Homework 2.

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1. For any tensor S, show that, ( ) 2. Gurtin 2.6.1 3. Show that that if the tensor is invertible, for any vector , automatically means that . 4. Show that if the vectors and are independent and is invertible, then the vectors and are also independent. ( ) )( ) 5. Show that and that ( 6. Gurtin 2.9.1 7. Gurtin 2.9.2 8. Gurtin 2.9.4 9. Gurtin 2.11.3 10.Gurtin 2.11.4 11.Gurtin 2.11.5 12.Gurtin 2.11.6 13.Gurtin 2.12.1 14.Gurtin 2.12.3 15.Gurtin 2.13.1 16.Gurtin 2.14.1 17.Gurtin 2.14.2 18.Gurtin 2.14.3 19.Gurtin 2.14.4 20.Gurtin 2.14.5

1. The easiest proof is to observe that

Consequently, ( ) ( )

is the identity tensor. .

Alternatively, a longer route is to obtain the components of this result on the base. Recall that this is simply the inner product of this with the dual of the base: ,( ) -: ( ) tr{,( ) -( )} tr{[( ) ] } tr[( ) ]

Consequently, we may express ( ) ( )

in component form as, . )( )

2. The tensor (
Similarly, ( ) Clearly,

and ( )

( )( )( ) ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ) ( ( ( ) , ( + ( )

)(

) ) ( ) -

3. First note that if the tensor

is invertible, for any vector ,

automatically means that . The proof is easy and all we need to do is to contract with a tensor inverse of :

as required.

4 Next we can show that if the vectors

and

are independent vectors and

is invertible, then the vectors and are also independent. We provide a reduction ad absurdum proof of this assertion: Imagine that our conditions are satisfied, and yet and are not independent. This would mean that and not all of which are zero such that, + +

This means that, ( + + ) must now necessarily vanish since is and are not independent. This

where, in this case, + + invertible. Obviously, this shows that contradicts our premise!

In a similar way, we may prove that the independence of the vectors implies the independence of vectors and .

and

5. We show immediately that (

( )( ) ( ( We show that ( ( )(

)(

by writing one

covariantly and the other in contravariant components: ( )

) ) ) ( )( )

On account of the symmetry and antisymmetry in

and

6. Multiplying the two tensors, we find,

( + ), ( + ( + ( + ) )( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( + ) ( ( + ) ( )+( )+( ) )

( (

)*( + ) +( + ) ++( )( + ) ( + ) + ( )

And since this product gives the identity, the two tensors are inverses of each other.

7. As before, the product,

( + ), ( + ) ( + ( + ) ( ( + ) , + + ( ))+ )+( )( )-

)( ) We show immediately that ( covariantly and the other in contravariant components: ( )( ) ( ( We show that ( ( ) ) ) ( )( )( ( )

by writing one

On account of the symmetry and antisymmetry in

and ) which is

We also note that the above expression is the same as ( obviously zero. An easier proof comes from allowing the tensor ( ) ( )

. Observe that,

( We therefore have that, ( + ),

( + ) ( )+ ( + ) ( )+ + ( + ) , ( )+( )( )( + ) , -+ ( ) + ( + ) , ( )+ ( + ) , )+ ( )+ +( -+ ( ) ( + ) ,( )+ ( )- + ( ) ( + ) ( ), + - + ( )

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( But tr( ( ) tr( ) ) ) ( ) tr( ) tr . We may therefore write that, ( tr ) ,(tr ) ( tr )