1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

1. What is ASP.Net? It is a framework developed by Microsoft on which we can develop new generation web sites using web forms(aspx), MVC, HTML, Javascript, CSS etc. Its successor of Microsoft Active Server Pages(ASP). Currently there is ASP.NET 4.0, which is used to develop web sites. There are various page extensions provided by Microsoft that are being used for web site development. Eg: aspx, asmx, ascx, ashx, cs, vb, html, xml etc. 2. Whats the use of Response.Output.Write()? We can write formatted output using Response.Output.Write(). 3. In which event of page cycle is the ViewState available? After the Init() and before the Page_Load(). 4. What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect? In Server.Transfer page processing transfers from one page to the other page without making a round-trip back to the clients browser. This provides a faster response with a little less overhead on the server. The clients url history list or current url Server does not update in case of Server.Transfer. Response.Redirect is used to redirect the users browser to another page or site. It performs trip back to the client where the clients browser is redirected to the new page. The users browser history list is updated to reflect the new address. 5. From which base class all Web Forms are inherited? Page class. 6. What are the different validators in ASP.NET? Required field Validator Range Validator Compare Validator Custom Validator Regular expression Validator Summary Validator 7. Which validator control you use if you need to make sure the values in two different controls matched? Compare Validator control. 8. What is ViewState? ViewState is used to retain the state of server-side objects between page post backs. 9. Where the viewstate is stored after the page postback? ViewState is stored in a hidden field on the page at client side. ViewState is transported to the client and back to the server, and is not stored on the server or any other external source. 10. How long the items in ViewState exists? They exist for the life of the current page. 11. What are the different Session state management options available in ASP.NET?

1. In-Process 2. Out-of-Process. In-Process stores the session in memory on the web server. Out-of-Process Session state management stores data in an external server. The external server may be either a SQL Server or a State Server. All objects stored in session are required to be serializable for Outof-Process state management. 12. How you can add an event handler? Using the Attributes property of server side control. e.g. ? 1btnSubmit.Attributes.Add("onMouseOver","JavascriptCode();") 13. What is caching?

Caching is a technique used to increase performance by keeping frequently accessed data or files in memory. The request for a cached file/data will be accessed from cache instead of actual location of that file. 14. What are the different types of caching? ASP.NET has 3 kinds of caching : 1. Output Caching, 2. Fragment Caching, 3. Data Caching. 15. Which type if caching will be used if we want to cache the portion of a page instead of whole page? Fragment Caching: It caches the portion of the page generated by the request. For that, we can create user controls with the below code: ? 1<%@ OutputCache Duration="120" VaryByParam="CategoryID;SelectedID"%> 16. List the events in page life cycle. 1) Page_PreInit 2) Page_Init 3) Page_InitComplete 4) Page_PreLoad 5) Page_Load 6) Page_LoadComplete 7) Page_PreRender 8)Render 17. Can we have a web application running without web.Config file? Yes 18. Is it possible to create web application with both webforms and mvc? Yes. We have to include below mvc assembly references in the web forms application to create hybrid application. System.Web.Mvc System.Web.Razor System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations 19. Can we add code files of different languages in App_Code folder? No. The code files must be in same language to be kept in App_code folder. 20. What is Protected Configuration? It is a feature used to secure connection string information. 21. Write code to send e-mail from an ASP.NET application? 1 MailMessage mailMess = new MailMessage (); 2 mailMess.From = "abc@gmail.com"; 3 mailMess.To = "xyz@gmail.com"; 4 mailMess.Subject = "Test email"; 5 mailMess.Body = "Hi This is a test mail."; 6 SmtpMail.SmtpServer = "localhost"; 7 SmtpMail.Send (mailMess); MailMessage and SmtpMail are classes defined System.Web.Mail namespace. 22. How can we prevent browser from caching an ASPX page? We can SetNoStore on HttpCachePolicy object exposed by the Response objects Cache property: 1Response.Cache.SetNoStore (); 2 Response.Write (DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString ());

23. What is the good practice to implement validations in aspx page? Client-side validation is the best way to validate data of a web page. It reduces the network traffic and saves server resources. 24. What are the event handlers that we can have in Global.asax file? Application Events: Application_Start , Application_End, Application_AcquireRequestState, Application_AuthenticateRequest, Application_AuthorizeRequest, Application_BeginRequest, Application_Disposed, Application_EndRequest, Application_Error, Application_PostRequestHandlerExecute, Application_PreRequestHandlerExecute, Application_PreSendRequestContent, Application_PreSendRequestHeaders, Application_ReleaseRequestState, Application_ResolveRequestCache, Application_UpdateRequestCache Session Events: Session_Start,Session_End 25. Which protocol is used to call a Web service? HTTP Protocol 26. Can we have multiple web config files for an asp.net application? Yes. 27. What is the difference between web config and machine config? Web config file is specific to a web application where as machine config is specific to a machine or server. There can be multiple web config files into an application where as we can have only one machine config file on a server. 28. Explain role based security ? Role Based Security used to implement security based on roles assigned to user groups in the organization. Then we can allow or deny users based on their role in the organization. Windows defines several built-in groups, including Administrators, Users, and Guests. ? 1<AUTHORIZATION>< authorization > 2 < allow roles="Domain_Name\Administrators" / > < !-- Allow Administrators in domain. -- > 3 < deny users="*" / > < !-- Deny anyone else. -- > 4 < /authorization > 29. What is Cross Page Posting? When we click submit button on a web page, the page post the data to the same page. The technique in which we post the data to different pages is called Cross Page posting. This can be achieved by setting POSTBACKURL property of the button that causes the postback. Findcontrol method of PreviousPage can be used to get the posted values on the page to which the page has been posted. 30. How can we apply Themes to an asp.net application? We can specify the theme in web.config file. Below is the code example to apply theme: ? 1<configuration> 2 3<system.web> 4 5<pages theme="Windows7" /> 6 7</system.web> 8 9</configuration> 31: What is RedirectPermanent in ASP.Net?

RedirectPermanent Performs a permanent redirection from the requested URL to the specified URL. Once the redirection is done, it also returns 301 Moved Permanently responses. 32: What is MVC? MVC is a framework used to create web applications. The web application base builds on Model-ViewController pattern which separates the application logic from UI, and the input and events from the user will be controlled by the Controller. 33. Explain the working of passport authentication. First of all it checks passport authentication cookie. If the cookie is not available then the application redirects the user to Passport Sign on page. Passport service authenticates the user details on sign on page and if valid then stores the authenticated cookie on client machine and then redirect the user to requested page 34. What are the advantages of Passport authentication? All the websites can be accessed using single login credentials. So no need to remember login credentials for each web site. Users can maintain his/ her information in a single location. 35. What are the asp.net Security Controls? <asp:Login>: Provides a standard login capability that allows the users to enter their credentials <asp:LoginName>: Allows you to display the name of the logged-in user <asp:LoginStatus>: Displays whether the user is authenticated or not <asp:LoginView>: Provides various login views depending on the selected template <asp:PasswordRecovery>: email the users their lost password 36: How do you register JavaScript for webcontrols ? We can register javascript for controls using <CONTROL -name>Attribtues.Add(scriptname,scripttext) method. 37. In which event are the controls fully loaded? Page load event. 38: what is boxing and unboxing? Boxing is assigning a value type to reference type variable. Unboxing is reverse of boxing ie. Assigning reference type variable to value type variable. 39. Differentiate strong typing and weak typing In strong typing, the data types of variable are checked at compile time. On the other hand, in case of weak typing the variable data types are checked at runtime. In case of strong typing, there is no chance of compilation error. Scripts use weak typing and hence issues arises at runtime. 40. How we can force all the validation controls to run? The Page.Validate() method is used to force all the validation controls to run and to perform validation. 41. List all templates of the Repeater control. ItemTemplate AlternatingltemTemplate SeparatorTemplate HeaderTemplate FooterTemplate 42. List the major built-in objects in ASP.NET? Application Request Response Server Session Context Trace 43. What is the appSettings Section in the web.config file?

The appSettings block in web config file sets the user-defined values for the whole application. For example, in the following code snippet, the specified ConnectionString section is used throughout the project for database connection: ? 1<em><configuration> 2<appSettings> 3<add key="ConnectionString" value="server=local; pwd=password; database=default" /> 4</appSettings></em> 44. Which data type does the RangeValidator control support? The data types supported by the RangeValidator control are Integer, Double, String, Currency, and Date. 45. What is the difference between an HtmlInputCheckBox control and an HtmlInputRadioButton control? In HtmlInputCheckBoxcontrol, multiple item selection is possible whereas in HtmlInputRadioButton controls, we can select only single item from the group of items. 46. Which namespaces are necessary to create a localized application? System.Globalization System.Resources 47. What are the different types of cookies in ASP.NET? Session Cookie Resides on the client machine for a single session until the user does not log out. Persistent Cookie Resides on a users machine for a period specified for its expiry, such as 10 days, one month, and never. 48. What is the file extension of web service? Web services have file extension .asmx.. 49. What are the components of ADO.NET? The components of ADO.Net are Dataset, Data Reader, Data Adaptor, Command, connection. 50. What is the difference between ExecuteScalar and ExecuteNonQuery? ExecuteScalar returns output value where as ExecuteNonQuery does not return any value. ExecuteScalar used for fetching a single value and ExecuteNonQuery used to execute Insert and Update statements.

1. What is C#? C# is an object oriented, type safe and managed language that is compiled by .Net framework to generate Microsoft Intermediate Language. 2. What are the types of comment in C# with examples? Single line Eg: ? 1 //This is a Single line comment ii. Multiple line (/* */) Eg: ? 1/*This is a multiple line comment

2We are in line 2 3Last line of comment*/ iii. XML Comments (///). Eg: ? 1/// &lt;summary&gt; 2/// Set error message for multilingual language. 3/// &lt;/summary&gt; 3. Can multiple catch blocks be executed? No, Multiple catch blocks cant be executed. Once the proper catch code executed, the control is transferred to the finally block and then the code that follows the finally block gets executed. 4. What is the difference between public, static and void? All these are access modifiers in C#. Public declared variables or methods are accessible anywhere in the application. Static declared variables or methods are globally accessible without creating an instance of the class. The compiler stores the address of the method as the entry point and uses this information to begin execution before any objects are created. And Void is a type modifier that states that the method or variable does not return any value. 5. What is an object? An object is an instance of a class through which we access the methods of that class. New keyword is used to create an object. A class that creates an object in memory will contain the information about the methods, variables and behavior of that class. 6. Define Constructors? A constructor is a member function in a class that has the same name as its class. The constructor is automatically invoked whenever an object class is created. It constructs the values of data members while initializing the class. 7. What is Jagged Arrays? The array which has elements of type array is called jagged array. The elements can be of different dimensions and sizes. We can also call jagged array as Array of arrays. 8. What is the difference between ref & out parameters? An argument passed as ref must be initialized before passing to the method whereas out parameter needs not to be initialized before passing to a method. 9. What is the use of using statement in C#? The using block is used to obtain a resource and use it and then automatically dispose of when the execution of block completed. 10. What is serialization? When we want to transport an object through network then we have to convert the object into a stream of bytes. The process of converting an object into a stream of bytes is called Serialization. For an object to be serializable, it should inherit ISerialize Interface. De-serialization is the reverse process of creating an object from a stream of bytes. 11. Can this be used within a static method? We cant use This in a static method because we can only use static variables/methods in a static method. 12. What is difference between constants and read-only?

Constant variables are declared and initialized at compile time. The value cant be changed after wards. Read-only variables will be initialized only from the Static constructor of the class. Read only is used only when we want to assign the value at run time. 13. What is an interface class? Interface is an abstract class which has only public abstract methods and the methods only have the declaration and not the definition. These abstract methods must be implemented in the inherited classes. 14. What are value types and reference types? Value types are stored in the Stack whereas reference types stored on heap. Value types: 1int, enum , byte, decimal, double, float, long Reference Types: string , class, interface, object. 15. What are Custom Control and User Control? Custom Controls are controls generated as compiled code (Dlls), those are easier to use and can be added to toolbox. Developers can drag and drop controls to their web forms. Attributes can be set at design time. We can easily add custom controls to Multiple Applications (If Shared Dlls), If they are private then we can copy to dll to bin directory of web application and then add reference and can use them. User Controls are very much similar to ASP include files, and are easy to create. User controls cant be placed in the toolbox and dragged dropped from it. They have their design and code behind. The file extension for user controls is ascx. 16. What are sealed classes in C#? We create sealed classes when we want to restrict the class to be inherited. Sealed modifier used to prevent derivation from a class. If we forcefully specify a sealed class as base class then a compile-time error occurs. 17. What is method overloading? Method overloading is creating multiple methods with the same name with unique signatures in the same class. When we compile, the compiler uses overload resolution to determine the specific method to be invoke. 18. What is the difference between Array and Arraylist? In an array, we can have items of the same type only. The size of the array is fixed. An arraylist is similar to an array but it doesnt have a fixed size. 19. Can a private virtual method be overridden? No, because they are not accessible outside the class. 20. Describe the accessibility modifier protected internal. Protected Internal variables/methods are accessible within the same assembly and also from the classes that are derived from this parent class. 21. What are the differences between System.String and System.Text.StringBuilder classes? System.String is immutable. When we modify the value of a string variable then a new memory is allocated to the new value and the previous memory allocation released. System.StringBuilder was designed to have concept of a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed without allocation separate memory location for the modified string. 22. Whats the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone() ? Using Clone() method, we creates a new array object containing all the elements in the original array and using CopyTo() method, all the elements of existing array copies into another existing array. Both the methods perform a shallow copy. 23. How can we sort the elements of the array in descending order? Using Sort() methods followed by Reverse() method. 24. Write down the C# syntax to catch exception?

To catch an exception, we use try catch blocks. Catch block can have parameter of system.Exception type. Eg: ? try { GetAllData(); } catch(Exception ex) { } In the above example, we can omit the parameter from catch statement. 25. Whats the difference between an interface and abstract class? Interfaces have all the methods having only declaration but no definition. In an abstract class, we can have some concrete methods. In an interface class, all the methods are public. An abstract class may have private methods. 26. What is the difference between Finalize() and Dispose() methods? Dispose() is called when we want for an object to release any unmanaged resources with them. On the other hand Finalize() is used for the same purpose but it doesnt assure the garbage collection of an object. 27. What are circular references? Circular reference is situation in which two or more resources are interdependent on each other causes the lock condition and make the resources unusable. 28. What are generics in C#.NET? Generics are used to make reusable code classes to decrease the code redundancy, increase type safety and performance. Using generics, we can create collection classes. To create generic collection, System.Collections.Generic namespace should be used instead of classes such as ArrayList in the System.Collections namespace. Generics promotes the usage of parameterized types. 29. What is an object pool in .NET? An object pool is a container having objects ready to be used. It tracks the object that is currently in use, total number of objects in the pool. This reduces the overhead of creating and re-creating objects. 30. List down the commonly used types of exceptions in .Net? ArgumentException, ArgumentNullException , ArgumentOutOfRangeException, ArithmeticException, DivideByZeroException ,OverflowException , IndexOutOfRangeException ,InvalidCastException ,InvalidOperationException , IOEndOfStreamException , NullReferenceException , OutOfMemoryException , StackOverflowException etc. 31. What are Custom Exceptions? Sometimes there are some errors that need to be handeled as per user requirements. Custom exceptions are used for them and are used defined exceptions. 32. What are delegates? Delegates are same are function pointers in C++ but the only difference is that they are type safe unlike function pointers. Delegates are required because they can be used to write much more generic type safe functions.

33. How do you inherit a class into other class in C#? Colon is used as inheritance operator in C#. Just place a colon and then the class name. ? 1public class DerivedClass : BaseClass 34. What is the base class in .net from which all the classes are derived from? ? 1System.Object 35. What is the difference between method overriding and method overloading? In method overriding, we change the method definition in the derived class that changes the method behavior. Method overloading is creating a method with the same name within the same class having different signatures. 36. What are the different ways a method can be overloaded? Methods can be overloaded using different data types for parameter, different order of parameters, and different number of parameters. 37. Why cant you specify the accessibility modifier for methods inside the interface? In an interface, we have virtual methods that do not have method definition. All the methods are there to be overridden in the derived class. Thats why they all are public. 38. How can we set class to be inherited, but prevent the method from being over-ridden? Declare the class as public and make the method sealed to prevent it from being overridden. 39. What happens if the inherited interfaces have conflicting method names? Implement is up to you as the method is inside your own class. There might be problem when the methods from different interfaces expect different data, but as far as compiler cares youre okay. 40. What is the difference between a Struct and a Class? Structs are value-type variables and classes are reference types. Structs stored on the stack, causes additional overhead but faster retrieval. Structs cannot be inherited. 41. How to use nullable types in .Net? Value types can take either their normal values or a null value. Such types are called nullable types. ? 1Int? someID = null; 2If(someID.HasVAlue) 3{ 4} 42. How we can create an array with non-default values? We can create an array with non-default values using Enumerable.Repeat. 43. What is difference between is and as operators in c#? is operator is used to check the compatibility of an object with a given type and it returns the result as Boolean. as operator is used for casting of object to a type or a class. 44. Whats a multicast delegate? A delegate having multiple handlers assigned to it is called multicast delegate. Each handler is assigned to a method.

45. What are indexers in C# .NET? Indexers are known as smart arrays in C#. It allows the instances of a class to be indexed in the same way as array. Eg: ? 1public int this[int index] // Indexer declaration 46. What is difference between the throw and throw ex in .NET? Throw statement preserves original error stack whereas throw ex have the stack trace from their throw point. It is always advised to use throw because it provides more accurate error information. 47. What are C# attributes and its significance? C# provides developers a way to define declarative tags on certain entities eg. Class, method etc. are called attributes. The attributes information can be retrieved at runtime using Reflection. 48. How to implement singleton design pattern in C#? In singleton pattern, a class can only have one instance and provides access point to it globally. Eg: ? 1Public sealed class Singleton 2{ 3Private static readonly Singleton _instance = new Singleton(); 4} 49. What is the difference between directcast and ctype? DirectCast is used to convert the type of an object that requires the run-time type to be the same as the specified type in DirectCast. Ctype is used for conversion where the conversion is defined between the expression and the type. 50. Is C# code is managed or unmanaged code? C# is managed code because Common language runtime can compile C# code to Intermediate language.

1. Whats an assembly? Assemblies are the building blocks of .NET Framework applications; they form the fundamental unit of deployment, version control, reuse, activation scoping, and security permissions. An assembly is a collection of types and resources that are built to work together and form a logical unit of functionality. An assembly provides the common language runtime with the information it needs to be aware of type implementations. To the runtime, a type does not exist outside the context of an assembly. 2. Describe the difference between inline and code behind which is best in a loosely coupled solution?ASP.NET supports two modes of page development: Page logic code that is written inside <script runat=server> blocks within an .aspx file and dynamically compiled the first time the page is requested on the server. Page logic code that is written within an external class that is compiled prior to deployment on a server and linked behind the .aspx file at run time. 3. Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for one? A DiffGram is an XML format that is used to identify current and original versions of data elements. The DataSet uses the DiffGram format to load and persist its contents, and to serialize its contents for transport across a network connection. When a DataSet is written as a

DiffGram, it populates the DiffGram with all the necessary information to accurately recreate the contents, though not the schema, of the DataSet, including column values from both the Original and Current row versions, row error information, and row order. 4. Where would you use an iHTTPModule, and what are the limitations of anyapproach you might take in implementing one? One of ASP.NETs most useful features is the extensibility of the HTTP pipeline, the path that data takes between client and server. You can use them to extend your ASP.NET applications by adding pre- and post-processing to each HTTP request coming into your application. For example, if you wanted custom authentication facilities for your application, the best technique would be to intercept the request when it comes in and process the request in a custom HTTP module. 5. In what order do the events of an ASPX page execute. As a developer is it important to undertsand these events? Every Page object (which your .aspx page is) has nine events, most of which you will not have to worry about in your day to day dealings with ASP.NET. The three that you will deal with the most are: Page_Init, Page_Load, Page_PreRender. 6. Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated dataset with data?

System.Data.Common.DataAdapter.Fill(System.Data.DataSet); If my DataAdapter is sqlDataAdapter and my DataSet is dsUsers then it is called this way: sqlDataAdapter.Fill(dsUsers); 7. Which template must you provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control? ItemTemplate 8. How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater control? AlternatingItemTemplate Like the ItemTemplate element, but rendered for every other row (alternating items) in the Repeater control. You can specify a different appearance 9. for the AlternatingItemTemplate element by setting its style properties. What property must you set, and what method must you call in your code, in order to bind the data from some data source to the Repeater control? You must set the DataMember property which Gets or sets the specific table in the DataSource to bind to the control and the DataBind method to bind data from a source to a server control. This method is commonly used after retrieving a data set through a database query. 10. What base class do all Web Forms inherit from? System.Web.UI.Page 11. What method do you use to explicitly kill a users session? The Abandon method destroys all the objects stored in a Session object and releases their resources. If you do not call the Abandon method explicitly, the server destroys these objects when the session times out. Syntax: Session.Abandon 12. How do you turn off cookies for one page in your site? Use the Cookie.Discard Property which Gets or sets the discard flag set by the server. When true, this property instructs the client application not to save the Cookie on the users hard disk when a session ends. 13. Which two properties are on every validation control? ControlToValidate & ErrorMessage properties 14. How do you create a permanent cookie? Setting the Expires property to MinValue means that the Cookie never expires. 15. Which method do you use to redirect the user to another page without performing a round trip to the client? Server.transfer()

16. What is the transport protocol you use to call a Web service? SOAP. Transport Protocols: It is essential for the acceptance of Web Services that they are based on established Internet infrastructure. This in fact imposes the usage of of the HTTP, SMTP and FTP protocols based on the TCP/IP family of transports. Messaging Protocol: The format of messages exchanged between Web Services clients and Web Services should be vendor neutral and should not carry details about the technology used to implement the service. Also, the message format should allow for extensions and different bindings to specific transport protocols. SOAP and ebXML Transport are specifications which fulfill these requirements. We expect that the W3C XML Protocol Working Group defines a successor standard. 17. True or False: A Web service can only be written in .NET. False. 18. What does WSDL stand for? Web Services Description Language 19. What property do you have to set to tell the grid which page to go to when using the Pager object? 20. Where on the Internet would you look for Web services? UDDI repositaries like uddi.microsoft.com, IBM UDDI node, UDDI Registries in Google Directory, enthusiast sites like XMethods.net. 21. What tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind columns manually? Column tag and an ASP:databound tag. 22. How is a property designated as read-only? In VB.NET: Public ReadOnly Property PropertyName As ReturnType Get End Get End Property in C# public returntype PropertyName { get{ //property implementation goes here } // Do not write the set implementation } 23. Which control would you use if you needed to make sure the values in two different controls matched?Use the CompareValidator control to compare the values of 2 different controls. 24. True or False: To test a Web service you must create a windows application or Web application to consume this service? False. How many classes can a single .NET DLL contain? Unlimited Your Property Implementation goes in here