYkdvnf; enf;yifwnf;/ f 59 tMuifae&mudomvQif cif;tyf-TeMf um;csxm;tyf\? (xdYk aMumifh xdae&monf) ,xmoEwrnf\? k k ,xmoEw[laom trnfonf ]] ae&monf oiftm; a&muf\}}[k odkYaS;OD;pGm TeMf um; csxm;tyf h aom tdy&mae&mausmif;\ trnfwnf;/ xdcif;NrJwi; TeMf um;NrJwi;aom tdy&mae&m ausmif; aejcif;tavh f k kd f kd f f SaomaMumifh ,xmoEwurnf\? xdk ,xmoEwu &[ef;\ taMumif;t*Fg apwemonf ,xmoEwu*F d d d d (,xmoEw"wif) rnf\/ d k tdyjf cif;udy,f xdijf cif;jzifh aejcif;tavh SaomaMumifh aeoZurnf\? xdxijf cif;jzifh aeavhaom k k d d k dk dS (aeoZu) &[ef;\ taMumif;t*Fg apwemonf aeoZu*F (edoZ"wif) rnf\/ d d d k tm;vH;ESihf oufqiaom "kw*F-yk'\ teufum;-tvH;pHomvQif jzpfueaom yHouvu*F k kd f f k k k f k l d ponfwYdk onf xdxkd yHouvu*F ponfukd aqmufwnfjcif;jzifh (w'*Fy[meftm;jzif) cgxkwf (zsuq;) k k l d h f D tyfNyD;aom udavom Sonf\ tjzpfaMumifh wPSmpaom udavomwkYd ukd cgxkwNf yD;ol ("kw) rnfaom d &[ef;\taMumif; t*FgwkYd jzpfMuayonf/ xkYd aMumifh "kw*Frnfue\/ wenf;um; udavomudk cgxkwf k f (zsuq;) wwfonf\ tjzpfaMumifh "kw[k&tyfaom trnfaom Pfonf yHoul"wif aqmufwnfjcif; f D dS k ponfwYdk \ (aSYom;jzpfaom) taMumif;t*Fgaywnf;? xdYk aMumifh "kw*Frnfue\/ wenf;aomfum; xdyoul G k f k hH "kwif aqmufwnfjcif; ponfwYdkonf qefYusizuf udavomwkYd ukd cgxkwf (zsufq;) wwfonf\tjzpfaMumifh f D "kwvnf; rnfue\? (oDvpaom) tusiy#dywf\ taMumif;wkYd vnf; jzpfue\/ xdYk aMumifvnf; "kw*F k f hf k f h rnfue\/ qdkcJhonfh twdkif; 13-yg;aom "kwifwYdk aS;OD;pGm o'g euftm;jzifh tqH;tjzwfukd odtyf\/ k f k xdrwyg; tvH;pHomvQijf zpfueaom "kwifwYdkonf aqmufwnfaMumif; jzpfaom apwemvQif k S k k k f rSwaMumif; vuPmSue\? 0g? "kwifwYkd ukd aqmufwnfaMumif; apwem[k rSwtyfue\/ rSeay\/ f d k f f k f f ]]tMuifuwm;onf aqmufwnf\? xdaqmufwnfaom uwm;onf yk*Kd vfaywnf;? tMuifw&m; k taygif; udP;jzifh aqmufwnf\? aqmufwnfaMumif; ukP;jzpfaom or,ww&m;wdYk onf pdwf k f d f k f apwodwwYdk aywnf;? tMuifaqmufwnfaMumif; (orm'ge)\ tpGr;tm;jzifjh zpfaom apwemonf (Sd\)? f f xdorm'geapwem (aqmufwnfaMumif; apwem)onf "kwifrnf\? tMuifuH teufukd y,f\? xdy,faom k k uHteufonf 0wKaywnf;}}[laom pum;udk aS;t|uxm qdxm;ay\/ tvH;pHomvQif jzpfaom "kwif k k k wkYd onf (ukovb@mudk vGepmvk,ufwwfaom) avmvkywPSmudk zsufq;jcif;udp Sue\? avmvkywPSm kd f f G D d k f uif;onf\ tjzpfjzifh Pftm; aS;I xifue\? pifMu,faom oDvpaom w&m;vQif eD;aomtaMumif; k f Sdukef\/ qdtyfcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzifh 13-yg;aom "kwifwYdk vuPm ponfwYkd jzifh tqH;tjzwfukd k k odtyf\/ xdrwyg; ]]aqmufwnfjcif;ESihf usifytpDt&iftm;jzif}h } odYk tpSaom ig;XmewkYd (tqH;jzwfukd odYk k S h kH d k odtyf\/) tvH;pHomvQifjzpfueaom "kwifwYdk ukd jrwfpmbk&m; xifm;SawmfrvQif jrwfpmbk&m;txHomvQif k k k f G S d l G aqmufwnftyfue\/ jrwfpmbk&m; y&deAmef pHawmfrNl yD;vwfaomf r[m om0u\ txH (aqmufwnftyf k f G d uke\)? xdr[mom0u rSvwfaomf &[Em\txH .... (&[Em rSdvwfaomf) tem*grf\txH .... f k d ou'g*grf\ txH .... aomwmyef\ txH ..... yd#uwf 3-yHaqmif yk*Kd vf\ txH .... yd#uwf 2-yHaqmif k k yk*Kd vf\ txH .... yd#uwf 1-yHaqmif yk*Kd vf\ txH .... edum,fig;&yfwif wyg;yg;aom edum,faqmif k G yk*Kd vf\ txH .... t|uxm( avhvm aus>yefaom) q&m\ txH (aqmufwnftyfue\)/ xdt|uxm( k f k avhvmaus>yefaom) q&mrSvwfaomf "kwifaqmif yk*Kd vf\ txH (aqmufwnftyfue\)/ xd"wifaqmif d k f k k yk*Kd vfonfvnf; rSvwfaomf apwD,ifjyifukd wHjrufvn;NyD;vQif aqmifaMumifxi jrwfpmbk&m;\ txH d S f h h kd f G avQmufxm;ouJoYkd aqmufwnftyfue\/ wenf;aomfum; (rnfoYl xH rnfonfae&modYk rQ roGm;rl) ud,wif h k f h k f kd vnf; aqmufwnfjcif;iSg tyfonfomvQiwnf;? ud,wif aqmufwnf aumif;onf[k qd&m0,f apwd, f k f kd k awmif (oDwif;oH; aeukeaom) nDaemifrax&f 2-yg;wdYk wif aemifawmf rax&f\ "kwifaqmif*kPfESifh pyf k f G tvdenf;jcif;\ 0wKudk ajymqdoif\/ qdcNhJ yD;onfum; tvH;pHaom "kwifwYdk Eihf oufqiaom pum;ay k k h k k k S kd f wnf;/

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4-oy'gepm&du"kwifudk jyqdkcsuf
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aMumifh jzpfEiaom tmywfroifjh cif;? (7) &owPSmudk y,fazsmufEijf cif;? (8) typwm ponfwYkdtm;avsmaom kd f kd d f tusifhSdonf\ tjzpf/ onfum; {umoedu"wif\ tusKd;tmedoifaywnf;/ f k wae&mwnf; pm;jcif; arGYavsmaom &[ef;udk (tBudrBf udr) pm;jcif;aMumifh jzpfwwfuef f f k aom tema&m*gwdYk onf rESypufEiue/ t&om rrufarmonfjzpf rdr\ yoifaom d f kd f k f d h &[ef; udpukd r,kwapyJ jynfpapEdiay\/ f h kH k f xdYk aMumifh csr;ompGm ae&jcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaom wPSmudk acgif;yg;apwwfaom f pifMu,faom tusif arGYavsmfaom oljrwfwYdk rS0tyfaom wxdiwnf; pm;jcif; arGYavsmf h D J k f aysmyujf cif;udk txl;ojzifh pifMu,faom pdwEv; Saom &[ef;onf jzpfap&m\/ f kd f S kH d onfum; tEkomoeDaywnf;/ qdcNhJ yD;onfum; {umoedu"wif aqmufwnfykH usifykH tpDt&if tjym; ysufjcif; tusKd;tmedoif k f k h wkYd ukd zGijhf yaom pum;aywnf;/

6-ywydkPf"kwifudk jyqdkcsuf
29/ ywyP"wifuvnf; kd f k kd ]]'kw,ubmZeHy#duygrd-2-ckajrmufaom pum;cGuukd y,fyg\/}} d d f ]]ywy@u* orm'd,mrd-wcGuwnf; pm;zG,uom,l pm;avhaom &[ef;\ d d f f kd dS taMumif;t*Fg apwemudk aqmufwnfyg\/}} [laom 2-rsK;aom pum;wkYd wif wrsK;rsK;aom pum;jzifh aqmufwnftyf\/ (onfum; aqmufwnfykH d G d d wnf;/) usifyum; ywyP"wifaqmifaom xd&[ef;onf ,m*kaomufaomtcg cGuxnf trJ ig; paom h kH kd f k k f h [if;vsmudk &vwfaomf [if;vsmudrvnf; aS;OD;pGmpm;tyf\? ,m*kurvnf; aS;OD;pGm aomuftyf\/ taMumif; k l kd l rlum; ,m*k tu,f xnfjh im;th?H ykyaom ig;ydaumif paom [if;vsmudk xnfrcaomf ,m*konf GYH z,f f h d hJ G jzpf&m\? pifppfrum; GYH z,rjzpfatmif yomvQif pm;jcif;iSg oifay\? xdYk aMumifh xdoYkd GYH z,aom [if;vsm l G f h k G f dS udk &nf, ([if;vsmudrvnf; aS;OD;pGm pm;tyf\? paom) pum;udk igqdtyf cJayonf/ GYH z,r[kwaom G f k l k h G f f ysm;oumponfurl (,m*k) xnfaumif;\? cH,laom tcgvnf; 0rf; yrmPESihf wefuomvQif cH,tyf\? kd h Hk kd l (o&ufuEpaom) [if;Gupr;udrl vufjzifh udi pm;jcif;iSg tyf\? odYk aomfvnf; xdoYkd (omkyrjzpf vuf G f k f d f k k f k wudiui) ryrl oydw omvQif xnftyf\/ 2-ckajrmufaom pum;cGuukd y,ftyfNyD;jzpfaomaMumifh tjcm; k f kd f f h f wyg; cGuqvQif (xnfp&m) opfuonf aomfvnf; rtyfay/ onfum; xdywyP"wifaqmif &[ef;\ f kd h G f k kd f k usifytpDt&ifaywnf;/ h kH tjym;tm;jzifrum; ywyP"wifaqmif yk*Kd vfonfvnf; 3-yg; tjym;Sd\? xdwif OuXy*Kd vftm; h l kd f k k G f k BuHpwaomumvrS wyg; tjcm;umv (ig;k; pyg;vH;paom pGeYf tyfaom) trduuvnf; (2-ckajrmufcu k f d k I f kd G f xnf) pGeYf jcif;iSg rtyf? xrif;cJig; trJ rHkYwkdYudkvnf; 68 cGJ (zJh) pm;jcif;iSg rtyf/ rZHKyk*Kd vftm; vuf h wzufjzifh cJ pm;jcif;iSgtyf\? rZHKyk*Kd vfonf vufa,m*D rnf\/ rk'y*Kd vfonfum; oydwa,m*Drnf\? xdk G k k f rk'y*Kd vftm; tMuifcz,abmZOfukd oydw xnfjh cif;iSg pGr;Edi\? xdtvH;pHukd vufjzifaomfif; oGm;wkYd jzifh k k J G f f f k f k k k h aomfif; cGJ (zJhpdwf) pm;jcif;iSgtyf\/ (onfum; ywyP"wifaqmif yk*Kd vftjym;aywnf;/) kd f k qdvwHonfum; tusKd;tmedoifaywnf;? (1) txl;xl;aom t&om wPSmudk y,fEijf cif;? (2) xkxdk k h kd d toD;oD;aom cGuwnfaom txl;xl;aom t&om tvdo\tjzpfuy,fjcif;? (3) tpmt[m& (bk&m; f k dS l kd cGihf yawmfraom) tusKd;rQudom Munfajrmvifh Sonf\tjzpf? (4) tydtrdk yef;uefcuf a,mufponfukd l k h I f d k G aqmifjcif;aMumifjh zpfaom yifyef;jcif;\ rSjd cif;? (5) (tjcm; cGuwYdk ) ysHYvijhf cif;rSyJ pm;avhonf\tjzpf/ (6) f G d dS

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7-cvkypmbwf"kwifudk jyqdkcsuf
30/ cvkypmbwf"wifuvnf; k kd ]]twd&wabmZeH y#duygrd-twd&w0enf;uHy pm;jcif;udk y,fyg\}}/ d d d f d ]]cvkypmbwu* orm'd,mrd-jrpfNyD;onfrS aemuf &aomqGr;udk rpm;aom &[ef;\ d f taMumif;t*Fg apwemudk aqmufwnfyg\}}/ [laom pum;2-rsK;wdYk wif wrsK;rsK;aom pum;jzifh aqmufwnftyf\? (onfum; aqmufwnfykH aywnf;/) d G d d usiyum; cvkypmbwf"wifaqmifaom xd&[ef;onf (wefNyD[) jrpfNyD;vQif wzef (&d,mykxwyg; hf kH k k k f &aom) abmZOfukd pm;aumif;atmif (0denf;y&d,m,fjzif) yap rpm;tyf? onfum; xdcvkypmbwf h k "kwifaqmif &[ef;\ usifytpDt&ifaywnf;/ h kH tjym;tm;jzifrum; cvkypmbwf "kwifaqmif yk*Kd vfonfvnf; 3-yg;tjym; Sd\? xdwif OuXf h l k G yk*Kd vfonf yXrqGr;vky y0g&dwoifjh cif; rSao;? xkyXrqGr;vkyukd rsKdtyfNyD;vwfaomfum; wyg;aom f f f d d f f abmZOfukd y,fjrpfaom &[ef;tm; y0g&dwoifh \/ xkYd aMumifh odYk y0g&dwoifNh yD;vwfaomf yXrqGr;vkyukd f f f f rsKNd yD;vQif 'kw,qGr;vkyukd rpm;awmhay/ rZHKyk*Kd vfonf tMuifabmZOfukd (pm;aepOf) y0g&dwoifjh im;tH?h xdk d f f f (pm;qJ usefaeao;aom) abmZOfuomvQif pm;\/ rk'y*Kd vfonfum; ae&mrS rxao;orQ umvywfv; dS kd k k kH (uyfvmaom tpmud) pm;\/ (onfum; cvkypmbwf"wifaqmif yk*Kd vf tjym;aywnf;/ k k xdkrSwyg; 3-yg;aom yk*Kd vfwYdk \ "kwifonf y0g&dwoifMh uygvsuf (&d,mykxwyg; &aom f f abmZOfu) tyfatmifyap pm;MuaomcP ysu\/ onfum; cvkypmbwf"wif ysujf cif; aywnf;/ kd f k 69 qdvwHonfum; tusKd;tmedoifaywnf;? (1) twd&w0enf;uHryyJ pm;jcif;aMumifh oifaumif; k h d f d h aom tmywfrS a0;onf\tjzpf? (2) 0rf;tvdvuvsuf tpm;MuL;jcif; rSonf\tjzpf? (3) tmrdo odrjDS cif; k kd f d k uif;onf\ tjzpf? (4) wzefmrS;rI\ rSjd cif;? (5) typwm ponfwYdk tm; avsmfaomtusifh Sonf\tjzpf/ S D d d onfum; cvkypmbwf"wif\ tusKd;tmedoif aywnf;/ k cvkypmbwf"wifaqmifaom ynmSa,m*Donf wzef 0rf;pm SmrS;jcif;aMumifh yifyef;jcif;odYk k d D ra&muf? odr;odr;xm;jcif;udvnf; ry? 0rf;tvdvuvsuf tpm;MuL;ol tjzpfuvnf; k DS f k k kd f kd y,f\/ xdYk aMumifh tvdBk uD;jcif; paom tjypfwYdkukd cgxkwvaom a,m*Donf jrwfpmbk&m; f dk G csD;rGr;tyfaom a&mif&v,jf cif; ponfwYdk\ yGg;jcif;udk jzpfapwwfaom cvkypmbwf f h J G

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8-tm&nuif"kwifudk jyqdkcsuf
31/ tm&nuif"wifuvnf; k kd ]]*grEaoemoeH y#duygrd-GmeD;ausmif; Gmausmif;udk y,fyg\}}/ d ]]tm&ndu* orm'd,mrd-awmaeavhaom &[ef;\ taMumif;t*Fg apwemudk dS aqmufwnfyg\}}/ [laom pum;2-rsK;wkYd wif wrsK;rsK;aom pum;jzifh aqmufwnftyf\/ (onfum; aqmufwnfyaywnf;/) d G d d kH usiyum; xdtm&nuif"wifaqmif (awmae)&[ef;onf GmeD;ausmif; Gmausmif;( tkPwufapjcif;) hf kH k k f udk y,f awm tkPfudk wufaptyf\/ xdk (*grEaoemoeESihf t&n-[laom) pum;&yf (GmeD;ausmif;ESihf awmt&yfukd odYk otyf\) GmteD; d OypmESiwuG GmonfyifvQif *grEaooemoe-GmeD;ausmif; Gmausmif;rnf\/ hf wtdrwnf;om Sonfjzpfap? tdrrsm;pGmSonfjzpfap? t&Htwm; Sonfjzpfap? t&Htwm; rSonfjzpf f d f d d d ap? vlonfjzpfap? (wjcm;odYk acwom;aeaomaMumif) vlrSonfjzpfap trSwrSd wpHwckaom (vlwYkd \ae&m) dS G h d f k t&yfonf Gmrnf\? t,kwq;tydi; tjcm;jzifh (ajym&vQi) av;vxuftvGef pcef;csaeNyD;aom ajcukeonf f kH k f f f vSn;ukeonf avSueonfwYdk \ ae&mt&yf wpHwckonfvnf; Gmrnf\/ f f k f k tEk&m"rdYrmuJoYkd t&Htwm;Saom GmrSm 2-ckaom wHcg;cHwYdk SMd uvQif twGi;wHcg;cH &yfwnf S h d k f k vsuftm; tv,ftvwfaom a,musfm;\ (ypfvuaom) cJ\us&mt&yfonf Gm\teD;Oypmrnf\/ xkdcJ dS kd f us&mt&yf\ vuPmudk vkvifysKdwYdk onf rdr\cGetm;udk jyvkMd uaomaMumifh vufarmif;udk qefYwef; cJukd d f ypfMuouJoYdk yHk enf;jzifh ypftyfaom cJ\ us&mt&yf\ twGi;buf[ 0denf;"d&f q&mwkYd u (rdeYf qdk h f l k qH;jzwfue\)/ okweaqmif q&mwdYk url us;acsmufonfenf;jzifh ypfvuaom cJ\ (us&mt&yf\twGi;buf) k k f f D h kd f f [l rdeYf qq;jzwfue\/ t&Htwm;rSdaomGm tvHk;pHkwkdY\tpGejf zpfaom tdr\wHcg; &yfwnfvsuf rmwk*gr kd kH k f f onf td;cGujf zifh tMuifa&udk pGeYf oeypf&m\? xda&\ us&mt&yfonf tdr\Oypmrnf\/ xdOypmrS qdcNhJ yD; k G f k f k k aomenf;jzifh cJwus t&yfonf Gm(e,fq;) rnf\/ (xdcwust&yfr) 'kw,cJwus t&yfonf Gm\Oypm kH k J S d rnf\/ awmudrl 0denf;a'oemt&mtm;jzifh ]]GmESim\ Oypmudk csefxm; (xdrwyg;) tvH;pHaom t&yf k hf G k S k k onf awmrnf\}} [l qdktyf\/ tbd"rma'oemt& tm;jzifrl ]]wHcg;cHrS xGu tjyify jzpfaom 70 h k f tvH;pHaom t&yfonf awmrnf\}} [l qdktyf\/ tm&nuif "kwify#dywft&mrl okweenf;tm;jzifh k k f ]](GmrS) ukvav;wm tjyefig;&mSaom ausmif;onf (GmESi) teD;qH; awmausmif;rnf\}} [l (tm&nuodum d hf k yk' awmausmif;ae &[ef;udk &nf a[mxm;aom) twdi; tSnyrmP onfomvQif rSwoifh rSwxuf f k f f f f dk aom vuPmaywnf;/ xdk ukvav;wm tjyef ig;&mSaom awmausmif;udk wifxm;aom dYI aom twwfoif d dS q&m\ av;jzift&Htwm;Saom GmjzpfvQif wHcg;cHrp? t&H twm;rSvQif yXrcJwust&yfrp ausmif;\ h d k S d S t&Hwiatmif wdi;wm yki;jcm; rSwom;tyf\/ kd f k f d f f odYk r[kwf ausmif;wdurm t&Htwm;rSygrl (GmrSvmvQif) tvH;pHwYkd \ aS;OD;pGm awGY&aom ausmif; k f S d k k aqmifjzpfap? qGr;pm;ausmif;jzpfap? tNrJpnf;a0;&m t&yfjzpfap? aAm"dyifjzpfap? apwDjzpfap (S&m\)? ausmif; f d (rBuD;)rS a0;aomt&yf jzpfapumrl xdk aS;OD;pGm awGY&aom ausmif;aqmif qGr;pm;ausmif;paom t&yfukd tydi; f k f tjcm;y wdi;wmtyfonf[k 0denf;t|uxmwkYd qd(tyf)\/ rZdredum,f t|uxmrl Gm\OypmuduoYkd k f k k hJ

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t&HrSaom ausmif;\ Oypmudvnf; (usD;acsmufenf; cJwuswkYd jzif) csaqmif (Gme,f ausmif;e,frS ypfaom) d k h cJus&mt&yf 2-ckwYdk tMum; wdi;wmtyfonf[k qd(tyf)\/ rZdredum,f t|uxmpum;onf omvQif k f k awmausmif;tuGmta0;udk wdi;wm&m yrmPaywnf;/ k f Gmonf teD; jzpfapumrl ausmif; wnfuevsuf Gmol Gmom;wdYk \ toHukd Mum;&apumrl xkoYkdyif k f d eD;jim;aomfvnf; awmif jrpf ponfwYdk jcm;aeaomaMumifh tajzmiftm;jzifh oGm;&ef rpGr;Edijf im;tH?h avSjzifh ul; h f k oGm;Ekijf im;aomfvnf; xdm\ oGm;k;vrf;jzifomvQif ukvav;wm tjyefig;&mudk ,ltyf\/ odYk aomf tMuif d k G d h &[ef;onf Gm\eD;aomvrf;udk awm&t*Fg wmig;&m jynfpapjcif;iSg xkxt&yfrS ydwqYkd jim;th?H xk&[ef;onf h kH d kd f d "kwifc;olrnf\/ kd awm&"kwifaqmif &[ef;\ OyZm,fjzpfap? q&mjzpfap ruse;rrmjzpf awmausmif; avsmufywfaom f aq;ypn;ponfukd r&vQif xdk awm&"kwifaqmif &[ef;onf ruse;rmaom q&m OyZm,fukd Gmausmif;odYk f f yifaqmif ypktyf\/ odYk aomfvnf; eHeufapmapmuyif Gmausmif;rS xGu awm&t*Fgavmuf&m t&yf tkPf h f wufaptyf\/ tkPfwufcsdeftcg xdkq&mOyZm,fwYdk \ tema&m*g wd;wufaevQifrl xdq&mOyZm,fwYdk \ k k omvQif vkyauR; ypkz,upukd ytyf\? "kwifukd okwoifjcif; aMumifMh uyonf rjzpf&m/ onfum; xkd f G f d f tm&nuif "kwifaqmif &[ef;\usifykH tpDt&ifaywnf;/ h tjym;tm;jzifrum; tm&nuif"wifaqmif yk*Kd vfonfvnf; oH;yg;tjym;S\/ xdwif OuXy*Kd vf h l k k d k G f k onf (aqmif; aEG rd; Owk[aom) tcgcyfor; awm tkPwufaptyf\/ rZHKyk*Kd vfonf rd;av;vwdYk ywfv; k l d f f k kH Gmausmif; aejcif;iSg&\/ rk'y*Kd vfonf (rd;av;vtjyif) aqmif;av;vwdYk ywfv;vnf; (Gmausmif; aejcif;iSg k k k kH &\)/ (onfum; tm&nuif "kwifaqmify*Kd vf tjym;aywnf;/) k xdrwyg; oH;yg;aom yk*Kd vfwYdk \ "kwifonf ydi;jcm; jycJwi;aomumv awmrSvm Gmausmif; k S k k f h dk f w&m; (emyG)udk emaeukepOf tkPwufjim;aomfvnf; rysuf? w&m;emNyD; oGm;ukevwfaomf vrf;ckvwf J f f f tkPwufaomfvnf; rysuf/ odYk aomf w&m;a[myk*Kd vf xoGm;NyD;aomfvnf; ]]wrk[wf watmifavmuf tdyNf yD;rS f k h oGm;uket}hH }[k BuHvsuf tdyaysmfaeukepOf tkPwufjim;th?H odYk r[kwf (Gmausmif; aevdaom) rdrtvdtm;jzifh f f f f k d k Gmausmif; tkPukd wufapukejf im;tH?h "kwifysuf\/ onfum; tm&nuif"wif ysufjcif;aywnf;/ f k qdvwHonfum; tusKd;tmedoifaywnf;? (1) tm&nuif "kwifaqmifaom &[ef;onf awm[laom k h trSwukd ESv;oGi;vsuf r&ao;aom orm"durvnf; &Edi\? &NyD;aom orm"durvnf; apmifaSmufjcif;iSg f kH f kd l k f kd l h jzpfEi\? (2) jrwfpmbk&m;onfvnf; xdawmae&[ef;tm; tm;&0rf;ajrmufawmfr\/ bk&m;a[mawmfryum;kd f G k l l kH ]]cspfom;em*dw xdawmae&[ef;\ xdoYkd awm aejcif;jzifh igonf 0rf;ajrmufay\}}[lyifwnf;? (3) tpGefus k k a0;uGmvSaom awmausmif; aeavhaom xk&[ef;\ pdwukd ravsmufywfaom lygkponfwYdk onfvnf; dS d f H rysYH viapEdiue?f (4) xdwvefYjcif;uif;\? (5) touf wG,wmaom eduEuvnf; y,fpeYf Ei\? (6) G hf k f k f f d kd G kd f qdwNf idr&mt&yf aejcif;aMumifh jzpfaom csr;om[laom t&omudvnf; cHpm;&\/ (7) yHoul"wifaqmif f f k h k ponfwYdk tjzpf ([laom <uif;aom"kwifqEp&yf) onfvnf; xdawmae&[ef;tm; oifavsmavsmufywfay\/ hJ S f k h f onfum; tm&nuif "kwif\ tusKd;tmedoifaywnf;/ qdwNf idraom ud,pwaom vlowYkdEihf ra&maESmaom tpGeusaom awmausmif; f k f d f dS l S f aysmarGYaom awm&aejcif;jzifh jrwfpmbk&m;\ pdwEv;awmfukd tm;& ESpoufapEdiaom1/ f G f S kH f k f &[ef;onf awmausmif; wyg;wnf; aeonfjzpf tMuif 0da0ucsrf;omud&\? xdk k awmae&[ef;\ xdoYkdaom 0da0u csr;omudk odMum;rif;ESiwuG ewfwYdkonfaomfvnf; k f hf r&Mu rcHpm;Mu&uke/ f yHoul ouFe;udvnf; csy0wfwefqmuJoYkd 0wfqifvsuf <uif;aom "kwif[aom vufeuf h f k f h l Sonfjzpf awmt&yfwnf; [laom ppfajrjyifoYkd 0ifa&mufaom &[ef;onf omvQif d ppfwyfEiwuGaom udavomrm&fukd rMumjrifryifvQif atmifjcif;iSg pGr;Ediay\/xdYk aMumifh S hf h D f k f ynmSonf awmausmif;aejcif; arGYavsmf aysmyujf cif;udk y&m\/ onfum; d f kd

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tEkomoeDaywnf;/ qdcNhJ yD;onfum; tm&nuif"wif aqmufwnfykH usifykH tpDt&if tjym; ysufjcif; tusKd; k k h tmedoifwYdkukd zGijhf yaom pum;wnf;/ 9-kurl"kwifudk jyqdkcsuf 32/ kurl"kwifudkvnf; ]]qEH y#dudygrd-(tkw<f uyfpaom trd;ig;rsKd;jzif)rd;tyfaom t&dytm0goudk y,fyg\}}/ k h k f ]]kurvu* orm'd,mrd-opfyif&if; l d taMumif;t*Fg apwemudk aqmufwnfyg\}}/ opfyifatmuf aeavhaom dS &[ef;\

[laom pum; 2-rsK;wdYk wif wrsK;rsK;aom pum;jzifh aqmufwnftyf\/ (onfum; aqmufwnfykH d G d d aywnf;/) usifhyHkum; kurl"kwifaqmifaom xdk&[ef;onf (1) rif; 2-yg;wkdY\ wdi;jynfe,fpyfopfyif? (2) ylaZmf k f tyfaom ewfp;opfyif? (3) opfap;yif tpSaom tap; toH;0ifaom opfyif? (4) o&uf tpSaom toD;yif? kd d k d (5) vif;EdYk aom opfyif? (6) (a>r uif; ponf atmif;Edionf) tacgif;Saom tyif? (7) ausmif;wdutv,fdS dS k f h d k f opfyif[aom opfyifwYkd ukd MuOf ausmif;wdu\ tpGe wnfaomopfyifukd ,ltyf\/ onfum; xdkkurl l k f f "kwifaqmifaom &[ef;\ usifykH tpDt&ifaywnf;/ h tjym;tm;jzifrum; kur"wifaqmif yk*Kd vfonfvnf; oH;yg;tjym;S\/ xkwif OuXy*Kd vfonf h l l k k d d G f k oabmus ESpouf&m opfyifukd ,lNyD;vQif Si;vif;okwoifapjcif;iSg r&? a<uusaeaom opfutaygif;udk f f f G f ajcjzifh z,fm; ae&m\/ rZHK yk*Kd vfonf xdopfyif atmuft&yfoYkd a&mufvmaom olwYkd uomvQif okwoifap S k kd f jcif;iSg &\/ rk'y*Kd vfonf tm&mrfapmifh 'umrsm; omraPrsm;udk ac:,lvsuf okwoifi;vif;ap vif;ap k k f S f tnDtGwf yap oJjzL cif;ap apmif&ef;tumt&Hukd yap 72 wHcg;wyfap ae&m\/ ylaZmfyaeYrl JG kur"wifaqmif &[ef;onf xdk opfyif raerl (kur"wifaqmif tjzpfukd vQKdY0u&ef) wyg;aom zH;vTr; l k l k S f k f uG,0u&mt&yf ae&m\/ (onfum; kur"wifaqmif yk*Kd vf tjym;aywnf;/ f S f l k xdrwyg; oH;yg;aom yk*Kd vfwYdk \ "kwifonf tkw<f uyfponfjzifh rd;tyfaom t&dy aevdaom qE k S k k f k jzifh (0if) aejcif;udk yaom cP ysu\/ odvsuf trd;atmuf tkPwufapumrQ (ysufonf)[k f k f t*Fw&edum,faqmifwYkd u qdue\/ onfum; kurl"kwif ysujf cif;aywnf;/ k k k f qdvwHonfum; tusKd;tmedoifaywnf;/ (1) ]]opfyif&if; wnf;[laom ausmif;udtrSD y &[ef;\ k h k tjzpfonf (rQwwnfae&\)}}[laom jrwfpmbk&m;\ pum;awmfaMumifh (wwd,) ed, tm;avsmfaomtusifdS G h onf\ tjzpf? (2) ]]tzd;vnf; enf;uke\? &vnf; &vG,ue\? xdk tzd;enf; &vG,aom ausmif;wdYk onf k f f k f k f tjypfvnf; uif;uke\}}[k jrwfpmbk&m; csD;rGr;tyfaom ypn; Sonf\tjzpf? (3) opfuwYkd \ rjywfajymif;vJ f G f f d G f azmufjyefjcif;udk jrif&ojzifh tedponmudk jzpfapEkionf\ tjzpf? (4) ausmif; 0efwjkd cif; trIopf d f tvkytudi arGYavsmfjcif;wdYk \ rSjd cif;? (5) kuZ0;ewfwYdk Eihf twlwuG ae&onf\tjzpf? (6) typwm f k f kd f S d ponf wdYk tm; avsmfaom tusifonf\tjzpf/ onfum; kur"wif\ tusKd;tmedoifaywnf;/ h dS l k bk&m;jrwfpmonf (tzd;vnf; enf;uke\ ponfjzif) csD;rGr;tyfaom &[ef;tjzpf\ rS&m G k f h f D ed, [lvnf; a[mawmfrl tyfaom opfyif&if;ESihf wlaom qdwNf idrjf cif;udk tvdaom k dS a,m*D\ ae&monf tb,frm Stenf;/ S d hH odYk qd&jcif;taMumif;um; tm0gorap&udk y,fazsmuf&m jzpfaom kuZ0;ewfwYkd onf k kd f apmifaSmuftyfaom vlol uif;qdwaom opfyif&if; aeaom aumif;aomtusifaom h f h dS a,m*Donf/

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(Ekcgp) pufpufeMD u (&ifaomtcg) pdr;MuNyD;vQif (rSnaomtcg) 0ga&mfuevsuf tnm h f hf k f rS a<uusukeaom opfuwYkd ukd awGYjrif&onfjzpf NrJonf[xifaom trSwonmudk y,f f G f k f azsmufEiay\/ kd f xkYd aMumifh jrwfpmbk&m;\ tarGawmfjzpfaom bm0em arGYavQmaom olwYkd\ ae&mjzpfaom G f qdwNf idraom opfyif&if;udk tajrmtjrif PfynmESihf jynfpaom &[ef;onf rxDrjhJ rifryyJ f f h kH tav;tjrwfy&m\? onfum; tEkomoeDaywnf;/ qdkcNhJ yD;onfum; kur"wif aqmufwnfykH usifytpDt&if tjym; ysufjcif; tusKd; tmedoifwYdk ukd l k h kH zGijhf yaom pum;wnf;/

10-taAmumodu "kwifudk jyqdkcsuf


33/ taAmumodu"kwifuvnf; kd ]]qEO kurlvO y#dudygrd-trd;udvnf; y,fyg\? opfyif&if;udvnf; y,fyg\}}/ k k k ]]taAmumodu* orm'd,mrd-trd;rSaom [if;vif;jyift&yf aeavhaom &[ef;\ k d dS taMumif;t*Fg apwemudk aqmufwnfyg\}}/ [laom pum; 2-rsK;wdYk wif wrsK;rsK;aom pum;jzifh aqmufwnftyf\/ (onfum; aqmufwnfyay d G d d kH wnf;/) usiykH tpDt&ifum; taAmumodu"kwifaqmifaom xd&[ef;tm; w&m;em&efjzpfap? Oykof y&efjzpfap hf k OykotroYkd 0if&ef tyf\/ 0ifNyD;aomtcg rd;Gmjim;tH?h rd;GmaepOf rxGur rd;pJaomtcg xGutyf\/ qGr;pm; f d f k k f l k f f ausmif;odYk jzpfap rD;wif;ukyoYkd jzpfap0if 0wfyjcif;iSgtyf\? qGr;pm;ausmif; rax&fBuD; &[ef;wkYd ukd qGr;jzifh f f f (0if) yefMum;&eftyf\/ ygVdoifay;aom q&m&[ef;onfif; ygVd oif,aom wynf&[ef;onfif; (ygVd l h oifqJ tcsde) trd;atmufoYdk 0ifjcif;iSgtyf\/ tjyify raumif;ojzifh xm;tyfueaom anmifapmif;tif;ysOf f k k f ponfwYkd ukd twGi;odYk oGi;jcif;iSgvnf;tyf\/ c&D;oGm;aom &[ef;onf 73 oDwif;BuD; &[ef;wkYd \ y&du&mudk f f ,lxm;onf jzpft?hH rd;Gmvwfaomf vrf;tv,f (vrf;ay:) wnfaom (&ifc) Z&yfoYkd 0ifjcif;iSg tyf\? k JG (oDwif;BuD; &[ef;wkYd \) y&du&m wpHwckukd ,lwm;onf r[kwjf im;tH?h Z&yf &yfwnf (rd;ck)tH[k BuHvsuf k k d h vsifaomt[kejf zifh oGm;jcif;iSgrtyf/ odYk aomf oGm;k;oGm;pOfjzifom; (Z&yfoYkd ) 0ifNyD;vwfaomf rd;qJonf d h G k wkiatmif (Z&yf)wnf oGm;tyf\/ onfum; xdtaAmumodu "kwifaqmif &[ef;\usifykH tpDt&ifay d f k h wnf;/ kurl "kwifaqmif &[ef;\ (usiytpDt&if)vnf; (w&m;em&ef jzpfap ponfjzifh qdcaom) fh kH k hJ taAmumodu\ usiyenf;udyifvQi?f 0g-usifenf; twdi;yifvQif odtyf\/ hf kH k h k f tjym;tm;jzifrum; taAmumodu "kwifaqmif yk*Kd vfonfvnf; oH;yg;tjym;S\/ xdwif OuXf h l k d k G yk*Kd vftm; opfyifuif; awmifuif; tdruif; uyfraejcif;iSgrtyf? [if;vif;jyif t&yfomvQif ouFe;jzifh kd kd f kd DS f rd;aom uk#D y aeoif\/ rZHKyk*Kd vftm; opfyifawmif tdrwUdk udk uyfr twGi;r0ifyJ aejcif;iSgtyf\/ rk'k k h f DS f yk*Kd vftm; (rd;r,datmif) trd;toGijf zifh ytyfaom tydi;tjcm; rSaom awmifcsKdihf awmif0r;onfif; opfcuf k k k k f d S f wkYd jzifh usJusJr;aom r@yfonfif; upDwifaom za,mif;ykq; trd;onfif; v,fapmifom; ponfwYdk kd kd k h pGeYf xm;aom xdt&yf wnfaom wJuyonfif; tyf\/ onfum; (taAmumodu "kwifaqmif yk*Kd vftjym; k k f wnf;/) xdrwyg; oH;yg;aom yk*Kd vfwYkd \ "kwifonf aejcif;tusKd;iSg trd;atmufoYkd if; opfyif&if;odYk if; k S k k 0ifaomcP ysuf\/ ]]xdtrd;atmuf opfyif&if; odvsuf tkPfwufapumrQ (ysufonf)}}[k t*Fw& k k k edum,faqmifwUkd u (qdMk u\)/ onfum; taAmumodu"kwif ysufjcif;aywnf;/ qdvwHonfum; tusKd;tmedoifaywnf;? (1) tm0go yvdaAm"\ jywfjcif;? (2) xderd'ukd k h y,fazsmufEijf cif;? (3) ]]&[ef;wkYd onf orifwYdk uoYkd Nidw,jf cif;rSyJ oGm;ukeonfjzpf ae&mausmif; rSueyJ dk hJ G d f d k f

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aeMuuke\}}[k (ewf\) csD;rGr;jcif;tm; avsmfonf\ tjzpf? (4) t&dytm0go Nidw,jf cif; rSonf\tjzpf? f f f G d (5) t&yfav;rsufEmwdYk tydwtyifuif;aom oGm;jcif; Sonf\tjzpf? (6) typwm ponfwYdk tm;avsmaom S f d d f tusifhSdonf\ tjzpf/ onfum; taAmumodu"kwif\ tusKd;tmedoifaywnf;/ tdraevlwYkd \ pD;yGg;a&; tvkytudif rSonf&[ef;tjzpf tm;avsmfaom &vG,vpmaom f f k d h f S G Mu,fwm&mwdYk jzifNh yD;onfh ywjrm;rsuEmMuufaom vwnf;[laom qDr;cGuBf uD;jzifh f S dS D xGe;vif; awmufy&mjzpfaom [if;vif;jyif xderd'ukd y,fazsmufvsuf orifpwozG,f f d f jzpfaom pdwjf zifaeaom bm0em arGYavsmaysmyujf cif; Sonf\tjzpfuraom &[ef;onf/ h f f kd d kd DS qdwNf idrjf cif;aMumifjh zpfaom psmefr*fzvcsr;om[laom om,mzG,t&omudk rMumrDyif &Edif kd f f f k ay\/ xdYk aMumifh ynmSaom yk*Kd vfonf [if;vif;jyift&yf arGYavsmf aysmfyuonf jzpf&m d kd f \/ onfum; tEkomoeDaywnf;/ qdcNhJ yD;onfum; taAmumodu"kwif aqmufwnfykH usifykH tpDt&if tjym; ysufjcif; tusKd; k h tmedoifwYdkukd zGijhf yaom pum;aywnf;/

11-okomef"kwifudk jyqdkcsuf
74 34/ okomef"kwifudkvnf; ]]eokomeH y#duygrd-okomefr[kwaom t&yfukd y,fyg\}}/ d f ]]aomomedu* orm'd,mrd-okomef aeavhaom &[ef;\taMumif; t*Fgapwemudk dS aqmufwnfyg\}}/ [laom pum; 2-rsK;wdYk wif wrsK;rsK;aompum;jzifh aqmufwnftyf\/ (onfum; aqmufwnfyaywnf;/) d G d d kH usiyum; okomef"wifaqmifaom xd&[ef;onf Gmopfukd wnfaxmifueaom vlwYkd onf ]]t&yf hf kH k k k f onf okomefjzpfap}} [l tMuift&yfudk ydi;jcm;rSwom;uke\? xdrwom; umrQjzpfaom t&yf raeoifao;/ k f f f k S f h taMumif;rlum; olaoaumifukd rzkw&ao; (rjrKyf&ao;) onfaomf xdrwom; tyfumrQ jzpfaom t&yfonf f dS k S f okomefrrnf;ao;aomaMumifaywnf;/ pifppfaomfum; olaoaumifzwNf yD; (jrKyfNyD;) aomumvrSp 12-ESpf h k wdiatmif (olaoaumif rzkwyJ rjrKyfy) pGeYf ypfxm;tyfaomfvnf; xdt&yfonf okomefrnfonfomwnf;/ k f f J k txl;owdyzG,um; xkoomefaeaom &[ef;onf pBur@yf ponfwYdkukd yap anmifapmif; tif;ysOf f d k udk cif;ap aomufa& oH;a&udk wnfxm;ap w&m;pmayudk oifMum;ydYk csvsuf raetyf/ "kwifonf k aqmifEic av;vH\? xkYd aMumifh jzpfay:Ediaom ab;&efukd y,fazsmuf&eftwGuf oHCmhrax&fuif;? rif;u kd f J k f kd cefYxm;aom GmolBuD;paom yk*Kd vfuif; (rdroomef aeaMumif;ud) odap (ab;&efrawGY &atmif) rarhravsmh kd d k k aetyf\/ pBu<uonf Saomf xuf0ufaom rsupjd zifh olaumifzw&m (jrKyf&m) t&yfukd Munfvsuf pBuom; d f k f h G tyf\/ okomefoYkd oGm;aomtcgvnf; oGm;k;vrf;rrS zJ oGm;k;r[kwaom jzwfvrf;jzifh (vQKdYvQKYd 0Su0u) d d f f S f oGm;tyf\/ aeYcif;uyif (oGm; opfiwf opfyif awmifyYkd ponfjzifh nOftcg rdYk rYkd rrJ jrifaumif; aom) tmkukd k h J H ydi;jcm;rSwom;xm;tyf\/ tusKd;um; odYk rSwom;xm;onf Saomf nOhtcg xdopfiwf paom 0wKonf k f f f d f k k xk&[ef;tm; (waptoGi) aMumufz,wifonf rjzpfvwH/ nOftcg bDv;wkYd onf [pfatmfue vSnvnf d f G f h h l k f hf ukeaomfvnf; (xdbv;wdYk u) wpHwckaom ajrcJ ausmufcponfjzifh rypfcwftyf/ okomefoYkd waeYrQaomf f k D l kd k J vnf; roGm;bJaejcif;iSg rtyf/ ]]okomef oef;acgif,mrfukd ukeap rd;aomuf,mrf okomefrS zJjcif;iSg f k oif\}}[k t*Fw&edum,faqmif q&mwkYd u qkue\/ bDv;wdYk uduEpf oufaom (qDaxG;) ESr;axmif; h k d k f l f S f yJxrif; ig; trJ EkYd &nf qD wifvJ tpSaom cJb,pm;zG,ukd rrS0tyf? 'g,umwkYd troYkd (okomefrS tjyef) d G f f D J d f r0iftyf/ onfum; xkoomef"wifaqmif &[ef;\ usifykH tpDt&ifaywnf;/ d k k h

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tjym;tm;jzifrum; okomef"wifaqmif yk*Kd vfonfvnf; 3-yg;tjym;Sd\/ xdwif OuXy*Kd vfonf h l k k G f k tMuifoomef olaoaumifukd (aeYpOf) rjywfzwjf cif; olaoaumif\ tykyeYH rjywfjcif;ESihf (aeYpOf) rjywf k k f ida<u;oHwYkd onf Sue\? xdoomefomvQif aetyf\? rZHKyk*Kd vftm; rjywfzwjf cif; tykyeYH rjywfjcif; rjywf k d k f k k k f idka<u;oH [laom 3-yg;wdYk wif wyg;yg;Saomfvnf; aejcif;iSg tyf\/ rk'y*Kd vftm; aS; qdcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzifh G d k k k okomefvuPmodYk a&mufumrQjzpfaom okomef aejcif;iSgtyf\/ (onfum; okomef "kwifaqmif yk*Kd vf tjym;aywnf;/) xkdrSwyg; 3-yg;aom yk*Kd vfwYdk \ "kwifonf okomefr[kwaom t&yfaejcif;udk yaomaMumifh ysuf f \/ ]]okomefoYkd roGm;aomaeY ysufonf}}[k t*Fw&edum,faqmif q&mwdYk u qdue\/ onfum; k k k f okomef"wif ysujf cif;aywnf;/ k qdvwHonfum; tusKd;tmedoifaywnf;? (1) ao&acsth[k trSwowdukd &jcif;? (2) rarhravsmh k h H f aeavhSdonf\ tjzpf? (3) tokbtmkerwukd &jcif;? (4) umr&m*udk y,fazsmufEijf cif;? (5) ud,cEm\ H d d f dk k f tokboabmudk tzefwvJvjJ rifEijf cif; 75 (6) oHa0*tjzpfrsm;jcif;? (7) (zsm;em tdrif; aoolwYkd ukd dk k jrif&aomaMumif) use;rmjcif; ysKEjk cif; toufijf cif;rS jzpfaom rmef,pfruy,fEijf cif;? (8) ab;BuD; h f d S D I kd dk ab;i,fukd onf;cHEijf cif;? (9) ewfwYkd tav;ytyf csD;rGr;tyfonf\ tjzpf? (10) typwm ponfwYdk kd f d tm;avsmfaom tusifonf\tjzpf? onfum; okomef"wif\ tusKd;tmedoifaywnf;/ h dS k okomefaeavhaom &[ef;udk tdyaysmfaepOfaomfvnf; arhavsmhjcif; [laom tjypfwYdk onf dS f aojcif;w&m;udk atmufarhrI bm0em\ tmEkabmfaMumifh (tdyruftvdtm;jzif) rxdyg; f k h rESypufEiue/ rsm;pGmaom olaoaumifwYkdukd rsu0g;xifxif awGYjrif&aomaMumifh d f kd f k f f xdoomef aeavhaom &[ef;\ pdwonfvnf; umr*kPtmk tzefwvJvJ wyfpaom k k dS f f H JG &m*\ tvdoYkd vduonfaomfvnf; rjzpfay/ k k f tBuD;tus,f xdwvefYjcif;okYd a&mufaomaMumifh rmef,pfjcif;odYk ra&mufawmfay/ xkYd jyif f h Nidr;at;&m edAmefuvvm;awmifwonf jzpf aumif;pGmtm;xkw\/ qdcaomenf;jzifh f kd kd h f k hJ rsm;pGmaom *kPaus;Zl;wkUd udk aqmifwwf-jzpfapwwfaomaMumifh edAmefoYkdwonfh f G f pdwEv; Saoma,m*Donf okomef"wifukd rjywfr0oifvay\/ onfum; tEkomoeD f S kH d k DS J h S aywnf;/ qdcNhJ yD;onfum; okomef"wif aqmufwnfykH usifytpDt&if tjym; ysufjcif; tusKd; tmedoif k k h kH wkYd ukd zGijhf yaompum;wnf;/

12-,xmoEwd"kwifudk jyqdkcsuf
35/ ,xmoEw"wifuudvnf; d k k ]]aoemoeavmvkyH y#duygrd-ausmif;tdy&mae&m vQyfay: rufarmaom wPSmudk d f y,fyg\}}/ ]],xmoEwu* orm'd,mrd-TeMf um;csxm;wdi;aom ausmif;tdy&m ae&m aeavh d k f f Saom &[ef;\ taMumif;t*Fg apwemudk aqmufwnfyg\}}/ d [laom pum; 2-rsK;wdYk wif wrsK;rsK;aom pum;jzifh aqmufwnftyf\/ (onfum; aqmufwnfykH d G d d aywnf;/) usiyum; ,xmoEw"wifaqmifaom xd&[ef;onf ]]ausmif;onf oiftm;a&muf\}} [k tMuif hf kH d k k h ausmif;udk (csxm;a&;yk*Kd vfu) xk"wifaqmif&[ef;tm; ,laptyf (csxm;tyf)\ xdcsxm;aom ausmif;jzifh d k k omvQif auseyfa&mif&tyf\? wyg;aom oDwif;i,f &[ef;udk (&NyD;ae&mrS) rxaptyf/ onfum;xdk J ,xmoEw"wifaqmif &[ef;\ usifytpDt&ifaywnf;/ d k h kH

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(1) tm0goyvdaAm"
(ausmif;onfyifvQif tm0goyvdaAm"rnf\-[laom) xdpum;&yf wducef;wckujkd zpfap? y&d0Pf wck k k f k udjk zpfap? tvH;pHaom oHCmhtm&mrfujkd zpfap ausmif;-[kqtyfayonf/ xdausmif;onf tvH;pHaom a,m*D k k kd k k k tm;yif yvdaAm"jzpfonf r[kway/ ausmif;wGif trIupponfwYkd aMumifMh upduaomol (oydwf ouFe; f d k f f paom)rsm;pGmaom ypn;wkYd ukd odror;qnf;xm;aomol wpHwckaom taMumif;aMumifh iJuujf cif;Sonfjzpf f k DS d f k h G d wG,wmaom pdwowYkd tm;omvQif yvdaAm" jzpf \/ rSwyg;aomoltm; rjzpfay/ f f dS l xdoYkd yvdaAm"rjzpf&m qdvwHaom 0wKudk (rSwtyfayonf)/ ESpa,mufaom trsKd;aumif;om; k k h f f wkYd onf tEk&m"rdYrS xGucNhJ yD;vQif tpOftwki;oGm; xlygkHausmif; &[ef;yMuukeowwf/ xdk &[ef;ESpyg; f d f f f wkYd wif wyg;onf a'Grmwdumudk EIwwuf&atmify ig;0gSvwfaomtcg y0g&PmyNyD;vQif ygpdec@&mZf G f d rnfaom t&yfoYkd <uoGm;av\/ wyg;url xdxygkausmif;yif oDwif;oH;ae\/ ygpde c@&mZdt&yfoYkd k l H k <uoGm;aom &[ef;onf xdt&yf MujrifpmaeNyD;aemuf (q,f0g jynfajrmuf) ax&ftjzpfoYkd a&mufaomtcg k h G h ]]t&yfonf wud,wnf; ude;atmif;bdYk &m oifavsmf\? ,ckrwaqGtm;vnf; xd(t&yf taMumif;)udk k f f h d f k ajymMum;tH}h }[k BuHpnfav\/ (xdoYkd BuHpnfNyD;aemuf) xdt&yfrS xGucNhJ yD;vQif tpOftwdi;oGm; xlygkausmif; k k f k f H okYd 0ifav\/ 0ifvmpOfyifvQif xdk rax&fukd jrifvwfaomf 0gwljzpfaom (rdwaqG) rax&fonf c&D;OD;udq f kd oydwf ouFe;udk ,lum;0wfy\/ tm*EKrax&fonf ausmif;odYk 0ifNyD;aemuf ]]ig\taqGonf axmywfujkd zpfap f wifvujkd zpfap tazsmfujkd zpfap ,cktydYk vwvrrnf? ydYk Eip&mtaMumif;uawmh taqGonf rdY taeMum J T f d hf kd f ayNyD}} [k BuHawG; ajrmvif\/ xdk (tm*EK) rax&fonf nnftcg (ajrmonftwdi;) r&vwfaomf eHeuftcg f h h f h k f ]]tvkytauR; 'g,umwdYk ,lvmaom ,m*kcz,ukd ,cktydYk vwayvdrrnf}}[k BuHawG;ajrmvifjh yef\/ xdk ,m*k f J G f T f hf f cJz,uvnf; rjrifvwfaomf ]]ydYk o'g,umrsm; rSMd uay? (GmodYk qGr;cH) 0ifaomtcg vMuvdrrnfxif\}}[k G f kd l f hf BuHawG;vsuf eHeufapmapmuyifvQif xdk (tm0godu) rax&fEitwl GmodYk 0ifav\/ xd&[ef;ESpyg;wdYk onf S hf k f wckaom vrf;udk vSnvnfqr;cHonfaomf wrIwrQaom ,m*ku& qGr;pm;Z&yf xdiNf yD;vQifaomufMu\/ hf G f dS f kd f k xdYk aemif tm*EKrax&fonf ]]tNrJwrf; ,m*k0wf S[efrwlay? ,ckqr;pm;csdeumv vlwYkd onf rGejf rwfaom d G f f qGr;udvM uayvdrrnf}}[k BuHawG;jyef\/ xdYk aemuf qGr;pm;csdevnf; qGr;cHvnvnf& (tyf)aom qGr;udk f k hf f f f S hf f omvQif bke;ay;MuNyD;aemuf (tm*EKrax&fu) ]]tSib&m; tcgcyfor; odYk (yif) rQwaeygoavm}}[k f f k d f tm0godu rax&fukd ar;jref;avonf/ ]][kway\ighi}f }[k (jyefMum;ajymqdav\ )/ ]]tSifbk&m; ygpdec@&mZd f S k t&yfonf csrf;omygonf? xdt&yfoYkd oGm;Muyguket}hH }[k (tm*EKrax&fuavQmufxm;\)/ tm0godu k f rax&fonf rdYrS awmifwcg;jzifh xGu td;xde;onf Gmvrf;odYk <uav\/ tm*EKrax&fonf ]]tSifbk&m; H f k f vrf;odYk tb,faMumifh <uygoenf;}}[k ar;\/ ]]ighSifoifonf ygpdec@&mZdt&yf\ *kPaus;Zl;udk ajymqdk h f onf r[kwavm}}[k (ajz\)/ tm*EKrax&fu ]]tSib&m; tSib&m;wdYk tm; rQavmuf umvywfv; ae&m f f k f k kH t&yf wpHwckaom tydy&du&m rSygoavm}}[k (ar;\)/ ]]rSdyg ighSif anmifapmif;ESifh tif;ysOfonf oHCdu k k d jzpf\? xdanmifapmif; ESihf tifysOfuvnf; odr;qnf; (tyf)NyD;omvQijf zpf\? tjcm;ypn; wpHwckrQrSyg}}[k k kd f f k d (tm0g odurax&fu ajym\)/ ]]tSib&m; wynfawmfrmrl 88 awmifa0S; qDusnfawmuf bdeyftwwYkd onf f k h S d f

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xdk (xlygk) ausmif; yif SMd uygao;onf}}[k (tm*EKrax&fu avQmuf\)/ ]]ighSifoifonf waeYwm (rQ) ae H rQavmuf (rsm;jym; aomy&du&m)udk xm;cJayoud;}}[k (tm0godurax&fu tHtm;oifvsufajymMum;\)/ h k h h ]]rSeygonf tSib&m;}}([k tm*EKrax&fu 0efcavQmufxm;\)/ xdtm*EKrax&fonf Munfaom pdwonf f f k H k kd f dS jzpf tm0godu rax&fukd Sc;NyD;vQif ]]tSib&m; tSib&m;uJoYkd aom yk*Kd vfwYdk tm; tvH;pHaomt&yfwYkd d kd f k f k h k k (rnfonfh ae&m rqd) awm aeonfom rnfygonf? xlygkapwDonf av;qlaom jrwfpmbk&m;wkYd \ k H G y&dabm* "mwfawmfrsm;ESihf o&D&"mwfawmfrsm;udk Xmyem&mt&yfjzpfygonf? aMu;jymom'f oifavsmaom h f w&m;awmfrsm;udk emMum;jcif; r[mapwDukd zl;ajrmfjcif; rax&fwYdkukd zl;ajrmfjcif;rsm;udvnf; &(tyf) ygayonf? k jrwfpmbk&m; yGiawmfraom tcguJoYkd jzpfygayonf? t&yfyif tSib&m;wdYk oDwif;oH;awmfrMl uyguke}f }[k G hf l h f k k (avQmufxm;) aemufwaeY oydwouFe;ud,Nl yD;vQif rdrcsn;omvQif <uoGm;av\/ um;0wKwnf;/ f f k d f tm0godurax&uJoYkd aom yk*Kd vftm;ausmif;onf yvdaAm" rjzpfay/ (tm0godaAm"ESihf pyfaom pum;&yfNyD;\)/ h

(2) ukvyvdaAm"
aqGrsKd; 'g,umudjk zpfap? tvkytauR; 'g,umudjk zpfap (ukv) 'g,um-[k (qdtyfayonf)/ rSeay f k f \? ]]'g,umwkdY csrf;omonfaomf rdrvnf; csrf;om\}} tpSaom enf;jzifh ('g,umwdYk Ei) uRrf;cspf ES;aESm dS d d S hf D a&m,Suvsufaeaom tcsKdY&[ef;tm; tvkytauR;'g,umaomfvnf; yvdaAm" jzpf\/ xdoYkd aom &[ef;onf f f k tvkytauR; vl'g,umwdYk Eihf uif; teD;tyg;ausmif;odYk aomfvnf; w&m;em&ef roGm;Ediay/ tcsKdYaom &[ef; f S k f tm;rl trdtbwkYd aomfvnf; yvdaAm"rjzpfMuay? aum&@u ausmif; oDwif;oH;aom rax&f\wl yOi;i,f k f uJoYkdwnf;/ h xdyOi;i,fonf ygVdoif,jl cif;iSg a&m[PZeyk'oYkd <uoGm;owwf/ rax&f\ ESrjzpfaom Oygodumr k f f onfvnf; rax&fukd (om;jzpfo) xdk yOi;i,f\ taMumif;udk tNrJwap ar;avQmuf\/ waeYo rax&fonf l f yOi;i,fukd ac:aqmifrnf[k BuHpnf a&m[PZeyk'oYkd aS;I <uoGm;av\/ yOi;i,fonfvnf; ]]igonf f f f t&yf MumjrifpmaecJNh yD? ,cktcg OyZm,fq&mudk zl;ajrmf rdcif Oygodumr\ taMumif;udvnf; od&NyD;vQif h G k jyefvmtH-[k BuHpnf a&m[PZeyk'rS xGucgcJ\/ xdwO;&D; ESpyg;vH;wdYk onf **Fgjrpfurf; awGYqrMd uav h f f G h k l D f k kH \/ yOi;i,fonf wckaom opfyif&if; rax&ftm; 0wfy\? ]]tb,ft&yfoYkd oGm;rnfenf;}}[k (rax&fu) f ar;vQif rdrvmcJjh cif;taMumif; udk avQmufxm;av\/ rax&fu ]]oifonf (&yfmodYk jyefvmjcif;jzif) aumif;aom d G h trIukd y (tyf)ayonf? (oifr,fawmf) Oygodumronfvnf; tNrJwap (igtm;) ar;avQmufae\? igonfvnf; h (oifukd ac:aqmif&ef) tusKd;iSgomvQif vmcJonf? oifom;ayawmh? igum; t&yfyif 0guyfawmhtHh}}[k h h G rdeYf Mum; yOi;i,fukd vTwvuav\/ yOi;i,fonf 0guyfaom aeYyifvQif xdaum&@u ausmif;odYk f f kd f f k a&mufav\/ ausmif;onfvnf; ol\bcif v'gef;xm;aom ausmif;yif olYtm; usa&mufav\/ xdktcg ol\bcif Oygoumonf aemufwaeY ausmif;odYk vm ]]tSib&m;wkYd ? wynfawmfwYdk \ f k h ausmif;onf tb,f&[ef;awmftm; usa&mufygoenf;}}[k ar;avQmufonfaomf ]]tm*EKyOi;i,ftm; dS f (usa&mufonf)}}[k Mum;& xdyOi;i,fxH csOf;uyfNyD;vQif Sc; ]]tSib&m; wynfawmfwYkd \ ausmif; k f d kd f k h 0guyfaom &[ef;awmftm; 0wfygonf}}[k avQmuf\/ ]]tb,f0wfenf; Oygoum}}[k (ar;vwfaomf) ]]0gwGi; dS f oH;vywfv; wynfawmfwYdk \ tdromvQifqr;cH y0g&PyNyD;aemuf <uoGm;aomtcg (wynfawmfwYkd tm;) k kH h f G f h ajymMum;&ygrnfb&m;}}[k avQmufav\/ yOi;i,fonf qdwqwaejcif;jzifh vufcvu\/ Oygoumonf k f f d f H kd f vnf; tdroYkd jyefom; ]]igwdkY\ausmif; 89 tm*EKtSijf rwfwyg; <ua&mufaeayNyD? kaoaovkyauR;ypk f G d dk f &rnf}}[k ajymav\/ Oygodumronf ]]aumif;ygNyD}}[k0efc rGejf rwfaom cJb,abmZOfukd pDrav\/ H G f H yOi;i,fonfvnf; qGr;pm;csde (rdb) aqGrsKd;tdroYkd <uav\/ (odYk &mwGi) xdyOi;i,fukd wpHwa,mufrQ f f f f f k f k rrSwracs/ f d yOi;i,fonf oH;vywfv; xdtryif qGr;bkO;ay; 0guRwfvwfaomf ]]OD;yOi;oGm;awmhrnf}}[k f k kH k d f f f f yefMum;av\/ xdtcg yOi;i,ftm; aqGrsKd;wdYk u ]]tSib&m; eufjzefrS <uyguke}f }[k (avQmufxm;MuNyD;vQif) k f f k aemufwaeY tdrrmyif qGr;uyfvsuf qDusnfawmufukd tjynfxnfay;NyD;vQif wifvJ wcJEihf ud;awmifaom f S f h h S k dS t0wfuv ]]<uMuayawmh tSib&m;}}[k avQmufMuav\/ yOi;i,fonf tEkarm'emw&m; a[mMum;NyD; kd f k f vQif a&m[PZeyk'oYkd aS;I<uoGm;av \/ f

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yOi;i,f\ (OD;&D;awmf) OyZm,fq&monfvnf; y0g&PyNyD; c&D;&ifqivmvwfaomf aS;u awGYqchJ f kd f kH &mt&yfyifvQif xdyOi;i,udk awGYav\/ yOi;i,fonf wckaom opfyif&if; rax&ftm; 0wfy\/ xdktcg k f f yOi;i,fukd ]]rsufEm Tiomaom ighif oifonf (r,fawmf) Oygodumrudk awGYcNhJ yDavm}}[k rax&fu ar;av\/ f S f S yOi;i,fonf ]]awGYcygNyD tSib&m;}}[k (tpcsDum) taMumif;pHukd avQmufxm;NyD;vQif (rdbtdrr&cJaom) xdqD f hJ f k k f S h k jzifh rax&f\ajcwdYk ukd yGwvr; wifvcjJ zifh tazsmfazsmf (umuyf) NyD;vQif xdt0wfpudvnf; rax&ftm;yif f d f J k k vNyD;aemuf rax&fuc; ]]tSib&m;wynfawmftm; a&m[PZeyk'onfomvQif avsmufywfygonf}}[k kd dS kd f k h f (avQmufxm;) oGm;av\/ rax&fonfvnf;ausmif;odYk vma&mufNyD;vQif aemufwaeY aum&@uGmodYk 0ifav \/ Oygodumronfvnf; ]]ig\ tpfukd (rax&f)onf ighom;udk ac: ,ck vmvdrrnf}}[k tNrJrjywfvrf; hf udk arQmfMunfvsufomvQif wnfae\/ xdOygodumronf wyg;wnf;omvQif <uvmaomrax&fukd jrifvwf h dS k aomf ]]ig\om;onf aoavNyDxifonf? rax&fonf wyg;wnf;omvQif <uawmfrvm\}}[k (pOf;pm;rdojzif) l h rax&f\ ajc&if;0yf zGYJ EYJG jrnfwrf;vsuf ida<u;\/ rax&fonf ]]yOi;i,fonf tvdenf;yg;jcif;aMumifh rdrukd k f k d rodaprlomvQif oGm;[efwayonf}}[k xd(ESr) Oygodumrudk ESporap tjzpfoepf tvH;pHukd ajymMum;NyD; l k f d hf k k vQif oydwtw(xJ)rS xdk (yOi;i,f vvuaom) t0wfpudk xkw jyav\/ f d f f kd f f Oygodumronf MunfaomaMumifh om;yOi;i,fom;&mt&yfoYkd aS;Ium &ifjzifh 0yf Sc;vsuf ]]ig\ kd f G d kd om;ESiwaom &[ef;udk rsuarSmufoufaoy jrwfpmbk&m;onf &x0dewokw vmaomtusiuif; hf l f G D f fh kd emvu&[ef;tm; a[maomarmae,s tusifuif; wk0uokwvmaom tusifuif; ypn;av;yg; h kd f h kd f a&mi &jJ cif;ESihf bm0em arGYavsmjcif;udk jywwfaom r[mt&d,0Ho tusiuif; a[mawmfrc[ef wlayonf? hf hf kd l hJ arG;onfrcif\ tdroH;vywfv; qGr;bkO;ay;aeygvsufvnf; 90 ]OD;yOi;u 'g,dumrBuD;\om;? 'g,d h d f k kH f f f umrBuD;u ODyOi;\ r,fawmf}[k rQudaomfrS rajymyJ aeEdiawmfrygayonf? tHBh obG,f a,musfm;ygwum;}} f k k f l [k ajymqdavQmufxm;av\/ odYk oabmSaom &[ef;tm; trdtbwkYd aomfrvnf; yvdaAm"rjzpfay? k d S tjcm;aom tvkytauR; 'g,umrlum; tb,fqb,&mStenf;/ ukvyvdaAm"ESihf pyfaom pum;&yfNyD;\/ f kd G f d hH

(3) vmbfyvdaAm"
ypn;av;yg;wdYk ukd vmbf-[k (qdtyfayonf)/ xdypn;av;yg;wdYk onf tb,foYkd vQif yvdaAm"jzpf f k k f oenf;/ tajzum; bke;uHBuD;rm;aom &[ef;tm; a&mufav&m&mt&yf vlwYkd onf rsm;jym;aom tNcHt&Haom f dS ypn;wdYk ukd v'gef;Mu\/ xd&[ef;onf xdvwYdk tm; tEkarm'emyvsuf w&m;a[m&onfjzpf &[ef; w&m;udk f k k l tm;xkwjf cif;iSg tcGir&awmhay/ aetkPwufonfrS yXr,mrfwiatmif vlwYkd Eia&m,SurI rjywfawmhay/ hf f kd f S hf f wzef rd;vif;vke; eHeufapmapmBuD;yif ypn;rsm;jcif;udk vdvm;aom yd@ygwf"wifaqmif &[ef;wkYd onf vmMu k D f k k ]]tSifbk&m; rnfaom Oygoumonf Oygodumronf trwfonf trwf\orD;onf tSib&m;wkYd ukd f k zl;ajrmfvygonf}}[kavQmufMu\/ xkbe;BuD;aom &[ef;onf ]ighioydwouFe;udk ,lcavmh}[k (tvkytauR; kd d k f S f f f hJ f wynfh &[ef;udk apcdi;) oGm;jcif;iSg pDr&\/ enf;jzifh ('g,umwdYk ukd cs;ajrmufjcif;) tNrJaMumifMh upduf k f H D k &\/ xkoYkd aom &[ef;tm;omvQif xdypn;av;yg;wkYd onf yvdaAm"jzpfMuayonf/ xdbe;BuD;aom &[ef;onf d k f k k f 'g,umtaygif;udk pGefYcGg rdrduoowYdk rSMd u&mt&yf wyg;wnf; usifoifayonf/ odYk usifonfaomf dk d l h h h dS xdk yvdaAm"jywfav\? vmbyvdaAm"ESihf pyfaom pum;&yfNyD;\/

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(4) *dkPf;yvdaAm"
okweaqmif*P;udjk zpfap? tbd"rmaqmif*P;udjk zpfap *dkPf;-[k (qdtyfayonf)/ xk*P;tm; ygVdukd f kd f kd f k d kd f jzpfap t|uxmudk jzpfapydYk csay;&onfjzpf &[ef;w&m; (tm;xkwjf cif;)\ tcGir&aom &[ef;tm;omvQif hf *dP;onf yvdaAm" jzpfayonf/ (*dP;yvdaAm"Saom) xd&[ef;onf xdyvdaAm"udk qdvwHtwdi; jzwftyf k f k f d k k k h k f \/ tu,f xdk (oif,o) &[ef;wdYk onf rsm;pGmoif,l (tyf) NyD;onfjzpf t<uif;tusef enf;onf jzpft?hH xdk l l t<uif;tusefukd tNyD;owf awmodYk 0iftyf\? tu,f tenf;i,fom oif,&ao;onfjzpf t<uif;tusef l rsm;ao;onfjzpft?Hh w,lZemxuf tvGeroGm;yJ w,lZemtydi; tjcm;twGi; *dP;tm; pmayydYk cswwfaom f k f f k f tjcm;&[ef;odYk csOf;uyf ]] &[ef;wdYk ukd tSionf ygVdoifay;jcif; ponfwYdk jzifh csD;ajrmufawmfryg}}[k ajymqdk f l avQmufxm;tyf\/ odYk (vTtyf&rnfh yk*Kd vfu) r&aom&[ef;onf ]]ighiwYkd ighrmudpwckae\? oifwYkdonf J kd S f S dS csrf;om&m t&yfrsm;odYk oGm;Muyguke}f }[k (qd) *dP;udpeYf NyD;vQif rdr\ &[ef;udpukd yoifayonf/ *kP; k k f k G d h d f yvdaAm"ESihf pyfaom pum;&yfNyD;\/

(5) trIudpyvdaAm"
trIopfukd trIup-[k (qdtyfayonf)/ xdtrIupukd yaom &[ef;onf vuform; ponfwYdk (vkyc) d k k d f &onf r&onfukd odtyf\/ yNyD;aomtrI ry&ao;aomtrI (odatmif) aMumifMh updu&\/ xkYd aMumifh k f tcgcyfor; yvdaAm"jzpfayonf/ xdtrIup[aom yvdaAm"udvnf; qdvwHtwdi; jzwftyf\/ tu,f d f k d l k k h k f (trIuponf) tenf;i,f <uif;usefaejim;tH?h NyD;qH;aptyf\/ tu,f (t<uif;tusef) rsm;jim;tH?h (xd) d k k trIuponf oHCmhtrIupj zpfrl oHCmtm;jzpfap oHCmh0efaqmif &[ef;wkYd tm;jzpfap vTtyfoif\/ rdrd\ d d J h trIupj zpfrl rdr0efaqmify*Kd vfwYdk tm; vTtyfoif\/ xdoYkd oabm Saom (vTtyf&rnf)olukd r&aom&[ef;onf d d k J h k d J h oHCm tm; pGeYf oGm;oifayonf/ trIupyvdaAm"ESihf pyfaom pum;&yfNyD;\/ h d

(6) c&D;yvdaAm"
91 c&D;oGm;jcif;udk c&D;-[k (qdtyfayonf)/ tMuif&[ef;tm; wpHwckaom t&yf Sif yay;&rnfh k k Siavmif;aomfvnf; Sjd im;tH?h &oifh &xduaom wpHwckaom ypn;aomfvnf; Sjd im;tH?h tu,f (xdk f k f k f Siavmif;) xdypn;udk r&vQif onf;rcHEiygrl awmodYk 0if &[ef;w&m;udk tm;xkwf aeaomfvnf; c&D;oGm; f k f kd f vdaom pdwukd azsmufEic\? xdYk aMumifh oGm; xdtrIukd NyD;qH;apNyD;rSomvQif &[ef;w&m; aMumifMh updujf cif;k f kd f J k k k tm;xkwjf cif;udk yoifayonf/ c&D;yvdaAm"ESihf pyfaom pum;&yf NyD;\/ h

(7) wdyvdaAm"
aqGrsKd;-[lonfum; ausmif;q&m OyZm,fq&m twlaewynfh teD;aewynfh OyZm,fwl oDwif; oH;abmf q&mwlowif;oH;abmfwYdk onf (aqGrsKd;rnf\)/ tdrf trd tb tpfudk odkYtpSdaom olwdkYonf k D k (aqGrsKd; rnf\)/ xdq&mponfwYdkonf ruse;rrmukevwfaomf a,m*D &[ef;\ yvdaAm"jzpfue\/ k f f k f xkYd aMumifh xdq&mpaom yk*Kd vfwYkdukd vkyauR;ypk yuwdtwdi; usef;rmatmif yjcif;jzifh xdyvdaAm"udk k f k f k jzwftyf\/ xdq&mponfwYdkwif aS;OD;pGm (jy&efrm) OyZm,fonf ruse;rrmjzpf a&m*grSvsipm rxjim;tH?h k G S f f G woufv;aomfvnf; vkyauR;ypktyf\/ Sif yay;aom o&P*Hq&m &[ef;yay;aom ur0gq&m twlae kH f k wynfh rdru ur0gzwf &[ef;yay;xm;aom teD;aewynfh o&P*Hay; Sif yay;xm;aom teD;aewynfh d k OyZm,fwl oDwif;oH;abmfwYkd uvnf; xdYk twlyif vkyauR;ypktyf\/ ed,nf;q&m usrf;*efoifMum;ay;aom k kd f q&m ed,nf;,lwynfh usrf;*efoif,onfh wynhf q&mwl oD;wif;oH;abmfwYdk urum; ed,nf; l k kd l (odYk r[kw) usr;*ef oifMum;rI rjywfao;orQ umvywfv; vkyauR;ypktyf\/ pGr;Ediygrl xdYk xuftvGevnf; f f kH f f k f f vkyauR;ypktyfonfomwnf;/ f trdtbwkYd OyZm,fuJoYkd usiftyf\/ rdbwkYd onf rif;tjzpf wnfaeapumrl om; (&[ef;)xHrS h h vkyauR;ypkrukd awmifwjim;tH?h vkyauR;ypk&rnfomwnf;/ tu,f rdbwkYd tm; aq;rSjd im;tH?h rdrypn;udk f I h f d f

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ay;&rnf/ (rdrvnf; aq;) rSvwfaomf aq;tvcaom tusifjh zifh SmazG ay;&rnfomwnf;/ nDtpfukd d d H tpfr ESrwdYk tm;rl xdowYkd \ OpmudomvQif aq;azmfpyf ay;&rnf/ tu,f (xdowYdk tm;) aq;rSjd im;tH?h k l k k l rdr\aq;udk tcdutwHh (acs;onfoabmjzif) ay; aemuftcg (tpm;jyef) &vQif ,ltyf\/ r&vQif (xkowYkd d k f h h d l ud) rawmif;tyf/ aqGrsKd;rawmfaom a,mufztm; aq;ukjcif; aq;ay;jcif;iSg rtyfay/ ]]oif\cifyGef; onftm; k ay;avmh}}[k qd (rdr)ESrtm;rl ay;tyf\/ tpfudk\ ZeD;jzpfaom r&D; (odYk r[kw) nD\ZeD;jzpfaom c,frvnf; k d f enf;wlyifwnf;/ xka,mufz c,frwdYk \ om;orD;wkYd onfum; &[ef;\ aqGrsK;wkYd omvQif jzpfaomaMumifh d d aq;uktyfayonf/ aqGrsK;yvdaAm"ESihf pyfaom pum;&yfNyD;\/ d

(8) tema&m*gyvdaAm"
tema&m*g-[lonfum; wpHwckaom tema&m*gwnf;/ xdtema&m*gonf emusifccuf ESypuf k k H d f vwfaomf (&[ef;tm;) yvdaAm" jzpf\/ xkYd aMumifh (xdyvdaAm"ud) aq;ukjcif;jzifh jzwf&rnf/ tu,f k k &uftenf;i,f aq;ukaomfvnf; raysmufNidr;jim;tH?h ]]igonf cEmud,wnf; [laom oif\uRer[kw?f tcpm; f k f f (vnf;) r[kw?f 92 oifuomvQif vkyauR;vsuf tprxifaom oHo&m0#f qif;&JoYkd a&mufc&avNyD}}[k h kd f hJ cEmud,ukd uJ&YJ &[ef;w&m;udomvQif tm;xkwoifayonf/ tema&m*g yvdaAm"ESihf pyfaom pum;&yfNyD;\/ k f h k f h

(9) usrf;*efyvdaAm"
usr;*ef-[lonfum; (yd#uwf[aom) y&d,wfukd aqmifujf cif;wnf;/ xkusrf;*efukd Gwto&Zm,f f l G d f H jcif; ponfjzifh tNrJaMumifMh upduae&aom &[ef;tm; yvdaAm" jzpf\/ tNrJaMumifMh upduf rae&aom&[ef;tm;rl k f k yvdaAm"rjzpfay/ xdyvdaAm"jzpf&m qdvwHonfwYkdum; 0wKrsm;aywnf;/ k k h rZredum,faqmif a'0rax&fonf rv,0goD (rv,t&yf aeaom) a'0rax&f\ txHodkYoGm; d ur|mef;awmif;avowwf/ rv,0goDa'0rax&fonf ]]ighif y&d,wf tb,foYkd aom oabmSoenf;}}[k S d ar;avonf/ ]]rZdredum,fukd EIwwufaqmifygonf bk&m;}}[k (avQmufavonf)/ ]]ighif rZdredum,f f S rnfonf aqmif&ef cufc\? rlvyPmoudk Gwto&Zm,fotm; rZdryPmoonf EIwoYkd a&mufvmwwf\? J f H l f xkrZdryPmoudk Gwto&Zm,faom oltm; Oy&dyPmoonf EIwoYkd a&mufvmwwf\? oiftm; tb,frm d f H f h S vQif ur|mef; (ESv;oGi;rI) jzpfEivrrnfenf;}}[k (rdeYf av\/) ]]tSib&m;wdYk txH ur|mef;udk &NyD;onf kH f kd f d hf f k Saomf (y&d,wfu) aemufwzefjyef rMunfygawmhthH tSib&m;}}[k (avQmufxm;) ur|mef;udk ,lNyD;vQif d kd h f k 19-ESpywfv; GwtH o&Zm,fjcif;udk ryyJ tESpEpq,fajrmuf t&[wzvoYkd a&mufav\/ xdtcg 1 f kH f f S f kd f k o&Zm,fjcif;iSg vmMuukeaom &[ef;wdYk tm; ]]ighiwYdk igonf y&d,wfukd rMunfonfrm tESpEpq,f SayNyD? f S f h S f S f d (odYk aomfvnf;) igonf rZredum,f avhvmaus>yefNyD; jzpf\? tm;xkwMf uyguke}f }[k qdNk yD;vQif tprSp d tqH;wdiatmif tu&mwvH;rQ aomfvnf; xdk (rZredum,faqmif a'0) rax&ftm; ,Hrm;rI rjzpfay/ k k f k d k S ukV,awmif oDwif;oH;aeaom em*rax&fonfvnf; 18-ESpywfv; y&d,wfukd pGeYf vwNf yD;aemuf d k f kH T &[ef;wdYk tm; "mwkuxmudk ydYk csavonf/ tEk&m"rdYae rax&fwYkdEitwl ES;aESmwduqif MunfMh uaom xdk (em* S hf D k f kd rax&fxrS oif,aom) &[ef;wdYk tm; wckaom ynmaomfvnf; tpOfcRwvsuf EIwwufonf rSay/ H l f f d r[m0d[m& ausmif;wduvnf; wdy#uplVmb,rnfaom rax&fonf t|uxmudk roif,yyif k f d l J edum,fig;&yfuoif,Nl yD;aom y&dowf yd#uwfo;yHukd zGiqrnf-[k pnfawmfukd wD;cwf apavonf/ &[ef; kd kH k hf kd oHCmu ]]tb,fq&m\ ydYk cspOfenf;? rdrq&m\ ydYk cspOfuomvQif qdavmh? wyg;aom ydYk cspOfjzifh qdjk cif;iSg (cGi) d kd k hf ray;uket}Hh }[k ajymqdav\/ xdtb,rax&f\ OyZm,fq&muvnf; rdrxH qnf;uyf 0wfyvmpOf xdtb, f k k d k rax&fukd ]]ighif oifonf pnfuw;cwfapoavm}} [k ar;av\/ ]]rSefygonf tSifbk&m;}}[k (avQmuf\)/ S kd D ]]tb,ftaMumif;aMumifenf;}}[k (ar;jyef\)/ ]]y&d,wf (yd#uwf)udk zGiqrnf[k (&nf,aomaMumifyg) tSif h hf kd G f h bk&m;}}[k (avQmuf\)/ ]]ighSif tb, q&mwdYk onf yk'ukd tb,foYkd zGiqMkd uoenf;}}[k (ar;jyef\)/ ]]odkY f hf zGiqMkd uygonf tSib&m;}} [k (avQmuf\)/ OyZm,frax&fu ]][ke}f }[k qdum xm;jrpfvu\/ wzef xdk hf f k k kd f tb,rax&fonf tjcm;tjcm;aom y&d,m,fjzifh ]]odYk zGiqMkd uygonf tSib&m;}}[k oH;Budrwiwif (jyif hf f k k f dk f kd jyif) avQmufxm; jyef\/ OyZm,frax&fu ]][ke}f }[k qdum wm;jrpfNyD;vQif ]]ighif oif 93 yXr qdaom k S k tzGionfomvQif q&mwdYk \ ydYk cspOfjzpfayonf? odYk &mwGif (oifonf) q&mwdYk \ EIwrS oif,(xm;)onf hf f l

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r[kwaomaMumifh ]odYk q&mwdYk zGiqMkd uygonf}[k BuHBh uHwnfjcif;iSg rpGr;EdiyJ Sacsonf/ oGm;ygacs? rdrd f hf h f k f d q&mwdYk \ txH em,lacsOD;}}[k (ajymMum;av\)/ ]]tb,ft&yfoYkd oGm;&rnfenf; tSib&m;}}[k (ar;avQmuf f k \)/ ]]**Fgjrpfwzufwif a&m[PZeyk'0,f wkvm"m&awmifausmif; tvH;pHaom (yd#uwfo;yH) y&d,wf G f k k kH k aumif;pGm ydiEiuRr;usiaom r[m"r&uwrnfaom rax&fonf oDwif;oH; vsuf\? xdrax&f\ txHodkY k f kd f f f d k dS k oGm;avavmh}}[k (TeMf um;av\)/ (plVmb,rax&fonf) ]]aumif;ygNyD tSib&m;}}[k (qd) OyZm,f rax&fukd f k k Sc;NyD;vQif d kd &[ef;ig;&mwkYd EiwuG S hf r[m"r&uw d rax&f\ txHodkYoGm; Sdcdk;vsufaeav\/ t[m"r&uwrax&fu ]]tb,faMumifh vmoenf;}}[k ar;av\/ ]]t|uxm"rukd em,l jcif;iSg (vmygonf) d tSif bk&m;}}[k avQmufav\/ ]]ighitb, 'DCedum,f rZdredum,fwYdk ighukd &Hzef&cgar;Mu\/ <uif;aom S f H edum,furl igonf tESpo;q,fywfv; jyef rMunfpbl;/ odYk aomfvnf; oifonf nOftcg igh\txHwif kd f kH kH h h G ygVdawmfukd jyefjyyg/ igonf oiftm; aeYtcg t|uxmudk ydYk csay;rnf}}[k (ajymMum;av\)/ tb, h rax&fonf ]]aumif;ygNyDtSib&m;}}[k (qd) xdrax&freYf qwi; yvkyav\/ y&d0kPfwHcg; r@yfBuD;udk f k k k d kd kd f f aqmufvyap Gmolmom;wkYd onf aeYwi; aeYwi; w&m;emjcif;iSgvmMu\/ tb,rax&fonf nOftcg k f G kd f kd f h ygVdawmfukd jyef\/ xknOf jyefqaom ygVdawmfukd aeYtcgzGijhf yvsuf r[m"r&uwrax&fonf tpOfojzifh d h kd d a'oemudk NyD;qH;apNyD;vQif (tif;ysOxufrS qif;um) zsmay: xdkif ]]ighSif ightm; ur|mef;udk a[mMum;yg}}[k k f awmif;yefav\/ ]]tSib&m; tb,foYkd qdygukeoenf;? wynfawmfonf tSib&m;wdYk \ txHomvQif f k k f h f k em,l&onf r[kwavm? wynfawmfonf tSib&m;wdYk rod(tyf) ao;aom w&m;udk tb,foYkd a[mMum;Ediyg f h f k k f rnfenf;}}[k (tb,ax&fu avQmufav\)/ xdtcg xdwynftb,ax&fukd q&mr[m "r&uwrax&fonf k k h d ]]ighif tb,y#dywf (ud,awGYtusif) [laom oGm;jcif;jzifh oGm;NyD; odNyD;aomol\ tusifvrf;u wyg; S k f h h wjcm; jzpfygonf}}[k qdav\/ xdpOftcg tb,rax&fonf aomwyefjzpfaeowwf/ (xdYk aMumifh) xdktcg k k tb, rax&fonf r[m"r&uw rax&ftm; ur|mef;ay;NyD;vQif jyefvm aMu;jymom'f yd#uwfo;yHk d kH ygVdawmfukd zGiqyYkd csae\? xdoYkd ydYk csaepOf ]]r[m"r&uwrax&f y&deAmefyavNyD}}[k Mum;od&av\/ hf kd k d d Mum;odNyD; ]]ighif wdYk ouFe;,lcMhJ uyg}}[k (qdkNyD;vQifoefYjyefYaom) ouFe;udk k ]]ighiwYkd igwkYd \q&mtm; S f f H S f t&[wr*fonf avsmufywfvygayonf? ighiwYkd igwdYk \q&monf ajzmifh (vnf;) ajzmifrwf\? tmZmenf S S f h rax&f(vnf;) jzpfay\/ xdigwdYk q&monf rdrwynfh pmoifom;\txH zsmay:rSmxdi ]ightm;ur|mef;udk k d k f a[mMum;ygavmh}[k awmif;yefay\/ ighiwYkd igwkYd q&mrax&ftm; t&[wr*fonf avsmufywfvygayonf}} S f S [k (ajymqdav \)/ a'0 em* t[m"r&uwrax&fwYdk uoYkd oabmSaom&[ef;awmfwYkd tm; usrf;*efonf k d hJ d yvdaAm"rjzpfay/ usr;*efyvdaAm"ESihf pyfaom pum;&yfNyD;\/ f

(10) wefcdk;yvdaAm"
wefc; [lonfum; ykxZOfwYdk jzpfaom wefc;wnf;/ rSeay\? xdyxZOfwefc;onf yufvuftywwf kd k kd f k k k kd d f umrQ oli,fuoYkd if;? aumufEuoYkd if; (rysufatmif) aqmifxm;&efcufc\? tenf;i,frQaom taESmuft,Suf hJ k hJ J jzifyif ysup;wwf\/ xdkwefc;onf 0dyem\(om) yvdaAm" jzpfonf? orm"d\ yvdaAm"um;) rjzpfay/ h f D kd tb,faMumifqaomf orm"dwYdka&mufNyD;rS(om) (xdk wefc;odYk ) a&mufEijf cif;aMumifwnf;/ xdYk aMumifh 0dyemudk h h kd kd kd h tvdaomolonf wefc;[laom yvdaAm"udk (vnf;) jzwftyf\/ orm"dudk tvdkSdaom olonfum; <uif;aom k dS kd yvdaAm" ud;yg;wkYd u(om) (jzwftyfayonf)/ wefc;yvdaAm"ESipyfaom pum;&yfNyD;\/ qdtyfcNhJ yD;onfum; k kd kd hf k aS;OD;pGm (tpOfusaom) yvdaAm"ESihf pyfaom pum;&yf tus,f aywnf;/

ur|mef;ay;oludk zGifhjycsuf
94 42/ ]]ur|mef;ay;wwfaom rdwaqGaumif;odYk csOf;uyf}}[laom acgif;pOf pum;&yf ur|mef; f onf t&mcyfor; tvdtyfaom oAwu ur|mef;? tNrJ aqmifxm;tyfaom yg&d[m&d,ur|mef;[l 2-rsKd; d f k dS Sd\/ xdur|mef; 2-rsKd;wkYd wif (1) &[ef;oHCmponfwYkd (yGg;aptyfaom) arwmur|mef;onfif;? (2) k G r&Pwdur|mef;onfif; oAwu ur|mef; rnf\/ (3) tokbonmonfvnf; (oAwu ur|mef;rnf\) ,l tcsKdYu (qdMk u\)/ csJYO;tH?h ur|mef;w&m;tm;xkwaom &[ef;onf aS;OD;pGm (ausmif; Sonfh tvH;pHaom &[ef;rsm;D f d k k [k) ydi;jcm;owfrw Oypm&odrac: ausmif;wdudS &[ef;oHCm ]](ausmif;wduwi;Sd &[ef;tm;vH;wdYk k f S f f k f k f G f k onf) csrf;omMuygap? pdwqif;&Juif;Muygap}}[k arwmudk yGg;aptyf\/ xdYk aemuf Oypm&odrwi;Sd ewfwYdk f f G f

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(4) pdwfudkyifhajrmufjcif;
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(5) pdwfudkESdyfjcif;
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(7) pdwfudk vspfvsLIjcif;


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(8) orm"duif;oludk aSmifjcif;


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(9) orm"dSdoludk rSD0Jjcif;


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(10) xdk tyemorm"dodkY pdwfGwfjcif;


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170

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91/ ,ck (jyqkrnfpum;onf) yx0DuodP;\ tjcm;rJ jycJaom tmayguodP; tus,fpum; d h k f h h k f jzpfonf/ yx0DuodP;udk (yGg;apo)uJoYkd yif tmayguodP;udk yGg;apvdaom a,m*Donf csr;ompGmxdivsuf k f h k f k f k f a& O*[edrwf y#dbm*edrwukd ,ltyf\? ]]yjyifp&if xm;aom a& jzpfap yjyifp&ifjcif; rSaom yuwda& d d f D D d jzpfap}} odkYtpSdaom tvHk;pHkudkcsJY (od) tyf\/ xdYk jyif tmayguodP;uJoYkd yif (awaZmuodP; paom) k f h k f tvHk;pHk(csJYodtyf\)/ tmaygtodP;rS aemuf rQudvnf;rqdawmhyJ txl;rQudomvQif qdom;awmhrnf/ k f k k k k G tmayguodP;vnf; vGeuaom bm0emaumif;rIukd ybl;onfjzpf orxbm0em ukovaom k f f J kd f dS a,m*Dtm; yjyifp&ifjcif; rSaoma& a&uefjzpfap wzufqnf uefjzpfap 'Dti jzpfap ork'&m jzpfap D d kd f edrwjf zpfay:\? plVod0ax&ftm; (jzpfay:bl;o) uJoYkd yifwnf;/ vmbfyaZmfoumudk y,fpeYf uif;qdwaom d h l G f aejcif;jzifh aernf-[k (&nf,vsuf) r[mwdwrnfaom oabFmqdy oabFmpD; ZrL'dyuRef; (tdE,Edii)odYk G f f f d k f H <uaom xdtSif pkVod0ax&ftm; ork'&mc&D; ork'&m a&jyifukd MunfaepOf xdk Munf&m t&yfEihf yHwjl zpfaom k h h S k tmayguodP; edrwjf zpfay:\/ k f d vGeuaom bm0emaumif;rIukd rybl;aom a,m*Donfum; uodP;\ tjypfav;yg;wkYd ukd aSmifvsuf f J k f tdk t0g teD tjzL[laom tqif;wdYk wif wrsKd;rsKd;aom tqif;Saom a&udr,lyJ ajrodYk ra&mufao;onfom G d k vQijf zpfaom pifMu,faomt0wfjzifh ,ltyfaom a&jzifjh zpfap? (ajrodYk ra&mufao;oma&rS) wyg;aom aumif;uif jzpfaom a&ESitvm;wlonfh tvGeMf unfvif raemufusLaom a&jzifjh zpfap oydwcua,mufukd hf f G f aomf if;? u&m;udaomfif; tem;&pfEitrQ jynfap ausmif;tpGe qdcNhJ yD;aom tjym;Saom trd;tumS&m k S hf h f k d k d t&yf xm; csrf;ompGm xdivsuf (Ityf\)? (a&\) tqif;udk rqifjciftyfay? ,dp;jcif;vuPmudvnf; k f k D k ESvroGi;tyfay? (pifppfrl tqif;udrvTwy) rS&ma&ESiwaom tjcif;t&mSonfudk y (tmayg"mwf\ow) kH f k f J D hf l d d vGeuaomtm;jzifh (tmayg-a& [laom) a0g[m&ynwf pdwuxm; ]]trK O'u 0g&d ovdv}} paom a&\ f J f kd trnfwYkd wif xifm;aom trnftm;jzifomvQif ]]a& a&}}[k yGg;aptyf\/ G S h qdconftwdi; yGg;apaom xda,m*Dtm; qdcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzifyifvQif O*[edrwf y#dbm*edrwf k hJ h k f k k h d d ESpyg;onf tpOftwdi; jzpfay:\/ xl;jcm;onfrm tmayguodP; O*[edrwonf vIyouJoYkd xif\? f k f S k f d f f h tu,f a&jrKyf a&yGuEia&maom a&jzpfvQif xkoYkd oabmSonfomvQifjzpfaom (O*[edrw)xif\? (vIi; f S hf d d d f d f wHy;xjcif; a&jrKyfa&yGuEia&mjcif; paom) uodP;\ tjypfonfxif\/ y#dbm*edrwonfum; vIym;jcif; kd f S hf k f d f f S rSyJ aumif;uif xm;tyfaom jr,yf0ef;uJoYkd if;? jraMu;rH0ef;uJoYkd if;xif\/ xda,m*Donf xdy#dbm*edrwf d h k h k k d 166 xyfonfEiwydieufyifvQif Oypm&psmefoYkd if;? qdtyfNyD;aom enf;jzifyifvQif pwku psmef yOupsmefwYkd S hf f k h odYk if; a&muf\/ wGif pum;w&yf NyD;\/ /tmayguodP;aywnf;/ k f

awaZmuokdPf;udk zGifhjycsuf
92/ awaZmuodP;udk yGg;apvdaom a,m*Donfvnf; rD; edrwukd ,ltyf\/ xdawaZmuokP; k f k d f k d f vGeuaom bm0emaumif;rIukd ybl;onfjzpf orxbm0em ukovaom a,m*Dtm; yjyifp&ifjcif;rSaom f J kd f dS D d rD; edrwu,vQif qDr;vQ jzpfap rD;zkr; jzpfap oydwzw&m t&yf jzpfap awmrD;avmif&m jzpfap d f kd l D H d D f k f wae&m&m rD;vQukd MunfpOf O*[edrwf y#dbm*edrwf jzpfay:\/ pdw*wf rax&ftm; (jzpfay:bl;o)uJoYkd H h d d k h yifwnf;/ csJY qdO;tH?h xdk tSipw*wax&ftm; w&m;em&m (Oyko)aeY (odrtwGi;) OykotroYkd 0ifvsuf k D f d k f f f f f d f qDr;vQukd MunfpOfyifvQif edrwjf zpfay:\/ D H h d vGeuaom bm0emaumif;rIukd rybl;aom a,m*Donfum; awaZmuodP;udk yjyifp&iftyf\/ xdk f J k f D awaZmuodP; onfum; yvkyytpDt&ifaywnf;? (xda,m*Donf) tap;tESpaom xif;wdYk uc ajcmuf k f f kH k f dS kd JG aoGYapNyD;vQif tydi;tydi;yvky oifavsmfaom opfyif&if;odYk jzpfap r@yfoYkd jzpfap oGm;NyD;vQif oydwzwf k f k f f h f k

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yXrwGJ)

196

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0ga,muodkPf;udk zGifhjycsuf
167 93/ 0ga,muodP;udk yGg;apaom a,m*Donfvnf; av edrwukd ,ltyf\/ xda,m*DuodP; k f d f k k f edrwuvnf; tjriftm;jzifif;? tawGYtm;jzifif; (,ltyf\)/ rSeay\? t|uxmwkYd d f kd h h f ]]0ga,muodP;udk ,laom a,m*Donf av edrwu,\? (avwdu) vIyaom k f d f kd l k f f xuf0ef;usif vIyaom (BuHcif; aygufaeaom) BuHyif\ tGeYf urvnf; rSw\? (av f kd l f wdu) vIyaom xuf0ef;usifvyaom 0g;yif\ tGeYf ukd jzpfap opfyifzsm;udjk zpfap k f f I f (OD;acgif;) qHyifzsm;udk jzpfap rSw\? ud, awGYxaom avudrvnf; rSw\}} f k f d k l f [laom pum;udk rdeYf qxm;ay\? xdYk aMumifh OD;acgif;ESihf tnDtrQwnfaom wcJeuf tGupnfyifaom BuHyifukd kd f jzpfap 0g;yif udjk zpfap opfyifujkd zpfap vufav;opfcefY Snonfh qHyifxaom a,musfm;\ OD;acgif;udk jzpfap f l avwdujf cif;aMumifh vIyonfukd Ijrif ]]avonf ae&m wducyf\}}[k owdukd jzpfap? wenf;jy&vQif k f k f avomjywif;tMum;jzifh jzpfap eH&ayguf jzifjh zpfap 0if (vmaom)av wducyfr&m ud,tpdwtydi; owdukd H k f d k f f k f jzpfap ]]0gw rmvkw tedv}} paom av\trnfwYkd wif xifm;aom trnftm;jzifomvQif ]]av av}}[k G S h yGg;aptyf\/ 0ga,muodP; O*[edrwonf cHavmufrS csumrQjzpfaom EdYk qr;\ taiGYv;ESiwpm vIym; k f d f k G f kH hf l G f S vsuf xifwwf\/ y#dbm*edrwonf tvGeNf idroufonfjzpf vIym;jcif; rSay/ <uif;aom odz,[l orQudk d f f f S d G f qdcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzifyifvQif odtyfayonf/ wGif pum;w&yf NyD;\/ 0ga,muodP; (NyD;\)/ k h k f

eDvuodkPf;udk zGifhjycsuf
94/ xkd 0ga,muodkPf;\ tjcm;rJ eDvuodP;udk ,laom a,m*Donf yef; jzpfap t0wf jzpfap h k f daom tqif;Saom ausmuf"mwf jzpfap daomtqif; edrwu,\-[k rdeYf qxm;aomaMumifh vGeuaom k d k d f kd l dk f J bm0emaumif;rIukd ycJb;onfjzpf orxbm0emukovaoma,m*Dtm; xdoYkd (tda&mifyef;wkYd a0qmpGm h l kd f dS k k yGiaom) oabmSaom yef;csKHukd jzpfap ylaZmf&mXmewkYd yef;tcif;udk jzpfap t0wfEihf ywjrm;dwYdk wif hf d kd S k G wckcujkd zpfap jrifvwfvQiyif O*[edrwf y#dbm*edrwjf zpfay:\/ vGeuaom bm0emaumif;rIukd rycJb;aom k f d d f J h l a,m*Donfum; Mumdyihf atmufryi;tpSaom yef;wkYd u, 0wfqEitnm rxifom rjrifomaom k G J kd G f d kd l H S hf tjcif;t&mjzifh yef;awmif;udif;? yef;uyftzH;udif; (0wfqtnmra&m,Suf oufoufaom) tyGi;tzwf k k k H f wdYk jzifomvQif tem;&pfEitnDtrQ jynfap cif;xm;tyf\/ dkaomtqif;Sdaom t0wfjzifrvnf; txkyxy h S hf h h l f k f jynfaptyf\/ xdyef;awmif; odYk r[kwf yef;uyfz;\ rsuEm0rlvnf; pnfrsuEmjyifuoYkd zGYJ tyf\/ aMu;dk h k kH f S f S hJ opfukd rsufpOf;dwYdk wif wrsKd;rsKd;aom "mwfjzifrvnf; yx0DuokP; qdcNhJ yD;aomenf;jzifh aTYajymif; G f k G h l d f k &paumif;aom uodP;0ef;udk jzpfap eH&yifvQif aTYajymif; r&paumif;aom uodP;ukjd zpfap yvky k f H k f f

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yXrwGJ)

197

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yDwuodkPf;udk zGifhjycsuf
95/ yDwuodP;vnf; enf;wlyifwnf;/ rSeay\? t|uxmwkYd k f f ]]yDwuodP;ud,aom a,m*Donf 0gaomtqif;Saom yef; jzpfap t0wf k f k l d jzpfap (aq;'ef; jrif;oDvm paom) ausmuf"mwf jzpfap edrwu,\}} d f kd l [laom pum;udk rdeYf qxm;ayonf/ xkYd aMumifh yDwuodP;vnf; vGeuaom bm0emaumif;rIukd ybl;onf dk k f f J jzpf orxbm0emukovaom a,m*Dtm; xdoYkd (tda&mif yef;wdYk a0qmpGm yGiaom) oabmSaom yef;csKHukd kd f dS k k fh d jzpfap? (0gaom) yef;cif;udk jzpfap 0gaomt0wf 0gaomausmuf"mwfwYdk wif wyg;yg;udjk zpfap jrifvwfvQifyif G edrwjf zpfay:\? pdw*wax&ftm; (jzpfay:bl; o)uJoYkd yifwnf;/ xdk tSipw*wax&ftm; pdwvawmif d k f h f d k f yw*rnfaom yef;csKrS yef;wdYk jzifh yvkyxm;aom apwD,ifjyif ylaZmfxm;onfh yef;tcif;udk MunfpOf jrifonf F H f h I ESihf wydieufyifvQif (xd) tcif;yrmPSaom edrwf jzpfay:\/ vGeuaom bm0emaumif;rIukd rycJb;aom f k d d f J h l a,m*Donfum; r[mavSum; yef;yGiponfjzifh jzpfap 0gaomt0wfjzifh jzpfap 0gaom ausmuf"mwfjzifh jzpfap hf eDvuodP; qdcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzifyifvQif uodP;0ef;udk yvky ]]t0g t0g}}[k ESv;oGi;jcif;udk jzpfaptyf k f k h k f f kH f ayonf/ <uif;aom odz,[orQonf xkd (qdcNhJ yD;aom uodP;) wdYk Eihf wlonfomvQifwnf;/ wGif pum; G f l k k f S w&yf NyD;\/ yDwuodP; (NyD;\)/ k f

avm[dwuodkPf;udk zGifhjycsuf
96/ avm[dwuodP;vnf; (qdconf) enf;wlyifwnf;/ (t|uxmwkYd ) ]]avm[dwuodP; k f k hJ h k f ud,aom a,m*Donf eDaom yef; jzpfap t0wf jzpfap eDaomtqif;Saom ausmuf"mwf ajr"mwf jzpfap k l d edrwukd ,l\}}[k rdeYf qxm;ay\/ xdYk aMumifh avm[dwuodP;vnf; vGeuaom bm0emaumif;rIukd ycJb; d f kd k f f J h l onfjzpf orxbm0em ukovaom a,m*Dtm; xdoYkd (teDa&mifyef;wdYk a0qmpGmyGiaom) oabmSaom rd;apG kd f dS k hf d k yef; tpSaom yef;csKHukd jzpfap yef;tcif;udk jzpfap eDaomt0wf (ywjrm;eD paom) eDaomausmuf (a*GYeD d [oFjy'g; paom) eDaom"mwfwYdkwif wrsK;rsK;udk jzpfap jrifvwfvQif O*[edrwf y#dbm*edrwf jzpfay:\/ G d d d d vGeuaom bm0emaumif;rI rycJb;aom a,m*Donfum; acgif&rf; rd;apG vdyq;eD paom yef;wdYk jzifh jzpfap f J h l k f l eDaom t0wfjzifjh zpfap eDaomausmuf"mwf ajr"mwfjzifjh zpfap eDvuodP; qkcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzifyifvQif k f d h uodP;0ef; yvky ]]teD teD}}[k ESv;oGi;jcif;udk jzpfaptyf\/ <uif;aom odz,[orQonf xkd (qdcNhJ yD;aom k f f kH f G f l k uodP;)wdYk Eihf wlonfomwnf;/ wGif pum;w&yfNyD;\/ /avm[dwuodP; (NyD;\)/ k f S k f

Mo'gwuodkPf;udk zGifhjycsuf
97/ Mo'gwuodP;vnf; ]]Mo'gwuodP;udk ,laom a,m*Donf jzLaomtqif;Sonfh yef;jzpfap k f k f d t0wf jzpfap jzLaom tqif;Saom ausmuf"mwf ajr"mwf jzpfap edrwukd ,l\}}[k rdeYf qxm;ay\/ d d f kd xdYk aMumifh vGeuaom bm0emaumif;rIukd ycJb;onfjzpf orxbm0emukovaom a,m*Dtm; xkoYkd f J h l kd f dS d (tjzLa&mif yef;wdYk a0qmpGmyGiaom) oabmSaom yef;csKukd jzpfap ZGeyef; jrwfav;yef;paom yef;tcif;udk hf d H f jzpfap ukrjk 'mMumyef; y'krmMumyef;tpkujkd zpfap jzLaomtqif;Saomt0wf jzLaomtqif;Saom ausmuf"mwf d d ajr"mwfwYdkwif wrsK;rsK;udjk zpfap jrifvwfvQiyif O*[edrwf y#dbm*edrwjf zpfay:\/ ovGjJ zLjym;0ef; aiGjym;0ef; G d d f d d v0ef;wdYk vnf; (edrw) jzpfay:onfomwnf;/ 169 vGeuaom bm0emaumif;rIukd rycJb;aom a,m*D d f f J h l onfum; qdcNhJ yD;aom tjym;Saom yef;jzLjzifh jzpfap t0wfjzLjzifh jzpfap ausmuf"mwfjzL ajr"mwfjzLjzifh jzpfap k d eDvuodP; qdcaom enf;jzifyifvQif uodP;0ef;yvky ]]tjzL tjzL}}[k ESv;oGi;jcif;udk jzpfaptyf\/ k f k hJ h k f f kH f

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yXrwGJ)

198

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tmavmuuodkPf;udk zGifhjycsuf
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1-t&m ygVde'gef;wGif y&duy0gus Oyrm0gus 'V0gus odE|me0gus-tpOftm;jzifh ygVd*wd d D d tm;avsmfpm a&;xm;aomfvnf; xdtpOfwi; jrefrmjyefvQif tvGeyaxG; todcufrnf jzpfaomaMumifh Oyrm G k kd f f I f 0gusrS 'Vukd oE|me0gus [dwf y wrsKd;jyif a&;xm;onf/ D d

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trSwf 1-2-3-tyd'wYdk jzifh &wemoH;yg; Sc;jcif;ESihf xdc;cdu jzpfaom kyemrfwYdk ukd 0dyem k f k d kd k dS kd k f f Ijcif;rsm;udk yNyD;vQif 0do'r*f jrefrmjyef usr;opfukd pD&ifaMumif; jyonf/ k d f trSwf 4-tyd'jf zifh usKduxkd rdY bk&m;oH;qlawmif-q&mawmf tSieErmvm rax&fjrwf ypD&ifxm;aom k f k f jrefrmbmom 0do'r*fusr;Sd aeaMumif;jyonf/ trSwf 5-tykd'f xifSm;\/ trSwf 6-7-8-9-tyd'wYdk jzifh k d f k f usr;opfa&;&jcif;\ taMumif;tcsKdYukd jyonf/ f xdwif trSwf 6-tyd'jf zifh xdtSieErmvm\ jrefrm0do'r*frm jynfreosBuD; Sonfh twdi;yif k G k k f k d S l d d k f aS;acwfo;pum;rsm;udvnf; a&;ul;xkw,um jyxm;aomaMumifh ,ckacwfo; jrefrm pum;0gus rajzmifrwf kH k f l kH h racsmarm rajyjypfyJ SaeaMumif; jyonf/ d trSwf 7-tyd'jf zifh jynfreos jyxm;aom ygXaoo-ygXf<uif; ac: aqmifygXfwYdk \ teufrsm; #Dum k l d tzGihf teufrsm;udyg rcGjJ cm;yJ a&maxG;jyxm;aomaMumifh rl&if;0do'r*f pum;udk wdwusus cGjJ cm;od&ef cJ,Of; k k d d aMumif; jyonf/ <uif;aom trSwf 8-tyd'ponfwYdk rm xifm;\/ k f S S txl;owdy&efrm-jrefrmjyefusr;jzpf usr;OD;pum;udk jrefrm oufoufjzifom jyxm;aMumif; jzpfonf/ S f f h

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+-*gxmonf 0do'r*fwusrf;vH; zGiqom;rnfh o*gxm0*f oH,wygVdawmfvm rl&if;ygVd*gxm k d k hf dk G k f jzpfonf/

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

203

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1-(vkYH v) (qifjcifPf Sonf) odYk vufonf;uGi;jzifh jyxm;aom jrefrmyk'rsm; pmyd'rsm;rSm teuf d f f k f t"dyg,f xifm;ap&ef okyazmfjycsuf? odYk r[kwf jznfpu zGijhf ycsufrsm; jzpfonf/ if;wdYk ukd ckeausmfvnf; S f h G f f zwfom;Edionf/ aemufvnf; enf;wlyifrwyg/ G k f S f

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1-*gxm\ teufukd 0do'r*fyif tus,f zGijhf yOD;rnf jzpf xdtzGirsm;ESihf wduqiMf unfaom tcg k d k hf k f kd h t|uxmzGiyukd oabmaygufap&ef? ygVd&if;ESihf t|uxmtzGiwYkd ukd cGjJ cm;Ediap&ef &nf, wdusEdiorQ hf kH hf k f G f k f wduspGm tusOf;csKyf jyefqxm;onf/ t|uxm tzGirsm;udyg ,l tjynftpHk tus,fjyefqcsufukd pmrsufEm kd hf k h kd S (17) atmufajc rSwcsufwif Munfyg/ f G h

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2-a[mMum;awmfr(tyf)\-odYk aom yk'wYkd (tyf) [laom o'grSm uHa[m ypn;jzpfonf? uHteuf l f f udk y"mey qdaom ygVd0gus uHa[mBud,myk'ukd o'genf;t& twdtus jrefrmjyefvQif ]]0kwH-a[mtyf\/ k f Z#dwm - IyfaxG;aptyf\-}} odYk ponfjzifh (tyf) [laom ypn;ESiwuG jyefq&onf/ xdYk aMumifh oufqi&m f hf dk kd f tzGirsm;ESihf wduqi qifjcifq;jzwfEi&ef twdtus azmfjyoifaom t&mwdYk xdoYkd aom twdwuH a[myk'f hf k f kd f kH kd f h k f rsm;udk (tyf) ypn;ESiwuG jyefqazmfjyoGm;rnf/ odYk aomf xkoYkd azmfjyxm;&m (tyf) [laom ypnjf zifh oiff hf kd d h [laomteuf? xdu-[laom teufwUkd udum; r,l&/ xkYd jyif ygVdo'genf;udk twdtus rvduEiaom? odYk r[kwf k f k k f kd f rvduvaom olwYkd rmrl ]]a[mawmfrl ()\? IyaxG;ap ()\}}-odkY ponfjzifh (tyf) ypn;udk ckeausmf >cif;csef k f kd S f f f zwfEif ,lEionf? xdoYkd zwfEif ,lEiap&eftwGuyif &nf, if;udk vufonf;uGi;jzifh ydi;jcm; azmfjy kd kd f k kd kd f f G f f k f xm;onf/ tzGio0Pemrsm;ESihf wduqi&ef rvdaom t&mwdYk if;? (tyf) ypn;ESiwuG azmfjyaomfvnf; hf H k f kd f k f hf tusKd;xl; rSEiaom t&mwdYk if; xkoYkd aom uHa[myk'rsm;udvnf; uwm;a[myk'uoYkd yif (tyf) ypn;rygyJ d dk f d f k f hJ f jyefqom;rnf/ dk G

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1-(Zmv) uGe&uf[onfrm t&m tcsif;csif; qufpyfyaxG;aeaom tIytaxG;udyif qdvonf/ f l S I f f k k kd Zmvde-yk' yg0ifaom -ypn;rSmvnf; SumrQudk jyonfr[kw?f rsm;pGmSonfuom jyqdonf/ xkYd aMumifh D f f d d kd k Zmvde,m-yk'ukd uGe&uf (tIytaxG;) rsm;pGmSaom[k jyefqonf/ rsm;pGm IyaxG;aom wPSm-tvGef d f f f d kd f IyaxG;aom wPSm[k qdv\/ f k dk

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1-wPSmonf lygkHtpSdaom tmkH 6-yg;wkYd atmuflygkHponfrS txufodkYif;? txuf"rmkH ponfrS atmufoYkd if; acgufwYHk acgufjyef tzefzefjzpfaeaomaMumifh t0wfp 2-ckukd csKyfpyfaom tyfcsnfuoYkd yif hJ csKyfpyfjcif; oabmS\/ xdcsKyfpyfjcif; oabmtm;jzifh 0g;kponfwYdk \ tIyftaxG;ESifh wl\/ xkYd aMumifh (Z#m) d k H tIyftaxG;rnfonf-[k qdv\/ k dk

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2-pdwapwodwf todemrf w&m;wdYk \ jzpf&mXmeudk tm,we[k ac:onf/ tus,fukd tm,we eda'o f - tm,weudk jyqdcsu Munfav/ k f h 3- ponf-[laom pum;jzifh csKHtIyf EG,tIyf ponfwYdk u,/ f kd l

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204

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4-vnf; ponf-[laom pum;jzifh csKHtyif EG,tyif ponfwYdk u,/ f kd l

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1-ygVd yZm-[laomyk'onf ow0g[laom teufukd jy\/ *gxmum; ow0gwOD;wa,mufuom f kd qkvonf r[kw?f ow0g trsm;pktaygif;udk qdvonf[k odap&ef (oweum,ocFgwm-ow0g taygif;[k d kd k dk d qdtyfaom)[k zGijhf yxm;onf/ xkYd aMumifyif jrefrmjyef xdk yZmyk'ukd ow0g (taygif;)[k jyefqcayonf/ k h f kd hJ t&mum;tzGiEihf wpyfwnf; wnfaeaomaMumifh ow0g[k yZmyk'\ teuf&if;rQudom azmfjyxm;onf/ hf S dS f k

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2- ]]vnf;}}-[laom jrefrmo'gonf oAmyd-[laom yk'rS tyd-o'g\ bmomjyefjzpfonf/ if;jzifh f ow0g tvH;pHuom IyaxG;aponfr[kw?f ow0g wOD;csif; toD;toD;udvnf; IyaxG;aponf [k tpdwukd k k kd f k f f aygif;qnf;azmfjy\/

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3-IyfaxG;ap-[lonfrm csKyfpyfjcif;yif[k qdv\/ S k dk

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4-rl&if;ygVd ]]wH wH a*gwr-xdkYaMumifh oifudk tSifa*gwr}}[k odYk yk'tpOfaomfvnf; jrefrmpum; f dS ajyjypfap&ef ]]tSia*gwr? xdYk aMumifh tSib&m;ud}k }[k jyefqc\/ jyefqcsuftwdi;yif t&mvnf; f f k kd hJ kd k f oH0aPwA-zGi&ef wnfy'-tzGicy'ukd xkwjf yxm;onf/ hf k f hf H k f

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1-"mwfo;yg;[lonfrm umr ly tly[laom avmuoH;yg;udk qkonf/ avmuoH;yg;vH;udk kH S k d k k tESYH tjym; IyaxG;ajr;,Suaeojzifh tvGeBf uD;rm; us,fjyefYvaom tIytaxG;udk tb,foYkd aom olonf f f S f ajzSi;Editygenf;[k oHo,jzifh ar;avQmufonf/ f k f hH

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2-]]odYk ar;avQmufvwfaomf xdewfom;tm;}}[laom yk'wYkd udk ]]ajzMum;awmfrlvdkonfjzpf .... k f a[mawmfrayonf}} [laom Mud,myk'wYdk Eihf qufpyf,yg/ l f S l

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1-,cktcg .... zGifhjyvsuf .... 0dok'dr*fudk qdkaytHh - [k odkY qufpyf,lyg/

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2-*gxmwyk'q;aomaMumifh 0gusrqH;yJ pmyd'jf zwfxm;onf? aemufvnf; tvm;wlawGYvQif f kH k k enf;wlyif rSwyg/ f

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

205

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3-a&wGutyfaom ab;uif;aom ajzmifrwfaom .... vrf;udk - [k qufpyf,yg/ f h l

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1-0do'r*fua&;pOfumvu oD[V r[m0d[m&0goD*P; tb,,*d&0goD*P; aZw0e0goD*P; k d kd kd f kd f d kd f dk f [l xifSm;aom *dkPf;BuD; 3-ck uGjJ ym;vsu&m yXr*dP;0if rax&fwYkd \ enf;udr a&;onf[k odaponf/ f dS k f k DS

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2-pmyd'0gus jrefrmpum;acsmap&ef aS;aemuf tenf;i,fjyif jyefqxm;onf/ k f kd

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1-0dyemrQ\ tpGr;tm;jzif-[l&m tpGr;[laom pum;jzifh tpGr;ow[aom teufuvnf; r,l&? f h f f d l kd tjcm;wyg;aom teufrsKd;udvnf; r,l&? pum;tqifwefqmrQom jzpfonf/ xdYk aMumifh ]]0dyemrQjzifh k a[monf}}[k qdv\/ tpGr;[laom pum;udk tvd[aom pum;ESivnf; vJv, ]]0dyemrQ\tvdktm;jzifh}} k kd f k l hf S f [lvnf; qdEi\/ aemufy'wYdk vnf; enf;wlyif/ k kd f k f

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2-edAmefoYkda&mufonf[qv\/ tb,fuoYkd enf;[lrl bk&m;Xmef wnfonf[qvQif bk&m;qDoYkd k kd kd hJ k kd a&mufonf[k od&ouJoYkdyifwnf;/ h

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1-uHponfwYdk \t&udk #Dum wenf;zGijhf yao;\/

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2-wnfMunfaom .... olonf - [k pyfyg/

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1-]]oDav ywd|m, ea&m oyanm = ynmSaom vlonf oDvwnf}} ponfjzifh xkwjf ycJaom tajz d h *gxmudk qdonf/ k 2-zGi&ef xkwjf yaom tzGico0aPwAy'&if;ESihf tzGihf oH0Pem pum;wkYd uGjJ ym;ap&efif; aemufquf hf hf H H k f axmufccsupum;ESihf qDavsmap&efif; jznfpujf yqdxm;onf/ H f f h G k

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1- ynmS[onfrm y#doaEynmESihf jynfpo[k qdv\/ b0 tppGmjzpfaom uH\tusKd; 0dyguf d l S h kH l k kd pdwonf y#doaEpwrnf\? xdkpdwfESifh ,SOfvsuf tavmb ta'go tarm[[laom [dwf 3-yg;ygvQif xdk f d f y#doaEukd wd[w[ac:onf/ xky#doaErmyif tarm[ac: ynmygvmaomaMumifh xdoYkd aom yk*Kd vfukd d f k d S k (oyanm) ynmS[k qkonf? if;udk wd[wy*Kd vf[vnf; ac:onf/ d d d f k l

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206

2-aeylaMumifh a&ajcmufouJoYkd udavomwkYd ukd ajcmufaoGYuif;aysmufaponfukd ylyefaponf[qonf/ h k kd tm;xkwq tm;xkwrI oufoufjzifh udavomwkYd ukd uif;aponfrm (tmwmye) aS;I (wduu) f J f S k f dk f ylyefaponf rnf\? tm;xkwraMumifh jzpfaom owd orm"d ynm wdYk \tpGr;jzifh acwjzpfap? twefMumatmif f I f jzpfap? tNrJwef;jzpfap udavomwkYd ukd uif;aponfrm (y&dwmye) xuf0ef;usif (oG,0u) ylyefaponf S f kd f rnf\/

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1-edyaum-yk'\teufudk #Dum ]]qefYusifbufudk ajcmufaponf}} [ if;? ]]qefYusifbufrS rdru,f f l d kd udk apmifaSmufonf}} [lif; zGijhf y\? xdk tvdtm;jzifh aeyuy'ukd ]]ajcmufapoljzpfaMumif;? apmifaSmufol h k k f h jzpfaMumif;}}[k jyefq&ayrnf/ odYk aomf xdteufjzifh orZOf[ac:aom qifjcifPfukd odem;vnfap&ef kd k k cJ,Of;\/ xkYd aMumifh edyaumyk'ukd ed+yp+P ypn;wdYk jzifh NyD;onf[k ,l ]]&ifusufonf}} [k aS; jyefqconfh f f h dk hJ tm;avsmfpm t&mvnf; aeyu - yk'ukd ]]&ifusufol jzpfaMumif;}}[k jyefqonf/ odYk jyefq&m &ifusufG f h kd kd h [lonfrmvnf; Pfjzifh &ifusufonfukd ,ltyf\/ xifSm;aptH?h tG,Ee,faom uav;oli,fwYdk onf Pf S h f k r&ifusufao;aomaMumifh tusKd;Sd rSd oifh roifukd rqifjcifwwfMu? tG,a&mufaom vlBuD;wkYd onfum; h h f Pf&ifaomaMumifh qifjcifwwfMu\/ xdYk twlyif Pf&ifaom a,m*Dtm; orZOf[ac:aom qifjcifPf h h k jzpfEiaMumif; xifm;\/ kd f S 2-yg&d[m&duynm-[lonfrm ur|mef;udk tNrJaqmifjcif; ,SOaom? 0g? tNrJrjywf ur|mef;udk S f aqmif&m aus;Zl;yaom owuorZOf oyg,orZOfac:aom qifjcifPfyifwnf;/

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1-'kw,-[lonfrm ygVd*gxm tpOftwdi; qdxm;onf? jrefrmjyef tpOftm;jzifh wwd,tBudrf ynm d S k f k jzpfonf/ 2-wwd,-[lonfrm ygVd*gxm tpOfyifjzpfonf? jrefrmjyef tpOftm;jzifh 'kw, jzpfonf/ S d 3-b,-ab;+u-I+O-wwf = bduK -ab;udwwfo-&[ef;/ k I l 4- 3-y#doaEynm? 4-0dyemynm? 5-yg&d[m&du ynmwkYd jzpfonf/ 5-xd&[ef;onf oDvwnf;[laom ajrjyif &yfwnf .... ajzSi;Ediay\ .... cGJpdwfEdkifay\-[k k f k f qufpyfyg/

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1-r*fcP zdvcP[lonfrm t&[wr*fcP t&[wzvcPwkYd ukd ,ltyf\/ k f S kd f 2-*gxmudk t|uxm tzGirsm;ESiwuG tus,fjyefqvQif atmufygtwdi; jzpf\/ hf hf kd k f xd[wy#doaE yg0ifaom urZ-uHaMumifjh zpfonfh ynmESihf jynfpaom yk*Kd vfonf jznfusiaom d f h kH h hf tm;jzifh oDvwnf udavomwdYk ukd ylavmifaoGYajcmuf uif;aysmufapwwfaom ory"mef vHYk v 0D&,ESihf d jynfponfjzpf &ifusufaom yg&d[m&du orZOfPfEihf jynfponf jzpf pdwukd y"mey a[mtyfaom h kH h S h kH f orm"duif; 0dyem ynmudif; yGg;aponfaomf? oHo&mab;udk Ijrifwwfaom xdy*Kd vfonf wPSm kd k dS k k tIyftaxG;udk ajzSif;Edkifay\/

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1-tm;BuD;aom y"metaMumif;udk Oyed,[k ac:onf/

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207

2-tE-yk'ukd aum|mo-tzdYk [k t|uxmwkYd zGijhf y\/ jrefrmbmom tzdYk [aom pum;onf toH; f l k enf; rxifm;onfjh yif wif;vGe;aom tzdYk avsmhve;aom tzdYk wUkd uJoYkd rZdry#dy'gudvnf; tv,ftvwf S f G f h k tzdYk jzpfaomaMumifh tE[k ac:oifouJoYkd xifjrifz,vnf; S\/ tv,fr[kwaom t&mudk [kbuftpGe; h h G f d f d f 'DbuftpGef;[k ac:avhSd\? tE-o'gonfvnf; tpGe;[laom teufukd a[m\? xdYk aMumifh tpGe;[k f f jyefqonf/ t,kww&m;[lvnf; jyefqMdk uao;\/ om"u tzGium; rxif/ dk f hf

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1-*gxm (oDav ywd|m,) oDvwnf [laompum;jzifh oDvudjk y\? xdovonf t"dovodum k D D yifwnf;/ odYk jzpf t"dovodumudvnf; jyNyD;jzpfavawmhonf/ aemufvnf; enf;yifwnf;/ D k

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1-tvH;pHaom raumif;rIukd ry&jcif;? ukovukd jynfpapjcif;? rdr\ pdwukd jzLpifapjcif;? (3-yg;) k k kd f h kH d f onf bk&m;SiwYdk \ tqH;trwnf;-[laom *gxmwGif 'kw, wwd,tyd'wYdk jzifh orm"dynmudk jy yXrtp f k d k f tyk' oDvudk jyaomaMumifh *gxm\ tp - [k qdonf/ d f k

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1-ygPmwdygw tpSdaom 'kpkdwf 10-yg;onfyif xdk'kpkdwfSdol\ kyemrftpOfoEmefukd tyg,fqif;&J f ponfjzifh ESypufwwf ylyefapwwfaomaMumifh oHuavornf\/ xdYk twl wPSmonfyif oHuavornf\? d f d d 'd|onfyif oHuavornf\/ d d

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1-*kP - csD;rGr;bG,f - *kP+wdu-wdu-oH;ckaygif; = *kPwuf - csDrr;bG,*Pf oH;ckaygif; = *kPf f f f k f d G f f k k 3-ck wGJ/ 2-tjcm;aom tvm;wl *kPfwdufwdkUudk 0da0u 3-yg;? ukodkvfrlv 3-yg;? 0darmurkc 3-yg;? a`E 3yg; ponfwYdkjzpfaMumif; #Dum xkwjf y\/ 3-tusOf;udk ESpoufol O*g#dwl yk*Kd vfwYdk tm;omvQif aus;Zl;yEdi rusOf;rus,fukd ESpoufol f k f f tus,fuEpoufol 0dyOwl ae,syk*Kd vfwYdk tm; aus;Zl;ryEdiaomaMumifh xdoYkd qdayonf/ kd S f d k f k k

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1-2- 2-yk'wYkd emr-yk'f ygaomaMumifh rnf\-yg xnf jyefxm;onf/ d f h 3-trsKd;aumif;om;wdYk \-MuOfaSmifjcif;udif;-[kpyf/ k 4-ol\ ..... rusL;vGefjcif;-[kpyf/

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1-EIwtrIwYdk ukd .... zkz&J rBuJapjcif;onf-[k pyf/ f d

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1-xdov\&o[k qdtyf\-[k pyf/ k D k

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

208

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1-oDvrSm ..... ypKy|mefSd\-[k pyf/ 2-Munfqifjcifaom olwYkd \Pf aS;Ixifaom tjcif;t&mudk ypKy|mef-[k ac:onf/ h I

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1-t&m ygVd*gxm0,f qef;*dP;jynfap&ef r[me'D-[laom yk'ukd xnfoi;azmfjyxm;\? xdy't& k f h f h G f k k f jrpfBuD;a&[k jyefqxm;onf? if;u **FgxufBuD;onf [lum; r,l&? jrpfBuD;ig;oG,wYdk wif **FgomvQif kd f G tBuD;qH; jzpfonf/ k

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1-rlvblwjzpfaom .... oDv\-[k pyfyg/

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1-oDvonf tjcm;rJ'u jyvwHaom tmbdormpm&du oDvyif jzpfonf/ h k f h 2-0g&dwovudk usifrQjzifh oDvonf vH;0 rjynfpao;? pm&dwovudyg jznfusifrS vH;0jynfponf/ D h kH k h kH D k h h k h kH xkYd aMumifh tjynftpHusivaom yk*Kd vfwYkdonf tjynftpHk jznfusiaomtm;jzifh pm&dwov rjywfjzpfvsuf h k hf kd h h hf D Sdukef\? odYk usiaomtm;jzifh rjywfjzpf&m jzpfaomaMumifh pm&dwrnfonf[k qdv\/ p&"mwf+Pdw hf k kd ypn;jzifh NyD;aptyf\/ f

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1-0g&dw - wm;jrpfxm;aomtrIu+wm - apmifaSmufjcif;+t-taMumif;/ 0g&dw-wm;jrpfcsuukd kd h f apmifaSmufaMumif; oDv-[k qdv\/ h k kd 2-]]xdovudk usifjh cif;jzifh tusKd;Sonf}}[k ,HMk unfaom o'g rysif;r&dusifvaom 0D&,[laom k D d h kd d 2-yg;vH;ESihf jynfpygrS pm&dw oDvudk jynfpapEdionf[k qdv\/ k h kH h kH k f k kd 3-rusifvQif tjypfjzpfonf? usifvQif tusKd;Sonf[k ,HMk unfaom o'g tm;aumif;ygrS 0g&dwovudk h h d D jynfpapEdionf[k qdv\/ h kH k f k dk 4-'k-ESpfck + u-taygif; = 'ku-'ku-ESpcaygif;[k qdv\/ f f k k kd

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1-pl|0*ygVd ESm-184? pmyd'f 441 ck'gEkc'u odumy'uxm ck'gEkc'u odumyk'wUdk udk tcsKdY rax&f k k k f wdUk u ]]yg&dZurS <uif;aom odumyk'wYdk }}[k qdue\/ tcsKdUu ]]yg&mZdu oHCm'doowYkd rS <uif;aom odum d f k k f d f yk'wYdk }}[k qdue\/ tcsKdYu ]]yg&mZdu oHCm'doof ted,wwkYd rS <uif;aom odumyk'wYkd }}[k qdue\/ tcsKdYu f k k f d f k k f ]]yg&mZdu/ y/ ted,w ed*,ygpdwwYdk rS <uif;aom odumyk'wYkd }}[k qdue\/ tcsKdUu ]]yg&mZdu/ y/ d f f k k f ed*,ygpdwf ok'ygpdwwYkd rS <uif;aom odumyk'wYkd }}[k qkue\/ tcsKdYu ]]yg&mZdu/ y/ ok'ygpdwf d f f d k f yg#da'oeDwUdk rS <uif;aom odumyk'wYdk }}[k qduef\/ rdvEyOm ESm-146 ck'gEkc'uyOmum;-jrwfaom rif;BuD;? f k k d k 'ku#onf ck'uodumyk'f aywnf;? 'kAmoDonf tEkc'uodumyk'aywnf;}}[k rdeYf q\/ f k f kd

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

209

(tH 1-233) yXrodumokw oDvwdYk tjynftpHk jznfusifaom aomwmyef ou'g*grf &[ef;? oDv f h h h orm"dwYdk tjynftpHk jznfusifaom tem*grf &[ef;? oDv orm"d ynmwkYd tjynftpHk jznfusifaom &[Em h h h h h h &[ef;wkYd onf ck'gEkc'utmywfwYkdoYkd a&mufEiaMumif;? if;wdYk rvnf; ukpm;vsuf xEdiaMumif;? tm'djA[p&d, k kd f S k f u odumyk'wYdkum; cdiNf rJaom oDvSaMumif;rsm;udk jyqdxm;\/ xdow\tzGihf t|uxm (2-216) f k d k k k f atmufygtwdi; zGijhf yxm;\/ k f ]]ck'gEkc'uwdYk }} [lonfum; - yg&mZdu 4-yg;wkYd ukd xm; <uif;aom odumyk'wYdk wnf;/ xdwivnf; k f k G f oHCm'dooonf ck'urnf\? xkvpn;onf tgEkc'u rnf\/ xkvpn;onfvnf; ck'urnf\? ygpdwonf d f f k f f tEkc'urnf\/ ygpdwonfvnf; ck'urnf\? yg#da'oeD 'ku#f 'kAmoDwYdk onf tEkc'urnf\/ t*Fkw& k f k r[medum,fukd oH;aqmifaom q&mwdYk onfum; yg&mZdu 4-yg;wdYk uxm; <uif;aom odumyk'f tvH;pHk k kd k wkUd udvnf; ]]ck'gEkc'uwkYd }} [l qdue\/ ]]if; (odumyk'tmywf)wdYk oYkd a&mufvnf;a&muf\ (if;wdYk r) k k k k f f S xvnf;x\}} [l&mum; - &[Emonf avmu0ZtmywfoYkd ra&muf? yPw0ZtmywfoYkd omvQif a&muf\? d (xdoYkd) a&mufvwfaomfum; ud,jf zifvnf; a&muf\? EIwjf zifvnf; pdwjf zifvnf; a&muf\/ ud,jf zifa&mufvwf k k h h h k h aomf uk#um& o[ao,s tpSaom tmywfwYdk oYdk a&muf\? EIwjf zifh a&mufvwfaomf oO&w y'aom"r d d d tpSaom tmywfwYdk oYdk a&muf\? pdwjf zifh a&mufvwfaomf ly,y#d*[P tmywfoYkd a&muf\/ aouy*Kd vf d d k wkYd vnf; enf;yifwnf;/ ]]&[ef;wdYk ? t&m rjzpfxuonf\ tjzpfukd igra[mtyfay}} [lonfum; dk f &[ef;wkYd ? odYk oabmSaom tmywfoYkd a&mufjcif; (if;rS) xjcif;[laom t&m t&d,myk*Kd vftm; rjzpfxuf d kd onf\ tjzpfukd igra[m (tyf)ay/ ]]tm'djA[p&d,u odumyk'wYkd}} [lonfum; - r*f[aom jrwfaom f l tusif\ tpydi;jzpfueaom av;yg;ukeaom (yg&mZdwrnfaom) r[moDvodumyk'wYdk aywnf;/ h k f k f f f txufygtwdi; odumokwygVd t|uxmwkYd rdeYf qxm;aom ck'gEkc'u odumyk'wYkd uyif 0do'r*f k f f kd k f kd k d &nfonf[k ,ltyf\/ txl;owdy&efrm avmu0Zjzpfaom oHCm'doof xkvpO; ygpdwf ponfwUdk udum; S d f k tm'djA[p&d,u odumyk'f xnfoi;,ltyfue\/ h G f k f

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1-bduK ygwdarmuf\tzGihf 0denf;a'oemudk ]]bduK 0dbif;-r[m0dbif;}}[k ac:onf? odumyk'f (227) yg; Sonf/ bduK eDygwdarmuf\ tzGihf 0denf;a'oemudk ]]bduK eD0bif;}}[k ac:onf? odumyk'f (311)yg; Sdonf/ d d if;0dbif;ESprsKd;udk ]]Obawm0dbif;}}[k ac:onf/ yg&mZdu u@ygVdEihf ygpdw,ygVdwYdk yif jzpfonf/ f S d 2-r[m0* plV0*ygVdwYdk vmaom tmp&d,yZm,0wf tpSaom usif0wftaygif;udk cEu0wf[q\/ k d h k kd 3-tmbdormpm&du usi0wfrjynfpvQif 0wab''ku#f tmywfoif tm'djA[p&d,u oDvvnf; hf h kH h rjynfpbJ Savonf? xdYk aMumifh txufygtwdi; a[mawmfronf/ h kH d k f l

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1-pwkw'kuf ]]eddw - rSDaomoDv teddw - rrSDaomoDv}} [lomSd\? ]]ed, - rSD&m}} [lum; rSdcJh? odkYaomf ]]eddw - rSonf}}[k qdvQif ed, - rS&monf twGi; 0ifvQuf\? xdYk aMumifh if;udk D k D f dS oH0aPwA tjzpfjzifh xkwjf yonf/ 2-orm"dynmudk ryGg;apbJ oDvoufoufjzifh oHo&m0#fqif;&JrS vGwajrmufEionf edAmefoYkd f kd f a&mufEionf[k ,lq usifo;aom oDvudk ]]'d|ew - 'd|ukd rSaomoDv}}[k qkv\/ kd f h kH d d d d D d kd

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

210

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1-y#dor'gr*ft|uxm 1-118 ]]uwarm umvy&d,aEm? Oygoaumygodum 'geH ''rmem d y&da0oey&d,EH oDvH orm'd,E?d 0d[m&*wm 0d[m&y&d,EH oDvH orm'd,E?d {uH 0g a'G 0g wa,m 0g bda,sm 0g &wE0ged y&dap'H uwGm oDvH orm'd,E/ t,H umvy&d,aEm/ umv tydi;tjcm;onf d d d k f tb,fenf;? &wemoH;yg;udk qnf;uyfaom Oygoum a,musfm; Oygodum rde;rwdYk onf tv'geudk ay;v k f ukepOf auR;arG;jcif;vQif tydi;tjcm;Saom (auR;arG;csdef qH;onfwiatmif yki;jcm;) oDvudk aqmufwnf f k f d k kd f d f uke\? ausmif;wdu wnfaom Oygoum OygoumrwdYk onf ausmif;wduvQif tydi;tjcm; Saom oDvudk f k f k f k f d aqmufwnfue\? wnOfwaeYjzpfap ESpnOfEpaeYjzpfap oH;nOfo;aeY jzpfap xdYk xuftvGef nOfaeYwYkd k f h f h S f k h kH h ywfv;jzpfap yki;jcm; oDvudk aqmufwnfue\/ onfum; umvtydi;tjcm; aywnf;}}[k rdeYf q\/ kH d f k f k f kd xdreYf qcsufukd axmufr umvtydi;tjcm; yyHukd odtyf\/ k d kd DS k f k

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1-wd-oH;ck+u-taygif;=wdu-wdu-oH;cktaygif; [k qdv\/ k f k k kd

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1-#Dumtvdtm;jzif- ]]zsufq;vsuf oH;oyftyfaomaMumif}h }[k jyefqtyf\/ k h D k kd

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1-r*fzveAmef &nfo oDvponfukd kd f d H aumif;aom ykxZOfy*Kd vf[k qdv\/ k k k kd jznfusiaeaomaMumifh h hf ykxZOfwYdkwif k G aumif;aomol?

2-ryvkyrD rusL;vGeru rdrd yvdaom trIEipyf ytyf rytyf yaumif; ryaumif; ,Hrm;oHo, f f D k S hf k S jzpfcvQif - [k qdv\/ hJ k kd

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1-orP-udavomrD; Nidr;aom t&d,m&[ef; + Ps-jzpfaMumif; = omrn udavomNidr;aom t&d,m f f jzpfaMumif; r*fw&m; 4-yg;? omrn zv-omrnrnfaom r*f\tusKd; t&d,mzdvf 4-yg;/ k 2-y#dor'gr*f ygVdawmfum; .... ]]oDvwdYk onf ukovov tukovov tAsmuwoDvtm;jzifh d kd f D kd f D 3-yg;wkdYwnf;}} [l a[mxm;avonf[k pyfyg/

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1-ukovov tukovov tAsmuwoDv-oH;yg;taygif;udk ukovwdu[k qdonf/ kd f D kd f D k f k

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1-Ak'omoemrS tjyify t,l0g'trsKd;rsKd;SMd uaom y&dAZ&aoh &[ef; 96-rsKd;udk ygo@[k ac:onf/ kd f if;wkUd udk rlvyPmo#Dum 'kw,tkyf plVoD[em'okwtzGihf pmrsufEm 12- xkwjf yxm;onf? tb,m&mr d f S q&mawmf\ tbd"mefed, 441-*gxm rSwcsuf teuft"dyg,fEiwuG azmfjyxm;onf/ f S hf

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

211

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1-vufonf;uGi; twGi;Sd rl&if;ygVdukd azmfjyxm;jcif;rSmaemuf zGijhf yvwHaom tzGipum;rsm;ESihf f f h hf wduqif MunfEi&efjzpfonf? xdygVdrsm;udausmfNyD; zwfom;Ediygonf/ aemufvnf; odYk aom ygVdrsm;udk k f kd h kd f k k G k f xkwjf yxm;&m enf;wlyif ausmfzwfyg/ 2-ygwd-apmifaSmufou+armu-vGwapwwfaom+oH0&-ydwqYkd apmifpnf;rI = ygwdarmuo0& h l kd f f h H apmifaSmufoukd tyg,fqif;&J ponfrS vGwapwwfaom ydwqYkd apmifpnf;rI/ h l f f h

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1-rdpm-rSm;,Gi;aom + tmZD0-toufarG;rI = rdpmZD0-rw&m;aom enf;vrf;jzifh ypnf;Sm touf f arG;rI/ 2-MuOfaSmifjcif;onfif; ...... tmZD0yg&dok'doDv rnf\-[k pyfyg/

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1-odkY tpSdaom - [k csK;jyaom pum;jzifh atmufyg ygVdEihf jrefrmjyefwYkdukd odap\/ H S ]]OPSm y#dCmwm, !Horuo0gwmwyo&DoyrmeH y#dCmwm,? ,m0a'0 [d&aumydey#pm d d 'ew/ =tylukd y,fazsmufrQ tusKd;iSgomvQif? rSuf jcif av aeyl a>ruif;wkYd \ uducxyg;jcif; tawGYwUdk udk H Hk k f J d y,fazsmufrQ tusKd;iSgomvQif (rS0o;aqmif\)? [d&*Pf ysufjy,faMumif; ud,t*Fgudk zH;vTr;krQ tusKd;iSg Hk D J kH d k k f k f H omvQif (0g? zH;uG,oifaom Suz,t*Fgudk zH;uG,rQ tusKd;iSgomvQif) (ouFe;udk rS0o;aqmif\)/ k f h f G f k f Hk f D J kH y#docFg a,medaom yd@ygwH y#dao0wd? ae0 '0g, r'g, e r@em, e 0dboem,? ,m0a'0 l r um, Xdw,m ,myem, 0d[ oly&wd,m jA[p&d,mEk*[m,? wd yk&mPO a0'eH y#d[cFgrd? e0O d a0'eH e Oyga'mrd? ,mMwm p ar b0dwd te0Zwm p zmok0e[ma&m p/ =oifaom taMumif;tm;jzifh h qifjcif qGr; (pm;aomufz,)udk rS0J oH;aqmif\/ aysmfjrL;&ef twGuf r[kwonfom? rmef,pf&eftwGuf f G f D k f r[kwonfom? ta&tqif; Munfvif wifw,f&eftwGuf r[kwonfom? tom;taoG; wd;yGg;jynfh zd;&eftwGuf f h f k r[kwonfom? (pifppfrmrl) kyu,\ wnfNrJwnf&eftwGuomvQif rQwEdi&eftwGuomvQif qmavmif f S f kd f f k f f yifyef;rI Nidr;&eftwGuomvQif tusifjh rwfukd usifo; csD;ajrmufEi&ef twGuomvQif rS0o;aqmif\/ odkY f f h kH dk f f D J kH rS0o;aqmifjcif;jzifh qif&J a0'em a[mif;udvnf; y,fazsmuft?Hh qif;&Ja0'em topfuvnf; rjzpfaptH?h D J kH k kd (&d,mykxf 4-yg;\) oGm;NrJ oGm;jcif;-rQwjcif; onfvnf; igtm; jzpfayvdrrnf? uJ&YJ z,f tjypfuif;jcif; hf h G csr;ompGm ae&jcif;onfvnf; jzpfayvdrrnf ([k qifjcif qGr;udk rS0o;aqmif\)/ f hf f D J kH y#docFg a,medaom aoemoeH y#dao0wd? ,m0a'0 oDw y#dCmwm, OPSm y#dCmwm, !Horuo0gwmwyo&DoyormeH y#dCmwm,? ,m0a'0 Owky&d,0daem'e y#dovmem&mrw/ = H oifaom taMumif;tm;jzifh qifjcif ausmif;tdy&mae&mudk rS0o;aqmif\? tat;udk y,fazsmufkHrQ tusKd;iSg h f D J kH omvQif tyludk .... rSufjcif .... tawGYwkdYudk y,fazsmufkHrQ tusKd;iSgomvQif (rSD0JoHk;aqmif\)? Owkab;&efukd y,fazsmufjcif;ESihf ude;atmif;aexdijf cif; tusKd;iSgomvQif (ausmif;tdy&m ae&mudk rS0o;aqmif\)/ f k f D J kH y#docFg a,meda,m *dvmeyp,aboZy&dum&H y#dao0wd? ,m0 a'0 OyEmeH a0,smAm"dumeH a0'emeH y#dCmwm, tAsmyZy&rwm,/ = oifaom taMumif;tm;jzifh qifjcif aq;udk rS0o;aqmif\? jzpfay:vm h D J kH ukeaom tema&m*gaMumifh jzpfueaom qif;&Ja0'emwkUd udk y,fazsmufrQ tusKd;iSgomvQif qif;&J'uuif;krQ f k f Hk k H tusKd;iSgomvQif (aq;udk rS0o;aqmif\)/}} D J kH txufyg pum;&yfrsm;onf yp,oEwoDv qdi&m bk&m;a[mygVdEihf ,if;\ jrefrmjyefrsm; d d k f S jzpfonf? rlvyPmoygVd ESm 12? t*Fw&ygVd 'k-341-wdYk Sonf/ ygVdwUdk udk tjynftpHk xkwjf yjcif;rSm k d h

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1-a[mawmfrl (tyf)aom .... pifMu,faom .... oH;aqmifjcif;onf-[k pyfyg/ k 2-yp,oEwoDv-ypn;wdYk ukd rSaom oDv-ypn;wdUk udk oH;aqmifrEihf pyf jzpfaom oDv[k d d f D f k I S qdv\/ k kd 3-t0wftxnfaumif;udk ouFe;csKyf&ef jzwfyi;vdujf cif;aMumifh wefz;ysu\? csKyfjcif;aMumifh csKyf; f kd f k kd f dk jzifh tawGYysuf\? qd;jcif;aMumifh tqif;ysu\? odYk oH;yg;tjym;tm;jzifh ysufp;onf[k qdv\/ k f k D k kd

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1-ygwd-apmifaSmufou+armu-vGwapwwfonf = ygwdarmu-apmifaSmufoukd vGwapwwfaom h l kd f h l f oDv/ 2-ygwdarmuo0a&e oH0awm-[laom 0pew-ESihf ygwdarmuo0&oH0awm-[laom edyEy'onf H k H k k f ygVd uGjJ ym;aomfvnf; jrefrmjyefvQium; ruGjJ ym;yJ xyfwom jzpfaernf? xkYd aMumifh xd0pewEihf edyEy'f wdYk ukd f l k S k waygif;wnf; jyefxm;\/ xkYd jyif odYk aom 0pewtzGirsm;onf ygVd tusKd;rsm;aomfvnf; jrefrmjyef hf um; tusKd;rrsm;onfjh yif okw enf;olwYkd rm IyaxG;aewwf\/ xdYk aMumifh odYk aomyk'f tzGirsm; em;rvnf S f hf vQif pdwtyifyef;rcHyJ ausmf zwfoif\/ f h

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1-yk'f tzGirsKd;onfvnf; ygVdusrf;om tusKd;rsm;onf? jrefrmjyefum; tusKd;rrsm;? odYk aomfvnf; hf usrf;&if; SorQ pHvifap&ef jyefxm;jcif;rQom jzpfonf/ odYk aom tzGirsm;udvnf; em;rvnfvQif ausmfom; d k hf k G ygav/ 2-rdrtm; Munfap&ef &[ef;u 'um 'umrwkYd tm; 0g;uday;onf? xd'um 'umrwdYk u 0g;ay; d kd k k bl;aom xk&[ef;tm; ypn;av;yg;udk vwwfonf? xdk ypn;udk oH;aqmifvQif xd&[ef;rSm rdpmZD0 jzpfonf/ d f f k k xef;Gupaom opfuay;jcif;ponfwYdk vnf; enf;wlyif/ f G f

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1-rdru,ukd uRefozG,f edraomt&m xm; (vl'um[laom) olwyg;\ cRwfacsmfwr;yg;aom d kd f hf d f pum;udk az;rzmax;um aumif;pGmxm; rdrtm; cspcifMunfkd apvdonf\ tjzpfjzifh vl'umwkUd udk d f k ajrmufyifum ajymqdjk cif;onf (pm#Kurswm) ysLysLiSgiSg ajymqdjk cif;rnf\/ (#Dum) h 2-yJaemuf[if;csuvQif trsm;u El;eyfvsuf usuf tenf;i,fom rEl;reyfyJ rmvsuf usefaeouJoYkd f h trSm;rsm; trSeenf;aom pum;onf (rk*oyswm) yJaemuf[if;ESihf wlaom pum;rnf\/ (#DumrS vd&if;udk f l k xkwjf yxm;onf) 3-csy;xde;ausmif;wwfaomaMumifh y&db#rnf\? olwyg;wkYd \ om; oli,fwYdk ukd xde;ausmif;ol = D kd f f uav;xdef;udk &\/ uav;xde;\ trIonf yg&db#s rnf\? xdonfyifvQif yg&db#swmrnf\? trnfonf f k (tvuF&Pm'dem) wefqmqifay;jcif; ponfjzifh trsK;'umwkYd \ oli,fwYdkukd xde;jcif;\ trnfaywnf;/ d f (#Dum) #Dum tvuF&Pm'dem - [laom ygXfonf rl&if;[kw[efrwl? tb,faMumifenf; [lrl &[ef;rSm f h h oli,fwYkd tm; jyifqifay;&ef tqifwefqm SbYdk cJ,Of;aomaMumifif;? 0do'r*f jyvwHaom ]]tauFe 0g caEe d h k d h 0g y&db#wd = &ifcijf zifif; ycH;jzifif; csDaqmif xde;ausmif;\}} [laom pum;ESihf rnDaomaMumifif;aywnf;/ G h k h f h

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

213

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1-wrsKd;rsKd;aom-[lonfum; qdcaom 0g;ay;jcif; paom toufarG;rIwYkd wiif;? aq;ukrI ypn; k hJ G f f xde;odr;rI qGr;wHYk ay;rI oHCmhypn; apwD\ypn;wdYk jzifh vmbfujkd zpfaprI tpSueaom rdpmZD0jzifh touf f f f f f d k f arG;jcif;udk yaom trIwYdk wiif; trSwrSd wpHwckaom (rSm;aom toufarG;rIjzifh [k qdv\)/ (#Dum) G f f k k kd

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1-jynfwefqmrwkYd ukd cspuRr;0ifaom rdwaqGtjzpfjzifh rcsO;uyf tyfue?f taMumif;rSm - &[ef;tjzpf h f f f f k (oDv)\ tE&m,fukd ywwfaomaMumifif;? pdwtvdk pifMu,faom &[ef;yif jzpfjim;aomfvnf; uJ&UJ cHjcif;\ h f h taMumif;jzpfaomaMumifif; jzpfayonf/ xdYk aMumifh BuD;yGg;aMumif; tvjrwf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh owdukd xifap h f csOf;uyftyfue\/ (#Dum) k f 2-bduK eDrwdYk onf rsm;aomtusifjh rwf Sue\? bduK wdYk onfvnf; xdYk twlyif? xdbuK eDrESihf bduK d k f k d wdYk onf tcsi;csi;0dobm*0wKrsm; jzpfMuaomaMumifh &if;ES;tuRr;0ifonf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh csOf;uyfvQif &uf f f D f f tenf;i,fjzifyifvQif tusifjh rwf\ tE&m,f jzpf&m\? xdYk aMumifh rcsOf;uyftyfue/ *dvme ar;jcif; ponf\ h k f tpGr;tm;jzifh csOf;uyfvQif owdyavh Sonfjzpf&m\/ (#Dum) f d

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1-2-3- 3-yk'onf OyyaEm oraEm orE*awm - [laom 3-yk'wYdk \ o'geuf jzpfonf/ f f Oayawm jynfp\-[laom yXrqH;yk'teufEihf xyfwl rjzpfap&ef o'geufjyefxm;onf/ jrefrma0g[m& teuf h kH k f S tm;jzifrl 3-yk'v;yif jynfp\ - [lcsnf; jzpfonf/ h f kH h kH

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1-jzpf[laom yk'ukd 0gus\ tqH;jzpfaom ae\ - [laom yk'Eipyfyg/ aemufy'rsm;udvnf; f k f S hf k f k enf;wlyif pyfyg/

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1-abmZOf twdi;tSnukd odonf - [lonfum; oH;aqmiftyfaomaMumifh abmZe - abmZOf[k k f f k rSwtyfaom ypn; 4-yg;vH;vnf; Smjcif; cH,jl cif; oH;aqmifjcif; ponf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh tcsif;cyfor; f f k k f d f twdi;tSnukd odonf[k (qdv\)/ (#Dum) k f f k kd 2-Ek;Mum;jcif;udk tNrJaMumifMh uyonf-[lonfum; (waeYv;ESiwuG) nOfO;,mrf rd;aomuf,mrfywfv; d kH hf h D k kH bm0emudk ESv;oGi;jcif;[k qdtyfaom Ed;Mum;jcif;udk tNrJrjywf yavhonf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh tzefwvJvJ kH f k k dS f ,SOonf xdE;Mum;rI rjywftm;xkwonf [k (qdv\)/ (#Dum) f k kd f k kd

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1-uxm0wK 10-yg; [lonfum; (1) typmuxm-tvdenf;jcif;ESihf pyfaompum;? (2) oaEmouxm d k -a&mif&v,jf cif;ESihf pyfaompum;? (3) y0da0uuxm qdwNf idrjf cif;ESihf pyfaompum;? (4) toHo*uxm h J G rNidw,jf cif;ESihf pyfaompum;? (5) 0D&,m&ruxm - wif;wif;&if;&if; tm;xkwjf cif;ESihf pyfaompum;? (6) G d oDvuxm - oDvESihf pyfaompum;? (7) orm"duxm - orm"dEihf pyfaompum;? (8) ynmuxm - ynmESihf S pyfaompum;? (9) 0drwuxm-t&d,mzdvEihf pyfaompum;? (10) 0drwP'euxm ypa0uPmPfEihf k d k f S k d S

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

214

pyfaom pum; - [laom 10-yg;yif jzpfonf/ 32-yg;aom wd&pmeuxmwkYd ukd Munf uxm 0wK 10yg;wkUd udk ajymavhonf-[k qdv\/ dS k kd

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1-aocd,0wf[aom pum;jzifh 0wuEu ponfwYkd vmaom usi-0wfwYdk uvnf; ,ltyf\? xdk l hf kd usif0wfwYdk apwemrSyvnf; a&mufEi\? ygwdarmufvm aocd, usi0wfwYkdum; vGeusL;vdaom apwem h d J kd f hf f k Srom tmywfoifonf/ xkYd aMumifh apwemrSyJ a&mufraom-[laom pum;jzifh cEuvm aocd,wkYd ukd d S h d d ,ltyf\/ (#Dumudr jyonf)/ k DS

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1-tqif; lygkpaom taMumif;wdYk onf raem0dnmPf ponfwYdk \vnf; taMumif;jzpfaomaMumifh H tjcm;pdwEihf qufqaom taMumif;rsm;jzpfMu\? rsufpyonfum; tjcm;pdwrsm;\ taMumif;rjzpf? puK f S H d k f f 0dnmPf pdw\omvQif taMumif;jzpf\? xdYk aMumifh rqufqaom taMumif;[k qdonf/ f H k 2-rsupoufoufrm jrifwwfaom pdwrS?d jrifwwfaom pdwvnf;r[kw?f xkYd aMumifh rsupyf f d S f f f d k oufoufonf rjrifwwf - [k qdv\/ k kd 3-pdwonfvnf; rS&m rsufprSvQif? rsufpd kyur rjzpf&vQif rjrifwwf[k qdv\/ f D d d f kd DS k kd 4-0dZwd-ypfazmuf\ [laom pum;onf xd;azmuf-pl;0ifap\-[laom teufSd\? xdYk aMumifh av; k oufoufjzifh xd;azmufjcif;-pl;0ifapjcif;udk rNyD;apEki?f jrm;oufoufjzifvnf; ta0; wnfaom t&mudk k d h rxd;azmuf-rpl;0ifapEdi?f pifppfaomfum; av;ESiwuGaom jrm;jzifomvQif xdupukd NyD;apEdionf? xdoYkd k k hf h k d k f k taMumif; taqmuftODav;ESiwuG jrm;jzifh ypfazmufonfuyif ]]av;jzifh ypfonf}} [k qdaom oorm& uxm hf kd k -taMumif; taqmuftODEiwuGjzpfaom pum;uJoYkd -[k qdv\/ S hf h k kd

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1-t|uxm tzGiwYkd puK0dnmPf [laom udP;jzifh <uif;aom cEmig;yg; taygif;[laom hf k f yk*Kd vfuwm;u tqif;udk jrifonf-[k qkv\/ t&m ]]puK0dnmPfpwEiwuG cEmig;yg;taygif; d dk d f S hf yk*Kd vfuwm;u tpdwjf zpfaom puKyom'kyf [laom ukP;jzifh tqif;udk jrifonf}}[k ,lvQif ygVd S&if; d f d twdi;vnf; oifouJoYkd ay\/ k f h h dS

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1-ukvokPm-yk'\ teufjzpf trsKd;acR;r-[k jyefoifaomfvnf; jrefrm xdoYkdaom pum;toH; S f h k k rSaomaMumifif;? rde;r[k omrnjyefjcif;jzifvnf; qdvaom teuf NyD;pD;EdiaomaMumifif; rde;r-[k d h f h k kd k f h f omrnom jyefxm;onf/

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1-trGetjrwf abmZOfwYkd [onfrm axmywf qDO; qD ysm; wifvJ ig; trJ EdYk EdYk "rf; [laom trGef f l S D tjrwfwYkd Eihf wuGjzpfaom qGr;abmZOfwYdk jzpfonf/ S f

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

215

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1-qEH odumy'geH - [laom yk'tzGihf jzpfjim;aomfvnf; jrefrmjyef 0dbwfteufum; vd&if;r[kw?f f k odumyk'f 6-yg;\ okyomvQif vd&if;jzpfonf? xkYd aMumifh tzGicy'Eihf tzGiy'f 2-yg;vH;wdYk ]wdYk \} f k hf H k f S hf k k [laom 0dbwfukd rjyawmhyJ odumyk'f 6-yg;\ okyrQudomvQif jyxm;jcif; jzpfayonf/ f k 2-rSDaom .... tvdkSdaom .... &[ef;\-[k pyfyg/

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1-oD[Vrl 0do'r*f yp,y#dao"e-[k Sd\? xdtvdtm;jzifh ypn;udk jrpfy,fjcif;[k qdtyfaom kd f k d k k f k tHz,ukd jzpfapjcif;jzif-[k qd&m\? tus,zijhf y&m 'g,umwdYk vaom ouFe;-ponfukd rvdcsia,mif h G f h k f G f k f [efaqmif y,fyukd jyxm;aomaMumifh xdygXf oifhouJhodkY Sd\? odYk aomf ]]roifaom enf;vrf;jzifh jzpfap kH k h tyfueaom ypn;wdYk ukd rS0jJ cif;[k odYk qdtyfaom}}[k zGijhf yaom #DumESirl xdygXf rnDay/ k f f D k hf k 2-vufonf;uGi;twGi;Sd rl&if;ygVdukd xkwjf yxm;jcif;rSm aemuf jyvwHaom tzGiEihf wduqif f f h hf S k f kd Munf&ef jzpfonf? aemufvnf; vufonf;uGi;twGi;Sd rl&if;ygVdwYdk ukd xkwjf yxm;jcif;rSm enf;wlyifjzpfonf/ h f f 3- (bmuk#um) rsuarSmif ukyjf cif; [laom a0g[m&onf rsuarSmifuyjf cif; oufoufuom d f f k kd qdvonfr[kw?f tHMh ozG,f yrI tvH;pHuyif wifpm; qdaompum; jzpfonf[k rSw,oif\? xdYk aMumifyif k kd k k kd k f l h h t&m &d,mykxf yjyifxm;jcif;udvnf; bmuk#u-[lyif a[mxm;ayonf/ k d

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1- (yg&db#swm) uav;xde;ol\ trI[k qdjk im;aomfvnf; EIwjf zifh ajymqdjk cif;udk jyaom vyem f yk'\ tzGijhf zpfaomaMumifh uav;xde;uJoYkd acsmacsmarmharmh ,k,k ,, ajymqdjk cif;udom vd&if;[k rSwtyf\/ f f h h h k k f 2-O-yifcs+acyem ypfcsjcif; - aqmifcsjcif; = Oauyem - rSaom*kPjf zifh ajrmufcsD ypfcsouJoYkd h D h d h aqmifcsjcif;-[k qdv\? xdYk aMumifh ]]csDaqmif qdjk cif;}}[k jyefxm;onf? [Hom0wDuf jynfre, h k dk h dk l d vnf; ]]csDaqmif qdjk cif;}}[lyif Sonfjh yif (csD;ajrmuf r[kwf csDaqmif[v) [lvnf; rSmxm;cJ\? ,if; h d h l kd h pum;onf cs;rGr;ajcaqmif-[laom pum; ajrmufx;yifaumf-[laom pum;wdYk Eihf wl\? axmufcovdvEihf D f h kd h S H k dk S uefYuuaom pum;udk axmufuu-[k qdonfEivnf; cyfwwyif jzpfonf/ G f G f k S hf l l

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1-{oem *a0oem y&da,oem-[laom yk'wYkd \teufonf {|d *a0|d y&da,|d-[laom yk'wYdk \ f f teufEihf xyfwjl zpfaeaomaMumifh ,if; 6-yk'ukd waygif;wnf;y 3-eufom jyefxm;onf/ S f 2-oEw rS-[lonfrm wPSmjzifh rSjD cif; 'd|jd zifh rSjD cif;[k 2-rsKd;Sd\? xdwif t&m wPSmjzifh d d D S k G rSjD cif; jzpfonf[k odapvdaomaMumifh ]]yw,E vdcsifawmifwaom}} [k zGijhf yonf/ k k h 3- yXr teufonf #DumwdYk zGijhf yaom teufjzpfonf? ]](,kwrmaom) tvdonf aus;Zl;rJh f k ytyfaom}} [laom 'kw, teufonfum; aus;Zl;yjcif;a[m Oyuwyk'\ qefYusibuf tjzpfjzifh jzpfoifaom d f f h teufjzpfonf/ rSeay\? Oyum& aus;Zl;yjcif; tyum&-aus;Zl;rJh yjcif;-[laom yk'wYdkuoYkd Oyuwf f hJ aus;Zl;ytyfonf tyuw aus;Zl;rJh ytyfonf [laom yk'teufwYkd onf jzpfoifue\/ pmyuw f h k f [laom yk' ]]tvdu aus;Zl;rJh yonf}} [lonfrm raumif;yjcif; tusK;rJh yjcif; ESypufjcif;yif jzpfonf? f k S d d f xdYk aMumifh t|uxm ]]Oy'Kw - ESypuftyfaom}}[k xyfqif zGijhf yxm;cJayonf/ #DumwdYk um; ,if; d f h h Oy'Kw - yk'ukd tmZD0 [laom Oy'a0gjzifh ESypuftyfaom [k zGijhf yxm;\/ f d f

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

216

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1-yk'frS aemuf .... jyjcif;iSg .... a[mawmfrltyf\ - [k pyfyg/ 2-jrpfy,fjzif;jzifif; .... cH,jl cif;jzifif; .... thMH oapjcif;udk - [k pyfyg/ h h

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1-uk-pufqyz,+&Z-jrL-aMu;-anm-tnpftaMu;? uk&Z-pufqyz,jf rL/ um; xdjk rLaMu;anmf k f G f f k f G ESihf tvm;wlaom ,kwrmaom tvdq;udk uk&Z-[k qdv\/ xdk tvdq;jzifh ud,EwwYdk ukd [efaqmif f k kd k kd k kd k f I f csKyfwnf;apmifaSmufjcif;udk aum&Zdus-[k qdonf? t&m aum&Zduaum&Zdaum-[k 2-yk'xyfqif qdxm; h k f h k aomaMumifh ]]tvdq;jzifh ud,EwwUdk udk tvGeEyuyf csKyfwnf;onf}}[k tvGe-[laom pum;ygxnf k kd k f I f f dS f G f h jyef&onf/ tvGeEyuyf csKyfwnf;onf jzpf -[laom yk'ukd ]]edAmefEihf pyfaom pum;udk ajymqk\}} [laom f dS f G f S d yk'Eihf pyfyg/ jzpf - [laom aemuf 4-yk'uvnf; xdYk twlyif pyfyg/ f S f kd

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1-aS; ygVdawmfukd jyef&m0,f rXr tzGiEitnD jyefqconf/ hf S hf kd hJ

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1-&[ef; 2-yg;wkYd onf wckaom GmodYk 0if qGr;pm;Z&yf xdiaeMuNyD;vQif owdYk orD;wa,mufukd f k f (jrif) ac:,lue\? xdk owdYk orD;vmaomtcg xdk 2-yg;wdYk wif wyg;u tjcm;wyg;udk ]] oli,fronf k f G tb,fo\ orD;ygenf; tSib&m;}} [k ar;\? ]]igwdkY\ tvkytauR; jzpfaom awvuE&umrnfaom l f k f d 'umr\orD; jzpfonf? oli,fr\ trdonf igtdroYkd oGm;vwfaomf axmywfuvvQif axmywft;jzifyif f kd dk h uyfv\? oli,fronfvnf; ol\taruJoYkd axmywft;jzifyif uyfv\}}[k ajrmufyif ajymqdowwf/ h kd h h k taMumif;t&mudk &nf ]]t&m awvuE&u0wKudk ajymoifonf}}[k qdayonf/ (#Dum) oarm[ d h k 0daem'eD ESm 464-vnf; 0wK Sd\/

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1-uav;xde;ausmif;jcif;trI (yg&db#s) onfyifvQif yg&db#swm rnf\/ (#Dum) tvdtm;jzifh f k yg&db#sESihf yg&db#swmonf teuftm;jzifh twlwyif - [k rSw&m\? om Sif;ay\/ l f 2-edrwur-[lonfum; ypn;v&ef trSwerwukd yjcif; uRr;usionf\ tjzpf[aom Pf d f f d d f f f l aywnf;/ xdk edrwur qdvwHonfum; 0wKaywnf;/ wqifh Mum;bl;onfrm .... wyg;aom qGr;cH d k h S f &[ef;onf tvkytauR; 'umjzpfaom yef;yJorm;\ tdrwcg;odYk om; (yef;yJorm; 'umu) ]]bmvJ f f H G tSib&m;}}[k ar;tyfonfaomf ouFe;tMum;jzifh vufuxw yJcyayguf[ef tjcif;t&mudk y\? yef;yJ f k dS f kd k f G f orm; 'umonf ]]wynfawmf aumif;pGm rSwrygNyD tSib&m;}} [k qdum yJcuukd yvky ay;vavowwf/ h f d f k k G f f (oarm[0daem'eD ESm-465)

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1-rdr\ tvdukd jyjcif;onf Mobmo rnf\? xdk Mobmoum;-tb,fenf; [lrl ]],cktcg d k &[ef;wkYd rm ypn;rsm; &cJue\? (Sm;yg;uke\)?}} odYk tpSaom ypn;wdYk Eihf pyfaom pum;aywnf;/ (#Dum) S f k f f d f S 2-tvdkSdtyfaom 0wK\teD; ajymqdjk cif;onf omrEZy rnf\/ (#Dum)

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

217

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1-10-yg;aom qJa&;aMumif; 0wKwdYk [onfrm (1) trsKd;Zmwf (2) trnf (3) tEG,f (4) trI-tvkyf l S tudif (5) twwfynm (6) tema&m*g (7) t&yf tedrhf tjrifh tom; trnf; tjzLpaom toGio@mef (8) k f avmb a'gopaom udavom (9) tmywf (10) EGm;yJ acG;yJ wd&pmefyJ ponfjzifh taxGaxG qJa&;jcif;[laom 10-yg;wkYd yif jzpfonf/ 2-qJa&;rnfrS aMumufjcif;aMumifaomfvnf; ay;vwef&m\ - [k BuH 10-yg;aom qJa&;aMumif; 0wK h wkYd jzifh qJa&;jcif; jzpfonf/ Iwcsjcif; ponfwYdk onfvnf; xdYk twlyif/ (#Dum) f

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1-tpS[aom pum;jzifh .... ,kwrmaom tusihwUdk udk ,ljcif;udk odtyf\-[k pyfyg/ d l f f 2-ewfm edAmefa&mufaMumif; tusifEihf qefYusifbuf twwfukd zDvmtwwf-[k qdonf/ G h S k

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1-jrefrmjyefy'ukd tzGictjzpfjzifh xkwjf yvQif tzGipum;ESihf xyfwjl zpfaernfh t&mif; o'gteufukd k f hf H hf zGijhf yaom t&mif; ygVdukd tzGictjzpfjzifh xkwjf yonf? jrefrmjyefy'ukd xkwjf yoifaom t&mrl jrefrmjyef hf H k f h yk'ukd xkwjf yonf/ tcsKdYt&m ygVdEihf jrefrm 2-rsKd;vH;udk xkwjf yxm;onf/ f S k

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1-awmrD;avmifjcif; ponfrm awGYuHcaomaMumifh ouFe;jzifif; ausmif;jzifif; rD;ylukd y,fazsmufjcif; S J f h h tusKd;onf e,fy,ftvGef usOf;\? xdYk aMumifh aeyla&mifrS wyg; wjcm;aom tyl[orQwdYk ukd t&m OPSmt& l tyl[k ,lvQifvnf; oif&m\/ rSeay\? tvGeyjl yif;aom t&yfa'owdYk &moDOwkaMumifjh zpfaom tylukd t0wf h f f ouFe;jzifif; taqmuftODjzifif; umuG,&\/ xdYk aMumifyif ]]oDwH OPSH y#d[Ed = (ausmif;taqmuftODu) f h h f h tat;udif; tyluif; umuG,f y,fazsmufonf}} [laom plV0g ygVdawmf\tzGihf t|uxm ESm 58- ]]tat; k kd udif; tyluif; [laom pum;udk oabmrwlaom Owk\ tvdtm;jzifh a[mawmfrtyfonf}}[k zGijhf yawmf k kd k l rlayonf/

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1-ukyH t0"m&PH 0g y#dpm'eH t&[wDw-wenf;um; zH;uG,jf cif;udk xduaomaMumifh aumyDe-rnf\? d k k f Suz,f teufoabmaMumifh [d&vnf; rnf\? if;onf (zH;uG,xuaomaMumif) aumyDevnf; rnf\/ f G D k f kd f h xdYk aMumifh [d&aumyDe rnf\/ (#Dum) tvdtm;jzifh ]]Suz,jf zpf zH;uG,xuaom t*Fgudk zH;uG,jf cif; d k f G k f kd f k tusKd;iSg}} [l jyefqdktyf\/ aS;atmufajc rSwfcsuf teufudk ]]0g? zHk;uG,foifhaom SufzG,f t*Fgudk}} [k jycJNh yD/ 2-yda@vs - qGr;cHjcif;jzifh + ygw - usaptyfonf avmif;xnftyfonf = yda@vsygw - yd@ygwf h qGr;cHjcif;jzifh (oydw) usaptyfaomqGr;/ f f f

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1-yd@-wvkywcJ qGr;wdYk \ + ygw - taygif; = yd@ygw-wvkywcJ qGr;wdYk \ taygif;/ f f f f

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

218

2-e r@em, - [lonfum; ud,\ Munfvifjcif; tusKd;iSg pm;onfr[kwf/ xdkpum;&yf kyfudkrSD k f toufarG;ukeaom rmwk*grwkYd onfif; eef;wGi;ol ponfwYdk onfif; axmywf wifvJ rnfonfukd aomufuef f f k \? xdrmwk*grwkYd Eihf eef;wGi;ol ponfwYdk onf ]]abmZOfukd oH;aqmifjcif;jzifh igwdYk \ kyu,onf (tcsKd; k S f k f kd f us) aumif;aomyHo@mefonf jzpfayvdrrnf? ud,ta&tqif;onf Munfvifayvdrrnf}}[k &nfnf k dS hf k f hf G ajrmvif odrarGYE;nHaom abmZOfukd pm;aomufue\? a,m*D &[ef;onfum; odYk &nf,ajrmvif f h f l h k f G f f h pm;aomufonf r[kway/ (t|omvdeD ESm-430) aS; atmufajc rSwcsuf0,f ygVdukd jrefrm jyef&m tzGiEihf f f hf S tnD jyefqconf/ kd hJ

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1-bk&m;tqH;trawmfjzpfaom avmuD avmukw&m oDv orm"d ynm tusi[orQukd omoejA[ k hf l p&d,-[k ac:onf? t&d,mr*f twGi;0ifaom r*if 8-yg;[laom avmukw&m oDv orm"d ynm odum f oH;yg;udk r*jA[p&du-[k ac:onf? odYk jA[p&d, 2-yg;\ txl;udk rSwtyf\/ k f 2-ed'ge0*o,wygVd ESm 322-ykwrH olyrokw Munfyg/ H k f f h 3-rlvyPmoygVd ESm 188-tv*'Lyrokw Munfyg/ f h

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1-y,fazsmufthH .... topfjzpfvwHaom a0'emudvnf; .... rjzpfaptH[k odYk ESv;oGi;vnf;-[k h k h kH f pyfyg/ 2-a0'ema[mif;udk y,fazsmufthH ..... xda0'emopfuvnf; rjzpfaptH-[k odYk ESv;oGi;vnf;-[k k kd h kH f pyfyg/ 3-ytyfaom .... uHudk-[k pyfyg/

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1-csrf;ompGm ae&jcif;onfif; .... ightm; jzpfayvdrrnf-[k pyfyg/ hf 2-MuOfojzifh .... y,fjcif;aMumif-[k pyfyg/ h

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1-ywd-tem\ qefYusifbuf+t,-jzpfonf = yp,-tem\ qefYusifbuf jzpfonf? 0g? temudk aysmufNidr;apwwfonf/ *dvme-olem+yp,-temudk aysmufNidr;apwwfonf = *dvmeyp,-olem\ temudk f f aysmufNidr;apwwfaom ypn;/ #DumtzGium;-"mwfacsmufcsm;jcif; vuPmSaom a&m*gESihf xd"mwfacsmufcsm; f f hf d k jcif;aMumifh jzpfaom 'kua0'em[laom vuPmSaom a&m*g\ qefYusibuf tjzpfonf y#dt,e| d f qefYusibufjzpfaom oabmrnf\? xdYk aMumifh ]]qefYusifbuf tjzpfjzifjh zpfaom teufoabmaMumif}h } um; f y#dt,ea|e-\ teuf[k qdayonf? aysmufNidr;apwwfaom oabmaMumifh [k qdv\/ #DumESitnD k f k kd hf *dvmeyp,yk' yp,yk'ukd ]]temudk aysmufNidr;apwwfaom ypn;}} [k jyefoif\/ f f f f h 2- (ow[) e*&y&duma&[d - [lonfum; rdYukd vSnywfNcH& apmifaSmufaom t&Htwm;wdYk jzifh d hf H h (t&m) (1) rdYywfvnf [if;vif;jyift&yf? 0g? [if;vif;jyifrdYywfvrf; ( ) usKH; (3) rdYdk;\ qifajcavQm 2 tajc (4) rdY;wHwi; (5) wHcg;wdif (6) wHcg;rif;'kwf - wHcg;*vefY (7) ygum&yw@vac: rdY;wHwi;\ kd kd f k d kd kd f tvGeMf urf;aom ajr[laom (7)yg;wdYk onf rdY\ t&Htwm;wkYd wnf;[l q&mwdYk wnf;[l q&mwkYd qdue\? k k f (#Dum)/ t*Fw&ygVd 'kw,wJG ESm 478-e*a&myrokwum; (1) ajr0ifeufaom wHcg;wdif (2) eufus,faom k d f k usKH; (3) jrif us,faomrdYywfvrf; (4) rsm;pGmaomvufeuf (5) rsm;pGmaom ppfonftaygif; (6) uRrf;usif h

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219

vdrmaom wHcg;apmifh (7) jrifus,faom rdY;wHwi;[laom (7)yg;wkYd ukd rdY\ tumtuG,f t&Htwm; h dk kd f (7)yg;[k jyqdxm;\? ,if;okwonf xkwjf yxm;aom om"u okwyif jzpfonf/ k f f

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1-*dvmeyp,-olem\ temudk aysmufapwwfaom + aboZaq;-y&du&-tumtuG,f t&Htwm; = *dvmeyp,aboZy&dum&-olem\ tumtuG,temaysmufaq;? 0g? olem\ umuG,a&; temaysmufaq;? f f odYk yk'aph ygXfaph teufjzpfjim;aomfvnf; aq;[lif; aq;ypn; [lif; rQjzifyifvQif vdtyfaom f f h k teufukd odapEdi\? xkYd aMumifh aS; *dvmeyp,aboZy&dum& [laomyk'ukd aq;[lif; aq;ypn; k f f f [lif; twdcsKyfom jrefrmjyefconf/ k hJ 2-]]*dvmeyp,aboZy&dum&rnfaom xdaq;ud}k } [laom tzGionf ygVdr&if; S&if;twdi; jyef k hf l d k f jyaom tzGijhf zpfonf? if;tzGiukd 0dbwsEo0Pem-0dbwftqHk;Sdaom yk'ftzGifh[l ac:onf/ odkYaom hf H tzGionf ygVd tusKd;rsm;aomfvnf; jrefrmjyefum; tusKd;rrsm;ay/ odYk aomfvnf; 0do'r*f S&if;twdi; hf k d d k f jynfpap&ef tjynftpHk jyefq jyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ h kH h kd

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1-ZmwmeH blwmeH edAwmeH-[laom 3-yk'wUkd udk waygif;wnf; jyefxm;aom teufjzpfonf/ f 2-"mwfwyg; jzpfap 2-yg; 3 yg;jzpfap 4-yg;pvH;jzpfap ysujf cif;udk "mwfacsmufcsm;jcif;[k qdonf? k k ,if;"mwfysujf cif;udvnf; ESypufwwfaomaMumifh tmAm"-tem-[k ac:onf/ k d f 3-0d-trsKd;rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh + tmAm" - ESypufwwfaom temaMumifh + u - jzpfMuaom d f a0'emrsm; = a0,smAm"du-trsKd;rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh ESypufwwfaom temaMumifjh zpfaom 'kua0'em d f rsm;/

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1-y#d-pGrue -oH;aqmifue + t,-toufwrf; tqH;wdia&mufMuonf-jzpfMuonf = yp,J DS k f k k f k k f touftqH;wdif oGm;a&mufEiatmif rS&m oH;aqmif&m - oH;aqmiftyfaom ypn;rsm;/ k k kd f D k k f

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1-jrwfpmbk&m;onf ynwfoifonfukd odawmfr ynwfawmfronf? ,if;ynwfukd vGeusL;vQif G h l l f tukovjf zpf tyg,fqif;&J ponfoYkd a&mufapwwfonf? rvGeusL;yJ kaovduemusihvQif ukovjf zpf kd f d k f f kd ok*wdeAmefoYkd a&mufapwwfonf? orm"d ynmwdUk \ tajccHtaMumif;&if;vnf; jzpfonf[k wxpfcs ,HMk unf d toufuyif riJyJ odumyk'f [lorQudk kaopGm usif&rnf[k qdv\/ kd h d h k kd

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1-oroDo&[Em[lonfum; (t&m) 0#f\ OD;acgif; ZD0wa`EEihf udavom\OD;acgif; t0dZm\ D d d S wydieufuoYkd tnDtrQ ukecef; jywfpom;aom &[Emaywnf;/ csJYjytH?h tMuify*Kd vftm; udavom\ f hJ f J G k OD;acgif; jzpfaom t0dZmudk r*f 4-yg;tpOfjzifh t&[wr*fu ukeap\? xdYk aemif 19-Budrajrmuf ypa0uPm f f Pf wnf b0ifoYkd oufvwfaomf 0#f\ OD;acgif;jzpfaom ZD0wa`Eukd pkwpwu ukeap\? xdy*Kd vfukd d d d d f f k k (udavom\ OD;acgif;udk ukeapaom ypa0uPESiwuG r*0x0gESihf 0#f\OD;acgif;udk ukeapaom pkwpw0g& f hf D d f d d f [laom) 0g& 2-ck wlnonf\ tjzpfaMumifh oroDo[ qdtyf\/ xdrax&fonfvnf; xdtjcif;t&mjzifh D D l k k k y&deAmef pHawmfrav\/ xdYk aMumifh ]]oroDornfaom &[Emjzpf y&deAmefpawmfrowwf}}[k rdeYf qayonf/ d l D d H l kd

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

220

(#Dum) #Dum 19-ckajrmuf ypa0uPmPf [laompum;onf atmufr*fzvwYkd \ tjcm;rJjzpfaom kd f h ypa0uPmPf 15-ckyg aygif;qdaom pum;jzpfonf/ k

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1-teufonf orvr|H-[laomyk'\ jrefrmjyefjzpfonf? #Dum ,if;yk'ukd ]]cyfor;aom tjcif; d f f d f t&mtm;jzifh oH;oyftyf\? rsufpOf;cwftyf\}}[k zGixm;onf/ um; ]oHacsmif;jzif}h [laom u&dP; k hf f tm;avsmfpm ]xd;azmufjcif;} [lvnf; jyefxm;\/ G k 2-qifjcif .... wm;jrpfonfjzpf `E,oH0&oDvudk aumif;pGm jynfpaptyf\-[k pyfyg/ d h kH 3-aZm0dnmPf\ .... pGvrf;jcif;udk .... wm;jrpfonfjzpf -[k pyfyg/ J 4-tpOfvdkuftyfaom ..... pGJvrf;jcif;udk - [k pyfyg/

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1-lygkHwdkYaMumifhif; .... (jzpfvwHhaom tusKd;rJhrS) [k pyfyg/ aemuf[dwf 4-yk'wYdk uvnf; enf;wlyif f kd pyfyg/ 2-'Gg&wdYk onf ESypufue\[k qdaompum;onf um&Plypmjzifh qdaompum;jzpf\? pifppfrmrl 'Gg&udk d f k f k k S taMumif;y jzpfaom tbdZmpaom udavomwkUd uom ESypufwwfayonf? ,if;udavomwkUd u ESypufonf d f d f udyif 'Gg&wdUk u ESypufonf[k wifpm; qdxm;onf/ k d f k

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1-tmkwYkd onf ESypufue\[l&mvnf; um&Plypmyif jzpfonf? pifppfrmrl lygkpaom tmkvQif H d f k f S H H taMumif;Saom udavomwdYk uom ESypufwwfayonf/ d d f

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1-NyD;pD;jynfpaptyf\ [lonfum; ]]wzef odYk ryawmht}Hh }[k t"d|mefjcif;[laom pifMu,faMumif;jzifh h kH NyD;pD;jynfpaptyf\/ (#Dum) h kH

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1-&m*onf umr ly tly [laom bHo;yg;udk vTr;rd; jzpfaomaMumifh jzpf&me,fy,f BuD;rm; k kH f k us,0ef;\? xdYk aMumifh BuD;pGmaom &m*[k qdonf/ (#Dum) f k

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1-*gxm ukvykwrmed tanmyd-[k Saom ygXfum; roif?h ukvykawm 'ged tanmyd-[k Sdaom d ygXfom oifonf? xdygXft& jyefxm;onf/ h k

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1-tpSd-[laompum;jzifh ]]tMum;tjrifrsm;jcif; 0wfBuD; 0wfi,fwYdkukd jznfusijhf cif; Munfz,f h kd G &d,mykxEihf jynfpjkH cif;}} ponfwUkd udk ,ltyf\/ (#Dum) f S h

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

221

2-ponf-[laom pum;jzifh ]]rdwaqG cspfuRrf;0ifaomol yHoulmjcif;}} ponfwUdk udk ,ltyf\/ f h S (#Dum)

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1-edrw-rnfonfum; (ouFe;paom) ypn;wdUk udk &nf (rdr) tvdukd odatmif edrwf yjcif;wnf;/ d f f f d k d (#Dum)

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1-Mobmo-rnfonfum; ajzmifajzmifwuuf rajymrl rdrtvdk xifm;ay:atmif t&dyta&mifjyvsuf h h kd f dk d S f ajymqdjk cif;wnf;/ (#Dum) 2-y&duxm-rnfonfum; y&d,m,ftm;jzifh ajymqdjk cif;wnf;/

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1-teufonf pwmVDo0med-[laom oD[Vrut& jyefxm;jcif;jzpfonf? tSiom&dyMk wm\ kd f l JG f &[ef;0grSm 44-0grQom SaomaMumifh yOpwmvDo0med-[laom ygXfum; roif/ d h 2-]]tlracGwYkd xu ajr tpmSmoGm;onf}} [laom pum;rSm xdpOfumvu oH;pG; avmua0g[m& G f k k J dk pum;jzpfonf? xdYkaMumifh #Dum A[dpa&-[laom ygVdukd atmufygtwdi; zGijhf yxm;onf/ k f A[dpa&-jyify usupm;&m\-[lonfum; wnf&mrS xGu tpmSm usufpm;onf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh f f f tjyify tu,f vSnvnfusufpm;jim;tHh ([k qdv\)/ tvGetvdenf;jcif;udk jyjcif;tusKd;iSg avmu hf k kd f k a0g[m& pum;jzifyifvQif odYk rdeYf qayonf/ rSeay\? avmu roifaom tpmudk pm;avhaom tpm; h kd f h dS MuL;aom olukd uJ&YJ ueonfaomf ]]xdo\ tlwYdk onf tb,faMumifh tjyifoYkd usufpm;avukebd oenf;}}[k h k f dS k l h f odYk ajymqdwwfue\/ (#Dum) k k f

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1-wqifMh um;bl;onfrm r[mwdrax&fonf tpmSm;yg;aom 'kAuumv c&D;oGm;vwfaomf S d qGr;jywfjcif;aMumifif; c&D;yef;jcif;aMumifif; yifyef;aom ud,vsuf tm;enf;onfjzpf toD;Saom f h h k f dS d wckaom o&ufyif\teD; .... atmuft&yf vnf;avsmif;ae&avowwf/ rsm;pGmukeaom o&ufo;wkYd onf f D xdxkd t&yf a<uusvsuf Sue\? xdt&yf xdrax&fxuf toufBuD;aom OygoumBuD;wa,mufonf k d k f k k rax&f\ txHoYkd csOf;uyf yifyef;aejcif;udk odaomaMumifh o&ufo;azsmf&nfukd wdu rdr\ ausmufue;odYk D k f d k f wifNyD;vQif rdrae&mt&yfoYkd aqmifom;\? r[mwdrax&fonf d G ]]OygoumBuD;onf oif\ tbvnf; r[kway? f trdvnf; r[kway? aqGrsKd;vnf; r[kway? rdwaqGvnf; f f f r[kway? odYk jzpfygvsuf oDvSonf\tjzpf [laomtaMumif; f d aMumifh odYk oabmSaom ycH;jzifh xrf;aqmifjcif; tpSaom d k d udpukd yygay\}}[k rdru,ukd qH;rNyD;vQif Ijcif; oH;oyfjcif;udk tm;xkw 0dyemudk yGg;apNyD;vQif OygoumBuD;\ ausmufue; d kd f k k f k f xuf wnfvsufyif r*fav;yg;tpOfjzifh t&[wzvukd rsufarSmufyawmfrav\/ taMumif;t&mudk kd f l &nf, ]]o&ufo;wdUk udk aumuf, rpm;aom r[mwdrax&f\ 0wKudvnf; t&m qdoif\}}[k G f D l k k h (0do'r*f) rdeYf qayonf/ (#Dum) k d kd

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

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1-"mwf\ tpGr;tm;jzifif;-[lonfum; ouFe;ponfEihf xdouFe;ponfukd oH;aqmifaom yk*Kd vf f h f S k f k [laom t&monf taMumif;tm;avsmpm rjywfjzpfaeaom "mwfoabmrQomvQiwnf;[k odYk "mwfukd f G f ESv;oGi;jcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifif; ([k qdv\)/ (#Dum) kH f f h k kd 2-y#duv\ tpGr;tm;jzifif;-[lonfum; aS;OD;pGm qGr; tm[ma&y#duvonm\ tpGr;tm;jzifh l f h f l f (tvH;pHaom ouFe;ponfwYkd rl) ]]ouFe; tpSaom tvH;pHaom ypn;wkYd onf (olYyifuoabm tm;jzif) k k f f d k k f kd h pufqyz,f r[kwue?f odYk aomfvnf; kyu,f [laom tykyaumifoYkd a&mufMuvQif tvGevQif pufqyz,f k f G f k f kd f f k f G SMd uonf jzpfuevwH}h }[k odYk pufqyz,f ESv;oGi;jcif;jzifif; ([k qdv\)/ (#Dum) k f k f G kH f h k kd

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1-ax,sy&dabm*-rnfonfum; rxduwefaom 'kv\ oH;aqmifjcif;wnf;/ jrwfpmbk&m; k f D k G onfvnf; rdr\omoemawmf oDvSaom yk*Kd vftm; ypn;wkYd ukd cGihf yawmfrl (tyfue)\? 'kDvtm; d d f k f cGihf yawmfrrl (tyfue)? 'g,umwdYk \ (pGeYf vj cif;onfvnf;) oDv Saom yk*Kd vftm;omvQif pGeYf vj cif; jzpfay k f d \? 'kvtm; pGeYf vj cif; r[kway? (tb,faMumifh qdaomf) rdr\ aumif;rIwUkd \ tusKd;BuD;onf\ tjzpfukd D f k d awmifwjcif;aMumifaywnf;? odYk jrwfpmbk&m;u cGirytyfaomaMumifif; 'g,umwkUd u rpGeYf vtyfaom h h G hf h aMumifif; 'kv\ oH;aqmifjcif;onf cd;jcifjzifh oH;aqmifjcif; jzpfaomaMumifh ax,sy&dabm*rnf\/ (#Dum) h D k k k 2-a<u;NrD\ tvdtm;jzifh oH;aqmifjcif;onf Py&dabm*rnf\? tvcH yk*Kd vfbufrS tv pifMu,f k k aMumif;jzpfaom oDvt*Fg\ (tjynftpH) rSjd cif;[laom taMumif;aMumifh a<u;,l oH;aqmifjcif;ESihf wl\? h k k um; Py&dabm*yk'\ qdvaom teufwnf;/ (#Dum) f k kd

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1-pifMu,faMumif;jzpfaomaMumifh 0do'rnf\? 0denf;w&m;tm;avsmpm tmywfukd ajymMum;jcif; k d f G (a'oem) onfyifvQif pifMu,faMumif; (ok') rnf\? (xdYk aMumif) a'oemok'rnf\/ oHCm'doof tmywfrS d h d d xjcif; (0k|me) udvnf; t&m a'oemjzifomvQif a&wGujf cif;udk rSwtyf\/ yg&mZdu tmywfaom yk*Kd vf k h f dS rSmrl &[ef;r[kwonf\ tjzpfukd 0efcjH cif;onfyifvQif a'oemajymMum;jcif; rnf\/ (#Dum) f

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1-pifMu,faMumif;Saom oDvwkYd rl a'oem[laom pifMu,faMumif; (ok') SaomaMumifh a'oem ok'd d d d rnf\? <uif;aom oH0&ok'ov ponfwYdkvnf (0pewonf) enfyifwnf;/ (#Dum) d D

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1-oDvodumESihf jynfpvQif xdovudk usiqjJ zpfaomaMumifh aouy*Kd vfrnfonf[k qdv\/ h kH k D hf k k kd 2- yXrteufonf tmyO oHCm#d&Zly0g[eH - [laom ygXfukd t|uxm #DumtzGirsm;ESihf tnD hf jyefqtyfaom teufjzpfonf? xdteuf ouFe;ypn;udvnf; y"metm;jzifh r&? jrLtnpftaMu;udk aq;avQmf kd k f f k aMumif;jzpfaom a&[laom pum;jzifvnf; *dvmeyp,aboZ-[laom olemoH;aq;ypn;[k qd&efravsmvacs? h k f k f S xdYk aMumifh &Zly0g[eH-[laom yk'ukd &aZmy0g&PH-[laom yk'uoYkd BuH ]]a&udif; jrLzHukd wm;jrpfumuG,f f f hJ k k wwfaom ouFe;udif;}}[k 'kw,teufukd jyefqxm;onf? jyefqcsuf ouFe;udvnf; y"metm;jzifh & f k d kd kd f k \? aomufa&[laom olemoH; aq;udvnf; &\/ k k

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1-t&m o'geuftwdtusjyefvQif ]]yp,oEwoDv\ xuf0ef;usif jynfponfukd yavh d d h kH Sdonf\ tjzpf}}[k jzpf\? xkoYkdjyefvQif jrefrmpum; racsmaomaMumifh jrefrmpum;acsmap&ef txufygtwdi; d k f jyefqxm;onf/ kd

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1-ukeaom - [laom 0daooeyk'wYdk ukd uvsmPykxZOfwYkd \ - [laomyk'Eihf pyfyg/ f f k f S

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1-y&d,E-tydi;tjcm;Saom+yg&do'ov-xuf0ef;usif pifMu,fjcif;Saom oDv= y&d,Eyg&do'ov k f d k d D d k d D - tydi;tjcm;Saom xuf0ef;usif pifMu,fjcif; Saom oDv/ k f d d

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1-ty&d,E yg&do'ov - tydi;tjcm;rSaom xuf0ef;usif pifMu,fjcif; Saom oDv/ k d D k f d d 2-rsupd em; ESm vuf ajc paom ud,t*FgwdUk udk zsuq;jcif;rS uif;apvdvQif ESypufzsuq;rnfh f k f f D k d f f D xdvq;wkYd tm; rdrrm Saom Opmudk pGeYf &m\? ay;&m\-[k qdv\/ k l kd d S d k kd

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1-y&dyPyg&do'd - xuf0ef;usif jynfpaom xuf0ef;usif pifMu,fjcif;Saom oDv/ k k h kH d

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1-ty&mr|yg&do'ov-ig ig\Opm[k rSm;,Gi;pGm roH;oyftyfaom xuf0ef;usif pifMu,fjcif; Saom k d D f k d oDv/

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1-a&m*gudk oH;oyfvsuf-[lonfum; a&m*gjzpf jzpfaom a0'emudif;? 0g? a&m*g[laom a0'emudk k k if; a0'emudk y"meyojzifh <uif;aom emrfw&m;wdYk uif; kyw&m;wkYd uif; odr;qnf; 0dyem Ivsuf ([k kd f kd f qdv\)/ (#Dum) t|uxm #Dumpum;wdYk jzifh a&m*g[k qdtyfaom 'ku a0'emudk Ivsuf t&[wzvf k kd k kd wdiatmif &EdiaMumif; NrJNrHpm rSwom;tyf\/ k f k f G f

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1- ]aomfvnf;} [laom pum;jzifh oDvudaomfvnf; qkw,wf ysufp;apukeao;\? psmef ponf k f k D f wkYd ukd qkw,wf ysufp;apukeonfrm qdz,rSNd yD[k qdv\/ (#DumtzGi) f k D f S k G f k kd hf 2-0gusonf 0do'r*f wwd,*gxm\ aemufyi; xuf0ufjzpfonf? odYk aomfvnf; ,if;onf k d kd f ted,wf0gus jzpfaomaMumifh 'kw,*gxm\ aS; aqmif jyefqonf/ d kd 3-y#dy'yg&do'ov-udavomwkYd \ wzef Nidr;at;jcif;jzifh xuf0ef;usif pifMu,fjcif; Saom d k d D f d oDv/

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

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1-yXrteufonf aemuf jyvwHaom t|uxmtzGiEihf tnDjyefqtyfaom teufjzpfonf/ h hf S kd 2-'kw,teufonfum; ]][d&d Mowy ukPm avmb ponf tr;Saom tMuif ukovf pdwK yg'f d d kd jzifh ygPmwdygwudk y,ftyf\? ygPmwdygwudk y,faMumif;jzpfaom xduovf pdwK yg'fonf oDveteuf k k kd oabmaMumifh oDvrnf\}} [l zGijhf yaom #DumESitnD jyefqtyfaom teufjzpfonf/ hf kd

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1-aeuare-[lonfum; tavmbjy"mef;aom ukovpwK yg'fjzifh ([k qdv\)? rSeay\? umr\ kd f d k kd f qefYusifzuf jzpfueaom ukovw&m;wdUk udk t&m aeur[k tvdtyfue\/ (#Dum) k f kd f k dS k f 2-,cktcg ormywf ponfwYdkukd &aMumif;ESiwuG 8-yg;aom ormywfponfwYdk \ tpGr;tm;jzifh hf f (y[meoDvponfwUdk ud) jyjcif;iSg aPe-Pfjzifh ponfukd a[mawmfrl (tyf)ay\? rSeay\? emrly k f y&d*[Pf ucFg0dw&PPfwYdk \ taESmift,Sujf zpf jzpfaom arm[udk a0;atmifyojzifh wy&dnm h wnfaom yk*Kd vftm; tedponm ponfwYdk onf NyD;uke\? xdYk jyif psmef ormywfwYkd arGYavsmjf cif;\ taMumif; f jzpfaom ygarmZjzifh xdpsmeformywfwYkd rarGYavsmjf cif;udk y,fazsmuftyfNyD;onf Saomf xdpsmef ponfwUdk udk k d k &jcif;NyD;pD;\/ xkYd aMumifh ormywfEihf 0dyemwdYk \ &aMumif;onf t&wdac:aom raysmarGYjcif;udk y,fazsmuf S f jcif;ESihf t0dZmudk azmufcJG y,fzsufjcif; ponfyifwnf;/ (#Dum) #Dumtvdtm;jzifh ]]Pfjzifh t0dZmudk k y,fjcif;}}[lonfrm emrlyy&d*[Pf yp,y&d*[PfwYdk jzifh ,if;wdYk \ qefYusizuf jzpfaom t0dZmudk S f y,fjcif;yif jzpfonf[k ,ltyf\/

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1-psmef ormywf 8-yg;wdYk Eihf ,if;wdYk jzifh y,ftyfaom w&m;wdUk udk aemufpsmeftcPf; tus,f S jyvwH/ h 2- 18-yg;aom r[m0dyemwdYk Eihf ,if;wdYk jzifh y,ftyfaom w&m;wdUk udk aemuf 0dyemynm S r*fynm tcPf;wdYk tus,fjyvwh/ H

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1-ygVdukd jrefrmjyefc&m y[meH - yk'ukd y,fjcif;[k jyefconfrm t|uxmtzGiEihf tnDyif hJ f hJ S hf S jzpfonf/

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1-ra*e r*y#dywd - [k ac:aom vdicsif; pyf,urI arxkeEihf uGjJ ym;ap&ef (7)yg;udk arxkei,f[k f S f f S f i,f-[laom 0daooeESihf wuG jyefqxm;onf/ kd

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1-0efcygvsuf .... arxkeBf uD;odYk ra&mufjim;aomfvnf; .... qkye,fay;jcif;udk om,m vufc\ - [k H f H pyfyg/ 2-(7)yg;aom arxkei,fEihf uGjJ ym;ap&ef arxkeBf uD;[k BuD;[laom 0daooeyk'EiwuG jyefqxm;onf/ f S f S hf dk

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

225

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1-jycJaom arxkeBf uD;ESihf uGjJ ym;ap&ef arxkei,f[k jyefqxm;onf/ h f dk 2-0efcygvsuf .... ra&mufjim;aomfvnf; .... rom,mjim;aomfvnf; .... jyif;pGm &,f\ upm;\ ,k, H ajymqdk yrl\-[k pyfyg/ 3-vufonf;uGi;twGi;Sd ]]ud,vufxyg;}} [laom pum;udk ]]um,oHo*0aoe uDVwd f f k f d ud,vuf ES;aESmjcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh upm;\}} [laom #DumESihf tnD jyxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ xkoYkd jzpfvQif rdru k f D f d d awGYx&atmif aMumifMh uryyJ rmwk*g\ tawGUtxdukd om,m vufcaom yXr arxkei,fxuf 'kw, d H f d arxkei,fu om keYf &if;ouJoYkd S\? xdYk aMumifh um,oHo*0aoe-t&mwGif um,0dum& 0aoe-ud,\ f h d k f azmufjyefaom trlt&mjzifh usp,fupm;onf[k #DumSvQif oif&m\/ D d h

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1-]oDvjzif}h tpSonfwYdk ,r ed,r ponfukd aqmufwnfjcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh oDv rnf\? d f rvGeusL;jcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh 0w (usif0wf) rnf\? (aqmufwnfjcif;onf oDvrnf\? aqmufwnfxm;onfh f f h twdi; rvGeusL;jcif;onf 0w rnf\-[k qdv\)/ wenf;um; aqmufwnfjcif; rvGeusL;jcif; [laom 2-yg; k f f k kd f vH;onfvnf; oDvrnf\? yEdicaom tusi\ tpGr;tm;jzifh jzpfaptyfaom tusifonf 0wrnf\/ k k f J hf f h wenf;um; ryoifaom trI[k orkwtyfaom xdxkd trIrS qkwepfjcif; MuOfaSmifjcif; vuPmSaom h f k d f d tusifonf oDv rnf\? xdxkd aqmufwnfjcif; Saomol\ toGitjyifukd aqmifjcif; abmZOfEihf trIukd h k d f S yjcif; (0g? cJ,Of;pGm yjcif;) tpSaom xl;aom tusionf 0w rnf\/ cyfor;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifvnf; d hf d f h yEdicaom ('ku&p&d,m) tusionf cd;NcHaom tusihf (wy) rnf\/ arxkerS MuOfjcif;onf tusifjh rwf k f J hf f (jA[p&d,) rnf\/ (#Dum)

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1-okw vmaomenf;udk aS;pmrsufEmeHygwf 30- ]]ol<u,fwYdk oDvSaomolrm oDvESijhf ynfpkH f S d S h jcif;\ tusKd;wdkYonf ig;yg;wkdYaywnf;}} odYk ponfjzifh xkwjf ycJNh yD;aom a'oemrS jyefaomtm;jzifh odtyf\/

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1-yduqavQmfyq;uJoYkd -[laom pum;rS wdiatmifaom pum;&yfjzifh ]]yduqavQmfyq;onf tqif; k f H k kd h k f k f H k kd rvSouJoYkd if; Murf;wrf; tawGYq;ouJoYkd if; tzd;rwefouJoYkd if; xdYk twlyif 'kvonfvnf; tqif; h kd h k h D rvS? tawGYqdk;Sd\? tzd;rwef}}[k odap\/ k 2-]]olaoaumif zkwaom xif;ukvm;onf rdYmvnf; toH;r0if awmt&yfvnf; toH;r0if f G k k ouJoYkd }}[k qdv\/ xkoYkd toH;r0ifyukd oH,wt|uxm 'kw,wGJ ESm 278- atmufygtwdi; zGijhf yxm; h k dk d k kH k f d k f onf/ q0gvmw-xif;ukvm; [lonfum; q0[k ac:aom olaoaumifwYkdukd zkw&m (tvmw) f xif;rD;paywnf;? twdi;txGmtm;jzifh vuf 8-opf rQ Sd\? 2-zufaom tpGe;XmewkYd rD;avmifxm;\? k f f tv,f rpifjzifh vl;vJ ae\? xdxif;ponf xrf;yd;wH; xGew; tjcif acgiftyf ponfwYdk tusKd;iSg k k k f kH k xnf&ef jzpfEivQif rdYm opfom;udpukd NyD;ap&m\? v,fw opfom; tcif; anmifapmif; ponfwYdk h kd f G J tusKd;iSg xnf&efjzpfEivQif awmt&yf opfom;udpukd NyD;ap&m\? odkYaomf xdk 2-yg;aom tjcif;t&m h kd f tm;jzifvnf; rjzpfEiaomaMumifh ]]odYk rdYm opfom;udpukd rNyD;apEdi?f awm opfom; udpukd h dk f G k rNyD;apEdi}f }[k rdeYf qawmfravonf/ k kd l

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t|uxmtzGiukd axmufqMunfvQif q0gvmwyk'ukd ]wH;0g;} [k jyefjcif;onf oiftrxif/ hf h f hH

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1-oH;yg;aom oH0gowkYd [onfrm (1) twlwuG oHCuHukd yjcif; [laom {uur (2) twlwuG k l S ygwdarmufjyjcif; [laom {uka'o (3) oDvSaom &[ef;wdi;yif odumyk'[orQudk tnDtrQ usiftyfonf\ d k f f l h tjzpf[aom orodumwm-oH;yg;wkYd yifwnf;/ l k

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1-'kvyk*Kd vfwYkd \ .... qif;&Judk - [k pyfyg/ D 2-taMumif;Sdaom .... jzpfapEdkifaom .... qif;&Judk - [k pyfyg/

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1-vufonf;uGi; twGi;Saom pum;&yfrsm;onf t*uaEm yrokw&if;rS xkwaqmif jyaom f f d d f f pum;rsm; jzpfonf? 0do'r*fum; pmyd'rsm;udk razmfjyyJ >cif;csexm;onf/ k d k f f

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1-tMuif ol<u,f\ tdr atmufxpfq; tydi;tjcm;tm;jzifh uka#av;q,faom Opmudk jrKyfEHS f kH k f odr;qnf;xm;\? aeYpOf oH;aiG tjzpfjzifh usyfaiG ig;wif;xGu\? ol<u,fonf *[ywdr[momv rnf\/ f k f tMuifyPm;\ tdr atmufxpfq; tydi;tjcm;tm;jzifh uka#Spq,faom Opmudk jrKyfEHS odr;qnf;xm;\? k f kH k f f f aeYpOf oH;aiGtjzpfjzifh usyaiG q,fwif;xGu\? ykPm;onf jAm[P r[momv rnf\/ tMuifrif;\ tdr k f f f atmufxpfq; tydi;tjcm;tm;jzifh uka#w&maom Opmudk jrKyfEHS odr;qnf;xm;\? aeYpOf oH;aiGtjzpfjzifh usyaiG kH k f f k f wif;ESpq,fxu\? rif;onf cw,r[momv rnf\/ (oarm[0daem'eD ESm 502)/ xkYd jyif ('D | 2-178) f G f d ponfwYdk vnf; tvm;wltqdk Sao;\/ t&m r[momv ac: aoaX;wdUk udk jyqdjk cif;rSm y"meenf;rQ d omwnf;? pifppfaomfum; omref vl 'g,um 'g,dumrwkYd \ Sc;jcif;udvnf; ,ltyfonfomwnf;/ d kd k

rSwfcsuf
1-xkYd aMumifh .... odYk tpSaom qifjcifjcif;jzihf .... tjypfukd jrifjcif;udif; .... tusKd;udk jrifjcif;udif; d k k odtyf\-[k pyfyg/

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1-txufyg teufonf"D ZD0dwH tonw? w orPZea0o"m&d/ trP Oy[wH? cwrwmeH 0[E/ [laom *gxm ]]Oy[wH cwH}}[laom yk'wUkd udk twmeH-yk'\ 0daooe tjzpfjzif, jyefqtyfaom f f h l kd teufjzpfonf/ xkoYkd jyefqoifjh cif;\ taMumif;rSm d dk ]]cwm,H bdua0 &mZm-&[ef;wdYk tZmwowfrif;onf (r*fzva&mufaMumif; ukovrvudk kd f kd f l wl;zdaomtm;jzifh olu,wiyif) wl;zdtyfNyD; jzpfacs\? Oy[wm,H bdua0 &mZm-&[ef;wdYk tZmwowf kd f kd f rif;onf (olu,wiyif) ESypuf zsuq;tyfNyD; jzpfacs\}} [laom ('D 3-81) omrnzvokwf ygVdawmf kd f dk f d f f D uJoYkd if;? cwH Oy[wH twmeH y&d[&wd - wl;zdtyf zsufq;tyfNyD;aom ud,ukd aqmif\ (tH 1-88-103) h D k f

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

227

[laom t*Fw&ygVdawmfwYdk uJoYkd if; jzpfoifaomaMumifh aywnf;/ xkd yk'wYdk jzifh qdvonfrm orm"dynm k h h f k kd S ukovwYdk \ rlvtajctjrpfjzpfaom oDvudk wl;zdvuojzifh xdk 'kv\ tw[aom twabmudvnf; kd f kd f D l k wl;zdNyD;jzpf\? oDvudk ESypufzsufq;vduojzif?h 0g? owfvuojzifh xd'v\ tw[aom twabm d f D k f kd f k k D l udvnf; ESypuf zsufq;tyfNyD; owftyfNyD; jzpf\? xdoYkd tajctjrpfukd wl;zdtyfNyD; ESypufzsufq;tyf k d f D k d f D owftyfNyD;jzpfaom cEmud,twabmudk ypkapmifaSmufaeaom xd'v\ toufiaejcif;onf k f h k k D S f pufqyz,f aumif;vSonf-[k qdv\/ k f G k kd jynfrl 0do'r*f ed,rl Oy[wH cwH - [laom xdy'wYdk ukd ZD0w-[laom yk'\ 0daooe tjzpfjzifh k d k k f d H f teufa,mZemxm;av\? xdk tvdtm;jzifh atmufygtwdi; jzpfonf/ k k f ud,EwEv;udk rapmifpnf;aom &[ef;aumif; r[kwygyJvsuf &[ef;aumif; yk*Kd vftaygif;\ toGiukd k f I f S kH h f f aqmifvsuf rdrd twabmudk (arG;jrLvsuf) aqmifaom xd'v\ (oDvAsoejzif) ESypuftyfaom k k D h d f (ukovrvudk wl;zdojzifh rdruyif) wl;zdwwfaom ? 0g? (*kPaus;Zl; taygif;[laom ud,) wl;zdaTz kd f l d dk f k f hJ &tyfaom toufarG;jcif;onf pufqyf Gmtyfp?G 0g? toufarG;jcif;tm; pufqymjcif; jzpfygapownf;/ k H S k f HG S

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1-qdcNhJ yD;onfrm jyefaomtm;jzifh-[lonfum; oDv ysup;jcif;t&m qdcNhJ yD;aom tjcif;t&m\ k S f D k qefYusizuftm;jzif?h 0g? ajymif;jyeftm;jzifh ]]oDvESihf jynfpaom yk*Kd vfonf oDvjynfpjkH cif; [laom f h kH h taMumif;aMumifh ewfvwYkd\ ESv;udk yGg;apwwf ESpoufjrwfE;tyfonf omvQifwnf;}} odYk tpSonfjzifh l kH f kd d (od&rnf[k qkv\)/ (#Dum) d kd

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1-t&m *aEm oDeH pd&'duwmeH - tpcsDaom *gxmudk csJYjy&rnf[k #Dum qd\? xd*gxmonf d k k pwmvDoedygwf o&b*FZmwf S\? xdZmwf bk&m;tavmif;awmf o&b*F&aoh tr;Saom &aohrsm;xHoYkd d k d odMum;rif;u vma&mufqnf;uyf&m0,f &aohwYdk \ avatmuft&yf wnfaeojzifh &aohwYkd \ ud,rxuaom k f S G f teHYq;rsm; reHap&ef tjcm;ae&modYk aTYaebdYk vufaxmuf wynf&aohu ajym\/ xdtcg odMum;rif;u kd h k Mumjrifpmu &aoh &[ef;ycJMh uaom (oDvESihf jynfpo) &aohwYdk\ ud,rS teHonf tuREkyxoYkd h G h kH l k f f f H vmygap? xdteYukd tuREkywUdk u arT;udiaom yef;,eHYuoYkd yif tvdMdS uygonf? oDvSaom olwYdk \ xdu,f k H f f f hJ k d k kd teHY ewfwYdk u pufqyz,f rxifrwyguke[k jyefMum;ajymqdavonf/ k f G S f f k

rSwfcsuf
1- ]]0dbm0a,-xifpmjy&m\}} [lonfrm olwyg;tm; jy&ef r[kway? rdrpwxJ Pfx xifm; G S f d d f J S ay:ap&m\-xifm;ay:atmif ESv;oGi;qifjcif&m\-[lom qdvayonf? xdoYkd ,lrS jyvwHaom tjcm;rJh S kH f k kd k h 0gust& tusKd;ay:vmEdiayrnf/ k f

rSwfcsuf
1-qdktyfcJhwdkif;aom .... tjypfudkif; .... tusKd;udkif;-[k pyfyg/ qdvonfrm aS; qdtyfchJ k kd S k orQaom oDvysujf cif;\ tjypfEihf oDvjynfpjkH cif;\ tusKd;udk Munfajrmjf rif oDvudk jzLpifap&rnf pifMu,f S h h I ap&rnf[k qdv\/ k kd

rSwfcsuf
1-,cktcg ..... "kwifqi&m pum;udk (jy&ef) tm;xkwuethH - [k pyfyg/ dk f f k f

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

228

2-*kPaus;Zl;wkYd aMumifh .... NyD;pD;\-[k pyfyg/ f 3-jynfpapjcif;iSg .... "kwif aqmufwnfjcif;udk yoif\-[k pyfyg/ h kH h 4-yoif\/ xdk (odYk "wif aqmufwnfjcif;udk yoifaom)aMumif-[k pyfyg/ h k h h 5-xka,m*D &[ef;\ .... oDvonfvnf; tvGepifMu,fonf jzpfayvwH?h "kwiftusifwYkd onfvnf; d f h jynfpMkH uayvwH-[k pyfyg/ h h

rSwfcsuf
1-teufonf ayg&maP-[k SaomygXfEihf ,if;\tzGi#um tm;avsmfpm jyeftyfaom teuf d S hf D G jzpfonf? xdt&qdvQif y-'k-w t&d,0Horsm;omvQif ayg&mP jzpf pwkw t&d,0Hoonf ayg&mP rjzpf k k ouJhodkY Sd\/ xdYk aMumifh ayg&maP t&m yk&ar-[k rlvygXf&if; Soifonfxif\? xkokdY ygXfSdvQif aS;jzpfaom d d h d t&d,0Ho tusiho;yg; taygif;-[laom pum;ESihf 4-ckajrmufjzpfaom t&d,0Ho-[laom pum;onf aS;aemuf f kH nDwvsuf Say\/ G f d

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1-jrefrmjyef odYk aom ygVdtrnf&if;rsm;udk xkwjf yjcif;rSm aemuf jyvwHaom tzGipum;ESihf h hf wduqiMf unf&ef jzpfonf/ k f dk h

rSwfcsuf
1-yHo-ajrrIeYf -zHreYf +ulv-jrpfurf;ozG,f jrifwufonf = yHouv-ajrrIeYf ay: jrifwufaeaom k k I h k l h t0wfouFe;/ f 2-yHo-arrIeYf uoYkd + k hJ pufqyz,tjzpf a&mufaom k f G f *pw-[k xyf zGijhf yxm;\? d odYk aom csefxm;csufrsm;udk teufum; rSd/ uk-pufqyz,f tjzpfoYdk + Ov - a&mufonf = yHouv - ajrrIeYf uoYkd k f G k l hJ t0wfouFef;/ 0gus\ tjcm;rJ Ovwd-a&mufonf - [laom teufukd h xktzGirm jrefrmjyef tusK;rSaomaMumifh rjyyJ csexm;onf? aemufvnf; d hf S d d f enf;wlyifrwyg/ yHouv - ajrrIeYf tvdr;vdr;uyfaom ouFe;-[laom S f k l f f f

3-yHouv "m&P - [k qdvvsuf "m&P - yk'ukd acsxm;onf? yHouv-yk'jf zifyif yhoulouFe;udk k l k kd f k l h H f aqmifjcif; (0wfjHk cif;) [laom teufukd a[monf[k qdv\/ k dk

rSwfcsuf
1-yHouv-yHoulukd aqmifjcif; + u-tavhaom &[ef; = yHouvu - yHoulukd aqmifjcif; k l h dS k l d h tavhaom &[ef;/ 0gus yHoulouFe;udk aqmifjcif;tavhaom &[ef;onf yHouvu rnf\ - [k dS h f dS k l d jyefvQif jrefrmpum;omacsm\? odYk aomfvnf; ]]wH oDvrmwd}}[laom 0pew\ bmomjyef jzpfaomaMumifh xdr&if;ESihf eD;pyfap&ef txufygtwki; jyefxm;jcif; jzpfayonf? aemufvnf; enf;wlyif/ k l d f 2-yHouvu-yHoul ouFe;udk aqmifavhaom &[ef;\ + t*F-taMumif;t*Fg = yHouvu*F k l d h f dS k l d yHoulouFe;udk aqmifavhaom &[ef;\ taMumif;t*Fg/ xdkt*Fg\ t&udk aemuf quf jyoGm;onf/ aemuf h f dS "kwifwYdk vnf; yk'teufcyukd enf;wlyif odyg/ f JG kH 3-wdp0&-ouFe;oH;xnfukd aqmifjcif;+u-tavhonf = awpD0&du-ouFe;oH;xnfukd aqmifavh D f k dS f k Saom &[ef;/ awpD0&du + t*F=awpD0&du*F-ouFe;oH;xnfukd aqmifavhaom &[ef;\ taMumif;t*Fg/ d f k dS

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

229

rSwfcsuf
1-yd@ygw-awmif;cHtyfaom wvkywcJ qGr;wkYd \usjcif;ud+u-Smaomol = yd@ygwdu-wvkyf f f k wcJqr;wkYd usjcif;udk Smaomol/ wenf; yd@-qGrf;tvdkYiSg + ygw-vSnfhvnf&ef + -usif0wfaomol = G f h dS yd@ygwD-qGr;tvdYk ig vSnvnf&ef usif0wfo?l 0g-qGr;cHusif0wfo/ xdy'onfyif u-tu&mESiwuG f S fh h dS f h dS l k k f hf yd@ygwdu jzpfvmaMumif; qufjy\/

rSwfcsuf
1-wxdiwnf; pm;jcif;[laompum;udk a,bk,senf;[k ,l&m\? taMumif;rlum; rxdiEiaom k f k f kd f *dvmetm; wae&mwnf; avsmif;vsuf &yfvsuf pm;jcif;udvnf; ,loifaomaMumifh aywnf;/ k h 2-{umoedu - wxdiwnf; pm;avho\ + t*F-taMumif;t*Fg = {umoedu*F - wxdiwnf; k f dS l k f pm;avh Sdol\ taMumif;t*Fg/ 3-ywy@ - wcGuwnf; qGr;udk pm;jcif; + u - tavhonf = ywy@u - wcGuwnf; d f f dS d d f qGr;udpm;avho/ ywy@u + t*F = ywy@u*F - wcGuwnf; qGr;udk pm;avho\ taMumif;t*Fg/ f k dS l d d d d f f dS l

rSwfcsuf
1-(1) Mo'e-xrif;-qGr;? (2) ukrmo-*sKHYr?kH (3) owK-avSmtyfNyD;aom *sKHreYf qefreYf ? (4) rp-ig;? f f I I (5) rHo-tom;[laom abmZOf ig;yg;wGif wyg;yg;udk pm;aeqJ &[ef;onf tjcm; &[ef;Sivu vufvr; f l S f ay;aom abmZOfwckcukd wefNyD[k jrpfy,frvQif y0g&dwf oif\? xdoYkdaom &[ef;rSm[k qdv\/ k d h k k kd 2-ypm-y0g&dwf oifNh yD;onfrS aemuf+bw - &aomqGr; = ypm-ow-y0g&dwoifNh yD;onfrS aemuf f f &aomqGr;/ um; xdoYkdaom qGr;udk pm;jcif;onf ypmbwrnf\/ ypmbw-y0g&dwoifNh yD;rS aemuf& f k f f qGr;udk pm;jcif; + u - tavhol = ypmbwu - y0g&dwoifNh yD;rS aemuf&qGr;udk pm;avhSdol/ f dS d f f 3-cvk-r-r[kw+ypmbwu - y0g&dwoifNh yD;rS aemuf&qGr;udk pm;avho=cvkypmbwu - y0g&dwf f d f f dS l d oifNh yD;rS aemuf&qGr;udk pm;avhol r[kw?f 0g-aemuf&qGr;udk pm;avhrSaomol? 0g-aemuf&qGr;udk f dS f d f rpm;aomol/

rSwfcsuf
1-taAmumo - trdk;rSdaom [if;vif;jyif t&ifaejcif; + u-tavhSdol + t*F - taMumif; t*Fg = taAumodu*F - [if;vif;jyif aeavho\ taMumif;t*Fg/ dS l 2-okome - okomefaejcif;+u - tavhSdol+t*F - taMumif;t*Fg = aomomedu*F - okomef aeavhSdol\ taMumif;t*Fg/

rSwfcsuf
1-ponfwdkYonf .... jzpfMuayonf? xkYd aMumifh "kw*Frnfue\ ponfjzifh pyfyg/ k f 2-orm'gaee-yk'\ teufjzpfonf? t&m jynfre,rSmvnf; aqmufwnfjcif;jzif-[k f l d h abmteufyif jyefonf? aqmufwnfaMumif; apwemjzif-[k ukP;teuf rjyef? tcsufukd txl;owd h d f ytyf\/

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

230

rSwfcsuf
1-"kw-udavomudk cgxkwf zsufq;wwfaomPf + t*F - aSYom; taMumif;Sonf = "kw*F - Pf D G d aSYom; taMumif;Saom aqmufwnfjcif;/ t&m #Dum atmufygtwdi; zGijhf y\/ G d k f ]]Pfonf yHoul"wif aqmufwnfjcif; ponfwYdk \ taMumif;t*Fgaywnf;}} [laom 0pewjzifh h k xdk yHoul"wifponfwYdk ukd aqmufwnfjcif;\ PfaSYoGm;Sdonf\ tjzpfukd xifpmjyawmfr\/ (#Dum) h k G l 2-y#dyw,m-[lonfum; oDvpaom aumif;jrwfaom tusihf y#dywf\-[k #Dum zGijhf yxm;aom d aMumifh (oDvpaom)[k 0daooe jznfpw jyefonf/ h G f 3-aqmufwnfaMumif; jzpfaomaMumifh orm'gernf\? aqmufwnfaMumif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh jzpfaom f apwemudk &\-[laom #DumtzGiEitnD aqmufwnfaMumif;jzpfaom apwem[k jyefonf/ odYk aomf hf S hf jyvwHaom t|uxmESihf ES;aESm&ef vdao;\/ h D k

rSwfcsuf
1-aS;tjcm;rJrwcsuf jycJaom #DumtzGiEitnD t&mvnf; aqmufwnfaMumif; [lyif h S f h hf S fh jyefonf/ jyefcsufonf or,ww&m;wdYk ukd aqmufwnfaMumif; ukP;[kqaom pum;ESihf xyfaeouJoYkd k f d f kd h Sd\? xdYk aMumifh aqmufwnfaom uwm;t& yk*Kd vf[if;? aqmufwnfaMumif; ukP;t& or,ww&m;wkYd l d f k f [lif; qdaompum;ESihf rxyfap&ef t&m orm'ge-yk'ukd bm0om"ey aqmufwnfjcif; Bud,mjzpfaom k f apwem[k,vQif oifouJoYkd S\? om"uygXf orm'geudk aqmufwnfjcif; Bud,m[k ,lvQif om"sjzpfaom l h h d orm'ge apwemvuPed-[laom ygXfvnf; aqmufwnfjcif; apwemvQifrwaMumif; vuPmSue\-[k S f d k f jyef&m\/ xkYd jyif t&m aqmufwnfrI apwemudom "kwif\ t& aumuf jyaomfvnf; usifaqmifaom k h apwemonfvnf; "kwifrnfao;onfomwnf;/ xkYd aMumifh #Dum ]]orm'ge apwemudom "kwif[k ,ljcif;onf k xdapwemvQif t&if;cH Sjd cif;aMumifaywnf;? (odYk aomf) aqmufwnfxm;onftwdi; usiaqmifaom apwem k h h k f hf onfvnf; "kwifrnfao;onfomwnf;}}[k jyqdxm;ayonf/ k

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1- vky vky-rS avmvky jzpfvmonf[k ,l #DumtzGiEihf tnD ]]ukovb@mudk vGepm vk,uf hf S kd f f G wwfaom wPSm}}[k teufazmfxm;onf? odYk aomf teufjzifh wPSm\ rufarmjcif; oabmudk ray:apyJ S\/ d xkYd aMumifh vkb vkb-rS avmvkb jzpfNyD;vQif xdrwzef avmvky jzpfvmonf[,vQif om oif&m\? tvGef k S k l h rufarmwwfaom wPSm[k teuf azmf&m\/ 2-#Dum y&do'ovm'do'ry'|memed-[k zGijhf yxm;aomaMumifh (oDvpaom)[k azmfvsujf yefxm;onf/ k D odYk aomf ,ckvufdS 0do'r*fpmud,um; typwm'dt&d,"ry'|meed-[k Sd\ xdygXft&tm;jzifh ]]tvdenf; k d k f d k k onf\tjzpf tpSaom pifMu,faom w&m;vQif eD;aom taMumif; Sue\}}[k jyef&m\/ jynfrl 0do'r*f d d k f k d ed, #DumtzGiEihf rnDaomaMumifh typwm'd-ykonf[k qk\/ odYk aomf oDvESihf jynfpaomfvnf; typwm hf S d d d h kH d ponfEihf rjynfpvQif "kwifusif0wfukd usifEirnf r[kwaomaMumifh ,ck vufjdS zpfaom typwm'd-yk'f S h kH h h kd f f d udvnf; tav;yoif\/ k h

rSwfcsuf
1-(bk&m;xHomvQif aqmufwnftyf\ - [laom) pum;udk tMum;umv rjywfjcif; rysujf cif; tusKd;iSg qdtyfayonf? (Oyrm) rif;udr toufarG;aomolonf rif;xH 0efcxm;aom udpukd {uefrcRw,i; k k DS H f G f apouJoYkd yifwnf;/ <uif;aom yk*Kd vfrsm;xH aqmufwnf&mvnf; enf;yifwnf;/ (#Dum) h

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

231

2-t|uxm q&m\ (xH) [lonfum; tMuifq&mtm; t|uxm tpOfonfomvQif aus>yef\? xdk q&m\ (xH[k qdv\)/ (#Dum) k kd

rSwfcsuf
1-aemifawmfrax&f\ "kwifaqmif*PEipyf tvdenf;jcif;\ 0wK-[lonfum; xdaemifawmf rax&f k f S hf k k onf edoZ"wifaqmifowwf? xdk rax&f\ xdk "kwifaqmifjcif;udk wpHwa,mufrQ rodowwf? xktcg waeY d k k d o nOftcg tdy&mtif;ysOf xdiaeonfukd vQyfppfa&mifjzifh nDrax&fu jrif ]]tSib&m; tSiwYkd onf edoZd h f k f f k f "kwif aqmifMuygovm;}}[k ar;av\/ xkd aemifawmfrax&fonf "kwifaqmif*PEihf pyf tvdenf;jcif;aMumifh k f S k (0g? "kwifaqmifonfukd rodapvdaomaMumif) xdcPyifvQif vJavsmif;NyD;vQif aemufumv aqmufwnf k h k jyefavonf[k odYk vmaom 0wKaywnf;/ (#Dum) r-| 2? 46? tH-| 1? 59-wdYk atmufygtwdi; 0wKudk awGY&\/ k f apwd,awmif nDaemifrax&f 2-yg;wdYk onf oDwif;oH;aeMuavonf? (waeYaomtcg) nD rax&fonf k tvkytauR; 'umu ydYk vuaom BuHyi;wkUd udk ,lvmNyD;vQif aemifawmfxom; ]]oH;aqmifjcif;udk yygukef f kd f kd f H G k bk&m;}}[k avQmufav\/ aemifawmfrax&frm qGr;pm;NyD; EIwcwi; aq;aeaomtcg jzpf\? xdaemifawmf S f f H G f k rax&fonf ]]ighSifwefNyD tvdkrSdyg}}[k qdk\/ ]]todYk enf; tSib&m; {umoeduf "kwifaqmifMuygovm;}}[k f k ar;\/ (xdktcg) ]]BuHydkif;rsm;udk ,lcJhyg ighSif}}[k qdkNyD;vQif tESpig;q,fywfv; {umoeduf "kwifaqmifvmonf f kH jzpfygvsuf "kwifukd vQKdY0uvaomaMumifh (BuHyi;rsm;ud) oH;aqmif cHwi;udk aq;NyD;vQif wzef "kwifukd S f kd kd f k k G f aqmufwnf oGm;av\/

rSwfcsuf
1-*[ywd'gepD0&H-[laom ygXf vo\ tjzpfjzifh ouFe;vaom &[ef;wkYd onfvnf; OuXyoul l f f hH aqmif yk*Kd vfrm *[ywd-tdrif 'umtzdYk oYkd 0ifMuonf[k rSwtyf\/ ]]&[ef; aumuf,lvdrfhrnf}}[k &nf S hf S f ypfxm;aom t0wfonf *[ywdp0&-tdrfhSif'um\ ouFe;jzpfEi\? odYk aomf *[ywd'gepD0&-tdrif 'umu D f kd f hf S vaomouFe;um; rjzpfay? xdYk aMumifh xdoYkdaom (ry,fy) >cif;csexm;&eftwGuf (*[ywd-[lom rqdy) f k J f k J *[ywd'ge-[k 'geudkyg xnfh qdkayonf/ 2-ygVdoufoufjzifvnf; aqmufwnftyf\? jrefrmoufoufjzifvnf; aqmufwnftyf\? ygVdjrefrm h h 2-rsKd;vH;jzifvnf; aqmufwnftyf\/ ygVdjzifh aqmufwnfvvQif *[ywd'gepD0&H y#duygrd-[laom pum; k h kd d jzifvnf; aqmufwnftyf\? yHouvu* orm'd,mrd-[laom pum;jzifvnf; aqmufwnftyf\? xdk pum; h k l d h 2-&yfv;jzifvnf; aqmufwnftyf\/ jrefrmjzifh aqmufwnfvQivnf; enf;wlyif/ wBudrrQ qdjk cif;jzifvnf; kH h f f h aqmufwnfjcif; udpN yD;\? odYk aomf av;eufap&ef oH;Budrq aqmufwnftyf\/ aemuf"wifwYdk ukd k f dk k aqmufwnf&mvnf; enf;wlyif/

rSwfcsuf
1-oHCuouFe; tvc&vmaom trsm;qdiouFe;wkYd rS a0yHus&vmaom ouFe;onf yHoul 23-rsKd; d f H k f f k f h wGif 17-ckajrmuf orPpD0&vnf;r[kw?f tjcm; 22-rsKd;vnf; r[kwaomaMumifh yHoulrjzpf[k qkv\/ f h d kd 2-yHoulaqmif&[ef;wkYd tm; 0gpOfjzifh cH,&ef vaomaMumifh 0gpOfjzifh cH,&aom ouFe;[k qkv\/ h l l f d kd 3-ausmif;ae &[ef;wdYk tm; vxm;aom ouFe;rS a0yHus&aom ouFe;[k qdv\/ f k f k kd

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

232

rSwfcsuf
1-yHoulaqmif &[ef;wkYd tm; 0gpOfjzifh r,lapyJ oD;oefY yk*vu taejzifh vaomouFe;? odYk r[kwf h d f yHoulaqmif&[ef;wkYd OD;&myk*Kd vfaumuf,&ef vaomouFe;[k qdv\/ h l f k kd 2-rdr0gpOfjzifh ,lNyD;vQif - [laom pum;jzifh ]]oHCurSjzpfap *PdurSjzpfap rdrtwGuf a0yHus &aom d d d k ouFe;}}[k odap\? oD;oefYy*vutjzpfjzifh &vmaomouFe;ukvnf; ,ltyf\/ xdouFe;rsKd;udk ydii&[ef;u f k d f d k f k f S f yHoulaqmif&[ef;\ ajc&if; csxm;jzpfap? vufx xnfjzpfap vvQif orPpD0& ac: 17-ckajrmuf h J h yHoulouFe;jzpfonf[k qdv\/ h f k kd

rSwfcsuf
1- yXrteufonf aomomedua,0-[laom ygXfukd S&if;twdi; twdtus jyeftyfaom teuf H d k f jzpfonf? xdtvdtm;jzifh yHoulXme 23-yg; S&mwGif okomefwpfXmewnf;u ouFe;udk oH;aqmifromvQif k k h d f k S Ou| jzpfonf? usef 22-XmerS ouFe;udk oH;aqmifvQif Ou| rjzpf[k rvdtyfaom teuf usa&muf\/ f k k xdYk aMumifh xkaomomedua,0 - t&m aomomedum'dua,0 - [k rlv&if;ygXf Soifh onf[k ,lqNyD;vQif d H H d 0g-wenf;teuf xyfjyefonf/ jynfrl 0do'r*fe,um; {0o'gudk orkpn; teuf[k qd\? oiftrxif/ k d d f k h hH

rSwfcsuf
1-t&m0,f 0do'r*f ,ckvufpmud,tcsKdY cE,myk'f vdae\/ odYk aomf #Dum cE,mwd k d dS k f d k d edZmeuE,m-[k zGijhf yxm;aomaMumifh xdy'rcsyif S&rnf/ rdrtvdoufoufjzifh vufcvQifjzpfap? 'g,um d k k f k d d k H wdYk ukd iJojzifh oH;aqmif&ef vufcvQijf zpfap xkom,mvufcaom cP yHoul"wif ysuonf[k qdv\/ h k H d H h k f k kd rdro;aqmif&ef r&nf,yJ 'g,umwkYd ukd iJojzifh olwyg;tm; wqifv&ef&nf vufcvQif "kwifrysuf[k d kH G f h h H plV#DumqdaMumif; jynfrl 0do'r*fe, xkwjf yxm;\/ k k d d

rSwfcsuf
1-bk&m;jzpfawmfr yXr0guRwfNyD;onfaemuf Oka0vawmfoYkd <u Oka0vuytr;Saom &aoh l h d wkYd ukd wefc;trsKd;rsKd;jy cRwfawmfrpOftcg ykPrnfaom uRefr\ tavmif;udk &pfywfcH okomef pGeYf ypf kd l Hk xm;aom t0wfukd yHoulaumuf oH;aqmifawmfronf? xdk yHoulouFe;udk &nf qdonf/ h k l h f k

rSwfcsuf
1-av;xnfajrmufouFe;udk - [lonfum; 0wfjcif; kjH cif;iSg avsmufywfaom 4-xnfajrmuf ouFe;udk f f [k qdv\/ taMumif;rlum; tHoud#ouFe;udk ry,ftyfaomaMumifaywnf;/ (#Dum) k kd k f f h

rSwfcsuf
1- 0do'r*frm w0guswnf; jzpfaomfvnf; odv,ap&ef 2-0guscG jyefxm;onf/ k d S G f J

rSwfcsuf
1-tHoud#onf y&dum&apmVaywnf;? odYk jzpf tdy&mvTr; tdy&mcif;ESihf tHoud#[aom 2-xnf k f f f f k f l wkYd onf ouFe;oH;xnfrm tydtvGef ouFe;t&m wnfueaomfvnf; "kwifysujf cif;udk rywwfue[k f k S k f k f k f t|uxm qdaMumif; q&mwdYk qdue\/ (#Dum) k k k f

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

233

2-teHtm;jzifh wxGm - [laompum;onf t"d|mefravmufaom teHyrmPudk jyaompum; aywnf;/ pum;jzifh ]]t"d|mefwifavmufaom teHrS ,kwavsmhvQif tyfonf}}[k odaptyf\/ oH;awmifomvQif [laom f k yk'onfum; uk, toD;tjcm;&pfywfEiavmufaom yrmPudk jyaom pum;wnf;? xdYk aMumifh xdo;awmifxuf f d f dk f k kH tenf;i,f ydveaomfvnf; t"d|mefavmufonf\tjzpf rSjd cif;aMumifh qefYusifjcif; rSonfomwnf;/ (jynfrl k G f d 0do'r*fe, jyxm;aom plV#Dum) k d d

rSwfcsuf
1-&[ef;tm; .... jynfhpHkukef\-[k pyfyg/ 2-'D 1? 67-omrnzvokwponfwYdk oywbma&m0 a!wd-[laom pum;uJoYkd vnf; f h oywbma&m-[k Soifonf[k ,lq jyeftyfaom teufjzpfonf/ d h

rSwfcsuf
1-yk'\ 0pewukd jy&m 0w-usif0wfonf[k txl;jycJaomfvnf; tjcm;yk'rsm;ESitwl wrsKd; f h dS h f hf wnf; rSw,v,ap&ef yk'vnf; tavhaom [lyif jyefxm;onf/ f l G f f dS

rSwfcsuf
1- tpSd-[laompum;jzifh Oa'obwfponfukd odr;,l\/ (#Dum) f

rSwfcsuf
1- aqmifc vaomqGr; - [lonfrm "kwifaqmif&[ef;xHrS oydwukd r,lyJ tdrrS xnfp&mcGuf hJ f S f f h ponfjzifh xnf ,lvmNyD;vQif vaomqGr;udk qkonf/ t&m #DumwGif ywH *a[wGm - [k SaomygXfrm h f d d S roif?h ywH t*a[wGm - [k SrS oifonf/ taMumif;rlum; "kwifaqmif &[ef;onf qGr;cHa&mufqJ tdrom d h f f oydwukd vufrS vTw\? vGecaom aemuftrf ra&mufao;onfh aSYtrrsm; odYk yif oydwukd rvTway;aom f f f hJ d d f f f aMumifaywnf;/ oy'gepm&du"kwift&m om xifm;vth/ h S H

rSwfcsuf
1-a&mifh&Jaom ..... toufarG;jcif;Sdaom .... &[ef;onf-[k pyfyg/ 2-0daooeyk'wYdk ukd &[ef;tm;-[laom yk'Eihf pyfyg/ f f S 3-&[ef;tm; .... cspfjrwfE;ukeao;\-[k pyfyg/ kd f

rSwfcsuf
1-qGr;pm;aeqJ &[ef;onf x q&mOyZm,fwYkdtm; 0wfyvQif pm;qJjzpfaomaMumifh qGr;abmZOf f f uvnf; "kwifrysuatmif rapmif?h ae&mrSxaomaMumifh ae&muvnf; rapmif?h xdYk aMumifh wzef rpm;tyf? f pm;vQif "kwifysuonf[k qdv\/ f k kd

rSwfcsuf
1-jzpfaom .... wxdiwnf;pm;jcif; - [k pyfyg/ k f 2-acgif;yg;apwwfaom .... tusifh - [k pyfyg/

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

234

rSwfcsuf
1-*PSaEe-yk'\ qkvtyfaom teufjzpfonf/ o'geuftm;jzifqvQif cH,aomolonf? 0g 0 cH,l f d dk h kd l vwfaomf? 0g-cH,pOf - [l jzpf\/ l 2-wcGupmrQuomvQif cH,onf-[k ESv;oGi;um rsm;pGmudk cH,Nl yD;vQif (tydtusefu) rpGeYf ypftyf f kd l kH f k kd rysufp;aptyf/ (#Dum) D

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1- (2-ckajrmufcu xnf) [laom vufonf;uGi;twGi;Sd pum;rsm;onf jynfrl 0do'r*f G f h f f k d ed, jyxm;aompum;rsm; jzpfonf? xdtvdtm;jzifh pm;cGuomr[kw?f trIuxnf&efcuvnf; tydrSdap&[k k k f d f h G f k qdv\/ xdoYkd jzpfvQif axG;cHuvnf; qGr;pm;&m rxm;tyfouJoYkd S\/ t|uxm qdvonfrm odYk k kd k kd f h d k kd S aomfvnf; jzpf&m\? BuHpwaom tcg rpkwrD BuHtcGersm;udk cGg pGeYf ypfaumif;\? xdrwyg;qdvQif oydwf k f f f k S k xJrS trIuuvnf; apmapmu aumufrypftyf? yg;pyfxa&mufrS xkwypf&rnf-[k qdv[ef\? odYk d f kd J f k kd dS raG;cs,fyJ pm;vQif xdxkd aumif;Ed;&m&m jzpfaom &owPSmudk y,fEijf cif;tusKd; S\? xdtusKd;twGuf k k kd d k jyqd[ef Sayonf/ k d 2-vnf; (zJ) [laomteufrm jynfq&mawmf\ teufaywnf;/ xkoYkd jzpfvQif BuD;rm;aom xrif;cJ h S d tom;wH;ponfuvnf; rzJyJ wcgwnf; pm;&rnfuoYkd S\/ vnf; t|uxmq&m qdvonfrm xrif;cJ k kd h hJ d k kd S ig; trJ rHYk wYkd ukd toD;toD; cGxm; toD;toD; wckpD cGxwum t&momcH rpm;tyf? tukev; a&marT J J k f f kH rcGjJ cm;yJ pm;&rnf[k qdv[ef Sayonf/ k kd d

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1-um; oydwx SorQudk vufjzifh toD;toD; cJjG cm;if;? oGm;jzifh uduz cGoif&m oGm;jzifh f J d k f hJ J h uduzcjJG cm;if; pm;tyfonf-pm;Edionf-[k qdv\/ k f hJ k f k kd

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1-y0g&dwoifaom omref&[ef;onf tjcm;&d,mykx abmZOfukd wzefpm;vdvQif xdabmZOfukd f h f k k 0denf;wwfaom &[ef;xHaqmif ]]twd&wH ua&mx baE-pm;<uif;yay;ygukef tSib&m;wkYd }}[k qd&\/ xdk d f k k &[ef;u tenf;i,f, pm;NyD;vQif ]]tvarwH oA-tvHpukd wefNyD}}[k qd pm;<uif;yay;&\? xdpm;<uif; l H k kH k k yNyD; abmZOfukd y0g&dwoifaom xdk &[ef;pm;tyf\/ "kwifaqmif &[ef;onfum; xduoYkd pm;<uif;yap f h k hJ rpm;tyf-[k qdv\/ k kd 2-OuXy*Kd vfonf .... y0g&dwoifNh yD;vwfaomf yXrqGr;vkyukd rsKdNyD;vQif 'kw,qGr;vkyukd rpm;awmh f k f f f d f f ay-[k pyfyg/

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1-tyfatmifyap[laom 0daooejzifh "kwifaqmify*Kd vftm;avsmfpm 0denf; kaojcif;Sdonfukd k G d jy\/ tyfatmif twd&w0enf;uHryyJ pm;vQifrl "kwifysufrQru tmywfvnf;oif\/ d f d Hk h 2-csD;rGrf;tyfaom .... cvkypmbwf"kwifukd[k pyfyg/

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1-vuPmukd .... us&mt&yf\ twGif;buf[l .... rdefYqkdqkH;jzwfukef\[k pyfyg/

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

235

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1-awmausmif;ukd .... wki;wm yki;jcm;rSwom;tyf\[k pyfyg/ d f d f f

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1- yrmP[laom pum;onf avmuDusr;q&mwkYd tav;tjrwfyaompum;jzpfonf? rSeay\? f f Esmousr; rSepm odjrifq;jzwfEijf cif;\ taMumif;jzpfaom yrmPukd (1) ypu-rsujf rifu,awGU jzpfjcif;? f f G Hk dk dk f (2) tEkrw-tEkrme-rsujf rifEihf Edi;qjcif;? (3) Oyrme-ykwl Oyrm? (4) o'-ckivaom usrf;*eftqkd paom d d S I f H d f Hk pum;-[l 4-yg;jyqkdxm;avonf? t&m xkdav;yg;wGif pwkw 4-eHygwft& ckivaom usrf;&efpum;[k d f Hk qkv\/ d dk

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1-OuXtm; Owko;yg;vk;? rZKHtm; aqmif;ESihf aEG Owk 2-yg;? rk'tm; aEGOwk wyg;[laom jycJaom f Hk H k h umv-[k qkv\/ d dk 2-"r0eH-yk'\ teufjzpf w&m;emyG-[k o'geuf jyefonf? ,ckumv tac:tm;jzifrl w&m;yG-[k f J h J qk&ayrnf? xkw&m;yG a[maomw&m;ukd emaewke; tkPwufom;aomfvnf; "kwifrysuf-[k qkd vk\/ d d J f f G d

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1-0daooeyk'rsm;ukd &[ef;onf-[laom 0daoosyk'Eihf pyfyg/ f f S

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1-wGif 0do'r*f *gxmwyk'f qk;aomaMumifh wkuqiMf unforsm;tm; Si;vif;ap&ef jzwfxm;onf? k d H d f dk h l f okYd aomf 0gusum; rqk;ao;/ xkYd aMumifh &[ef;onfomvQif .... pGr;Ekiay\-[k aemuftyk' pyfyg/ H f d f d f

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1-trk; ig;rsKd;[lonfrm (1) tkw<f uyf? (2) ausmufjym;? (3) t*Faw? (4) oufu,fjruf? (5) xef;Guf d S tifzuf paomopfu-ig;rsKd;yif jzpfonf/ (0d 4-301) G f

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1-(0d 1-264? 0d 4-359-wkYd ) ]]a'0'wf? Spvywfv; opfyif&if;ausmif; aejcif;ukd igbk&m;cGihf y f Hk xm;NyD}}[k rdeUf awmfrcsufaomaMumifif;? (0d-| 2-189-) ]]rk;av;vwkYd ywfv; rlum; opfyif&if; ausmif; l dS h d Hk aejcif;ukd jrpfy,fxm;onfomwnf;}}[k zGijhf yxm;aomaMumifif;? (0d 3-212-) ]][if;vif;jyif 0gruyftyf}} h ]]ausmif;rSdyJ 0gruyftyf}}[k ynwfawmfrcsufrsm; SaomaMumifif; rk;av;vtwGi; kur"wifEihf l d h d f l k S taAmumodu "kwifudk raqmufwnfaumif;ouJoYdk \/ okYd aomf wHcg;ESiwuG rk;vkaom ausmif;SvQif h dS hf d H d 0guyfaumif;\? xkausmif;trk;atmufoYdk r0ifvQif "kwifvnf; ysufz,rSay/ txl;ukvnf; t&m d d G f d d rSwom;tyf\/ f

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1-trk;atmuf aejcif;ukd yjcif;onf ("kwifudk rysuapEkiaom) w&m;emjcif;ponfwYdktwGuvnf; d f d f f jzpfwwfao;\? xkYd aMumifh ]]odvsuf tkPwufapumrQ}}[l qkayonf/ (#Dum) f d

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

236

2-opfyifwnfaom AdrmefwYdk aeukeaom xkuZ0;ewfwYdk onfvnf; opfyifwYdk aeuke\? kurl f d k dk f f "kwifaqmif&[ef;onfvnf; opfyif ae\? xkYd aMumifh twlwuGae&onf\tjzpf ([k qkonf)/ (#Dum) d 3-0daooeyk'udk ae&monf-[laom 0daoosyk'Eihf pyfyg/ f f S

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1-0daooeyk'wYdk udk ae&monf-[laom 0daoosyk'Eipyfyg/ f f S hf 2-0daooeyk'wYdk udk opfyif&if;-[laom 0daoosESihf pyfyg/ f 3-a,m*Donf .... awGUjrif&onfjzpf .... y,fazsmufEiay\-[k pyfyg/ dk f 4-jrwfpmbk&m;\ zGm;awmfrjl cif; bk&m;jzpfawmfrjl cif; "rpMumw&m;ukd a[mawmfrjl cif; y&deAmefpawmfrl G d H jcif;wkYdonf opfyif&if;omvQif jzpfMuaomaMumifh ]]bk&m;\ tarGawmfjzpfaom .... opfyif&if;uk}d }[k qkayonf/ d (#Dum)

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1-opfyif\ twGi;rnfonf opfyif&if; opfyifatmuft&yfwnf;? awmif\ twGi;rnfonfrmrl f f S awmif0r; awmifcsKdihf awmifacgif;ESihf wlaom awmifpe;awmifp,f atmuft&yfaywnf;/ (#Dum) S f G f G

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1-odvsuf[onfum; w&m;emjcif;ponftvkYd ig trk;atmuf opfyif&if;okYd 0if aepOf ,ckyif tkPf l S d wufawmhrnf[k odvsuf ([k qkv\)/ (#Dum) d dk 2-tcsKUd aom opfyif&if;vnf; ae csr;omjcif;-aeaumif;jcif;onf Sonfom? xkYd aMumifh xkopfyif f d d &if; Niduyfw,wmjcif; aSUoGm;Saom tm0goyvdaAm"onf jzpfEiao;\? [if;vif;jyifum; rjzpfEiay? G f d dk f dk f xkYd aMumifh "kwifomvQif tm0goyvdaAm" jywfjcif;tusKd;ukd qkayonf/ (#Dum) d 3-rnfaomt&yf aexkip&m (ausmif;) rSaomaMumifh xkt&yfoYdk oGm;jcif;iSgrpGr;Eki-[k okYd aom d f d d f d f BuHpnfjcif;\ rSjd cif;aMumifh t&yfav;rsufEmwkYd tydwtyifuif;aom oGm;jcif;Sayonf/ (#Dum) S f d

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1-&[ef;onf .... rMumrDyif &Ekiay\-[k pyfyg/ d f

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1-xk&[ef;onf .... xkrwom;tyfumrQjzpfaom t&yf raeoifao;-[k pyfyg/ d d S f h 2-olaoaumif tdyumrQ okomefvuPmokYd a&mufjcif;aMumifh okomefrnfonfomwnf;? rSeay\? f f q0o,e-olaoaumif\ tdy&mukd okomef[k qktyfayonf/ (#Dum) q0-olaoaumif\+o,e-tdy&mf d f ,if; q0o,e-rS okome-okomef jzpfvmonf[k qkv\/ d dk

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

237

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1-okomefrnfonfrm vlwYdk\ vQKUd 0Sutyfaom raumif;rIudk yEki&mt&yfjzpfaomaMumifh ck;rIv,ufrI S f d f d k ukd yNyD;aom ck;ol ry&ao;aom ck;olwYdk 0ifa&mufae&mjzpf\? xkoomef ck;olwYdk u OpmSif (ESihf ykvy) wkYd udk d d d k d d f jrif &[ef;\teD; ck;xkyuypf ajy;MuvQif &[ef;ukd ck;ol[k xifum zrf; ykwcwfue&m\/ xkoYdk aom d f dk d f k f d ab;&efudk y,fazsmufEi&eftwGuf oHCax&f GmolBuD;ponfwYdk tm; yefMum; today;xm;&onf/ (#Dum) dk f tenf;i,f csKH;xm;onf/

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1-ESr;axmif;[laomteufonf wdvyd|-yk'\ teufjzpfonf? #Dum yk'udk yvv-[k zGi\? f f f hf ouwtbd"mef yvv-ukd axmif;xktyfaom ESr;[k jyxm;onf? r[m#Dum 'kw,wGJ 355-rl wdvyd|ukd f d wdvpkP-ESr;rIeYf -[k zGijhf yxm;\/ xkYd aMumifh ESr;axmif;[laom teuftoifyif/ qDBudwq xkw,l tyfaom f f h f J f ESr;rIeYf udk qDaxG;ac:onf/ xkYd aMumifh qDaxG;-[laom teufvnf; oif&m\/ f h

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1-rk;aomuf,mrf okomefrS zJjcif;iSg oif\-[k tvktyfaomaMumifh ]]okomefoYdk roGm;aomaeY d h d dS ysufonf}}[k t*Fw&edum,faqmifq&mwkYd u qkayonf/ (#Dum) k d

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1-xk&[ef;onf .... auseyfa&mif&tyf\-[k pyfyg/ d h J

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1-oHCuausmif; ae&mcsxm;aomyk*Kd vfu ax&fpOf0gpOft& ae&mcsxm;ay;&onf? ax&fBuD;&[ef;u d oDwif;i,f\ ae&mukd tvkvQif xkae&mukd ay;&onf/ xkoYdk csxm;ay;vQif oDwif;i,f&[ef;rSm ajymif;aTU& d dS d d ojzifh 'kua&muf\/ "kwifaqmif&[ef;onfum; ae&mcsxm;a&; yk*Kd vfu csxm;aom ae&m omvQif ae\/ wyg;aom &[ef;wkYd \ ae&mukd rawmif;& r,l&? xkYd aMumifh oDwif;i,f&[ef;ukd ae&mrS rxaptyf-[k qkayonf/ d 2-tzmokubma0e-[laom #DumjznfputzGi\ teufjzpfonf/ jynfr0o'r*f ed,um; 0da0u h G f hf l d k d tpSonfudk &jcif;iSg rcsrf;omonf\ tjzpfjzif-[k teufjyefxm;\/ #Dum rk'tm; avmvky jzpfyudk ]]a&m*g d h k Hk rSdyJ tjcm;ausmif;ukd ,ljcif;onf avmvky rnf\}}[k zGijhf ycsufEihf ES;aESmMunf&m\/ S D h

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1-rk'tm; a&m*grSvQif (0g-a&m*grSdygyJ) ,laptyf-csxm;tyfNyD;aom ausmif;ukd y,f tjcm;ausmif; k d ukd ,ljcif;onf avmvkyrnf\? rZKHtm; oGm;Munfjh cif;onf avmvkyrnf\? OuXtm; ar;jref; pkprf;jcif;onf f H avmvkyrnf\/ tvk;pkaom xky*Kd vf 3-yg;vk;wkYd tm; oDwif;i,fudk ae&mrS xap ,l&m avmvky H H d k H jzpfonfudk qkz,yifrSawmhNyD/ (#Dum) d G f d 2-x (ae&may;)ap&ef ajymEkiaumif;aom oDwif;i,fwYdkuvnf; ae&mrSxap&ef rajymojzifh oDwif; d f dk ok;abmfi,fwYdk \ tpD;tyGg;ukd vkvm;onf\tjzpf/ (#Dum) H d

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1-avhusuftyfaom .... csD;rGr;awmfrtyfaom .... arGUavsmfonf\tjzpf-[k pyfyg/ f l

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

238

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1-'kyvwum-yk'\ teufjzpfonf? 'k -ykq;-t0wf+yvw y&dtw-'l;ESpzufudk odr;yku d f dk f f d f xkiaejcif; tusKd;iSg+um-jzpfonf='kyvwum-'l;ESpzufudk odr;yku xki&ef t0wf? wenf; - 'k d f d f f d f d f t0wfyq;jzif+yvwum-odr;yku&pfywf xkijf cif;/ yvwumukd 0d | 3-169-aocd,tzGi (1) k dk h d f d f d d hf tma,m*yvwum-&pfywf zGUJ csnp&mud;jym; t0wfjym;jzifh 'l;ESpzufudk odr;yku xkijf cif;? (2) d f l f f d f d [wyvwum-vufjzifh 'l;ESpzufudk odr;ykuxkijf cif;? (3) 'kyvwum-t0wfyq;jzifh 'l;ESpzufudk d f f d f d d k dk f odr;yku&pfywf xkijf cif;[l 3-rsK; jyqkxm;\/ xkdwGif t&m 3-eHygwf 'kyvwumukd qkonf/ f d f d d d d d

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1-tma,m*y-tma,m*y#f-[lonfrm 'l;ESpzufudk odr;yku&pfywfxip&m ud;jym;jzpfonf? ,if;ukd S f f d f dk f 0denf; plV0gygVdawmf atmufygtwki; jyqkxm;\ d f d &[ef;wyg;onf emzsm;ojzifh tma,m*y#fEihf uif; rcsrf;om/ jrwfpmbk&m;tm; taMumif;ukd S G avQmufMuuke\/ tma,m*y#fudk ig cGihf y\-[k rdeYf awmfr\/ tb,foYdk yvky&rnfenf;-[k tBuH jzpf\/ f l f avQmufMuuke\/ &ufuef;pif vufcwfcsyf aMu;wH0g;[laom &ufuef; taqmuftOD; tvk;pkudk ig cGihf y\-[k f H H rdeYf awmfr\/ (plV0g jrefrmjyef 279) tma,m*-&pfywf&ef+y-ud;jym;/ l 2-tajc 4-acsmif;ESihf aemufrwuJ[aom t*Fgig;yg;wkYd jzifh yO*F rnf\? ]]aygif 4-ckEihf aemufrDS DS l S wuJjzifh yO*F rnfonf}}[k wyg;aom q&mwkYd u qkMd u\/ (#Dum)

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1-eHyg; 2-zufEihf aemufzuf tvkwi; rSaeaom edoZ"wifaqmify*Kd vf\ "kwifraqmifaom S d dS dk f D d k k yk*Kd vfrS txl;um; tb,fenf;[laom ,ljcif; pOf;pm;jcif;ukd wm;jrpfjcif;iSg ]]rdVmb,rax&fonf tem*grf jzpf y&deAmef pHawmfravNyD}}[k tb,ax&fudk om"u tjzpfjzifh nTejf yayonf/ (#Dum) d l

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1-wkevyap\-[lonfrm tvk\ysujf cif; - tvktwki; rjzpfjcif;ukd yonf[k qkv\/ f I f S d d d f d dk 2-cd;NcHaom .... tifMuif;awmuk-[laom teufonf wayg0eH-yk'\teufudk jynfr azmfjyxm;onfh d f l twki; jzpfonf/ wy-udavomukd ylavmif aoGUajcmuf uif;aysmufapwwfaom tusi+0e-awm = wayg0ed f hf udavomukd ylapwwfaom tusiwnf;[laom awm? oDv orm"d ynm-[laom omoemawmf yif jzpfonf/ hf

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1-ykxZOfEihf aouwYdk \ "kwifudk qkonf/ k S d 2-&[Em\ "kwifudk qkonf/ d

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1-pum;jzifh "kw-udavomukd cgxkwwwfaom yk*Kd vf\+t*Fged-taMumif; t*FgwkYd ="kw*Fged f "kwif\ t*Fg - udavomukd cgxkwwwfaom yk*Kd vf\ t*Fgrsm;-[l wyK&dof ormof 0pewudk jyonf? ygVd f o'gwwfowYdk \ t&mom jzpfonf/ l

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

239

2-pum;jziffh "kwH t* {awoH-"kwrnfaom Pfonf aqmufwnfaMumif; apwemwkYd \ aSUoGm; taMumif;aywnf;? 0g-aqmufwnfaMumif; apwemwkYd rm "kwrnfaom Pf[aom aSYom; taMumif; S\? S l G d xkYd aMumifh "kw*F rnfue\-[laom A[kA[0pewudk jyonf/ ygVd o'gwwfowYdk \ t&myifwnf;/ k f D d l 3-pum;jzifh "kwmed p wmed t*Fged p-aqmufwnfaMumif; apwemwkYd onf "kwvnf; rnfue\? k f t*Fgvnf;rnfue\? xkYd aMumifh "kw*F-"kwif rnfue\-[laom ur"m&,ormof 0pewujdk yonf/ ygVd o'g k f k f wwfowYdk \ t&mom jzpfonf/ xkYd aMumifh tqkrsm;ukd oabmraygufvQif igwkYd \ t&mr[kw[k rSw&m\/ l d f f

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1-a[mEd-[k wdwusus rqkyJ ba0,sKH-jzpfayuke&m\-[k y&duytm;jzifh qkxm;aomaMumifh ygVdr&if; d d f d l Sonfh tpOftwki; jyefxm;onf? ted,wf0gusrS pjyefvQifrl ]]aqmufwnfaMumif; apwemwkYd onf d d f tMuif"wrnfaomol\ taMumif;t*FgwkYd jzpfue&m\? tukovjf zifh (udavomukd cgxkwwwfaomaMumif) k k f dk f h "kwrnfaom xkoYdk aom yk*Kd vfonf wpkwa,mufrQ rSay}}[l jzpf\/ qkvonfrm tukovjf zifh udavom d H d d dk S dk wkYd udk cgxkwwwfaomaMumifh "kwrnfaomol[ wpkwa,mufrQ rS?d xkYd aMumifh tukovonf "kwrnfaom f l H dk f oljzpfaMumif; r[kw?f xkoYdk r[kwaomaMumifh tukovonf "kw rnfo\ taMumif; t*Fg-"kwif rrnf-[k d f dk f l qkv\/ jycJhaom 0pew 3-ckwYdkwif yXr 0pewt& "kw*F-"kwif rrnfaMumif;ukd jyonf/ ygVd o'gwwfol d dk G wkYd \t&myif/

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1-&[Em[lorQonf udavomukd cgxkwf zsuq;NyD;csn;omjzpf "kwrnfonfcsn;yif? okYd aomfvnf; f D f f t&mrl "kwifudk rS0ujcif;ukd aSUoGm;yojzifh udavomwkYd udk cgxkwf zsufq;NyD;wnfaom &[Emukd D J D udavomwkYd udk cgxkwf zsufq;NyD;aom ("kwifuavo) yk*Kd vf[k qkvay\/ (#Dum) D d d dk 2-tvk;pkaom t&d,mr*fonf rkcstm;jzifh udavomwkYd udk cgxkwzsufq;wwfaomw&m; rnfay\? H H f D txl;tm;jzifh t&[wr*fonf udavomwkYd udk cgxkwf zsufq;wwfaomw&m; rnfay\? rkcs r[kwaom Oypm D f y&d,m,ftm;jzifrl 0dyemPfponfonfvnf; udavomwkYd udk cgxkwzsufq;wwfaomw&m; rnfay\? h f D atmufq; tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifrl "kwifapwemESi,Oaom Pfudk ]]udavomwkYd udk cgxkwf zsufq;wwfaom Hk d f h hf S f D w&m;}}[k rSwtyf\/ (#Dum) f

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1-tavmbjzifh .... avmbukd cgxkwf zsufq;\-[k pyfyg/ D 2-y,ftyfaom .... 0wKwkdY-[k pyfyg/

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1-tm&nuif"wifudk *kP;rS cseae&pfjcif;qki&m Mo[D,eodumyk'jf zifh y,fjrpfxm;\? cvkypmbwf k d f f d f "kwifudk bduK eDygpdwtm&mr0*f 4-ckajrmuf y0g&dwodumyk'jf zifh y,fjrpfxm;\? (#Dumpmrl tewd&w f d abmZeodumya'e-[k Sd\/ xkdygXf oifhtHh rxif/) 2-bduK eDtm; &ifvr; a&oEkyf ouFe;wkYd EiwuG ig;xnfwYdkjzpfuejf im;aomfvnf; wdp0&duf - ouFe; T f f S hf k D f 3-xnf[k a&wGujf cif;okYd omvQif a&mufue\[k ESv;oGi; (wdp0&duf "kwifEiwuG) Spyg;wkYd omvQif k f Hk f D S hf f jzpfMuonf([k qkayonf)/ (#Dum) d

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1-bduK eDwYdk rm &aom "kwifpyg;rS wdp0&dwukd EIw ckepfyg; jzpfonf/ S S f D f f

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1-,cktcg....jyemtaygif;udk xkwfjytyf\-[k pyfyg/ 2-&[ef;onf....orm"dudk yGg;aptyf\-[k pyfyg/ 3-omrm"dukd yGg;aptyfjcif; ,if;udk yGg;ap&efvnf; rvG,ujl cif; [laom taMumif; 2-yg;aMumif-[k f h qkv\/ d dk

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1-Oy-tyempsmef\ teD;+pm&-jzpfaom + orm"d-pdwwnfMunfjcif; = Oypm& ormZd+tyempsmef\ f teD;jzpfaom pdwwnfMunfjcif;/ Ak'gEkwd tp "mwk00wmef tqH;Saom txufyg ur|mef; 10-yg;wkYd f k d jzpfaom orm"donf tyempsmef\ teD; rjzpfMujim;aomfvnf; eD0&PwkYd ukd uif;apjcif;tm;jzifh tyempsmef\ teD;jzpfaom Oypm& orm"dEihf wlaomaMumifh Oypm&orm"d rnfayonf? (om"uudk tvdvQif r[m#Dum S k dS yXr 436- Munfyg)/ wenf;um; Ak'gEkwdponfukd yGg;aepOf jzpfay:vmaom yDwd ponfukd 0dyemI h t&d,mr*f tyemorm"doYkd a&mufEi\? xdoYkdjzpfvQif r*ftyem orm"d\ teD; jzpfonf[k qdEi\? xdYk aMumifh kd f k k kd f Oypm&orm"d rnfonf[vnf; qdoifh\/ l k

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1-ESm 278 wwd,pmyd' Munfyg/ k f h 2-ESm 281 wwd,pmyd' Munhyg/ k f f

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1-y&dw-wefc; tmEkabmf enf;ojzifh ao;i,f ao;Ekyaom + orm"d-pdwwnfMunfjcif;/ kd f f

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2-r[*w-jrwfonf\ tjzpfoYkd a&mufaom - BuD;us,f jrifjh rwfaom + rom"d - pdwwnfMunfjcif;/ f 3-tyrmP - twdkif;tSnfrSdaom - tvGejf rifjh rwfaom + orm"d - pdwwnfMunfjcif;/ f

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1-tzGitydwaumfrm 2-&yftwGi;Sd pum;rsm;onf aSYtjcm;rJ qdcaom ]]qif;&J\}} [laom hf f f h k hJ pum;\ tzGirsm;jzpfonf? xdYk aMumifh onfum; ponfjzifh quf Tejf yoGm;ayonf/ hf

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1-xdk (y#dy'g tbdnm)wdYk wif .... 'ku y#dy'gonfif;? 'Embdnmonfif; jzpf\-ponfjzifh pyfyg/ G

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1-vGepm tm;xkwrukd rybl;aom-[lonfum; aS;b0wyg; tavhtusifukd rybl;aom olaywnf;/ f G f I h aus>yefpm yNyD; pGeYf ypfxm;aom usr;onf tenf;i,frQ tm;xkwrjI zifh aumif;pGm EIwwufonfom G f f f jzpfouJoYkd twlyif aS;b0 tavhtusufybl;aom ol\ bm0emonf ryifryef; csr;ompGmomvQif h f jynfpwwf\/ xdYk aMumifh vGepm tm;xkwrukd ybl;aom oltm; okcy#dy'g jzpf\-[k qd\/ (#D) h kH f G f I k

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1- (owd\ wnfaejcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzif-[l&m) xdowdonfum; xd&qJpsmef om,maom wPSm[k f h k k qdtyfonfrvnf; jzpfaom xdwPSmESihf ,SOaom emrfcEm[k qdtyfonfrvnf;jzpfaom rdpmowdyif jzpfonf k l k f k l -[l oarm[0daem'eDt|uxm rdeYf qavNyD/ xd&qJpsmef iJjh cif;Saom yk*Kd vftm; txufw&m;xl;udk kd k d jzpfapjcif;iSg rpGr;EdiaomaMumifh ESpoufw,wmrIruif;rl xdxpsmefukd aqmifaom owd[vnf;qd&ef f k f f G f k kd l k oifao;\/ xdYk aMumifh (owd\-[k {uefqxm;aom t|uxm pum;t&m) owd\aomfif;? eduE\aomfif; h kd d - [l ESpo,EpcG qdxm;jcif;onfvnf; oifay\/ (r[m#Dum) eduEuaomfif;? eduEEihf wuGjzpfaom f G f S f k h d kd d S pdwK yg'f (pdwapwodutaygif;)udaomfif; rdpmowd - [k (t|uxmq&m) qd\/ (oarmtzGifh rlv#Dum/) f f k k

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1-wwd, pwkut& orm"d 4-yg;udkjy&m 0dwuf0dpm& 2-yg;vH;uif;aom yDwd okc {u*wm tm;jzifh k t*Fg 3-yg;Saom 'kw,psmefukd jycJ\/ xdpsmefukd 0dwufrQomuif; 0dpm& yDwd okc {u*wmtm;jzifh t*Fg d d h k av;yg;Sdaom 'kwd,psmefwyg;? 0dpm&yguif; yDwd okc {u*wmtm;jzifh t*Fg 3-yg;Sdaom t&m wwd, psmef[k ac:qktyfaom psmefwyg;[k odYk 2-yg;cG ,lvuvQif xdk pwkut&m jycJaom wwd, pwkw d J kd f h psmefwYdk ukd t&m pwkwpsmef yOrpsmef[k ac:&\/ xdYk aMumifh psmefig;yg;jzpfavonf/

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1-avmuD orm"durum; .... r,kwavsmhapyJ yGg;aptyf\ - [k pyfyg/ kd l f

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1-(wpHwckaom) taMumif;aMumifh + [l&m t&dytm0go a&wdYk Eihf jynfpjkH cif; qGr;&vG,jf cif; - odkY k f S h f tpSaom taMumif;aMumifh ([k qdv\)/ (#Dum) d k kd

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242

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1-tEkyaAe - [laom yk'\qdvaom teufjzpfonf/ xdy'jf zifh rdYrS xGuNf yD;aemuf xlygkausmif;odYk k f k kd k k H a&mufatmif tenf;i,fom;&ao;onfukd jy\/ G 2-ygpde - aSYt&yf - taSYbuf + c@ - tjywf + &mZd - ta&; - taMumif; twef; = ygpdec@&mZd - taSYbuf awmwef; tjywf? 0g - awmifwef;tjywf/ 3-axa&m [kwm-ax&f jzpfNyD;? 0g-jzpfNyD; vwfaomf - [laom pum;udk jrefrm0gus acsmarmap&ef G ax&ftjzpfoYkd a&mufaomtcg-[k jyefxm;onf/

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1-0do'r*f ygVdrpmtkywYdk wa&m tm[ - [k Saom ygXfonf roif/ taMumif;rlum; - aS;0gus k d l f d h tm*EKaum pdaEo-tm*EK rax&fu BuHawG;jyef\-[k qdc\/ xkoYkd qNkd yD;aemuf 0gus wa&m - rS d k hJ d wyg;aom rax&fu-[k qdvQif tm0godurax&fu-[k qd&ma&muf\/ trSerm tm*EKrax&fuyif tm0godu k k f S rax&fukd ar;aomt&mjzpfonf/ odYk jzpf w&rm[-[lom ygXfSdoifhayonf? xdkSdoifhaom ygXft& tm0godurax&fudk - [k jyefxm;onf/

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1-jrpfonf oD[VuRef;Saom r[ma0vd**Fg - [k ac:aom jrpfjzpfonf/ kd f d 2-0wH uwGm - [laom ygXft& 0wfy - [k twdtus jyefoifaomfvnf; jrefrmpum; om Si;vif; h f jywfom;ap&ef wGif w0guscG jyefonf/ J

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1-*px baE-\ jrefrmjyef jzpfonf? wyg;wnf;udk odYk A[k0pjf zifh qdjk cif;onf ygVdenf;t& k tav;tjrwfy qdjk cif;jzpfonf/

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1-rZredum,f rlvyPo &x0dewokw uxm0wK 10-yg;udif; &x0dewac: jrif;vdrm &xm; d D f k D wkYd jzifh Oyrmy 0do'd 7-yg;wdYk uif; jyqdxm;\? xdtusifukd qdonf/ xdwif uxm0wK 10-yg;[lonfrm k kd k k h k k G S (1) tvdenf;jcif;ESihf pyfaompum;? (2) a&mif&jJ cif;ESihf pyfaompum;? (3) qdwNf idrjf cif;ESihf pyfaompum;? (4) k h ra&m,Sujf cif;ESihf pyfaompum;? (5) jyif;pGm tm;xkwjf cif;ESihf pyfaom pum;? (6-10) oDv orm"d ynm 0drwd k 0drwP'ewdYk Eihf pyfaom pum;rsm;yif jzpfonf/ 0do'd 7-yg;um; xifm;\/ k d S k S 2-armae,stusif[onfrm okweygwfygVd ESm 388- ]]armae,sHaw OyndH - udavom h l S d uif;qdwaom &[ef;\tusifukd oiftm; ynwfa[mMum;aytH}h }-odYk ponfjzifh a[mxm;aomtusifjh zpfonf/ f h xdow txl;tm;jzifh k k f &[ef;onfmodYk 0ifa&mufvwfaomf 'g,umwdYk Eihf twltuG G S a&maESmvsuf rae&m? tpmtm[m& qGr;Sm&m pum; rajym f wwfaom olt uJoYkd jzpfvsuf qGr;&a&;ESipyfaom pum;udk h f hf rqd&m k

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243

[laom *gxmvnf; ygSd\/ xdYk jyifvnf; tvdenf;jcif; ponfEihf pyfaom usifyusifenf; rsm;pGmwdYk vnf;ygS\/ k S h kH h d tusOf;csKyftm;jzifr-awmxJwif opfyifatmuf &yfvsuf jzpfap? xdivsujf zpfap bm0emtvkyukd rjywf h l G k f f tm;xkwae&onf? eHeufumv GmodYk qGr;cH0ifaomtcg tdrpOftwdi; vSn&aom qGr;udk bkO;ay;&onf? f f f k f hf f f tdroYkd yifonfuif; vm ydYk onfuif; vufrcH&? 'um 'umrwkYd Eihf ajyma[mrae&/ wckaom opfyif f h kd kd S waeYom ae&onf? wckaom Gmvnf; waeYaom qGr;cH&onf? aemufwaeY tjcm;awm tjcm;opfyif tjcm; f GmodYk ajymif;aTY&onf/ um; armae,stusifh tusOf;csKyfaywnf;/ tus,ftjynftpHukd odvvQif okw&if; h k kd f Munfygav/ h

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1-wk0 tusif[onfrm okweygwfygVd ESm 421- ]]rlvH yyOocFg,? rEm towd oArykaEh l S d D k tus,fcsJYwwfaom yyO w&m;[k qdtyfaom wPSm rme 'd|\ tjrpft&if; t0dZmudif;? igjzpfonf[k k d k xifaom rmeudif; ynmjzifh tvH;pHk csKyfxe; y,f&if;&m\}} ponfjzifh a[mxm;aom tusifjh zpfonf/ xdow k k d f k k f txl;ojzifh Gmvnf; 'g,umwkYd Eihf a&m,Surae&m? qGr;ouFe;paom S f f f vmbfukd tvdojzifh vlukd vmbf&&ef rajymqd&m k dS k [laom pum;udk jyqdxm;\? pum;udyif t&m &nf,onf jzpf&m\/ k k G f 2-t&d,0Hookwf (tH y? 336) (1) wrsKd;rsKd;aom ouFe;jzifh a&mif&jJ cif;? (2) wrsKd;rsKd;aom qGr;jzifh f h f a&mif&jJ cif;? (3) wrsK;rsK;aom ausmif;jzifh a&mif&jJ cif;? (4) bm0em arGYavsmfjcif; [laom tusifh 4-yg;udk h d d h jyxm;\/ xdtusifuyif qdonf/ xdwif qGr;a&mif&jJ cif;jzifh aq; a&mif&jJ cif;udvnf; odr;,ltyf\? k h kd k k G f h h k f xdYk aMumifh 0do'r*f pwkyp, oaEmo - ypn; 4-yg; a&mif&jJ cif;[k rdeYf qayonf/ k d f h kd

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1-qGr;udv&m bk&m;tm;ylaZmfjcif;ESihf oydwouFe; ponfwYdk ukd xdqr;tv\ tNcHt&Hy vMu\/ f k f f k G f ouFe; ponfukd v&mvnf; xdYk twlyif? odYk aom tNcHt&Hukd &nf qdonf/ (#Dum) f k

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1-wd - yk'\ jrefrmjyef jzpfonf? vlwYkdEihf a&m,SurrjywfpjJ cif;? owif;Mum;&m yifavQmuf&modYk f S f I h oGm;&ef pDrjH cif;udyif &nf,onf/ k G f 2-eH-xdk &[ef;udk - [k twdtusjyefvQif jrefrmpum;0gus rjywfom;yJae\? xdYk aMumifh jywfom; dS Si;vif;ap&ef rdrukd - [k jyif jyefxm;onf/ f d 3-,w e ZmeE?d ww-\ twdcsKyfjyefqcsuf jzpfonf? rodMu&m t&yf-[k jyefvQif em;vnfEif k kd kd aomfvnf; om Si;vif;jywfom;ap&ef txufygtwdi; jyif jyefxm;onf/ f k f

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1-oD[VuRe; trsK;om;oli,fwYdkukd Sif yay;jcif;onf om;o;wdYk ukd xdr;jrm;r*Fvm yay;jcif;ESihf kd f f d D f wl\? xdYk aMumifh ydi;jcm;owfrwxm;aom xdaeY&ufukd ausmveap&ef rjzpfEi/ (#Dum) oD[V aeYaumif; k f S f k f G f kd f dk f tcsdeaumif; aG;cs,faom tavhonf ,ckxufwif Sao;\/ f kd d 2-o'0[m&duac: twlaewynfh - [lonfrm OyZm,f,xm;aom wynfjh zpfonf/ d d S l 3-taE0goduac: teD;aewynfh - [lonfrm OyZm,frS wyg;aom q&mwdYk \ wynfh jzpfonf/ S

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244

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1-uwdyg[H - yk'\ teufjzpfonf/ ,if;&uftenf;i,fonf 2-&uf 3-&ufvnf; jzpfEi\? av;ig; f kd f ajcmuf&ufvnf; jzpfEi\/ tema&m*gonf 2-&uf 3-&ufrQjzifh aysmufEionfvnf;S\? av; ig;&uf kd f kd f d ponfMumrS aysmufEionfvnf; S\/ xdkYaMumifh tema&m*gtm;avsmfpm oifovdk ,lEiap&ef &uftenf; kd f d G h kd f i,f-[k teuf&if;twdi;om jyefxm;onf/ jynfre,um; 2-&uf 3-&uf - [k jyefxm;\/ xdjk yefcsufvnf; k f l d taZ0 udprmwyH - [laom a'oemawmfEihf avsmay\/ S f

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1-ywGm - a&muf? 0g - a&mufNyD;vwfaomf - [laom yk'ukd jrefrmpum; jywfom;Si;vif;ap&ef f f ]]a&mufav\? xdktcg}} [k 0gusyg cGJ jyefxm;onf/

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1-roif,yyif .... wD;cwfapavonf - [k pyfyg/ l J

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1-]]yk*Kd vf aumif;pGm qHjk zwftyfNyD;aom yd#uwfo;yHk [laom y&d,wfonf wnf\? xdYk aMumifh kH dS xdy*Kd vfonf oAy&d,wu-y&d,wf tvH;pHornf\? awyd#u-yd#uwfo;yHaqmif yk*Kd vf-[k teuf&onf}} k k d k k dS l kH k [laom #DumESihf tnD jrefrmjyef pmzwfowYkd em;vnfv,ap&ef tenf;,ifjyif jyefxm;onf/ l G f

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1-ux,aEm - yk'ukd ]]zGijhf yaom rax&fonf}}[k twdtusjyefvQif jrefrmpum; racsmaomaMumifh f ]]zGijhf yvsuf r[m"r&uw rax&fonf}} [k jznfpujf yefonf/ d h G 2-tpOfojzifh - [lonfrm tpOftwdi; zGijhf yaomtm;jzifh - [k qdv\/ S k f k kd

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1-y&d0awaE - yk'ukd jrefrmpum; Si;vif;ap&ef ]]zGiqyYkd csae\? xdoYkd ydYk csaepOf}}[k 0gusyg cGJ f f hf kd k jyefxm;onf/

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1-oA - t&mcyfor; + twu - tvdtyfaom + ur|me - ur|mef;/ d f k dS 2-pwk&m&umwd/ /Ak'gEkwd arwm p? tokbH r&Pwd - [laom ck'oumusrf; Ak'gEkwd d ESiwuG oAwu ur|mef; 3-yg;udyif pwk&m&u - tapmifhtaSmuf 4-yg;[k jyqdxm;\/ xdk tvdtm;jzifh hf k k k Ak'gwduvnf; oAwuur|mef;[k qdoifay\/ kd k h

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1- &[Emyk*Kd vfu ur|mef;tm;xkwaom &[ef;tm; rdr*Pukd jyonf-[k qd&mwGif vl omraP f d k f k wdYk tm; jyonfr[kw?f &[ef;tm;om jyonf-[k rSw,&m\/ taMumif;rlum;-vlomraPwkYd tm; rdr\ t&d,m f l d tjzpf &[Emtjzpfukd ajymvQif jyvQif blwma&mpeodumyk'jf zifh ygpdwtmywfoif\? t&d,myk*Kd vf [lorQ f h onfvnf; odvsuf 0denf;odumyk'ukd usL;vGe;rSay? xdYk aMumifyifwnf;/ f f dk d h 2-wdiatmif tm*rokw t"d*rokw-[laom tMum;tjrif 2-yg;vH;ESihf jynfpaom yk*Kd vfrsm;udk k f k h kH jyonf? xdwif aomwmyefwiatmif avmuD avmukw&m t"d*rokw 2-rsKd;vH;ESihf jynhpaom yk*Kd vfrsm; k G kd f k f kH jzpfonf? psmef&ykxZOfonfum; avmuDpsmef[aom t"d*rokw wrsK;wnf;ESiom jynfpaom yk*Kd vf jzpfonf/ k l d hf h kH xdrS aemuf yd#uoH;yHaqmif-paom ykxZOfwYdkonfum; tm*rokw-[laom tMum;ESiom jynfpaom k k k k hf h kH yk*Kd vfrsm; jzpfonf? y&d,wfpmawGYoufouf yk*Kd vfrsm;[k qdv\/ odYk aomf xdoYkd aom yk*Kd vfjrwfuvnf; k kd k kd tav;yxdiaMumif; quf jyqdxm;ayonf/ k f k

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0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

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0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

258

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0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

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1-#Dum zGijhf yxm;onfh tpOftwdi; jyefqcsuf jzpfonf/ aumif;pGm zGijhf yxm;aom ysm; ponfwYdk\ k f kd jzpfyuoYkd - [l qdkvdk\/ atmufygtwdi; jyefqvQif om acsmarmSi;vif;&m\ kH hJ k f kd f (t|uxm) aumif;pGmcs;rGr; jyqdxm;aom (yk'ukd D f k f ]]jzpfy}kH }ESipyf) yef;0wfrHI MumGuf yifurQif avS qDusnf hf h l awmufwYdk (vdrmaom) ysm;ponfwYdk\ jzpfyuoYkd / kH hJ

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0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

260

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1-emem-rsm;pGmaom - 0g - uGjJ ym;aom + tm0Ze - tm0Ze; Sonf=emem0Ze - rsm;pGmaom - 0g f d uGjJ ym;aom tm0Ze;Saom 0Dx?d tyempsmefrjzpfrD aS;tzdYk u IchJ yGg;rsm;cJaom bm0em0Dxrsm; 0Dxd tBudrrsm; f d h d f oavmuf tm0Ze;vnf; rsm;cJh\? ,if; tm0Zrsm;onf aemufq; tyempsmef0x yg0ifaom tyempsmef\ f kH D d tm0Ze;rSvnf; uGjJ ym;\? xkYd aMumifh xkaS;aS; b0em0Dxrsm;onf emem0Ze - tm0Ze; rsm;aom 0Dxd - 0g f d d f tm0Ze;uGjJ ym;aom 0DxwYkd rnfMuonf/ f d 2-tyempsmef0x yg0ifaom umr0p&bm0emaZmrsm;onf aS;aS; emem0Ze0DxwYdk yg0ifaom y&duH D d d bm0emaZmwdYk Eivnf; avsm\? jzpfvwHaom tyemaZmESivnf; avsm\/ xkYd aMumifh - tEkavmr - tEkvkH S hf f h hf f aS;tzdYk u jzpfcaom 0DxuJG y&duH bm0emESiif;? wqufwnf;yif jzpfvwHaom tyempsmefEiif; avsmfaom hJ d hf h S hf aZm-[k qdv\/ k kd 3-umrm0p&aZm oH;Budrjf zpfvQif wwd,pdw?f av;Budrjf zpfvQif pwkwpw-[k qdv\/ k d f k kd

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1-umraZm oH;BudrrQjzpf&m y&duH rygyJ a&wGuaom enf;udk qdonf/ k f f k 2-umraZm oH;Budrjf zpfvQif av;Budrajrmuf aZmpdwonf tyempsmefpwf jzpfonf? umraZm av;Budrf k f f d jzpfvQif ig;Budr;ajrmuf aZmpdwonf tyempsmefpwjf zpfonf-[k qdv\/ f f d k kd 3-cdybnyk*Kd vftm; av;Budrajrmuf aZmpdwonf tyem jzpf\? 'Embdnyk*Kd vftm; ig;Budrajrmuf d f f f aZmpdwonf tyemjzpf\? xkoYkd xduonftm;avsmpm jzpfaomaMumifh ,wdjywf ude;ao owfrw rqdyJ f d k f f G f S f k xkoYkd ESpo,f ESpc qdxm;onf[k qdv\/ d f G f k k kd 4-umraZm0Dx aZm ckepfBudrjf zpf&mwGif yXraZmxuf 'kw,aZmu tm;aumif;\? xkYd xuf wwd, d d aZmu tm;aumif;\? xdYk xuf pwkwaZmu tm;aumif;\? yOaZmonftm;avsmhom;\? xdYk atmuf q|aZmfonf G tm;avsmh\? xdYk atmuf owraZmonf tm;avsmh tSet[kef ukeom;\? xkYd aMumifh xdowraZmaemif d f f G k b0ifpwom jzpfom;avonf/ xkenf;twlyif tyempsmef0xvnf; pwkw umraZmwdiatmif tpOftwdi; d f G d D d k f k f tSet[kef wd;wufvmcJ\? yOrtBudr tm;avsmaeus jzpfaomfvnf; umraZmxuf tm;aumif;aom d f k h f h tyempsmefaZm jzpfaomaMumifh tm;ravsmyJ tm;taumif;qH;jzpf\? xkoYkd yOtBudr tyemrjzpfao;yJ h k d f umraZmom jzpfygrl xdyOtBudruyif tm;avsmvmcJNh yDjzpfaomaMumifh xdyOraZmaemif aZmt[ketm;avsmvsuf k f h k f h usqif;oGm;aomaMumifh tyemaZm rjzpfEi?f b0ifpwjf zpf&ef tvSnom jzpfawmhonf[k qdv\/ kd d hf k kd

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

261

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1-tzGitydwf aumfrmtwGi;Saom ]]umrwkYd ruif;qdw omvQif .... yXrpsmefukd jynfpapvsuf hf f d S f h kH ae\}} [laom pum;&yfonf bk&m;a[mygVdrS xkwaqmif jyxm;aom pum;jzpfonf/ xkYd aMumifh xdpum;&yfukd f k aemuf zGijhf yoGm;vdrrnf/ hf 2-0daooe oH;yk'ukd yXrpsmef - [laomyk'Eihf pyfyg/ k f f S

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1-yk'jf zifh umrwkYd rS - [laomyk'ukd zGijhf yonf/ xkYd aMumifh ,if;yk'ukd jrefrmjyef&m ]](0wKumr f f udavom) umrwdYk r}S }[k jznfpr jyefxm;onf/ h G f 2-uif;uGmomvQif paom oH;yk'jf zifh uif;qdwomvQif - [laom yk'ukd tqifqifzijhf yonf/ k f f h h G

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1-xdpum;&yf ..... wpHwa,muf\ apm'em jzpfvmEdi\-[k pyfyg/ k k k f 2-ed&Ed ed*pEd {awe 0gwd-xGuom;&m xGuom;aMumif; jzpfaomaMumifh ed&P rnf\/ f G f G tb,ft&mwdYk xGuom;ukeoenf;[lrl umrwdYk xGuom;uke\? xkd umrwdYk \ xGuom;&m xGuom;aMumif; f G f f G f f G f G y[me y,f&m y,faMumif;? uif;&m uif;aMumif;onf wE&P rnf\/ xkd umrwkYd \ (ed&P) xGuom;&m d f G xGuom;aMumif;? uif;aysmuf&m uif;aysmufaMumif; jzpfaomaMumifh jzpfaomaMumif-[l zGijhf yxm;aom #Dum f G h ESitnD ed&P-yk'ukd xGuom;&m xGuom;aMumif;-[k jyefonf? ,if; teufuyif y[meH-[k xyf zGijhf y hf f f G f G kd xm;jyefaomaMumifh xGuom;&m xGuom;aMumif;-[lonfrmvnf; uif;aysmuf&m uif;aysmufaMumif;yifjzpfonf/ f G f G S 3-umrear0 ed&PH - umrwkYd \omvQif xGuom;&m xGuom;aMumif; - [lvnf; umrwkYd \ f G f G uif;aysmuf&m uif;aysmufaMumif;[lyif qdv\/ jrefrmpum; tvktm;jzifh umrwkYd rS xGuajrmuf&m k kd d f xGuajrmufaMumif; - [k qdvQif em;vnfv,aomfvnf; ygVd umrmeH-umrwkYd \-[lif;? #Dum umrwkYd u f k G f xGuom;Muonf[if; jyqdxm;aomaMumifh umrwkYd r-[lum; rjyefEiay/ odYk &mwGif umrwdYk rS xGuajrmuf f G l k S kd f f &m xGuajrmufaMumif;-[laom teufukd ]]y&d,m,fwyg;jzifh vJv, jyefonf}}-[k ,lvQium; rqefYusiay/ f S f f f

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0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

262

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1-aS;pum;jzif-[laom jyefqcsuonf aemuf qdvwHaom tvm;wl yk'wYkdEihf wnDwnf; jzpfap&ef h kd f k h f S jyefqcsuf jzpfonf/ yk&aremwd um,0da0aue-[k zGijhf yaom #Dumtvdtm;jzifrl ]]aS;jzpfaom um,0da0u dk d k h jzifh}}-[k jyef&m\/ 2-vnf; #Dumtvdtm;jzifh ]]'kw,jzpfaom pdw0a0ujzif}h }-[k jyef&m\/ k d d

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1-wyg;aom w&m;wdYk onfvnf; tukovf jzpfMuaomfvnf; .... eD0&PwkYd uomvQif a[mawmfrl kd kd (tyfue)\-[k pyfyg/ k f 2-ypeu-ESihf y#dyu-yk'wYdk onf &efoa[m qefYusibufa[mcsn; jzpfMu\? odYk aomfvnf; ypeu D f l f f D y#dyubm0'eawm-yk' tcsi;csi; uGjJ ym;ap&ef ypeu-yk'ukd &efo-[k jyef y#dyu-yk'uqefYusifbuff f f D f l f kd [k jyefxm;onf/ eD0&PwkYd onf psmefeifwYdk \ ypeu-&efojl zpfonf? psmeifxYkdonfvnf; xdk eD0&PwkYd \ d f qefYusibuf jzpfonf? xkYd aMumifh psmeifwYdk\-[laom yk'ukd qefYusibuf jzpfjcif;udk - [l&m jzpfjcif;-[laom f f f yk'wpdwEihf pyfyg/ psmeifwYdk u eD0&PwkYd \ qefYusibuf jzpfjcif;udk jyonf[k qdv\/ f f S f k kd

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263

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0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

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1-tbdnmOf&aom tem*grf ou'g*grf aomwmyef ykxZOf wdYk onfvnf; aumif;uifjzifh oGm;vmEdiMf u k k ao;\? xkYd aMumifh ]]tbdnmOf&olwYkd om oGm;vmEdiMf uonf}}[k qdrS ysHYEYHS jynfpayonf/ odYk aomf xdk trsKd;orD;\ k k h kH rdbwdYk onf okwrjynfpMkH uaomaMumifh xdoYkd ajymqdMk uonfaomfvnf; jzpf&m\? Ou|enf;tm;jzifh tjrwfq; h k kH yk*Kd vfukd jyvd xdoYkd ajymqdMk uonfaomfvnf; jzpf&m\/ k k

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1-xdk yDwdig;yg;wdkYwGif .... ,SOfjcif;odkY a&mufaom yDwdudk .... tvdkSdtyfayonf-[k pyfyg/ 2-wenf; tzGifh ]]ok-aumif;pGm + cg'-c-pm;wwfonf? odYk r[kwf + ce-c-wl;zdwwfonf = okc-aumif;pGm pm;wwfonf? 0g-aumif;pGm wl;zdwwfonf-[k 0pewac: okco'g\ teufukd zGijhf yonf/ ygVd aus;Zl;rsm;aomfvnf; jrefjyefum; aus;Zl;rrsm;vSay/ odYk aomf tjynftpHk odvowYdk twGuf tjynftpHyif h kd l h k jyefxm;onf/

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1-twabm\ trlt&mudk NyD;ap\? twabm\ jzpfjcif;udk NyD;ap\? twabm\ rQwjcif;udk NyD;ap\ - ponfjzifh qufpyf,yg/ l 2-twabmudk apmifaSmufjcif;udk NyD;ap\-[k qdv\/ h k kd 3-ae\-[laom teuf\ ygVd&if;jzpfaom 0d[&wd-[laom tzGicy' 0d-jzwf+[&wd-aqmif\ = hf H k f 0d[&wd-wyg;aom &d,mykx jzpfaom anmif;nm emusijf cif;udk jzwf wyg;wjcm; &d,mykxwYdkjzifh f f ajymif;vJvsuf aqmifonf-[k qdvaMumif; zGijhf yonf/ k kd

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1-pifMu,faom tqif;Saom eDvpaom uodP;udk ok0P-aumif;aom tqif;Sonf[if;? d k f d l rpifMu,faom tqif;Saom eDvpaom uodP;udk 'kAP-raumif;aom tqif;Sdonf[lif; cGJjcm; d k f a[mxm;aom enf;udk qdv\/ ,if; enf;udk ygVd y&dw tyrmPenf;ESihf wGvsuf a[mxm;onf/ k kd J 2-tvGepifMu,faom eDvuodP;paom tqif;uodP;udk tmkH y jzpfaom psmefukd &nf ]]okbaE0 f k f k f t"drawm-wifw,fonf[omvQif ESv;oGi;onf}}-[k a[mawmfr\? xdYk aMumifh xdoYkdaom psmefukd k h l kH f l k okb0darmu[k ac:onf/ 3-tSiyvE0ponf jrufuGuacGEihf Adrom&rif;\ jymom'f ponfwYdk ukd aTjzpfatmif t"d|mefouJoYkd f d d f S d h t"d|mefjcif;udk qdonf/ (#Dum) k

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1-yGg;appOfumv tusKd;udk riJ-rajrmyJ yGg;apaom xdk yk*Kd vfwYdk \ tpGr;jzifh aS;tzGihf pum;oH;&yf h f f k qdcaomaMumifh ,cktcg ]]xdxkd taMumif;jzifvnf; odYk jzefY\}}[k (wzef) jyqdjk yefonf? (jzefY\-[l&m) k hJ k h uodP;udk yGg;ap\-[k qdv\/ tb,fuoYkd ygenf;[k ar;zG,aomaMumifh ]]'dApuKjzifh tqif;udk jrifvaom k f k kd hJ f dS dk wefc;Sionf tmavmuuodP;udk (jzefYo)uJoYkd aywnf;}}[k rdeYf q\/ tu,f txuf tqif;udk jrifvjkd im; kd f k f h kd tH?h txuf tmavmu uodP; (tvif;a&mif)udk jzefY\/ tu,f atmuf tqif;udk jrifvjkd im;th?H atmuf k f tmavmu uodP; (tvif;a&mif)udk jzefY\/ tu,f xuf0ef;usift&yf tqif;udk jrifvjkd im;th?H xuf0ef;usif k f t&yf tmavmu uodP; (tvif;a&mif)udk jzefY\? twlyif a,m*Donf uodP;udk yGg;aponf[aom k f k f l teufukd odtyf\/ (#Dum)

rSwfcsuf
1-pdwjf zifh jzefYvQi-[lonfum; bm0empdwfjzifh tmkHyvQif (-[k qkv\)/ rSeay\? bm0em pdwonf f d kd f f uodP;tmkukd ao;onfjzpfap? BuD;onfjzpfap wcPcsif;-wydieuf tm;vH;udyif ESv;oGi;\? wpdwwydi; k f H f k k kH f f k f udk ESv;oGi;onf r[kway/ (#Dum) kH f f

rSwfcsuf
1-tmeE&,uH-aoonf\ tjcm;rJ i&JoYkd {uefa&mufapwwfaom uH? ,if;wdYk rm (1) trdukd d h S owfjcif;? (2) tzudk owfjcif;? (3) &[Emudk owfjcif;? (4) oufawmfxifm; jrwfpmbk&m;tm; aoG;cJ S G 'Pf&m&atmif yvkyjf cif;? (5) oHCmudk uJapjcif; [laom uHBuD;ig;yg;wkYd yif jzpfonf/ G 2-ObawmAsOf;ESihf y@KufwYdk onf t[dwy#doaEMdS uaomaMumifh 0dygum0&PESihf jynfpowYkd jzpfMu f h kH l jim;aomfvnf; xlajymxufoefaom udavom SMd uaomaMumifh (if;wkYd u) udavom0&PESihf jynfpMkH uonf[k kd h qdayonf/ (#Dum) k 3-'G[wf y#doaE SowYdk tm;vnf; t&d,mr*fukd odjcif; psmefukd &jcif; rSay? xkYd aMumifh xdk 'd[wf d d d l d G d yk*Kd vfwYdk onfvnf; 0dygum0&PESihf jynfpowYkd yif jzpfonf/ (#Dum) h kH l

0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef(yxrwGJ) rSwfcsuf

281

rSwfcsuf
1-trsKd;aumif;om;onfvnf; .... aSmifMuOf ..... yGg;apvsuf ..... vHkYvudk ytyfayonf-[k pyfyg/ 2-ponfwkdYjzifh ..... yGg;apvsuf-[k pyfyg/

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