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1.Development
Definition as per Section 2(7) of MRTP Act : means the carrying out of buildings, engineering, mining or other operations in, or over, or under, land or the making of any material change, in any building or land or in the use of any building or land and includes demolition, reclamation, redevelopment and lay-out and subdivision of any land. Regions State Government may by notification in the Official Gazette , establish any area in the State, by defining its limits, to be a Region. Regions (in Maharashtra)
1) Bombay Metropolitan Region 2) Poona Metropolitan Region 3) Amravati Region 4) Nasik Region 5) Aurangabad-Jalna Region 6) Sangli-Miraj Region 7) Jalgaon-Bhusawal Region B) Regional Planning Boards 1) Chairman : Appointed by State Government 2) Director of Town Planning 3) Not more than 4 members as are members of local authorities 4) Not more than 10 members who in the opinion of State Government have a special knowledge or practical experience of matters relating to town planning , engineering, transport, industry, commerce or agriculture 5) A Town Planning Officer 6) Not more than 4 persons from the two houses of the State Legislature, of which not more than 2 members are appointed from each of the said houses. A vice chairman may be appointed from amongst the members
Regional Plans Regional Board: 1) Survey 2) Prepare an existing-land-use map thereof 3) Prepare Report of surveys 4) Prepare Regional plan and such other documents, maps, etc. Contents of Regional Plan Regional Plan shall indicate the manner in which the Regional Board propose that land in the Region should be used, a) Allocation of land for different uses, general distribution and general locations of land, and the extent to which the land may be used as residential, industrial, agricultural, or for mineral exploitation b) Reservation of areas for open spaces, gardens, recreation, zoological gardens, nature reserves, animal sanctuaries, dairies and health resorts c) Transport and communications, such as roads, highways, railways,waterways, canals and airports, including their development d) Water supply, drainage, sewerage, sewage disposal and other public utilities, amenities and services including electricity and gas e) Reservation of sites for new towns, industrial estates and any other large-scale development or project which is required to be undertaken for proper development of the Region or new town f) Preservation, conservation and development of areas of natural scenery, forest, wildlife, natural resources and landscaping g) Preservation of objects, features, structures or places of historical, natural, architectural or scientific interest and educational value h) Areas required for military and defence purposes i) Prevention of erosion, provision for afforestation, or reforestation, improvement and redevelopment of water front areas, rivers and lakes j) Proposals for irrigation, water supply and hydro-electric works, flood control and prevention of river pollution k) Providing for the relocation of population or industry from over-populated and industrially congested areas, and indicating the density or population or the concentration of industry to be allowed in any areas. Restriction on change of users of land
In exercise of the powers conferred by Environment (Protection) Act 1986, the Central Government declared the coastal stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers and backwaters which are influenced by tidal action upto 500 m from the High Tide Line as Coastal Regulation Zone. Definition of High Tide Line (HTL) For the purpose of the Notification: High Tide Line (HTL) will be defined as the line upto which the highest high tide reaches at spring tides. Activities prohibited in CRZ 1) Setting up new industries and expansion of existing industries 2) Manufacture or handling or storage or disposal of hazardous substances 3) Setting up and expansion of fish-processing units 4) Setting up and expansion of units/mechanisms for disposal of waste and effluents 5) Discharge of untreated wastes and effluents from industries, cities or towns 6) Dumping of city or town waste for the purpose of land filling 7) Dumping of ash or any waste from thermal power stations
All other activities, except those prohibited, will be regulated as under : 1) Following activities will require Environmental clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India : (i) Construction activities related to Defense requirements (jetties, etc.) (ii) Operation construction for Ports, harbors, light houses (iii) Facilities for transport of raw materials , take in water and discharge of treated water for Thermal power plants (iv) All other activities with investment more than Rs. 5 crores 2) (i) Coastal States and Union Territories shall prepare Coastal Zone Management Plans and obtain approval of Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests (ii) Within framework of such approved plans, all development and activities within CRZ shall be regulated by the State Government / Union Territory Classification of Coastal Regulation Zone 1) Category I (CRZ-I) 2) Category II (CRZ II) 3) Category III ( CRZ III) 4) CRZ IV ( Andaman Nicobar Islands) Lakshadweep and small islands Category I ( CRZ I) (i) Areas that are ecologically sensitive and important, such as national parks/marine parks, sanctuaries, reserve forests, wildlife habitats, mangroves, corals/ coral reefs, areas close to breeding ground of fish and other marine life, areas of outstanding natural beauty/historical/heritage areas, areas likely to be inundated due to rise in sea-level consequent upon global warming (ii) Areas between LTL and HTL
CRZ IV Andaman & Nicobar islands (i) (ii) (iii) No new construction of buildings permitted within 200 metres of HTL Buildings between 200 m and 500 metre of HTL shall not have more than 2 floors, total height not more than 9 m Corals and sand from beaches not to be used in construction
CRZ IV Lakshadweep and small islands (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) For permitting construction of buildings, distance from HTL shall be decided depending on the size of islands. Buildings within 500 m of HTL shall not have more than 2 floors, height not more than 9 metres. Corals and sand from beaches not to be used in construction Dredging and underwater blasting in and around coastal formations shall not be permitted
Specific advantages of repeal: 1) Increased supply of land and investment in housing will generate direct and indirect income and employment generation 2) Faster granting of building permissions 3) Large tracts of land can be used for Integrated townships and construction of houses for EWS / LIG 4) Decline in litigation cases
This Act shall not apply to : (a) Any premises belonging to Government or local authority
2) Price factor : Price of House Comparative neighborhoods price Future appreciation in price Mortgage rate Interest rate
4) Locational factors : o o o o o o Nature Distance from Office ( all persons of house) Shops Leisure ( Cinema, sports, etc.) Schools Relatives and friends
5) Consumer socializing factors : o o o o o Broker Housing Developer Opinions of Friends Opinion of Immediate family members Opinion of extended family members
6) Privacy factors : Enough space / separate rooms 7) Security factor : o o o 24 hour patrol, Survelliance cameras, traffic crime
10) Other factors : Nearness to existing residence, future growth, Date of possession, Vastu, etc.
Selection of site location, for residential building o o o o o o o o o o o Neighborhood quality View Nature Distance from Office ( all persons of house) Shops Leisure ( Cinema, sports, etc.) Schools Relatives and friends traffic crime future growth
Checklist for home loans Rate of interest Since amounts are large and the repayment periods are typically very long, the interest component in the total amount to be repaid is quite significant. Calculation of Interest Lending institutions tend to calculate interest payments based on a reducing balance method. Fixed and floating interest rates If the interest rate on the loan is fixed, even if the interest rates in the economy go down you will be locked into the higher rate that was fixed when you took the loan. Processing and administrative charges This is the amount of money charged up-front by the lending institution for processing of the application. Processing and administrative charges This is the amount of money charged up-front by the lending institution for processing of the application. Commitment Fees The commitment charges are levied if you don't withdraw the loan amount for an extended period after the loan has been sanctioned.
Special loans Some companies offer special repayment plans. The conventional loan is the plain vanilla kind where you pay back in equal monthly instalments throughout the tenure of the loan. Balloon Payment is where you repay in equal monthly instalments during the tenure, but then the last instalment is larger than others. Level of Service - As always when dealing with any entity, one should look at the level of customer service they offer.
Housing Finance Institutions HDFC HUDCO ICICI Housing Finance IDBI Housing Dewan Housing LIC Housing Finance
Rental Housing as the predominant option - Factors A large segment of population (EWS, Slum dwellers) cannot afford a house. A large section of the population is mobile or migratory Non-availability of LT housing loans to the low income segment due to lack of credit-worthiness restricts the affordability of home-ownership of this segment The transfer of property is very expensive, tedious and time consuming due to the stamp and registration duties payable Re- transactions attract capital gain, which is taxable in the same way as income. The value of property, if beyond a certain amount, is subject to assessment under wealth tax The ownership of houses are subject to House/Property tax, which is based on an assessment of the rental value, this is highly subjective. The assessment is different for tenant and owned properties Fiscal incentives announced by the government for investments in housing are available only to the organised sector and not to the unorganised. This sector does not access to credit from the banks or to the organised housing activity Fiscal incentives are only available to those who take credit from banks not to those who invest their own savings directly.
Reasons for decline can be attributed to the 1. Rent Control Act 2. Investment in rental housing is neither encouraged by fiscal incentives nor legal framework 3. Affordable rentals in urban areas is high 4. Resulted in degradation of housing and proliferation of slums 5. Increase in Chawls & Kholies in Mumbai, jhuggies in New Delhi Recommendations of NHHP 05National Housing and Habitat Policy For encouraging Rental Housing including building of service apartments, fiscal concessions in the form of imposition of flat rate of10 percent of tax on the income on renting of new properties for first five years and depreciation allowance of 50 percent per year on investment made by employers in housing projects for employees. Adequate housing stock to be created of rental and ownership Private sector would be incentivised to invest a part of their profits for housing needs of the poor. Development Authorities/Private Sector would be advised to earmark 20-25% Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITS) / Real Estate Mutual Funds (REMF) would be recommended to be set up to serve as a mutual fund for real estate development. To encourage HFCs to increase their lending for EWS and LIG categories which involves comparatively higher risk and operational costs, the benefit under Section 36 (1) (viia) of IT Act. as available to banks, public finance institutions etc. may be extended to HFCs. Slum reconstruction programmes for creating a better environment would be encouraged by schemes with cross subsidization. These would be based on the basis of audit of slum areas covering health status, education, sanitation, environment, employment status and income generation.
Major Residential Renting segments Major renting segments are On-the-Move executives typified by the 25-35 yrs., jobs require them to be away from hometowns Outstation Students- in graduate/ postgraduate education. Age group is 15-30 yrs. Urban Migrant population migrants flocking to the city to earn a living who eventually get absorbed into slums
Advantages of rental Individual households are by and large not subjected to financial credit criteria applied to HF. Category of low income earners, informal earners and irregular income earners Upfront costs to the tenant are limited to lease agreement costs and the deposit on the unit, which is refundable at the end of the lease period Individual HHs are not required to invest substantially in housing. Do not require to undertake repairs to the property Mobility is easier in terms of legal obligations of renting Permanent housing stock is created which remains available for new entrants into the housing market Mobilisation of overall mortgage finance and/or subsidies does not need to be organised on an individual household level.
Disadvantages of rental Increased operating costs or provisions made for ongoing unit maintenance, vacancies and escalation incurred by stockholder. These are passed on to the renters The benefits of any residual stock value or resale after the initial funding period do not accrue to the households Tenure is less secure as the landlord can require the tenant to leave The renter cannot make major renovations or upgrades There may be credit risk exposure to the providers of rental housing by way of default by tenants.
The Budgeted method Used to verify that lease values are appropriate It uses the principle that fair rental is based on a percentage of potential returns carried out on leased land In case of agricultural property this could be 25% of the expected gross margin income
Customer Relationship Marketing Enables companies to provide excellent real-time customer service by developing a relationship with each valued customer through the effective use of individual account information. Based on what they know about each customer, companies can customize market offerings, services, programs, messages and media Advantages of CRM Using CRM, a business can 1) Provide better customer service 2) Increase customer revenue 3) Discover new customers 4) Cross-sell / up-sell products more effectively 5) Help Sales staff close deals more effectively 6) Simplify marketing and sales processes 3 phases of CRM How companies improve value of their customer base ?
By excelling at following customer strategies : 1) Reducing rate of customer defection 2) Increasing longevity of the customer relationship 3) Enhancing growth potential of each customer through `share of wallet , cross-selling and upselling 4) Making low-profit customers profitable or terminating them 5) Focusing disproportionate effort on high value customers.
There is a certain value associated with a building or an apartment or a commercial unit in the eyes of every customer Customer forms an expectation of value and acts upon it Whether or not the product lives up to the value expectation affects both satisfaction and repurchasing probability.
Relationship marketing can be defined as a task of creating strong customer loyalty and is very important in the growth of organizations. Essential CRM considerations for Developers CRM systems augment and automate the life-cycle, ultimately to enhance the value of a wellnurtured relationship. In a competitive market of township development CRM plays a crucial role as it is phased-out project and positive word of mouth can generate higher sales for the developer.
4. Think Project and not Product: the benefit of CRM come not only from the product you purchase but also from the implementation plan you follow. 5. Measure Needs to match functionality, complexity, systems and preferred methods of working. Establish a scoring system that make it easy to track the benefits and shortcomings of each product. Include qualitative information in the lists such as customer satisfaction etc.. 6. Define your deployment method: decide whether you prefer to maintain centralised databases or site and/or regional level. 7. Use Consultants Expertise to train: Design different training for different employee skill levels. 8. Evaluate to Evolve: establish and monitor metrics to determine if your buyers satisfaction levels are really increasing. Also include sales performance and contractor efficiency metrics for a comprehensive view of your business.
10. MOFA1963
The Maharashtra Ownership Flats (Regulations of Construction, Sale, Management and Transfer) Act 1963.Extends to the whole of the State of Maharashtra Definitions Flat Means a separate and self-contained set of premises used or intended to be used for residence, or office, or show-room or shop or godown or for carrying on any industry or business and includes a garage, the premises forming part of a building and includes an apartment* Apartment Means any part of the property intended for any type of independent use, including one or more rooms or enclosed spaces located on one or more floors (or part or parts thereof) in a building , intended to be used for residence, office, practice of any profession, or for carrying on any occupation, trade or business or for any other type of independent use and with a direct exit to public street, road or highway or to a common area leading to such street, road or highway ( Even if the provision for sanitary, washing, bathing or other conveniences are common to two or more set of premises, yet the premises shall be deemed to be separate and self-contained.). Difference between flat and Apartment Definition
Promoter means a person (and includes a partnership firm or a body of association of persons), who constructs or causes to be constructed a block or building of flats or apartments for the purpose of selling some or all of them to other persons, or to a company, cooperative society or other association of persons, and includes his assignees; and where the person who builds and the person who sells are different persons, the term includes both.
k) Give on demand true copies of documents* l) Display/keep on site all documents, plans and specifications and permit inspection to persons intending to take or taking one or more flats
True copies of documents to be given: 1) Documents of title relating to the land 2) Certificate by an Advocate that documents are genuine 3) All documents relating to encumbrances, (if any), on such land 4) Plans and specifications 5) List of fixtures, fittings and amenities 6) List of flats with their numbers already taken or agreed to be taken and names and addresses of such parties 7) List of all outgoings k) Display/keep on site all documents, plans and specifications and permit inspection to persons intending to take or taking one or more flats Section 4: Promoter before accepting advance payment or deposit to enter into agreement and agreement to be registered. Amount shall not be more than 20 percent of the sale price
Vision
Promoting inclusive expansion with stability in housing finance market Mission "To harness and promote the market potentials to serve the housing needs of all segments of the population with the focus on low and moderate income housing "
Objectives of NHB NHB has been established to achieve, inter alia, the following objectives To promote a sound, healthy, viable and cost effective housing finance system to cater to all segments of the population and to integrate the housing finance system with the overall financial system. To promote a network of dedicated housing finance institutions to adequately serve various regions and different income groups. To augment resources for the sector and channelise them for housing.
Functions 1) Regulation In terms of the National Housing Bank Act, 1987, National Housing Bank is expected, in the public interest, to regulate the housing finance system of the country to its advantage or to prevent the affairs of any housing finance institution being conducted in a manner detrimental to the interest of the depositors or in a manner prejudicial to the interest of the housing finance institutions. For this, National Housing Bank has been empowered to determine the policy and give directions to the housing finance institutions and their auditors. Besides the regulatory provisions of the National Housing Bank Act, 1987, National Housing Bank has issued the Housing Finance Companies (NHB) Directions, 2001 as also Guidelines for Asset Liability Management System in Housing Finance Companies. These are periodically updated through issue of circulars and notifications. As part of the supervisory process, an entry level regulation is sought to be achieved through a system of registration of housing finance companies. National Housing Bank supervises the sector through a system of on-site and off-site survelliance 2) Financing NHB supports housing finance sector by: Extending refinance to different primary lenders in respect of (i) Eligible housing loans extended by them to individual beneficiaries, (ii) for project loans extended by them to various implementing agencies. Lending directly in respect of projects undertaken by public housing agencies for housing construction and development of housing related infrastructure. Guaranteeing the repayment of principal and payment of interest on bonds issued by Housing Finance Companies. Acting as Special Purpose Vehicle for securitising the housing loan receivables. Functions ( contd.)