DPP B4

Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi MARA Pasir Mas, Kelantan.

INFORMATION SHEET
COURSE : SESSION : CODE/SUBJECT : LECTURER : TOPIC : DTEI JAN JUNE / JULY - DEC SEMESTER : 4 IS 02 04, 05 & 06 DFT 4322 ELECTRONIC SHEET NO : SOFTWARE APPLICATION MS. NORSYURIATIE ABD AZIZ
2. 2.1 2.2 2.3

WEEK :

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD) Introduction to CAD Electronic Circuit Design Software Circuit Simulation

SUB-TOPIC :

At the end of the lesson, students will be able to : 1. Explain about CAD. LEARNING OUTCOME : 2. Identify hardware for specific CAD system. 3. Identify CAD software that suit for certain task. 4. Explain and draw the signal wave inside system. 5. Apply software Multisim to produce Printed Circuit Board.

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CONTENT TOPIC 2 : COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD)

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO CAD

CAD refers to computer-aided design, which is a creative design process that is done using a computer system. Its software, the CAD design program, is widely used by professionals in the design field that requires much precise technical drawings. Previously the CAD systems could only function on specific computers, but now they are able to function in any computer that has the suitable components connected to it. Computers with CAD typically need a high-quality graphics card, a reliable mouse, and a drawing tablet. For better results, a plotter can be used with the computer. Most of the CAD design programs are expensive, but some cheap or free ones are also available. The cheaper alternatives, of course, come with some disadvantages, such as incomplete tools or drawing functions. For professionals, such tools can be a crucial component for the success of their job and business, which is why they would invest in the original program. CAD tools are useful throughout the engineering design process, and they benefit simple logic designs and complex system designs alike. In the early stages of a design, CAD tools allow designers to capture circuit definitions on a computer using any one of several different entry modes. Some text-based modes, such as those using a Hardware Definition Language or HDL editor, allow highly behavioral descriptions. Other picture-based modes, such as those using a schematic editor, require highly structural designs. Any given circuit can be entered in most any mode, but significant differences exist. For example, a schematic description that shows all components and interconnections can take significant effort to create, but it yields a description that can be accurately simulated and directly implemented. A behavioral HDL definition can be quickly entered, but since it contains no information about the structure of a circuit, it must be transformed to a structural representation before a circuit can be implemented. Much of the work in generating a structural description lies in drawing a circuit, and not in defining a circuit to meet a given need (i.e., its one thing to sketch a house to meet a familys needs, but another thing to actually build it). Likewise, transforming a behavioral circuit description to a structural description can require significant work, and this work may not add significant value to the ultimate solution. A class of computer programs called synthesizers can perform this work, thereby freeing design engineers to focus on other design tasks. Although synthesizers use rules and assumptions that allow for a wide range of behavioral definitions, several studies have shown that they are nevertheless able to produce structural descriptions that are better than most engineers can

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produce.

CAD tools allow designers to capture circuits in a convenient manner, using highly evolved tools that significantly reduce labor. They allow captured circuits to be simulated and thoroughly studied before they are actually constructed. They also allow a circuit definition to be implemented in a given technology, so that engineers can readily interact with their virtual designs in real hardware. Circuits captured in CAD tools are easily stored, transported, and modified. HDL definitions are largely CAD-tool and hardware platform independent, so that designers can change computing and software platforms. All of these reasons clearly show why CAD tools are used in virtually every new design. But of all of these obvious advantages, one overriding advantage exists: CAD-designed circuits can be simulated. Of all computer-based applications ever developed, it is safe to say that none are more important than circuit simulators. 2.1.1 Circuit Simulator

Constructing circuits from discrete components can be somewhat time consuming, and often of limited value in providing insight into circuit performance. Yet it is difficult to gain confidence in a circuits performance without actually testing and measuring its various characteristics. With the advent of modern computers, engineers realized that they could define a virtual copy of a circuit in the form of a computer program, and then use that virtual definition to simulate a circuits performance without actually building it. Simulators allow engineers to experiment with a circuit design, and challenge it with a wide array of inputs and operating assumptions before undertaking the job of actually building it. Further, complex circuits like modern microprocessors use far too many components to assemble into a prototype circuit they simply could not have been built without the heavy use of simulators. Simulators need two kinds of input a description of the virtual circuit that includes all of the gates (or other components) and interconnections, and stimulus input describing how the circuits inputs are to be driven over time. The virtual circuit is entered in to the computer in the form of a circuit definition language. Several such languages are currently in use, and they may be divided into two major groups: the netlist languages (most popular is the edif format); and the hardware definition languages, or HDLs (VHDL and Verilog are the most popular). For several decades, netlists have been the predominant form of circuit description, but lately, HDLs are being used more and more. In this lab, we'll look at netlists and the tools used to create, simulate, and download them to programmable devices. 2.2 MULTISM Multisim is a complete system design tool that offers a very large component database, schematic entry, full analog/digital SPICE simulation, VHDL/Verilog HDL design entry and simulation, FPGA/CPLD synthesis, RF

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capabilities, Postprocessing features and seamless transfer to PCB layout packages such as ULtiboard from Electronic Workbench. It offers a single, easyto-use graphical interface for all your design needs.

Multisim provides all the advanced functionality you need to take designs from specification to production, and because the program tightly integrates schematic capture, simulation and programmable logic, you can design with confidence, knowing that you are free from the integration issues that often arise when exchanging data between applications from diffent vendors. a) Schematic capture

Schematic capture is the first stage in developing circuit. In this stage designer have to choose the components want to use, place them on the circuit window in the desired position and orientation, wire them together and otherwise prepare your design. Multisim also allow designer to modify components properties, orient circuit on the grid, add text and a title block, add sub circuits and buses and control the color of the circuit window background, component and wires. Multisim lets designer set up the circuit window to match your design requirements. In particulat designer can set: Sheet size Whether or not the grid, page bounds, page borders an title block are visible. The symbol set (ANSI or DIN) designer want to use Color scheme for background, component, wiring and text. Fonts for names and values of components, pin and nodes.

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DPP B4 Figure 1: Multisim Window

Menu

Component toolbar

Multisim Design Bar

In Use List Simulate Switch

System toolbar

Circuit window Instruments toolbar

Figure 2: Basic Elements

Menus are, where designer find commands for commonly performed

functions.

System toolbar contains button for commonly performed functions. In Use list, lists all the components used in the current circuit, for easy

re-use.

Components toolbars contain Part Bin button that let you open

component family toolbar (which, in turn, contain buttons for each family of components in the Parts Bin)
Circuit window is where you build your circuit designs.

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2.3 Starting Circuit File. Selecting Components from the Database

The first step in schematic capture is placing the appropriate components on your circuit window Multisim components are stored in three databases: Multism Master, Corporate Library and User. There are two methods of Locating components in a database: Through either the component toolbars or Place/Place Component, you can browse through the component groups/families. By searching a specific component group/family of the database.

The first of these choices is used most commonly. The families of componentsdesigner need to create circuit are grouped into logical divisions, each grouping represented by a Part Bin button on the Component toolbar. This logical grouping is a key advantage of Multisim, saving designer time and frustration. Designer can toggle the Component toolbar on and off by clicking Components button the Design bar. Each Parts Bin Button on the Component toolbar corresponds to a group of components with similar functionality. Placing designer cursor over one of these button and clicking opens the corresponding Parts Bin containing a button for each component family. The behavior of the Component toolbar and its Parts Bin is affected by designer circuits preferences. Wiring Components.

Once designer have placed components on the circuit window, designer will want to wire them together. All components have pins that designer can use to wire them to other components or instruments. Designer can choose to wire components either automatically or manually. Automatic wiring, a feature unique to Multisim finds the path for wires. Designer can easily combine these methods for single connection, for example by starting with manual wiring and then switching to automatic.

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b) Managing the Database. Structure of the component Database

The Multisim component database is designed to hold the information necessary to precisely describe any component. It contains all the details neede fro schematic capture (symbols), simulation (model), PCB layout (footprint), as well as other electrical information. The power of the Multisim database comes from its structure: multiple levels, well-organized component groupings and detailed information fields. Databases Components are stored in three different database: 1. The Multisim Master database stores the components as originally designer by Electronics Workbench and shipped with Multisim 2. The Corporate Library database (available only for users with the Project/Team design module) stores components selected and possibly modified or created by an individual user, these remain available to any other selected users. 3. The User database stores components modified, imported or created by designer; theseavailable only for designer.

REFERENCE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Mastering CAD/CAM with Engineering Subscription Ibrahim Zeid Mc Grawhill Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB for engineering Steven Chopra Mc Grawhill I-Deas Student Guide EDS Mc Grawhill Mechanical Engineering Design Richard Budy Mc Grawhill Autodesk Inventor CP James Leake Mc Grawhill

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