ydraulic and Pneumatic Braking System

Hydraulic and Pneumatic.pdf (Size: 83.87 KB / Downloads: 5) Introduction: Hydraulic Brakes This system uses a brake fluid (Preferably ethylene glycol) to transfer the pressure applied by the operator from the controlling unit to the actual brake mechanism, which is usually at or near the wheel of the vehicle. Most vehicles in India prefer to have drum brakes on rear wheels while disk brakes on the front wheels attached to the hydraulic controlling unit

Construction Brake pedal or lever A pushrod (also called an actuating rod) A master cylinder assembly containing a piston assembly (made up of either one or two pistons, a return spring, a series of gaskets/ O-rings and a fluid reservoir) Reinforced hydraulic lines Brake caliper assembly consisting of one or two hollow aluminum or chrome-plated steel pistons (called caliper pistons), a set of thermally conductive brake pads and a rotor (also called a brake disc) or drum attached to an axle The system is filled with a glycol-ether based brake fluid

Important Considerations Hydraulic systems are smaller and less expensive than the air brake systems Hydraulic fluid should be in-compressible. Also the hydraulic system should be air tight such that no vapor is introduced in the system Hydraulic fluid must resist vaporization at high temperatures The fluid that is used should be non-corrosive for the surrounding material Elimination of Brake Fade

Introduction

A Pneumatic Brake employs use of compressed air to execute retardation or stopping motion in the vehicles. Trains, buses and trailers use air-brake systems to overcome the deficit of the hydraulic fluid in car braking systems, which can run out in the event of a leak, leading to unsafe scenarios

Components of the system Air compressor: Pumps the air into storage tanks to be used in the brake system Air compressor governor: Controls the cut-in and cut-out point of the air compressor to maintain a set amount of air in the tank or tanks Air reservoir tanks: Hold compressed air to be used by the braking system Drain valves: Used to drain the air when the vehicle isn't in use Foot valve (brake pedal): When depressed, air is released from the reservoir tanks Brake chambers: Cylindrical container that houses a slack adjuster that moves a diaphragm or cam mechanism Push rod: A steel rod (piston) connecting the brake chamber to the slack adjuster. When depressed, the brakes are released. If extended, the brakes are applied. Slack adjusters: An arm connects the push rod to the brake s-cam to adjust the distance between the brake shoes Brake S-cam: An s-shaped cam that pushes brake shoes apart and against the brake drum Brake shoe: Steel mechanism that causes friction against the brake drum Return spring: A stiff spring connected to each of the brake shoes that returns the shoes to the open position when not spread by the s-cam or diaphragm.