Platform and Pipeline Operating Philosophy Gaseous Phase Operation

KCP-GNS-PCD-DPR-0005 Revision: 03 Project Title: Document Title: Kingsnorth Carbon Capture & Storage Project Page 1 of 20
Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Contents
1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Abbreviations........................................................................................................................... 3 2. Description of the Pipeline and CO2 Injection Facilities ................................................................... 4 2.1. CO2 Pipeline ............................................................................................................................ 4 2.2. Offshore CO2 Injection Platform .............................................................................................. 5 2.2.1. Arrival Facilities ............................................................................................................... 5 2.2.2. CO2 Filtration ................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.3. Leak Detection Metering ................................................................................................. 6 2.2.4. Manifolds ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.5. CO2 Heating and Injection Facilities ................................................................................ 7 2.2.6. Wellheads ........................................................................................................................ 7 2.2.7. Well Annulus Management ............................................................................................. 9 2.2.8. Seawater System ............................................................................................................ 9 2.2.9. CO2 Vent System .......................................................................................................... 10 2.2.10. Hydrate Inhibitor Injection Package .............................................................................. 10 2.2.11. Typical Operating Conditions ........................................................................................ 10 3. System Operating Requirements................................................................................................... 11 3.1. Initial Start-up ........................................................................................................................ 11 3.2. Depressurised Start-up ......................................................................................................... 12 3.2.1. CO2 Pipeline .................................................................................................................. 12 3.2.2. Offshore Facilities.......................................................................................................... 12 3.3. Pressurised Start-up ............................................................................................................. 13 3.3.1. CO2 Pipeline .................................................................................................................. 13 3.3.2. Offshore Facilities.......................................................................................................... 13 3.4. Pressurised Pipeline / Depressurised Offshore Facilities Start-up ....................................... 14 3.4.1. CO2 Pipeline .................................................................................................................. 14 3.4.2. Offshore Facilities.......................................................................................................... 14 3.5. Normal Operation .................................................................................................................. 14 3.6. Turndown Operation ............................................................................................................. 15 3.6.1. Short Term Zero Flow Operation .................................................................................. 15 3.7. System Depressurisation ...................................................................................................... 15 3.7.1. CO2 Pipeline .................................................................................................................. 15 3.7.2. Offshore Platform .......................................................................................................... 16 3.8. Offshore Utilities .................................................................................................................... 16 3.8.1. Critical Utilities ............................................................................................................... 16 3.8.2. Non Critical Utilities ....................................................................................................... 16 3.9. Pigging Operations ................................................................................................................ 18 3.9.1. Onshore Pig Launcher .................................................................................................. 18 3.9.2. Offshore Pig Receiver ................................................................................................... 19 4. Supporting References .................................................................................................................. 20
Kingsnorth CCS De monstration Pro ject The information contained in this document (the Infor ma tion) is provided in good faith. E.ON UK plc, its subcontractors, sub sidiaries, affiliates, employees, advisers, and the Depart ment of Energy a nd Climate Change (DECC) make no representation or warranty a s to the accuracy, reliability or co mpleteness of the Infor mation and neither E.ON UK plc nor any of its subcontractors, subsidiaries, affiliates, e mployees, advisers or DECC sh all have any liability whatsoever for any direct or indirect loss howsoe ver arising from the use of the Infor mation by any party.
TABLE OF HOLDS
HOLD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Description Onshore custody transfer metering philosophy Leak detection metering philosophy Facilities required for well kill operations Deleted Well annulus management (Applies to entire section) Deleted Minimum allowable concentration of CO2 to be injected into wells Use of nitrogen as a pressurisation medium Shutdown actions on loss of communications Shutdown actions on loss of power Operating requirements for the nitrogen quad Type / operation of the seawater filters Purging requirement for pig launcher / receiver
Section 2.1 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.7 3.1 3.4.2 3.8 3.8 3.8.2.2 3.8.2.3 3.9
1. Introduction
E.ON UK are considering investment in a new state of the art, coal fired power plant at Kingsnorth. The CO2 that this new plant produces is intended to be captured in the depleted Hewett reservoir, which is approximately 40 km East of Bacton, and approximately 270 km from Kingsnorth. The broad concept has been selected: CO2 will be captured from the flue gas at the proposed E.ON coal fired power plant located at Kingsnorth. The captured CO2 will be compressed and dried at a new onshore plant at Kingsnorth before being transported in a new pipeline to a new offshore platform, which is located at the Hewett reservoir. The offshore platform will be a Normally Unmanned Installation (NUI) and will be remotely operated from Kingsnorth. The aim of this document is to present the overall system description and operating philosophy for the pipeline and CO2 Injection platform for the gaseous phase of the operation only. This philosophy should not be confused with the Whole CCS System Operating Philosophy Covering Steady State & Transient Operation Flow Assurance (Ref [S1]). The Whole CCS System Operating Philosophy Covering Steady State & Transient Operation Flow Assurance document describes the operating conditions (end to end) at the various operating scenarios i.e. steady state and transient operations and makes recommendations on the operation of the system. The Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy states how the platform and pipeline system should be operated for the various scenarios during the demonstration phase. 1.1. Abbreviations Within this document, the following abbreviations are used: CITHP ESD FO FTHP HPU NUI O.D. P&IDs PCV PFD RTTM t/d Closed In Tubing Head Pressure Emergency Shut Down Flow Orifice Flowing Tubing Head Pressure Hydraulic Power Unit Normally Unmanned Installation Outside Diameter Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Pressure Control Valve Process Flow Diagram Real-Time Transient Modelling Tonnes per day
2. Description of the Pipeline and CO2 Injection Facilities

Only the operation of the pipeline and platform (including the onshore metering facilities) is covered in this document. The operating philosophy of the onshore facilities (capture plant, dehydration and compression) will be defined by E.ON/Foster Wheeler/MHI. The schematic of the pipeline system is shown in Figure 2-1. Figure 2-1 System Schematic
2.1. CO2 Pipeline The compressed and dried CO2 from the onshore carbon capture plant will be metered up to custody transfer / fiscal metering standard prior to entry into the 36 O.D. pipeline. The onshore metering facilities will consist of 3 x 50% metering streams (HOLD 1). The metering facilities will have a design pressure of 150 barg and with a design temperature range of minus 85 to 70C. Each individual metering stream can be isolated from the carbon capture plant and CO2 pipeline and can be manually depressurised using the capture plant vent system. Permanent pigging facilities for the CO2 pipeline will also be present at Kingsnorth. The pigging facilities will allow the CO2 pipeline to be pigged during commissioning and for intelligent pigging runs during the operational life of the pipeline. The onshore pigging facilities will have a design pressure of 150 barg and with a design temperature range of minus 85 to 70C. The 36 CO2 pipeline on leaving the Kingsnorth site will run underground for c. 7.8 km to the landfall valve station. The onshore pipeline will be uninsulated except for pipeline protection. The landfall valve station is located directly north of Kingsnorth, near the St Marys Marshes. The onshore section of the pipeline is isolatable from both the carbon capture facilities and the offshore pipeline by ESD valves located at the pigging facilities and landfall valve station. The onshore section of the pipeline can be depressurised by back-flowing to the pigging facilities where the CO2 can be routed to the

1
carbon capture plant vent system . The onshore pipeline will have a design pressure of 150 barg and with a design temperature range of minus 85 to 70C. The landfall valve station is where the onshore and offshore pipeline sections meet. A 36 full bore ESD valve will isolate the two sections. A bypass line around the 36 landfall ESD valve consisting of an ESD valve and manual valve will allow the pressure in the two sections to be equalised following closure of the 36 landfall ESD valve. There will also be the facility to tie in an additional pipeline downstream of the 36 ESD valve that will allow other CO2 producers to utilise the Hewett offshore CO2 injection facilities. Any new tie in to the pipeline will require its own ESD valve to isolate it from the offshore pipeline. This arrangement will preclude through pigging from the future additional pipeline to the Hewett offshore facilities. Pigging of any future additional pipeline will only be as far as the onshore valve station. The landfall valve station will have a design pressure of 150 barg and with a design temperature range of minus 85 to 70C. The 36 offshore pipeline will run c. 270 km from the shoreline to the Hewett field. The offshore pipeline will be uninsulated except for pipeline protection and weighting purposes. The offshore pipeline will have a design pressure of 150 barg. The offshore pipeline will have design temperature range of minus 85 to 70C for the first 20 km from Kingsnorth then changing to a design temperature range of minus 85 to 50C for the remainder of its length. The range of normal operating pressures at the Kingsnorth pipeline entry is predicted to be 26.9 barg to 34.9 barg at the base case flowrate of 6,600 t/d during the gaseous phase of operating the pipeline system. 2.2. Offshore CO2 Injection Platform 2.2.1. Arrival Facilities The 36 O.D. CO2 pipeline from Kingsnorth will tie into the base of the 36 riser at the Hewett CO2 injection platform. The pipeline and riser is isolated from the platform facilities by two 36 riser valves in series (main riser and inboard riser valves). These valves will close on an ESD signal. The main riser valve will not normally be closed for operational reasons, however if it is closed and there is a differential pressure greater than 2 bar across the valve, the pressure will have to be equalised by either increasing or decreasing the pressure in the section of piping between the main riser and inboard riser valve (Refer to section 3.4.2). Once the pressure has equalised, the riser valve can be opened. A bypass line around the inboard riser valve consisting of an ESD valve and Flow Orifice (FO) will allow the pressure to be equalised across the inboard riser valve if the valve is closed and a differential pressure has developed. Once the pressure across the inboard riser valve has equalised, the valve can be opened. Permanent pig receiving facilities will be present on the platform that will allow intelligent pigs to be received. Pigging activities will require the presence of operators offshore to align the valves on the receiver so that it can accept a pig.
Depressurisation of the pipeline utilising the onshore vent facilities is not the preferred option, refer to section 3.7.1.for more details.
2.2.2. CO2 Filtration The CO2 arriving at the Hewett CO2 injection platform may contain particulates picked up from the 2 pipeline (e.g. rust particles ). If these particulates enter the reservoir, they may clog up the formation, reducing the injectivity to a point where a well work-over may be required. To prevent fouling of the formation two, 100% CO2 Process System Filters (H-0001A/B) will be provided downstream of the arrival facilities to remove the particulates from the CO2. The filters will operate on a duty / standby basis that will allow the duty filter to be changed over when it is clogged without stopping CO2 injection. The clogged filter can then be changed out while it is offline. Each CO2 Process Filter has a remotely operated inlet valve that will allow the onshore operator at Kingsnorth to switch over the duty / standby filters. If the inlet valves to both filters are closed, a differential pressure may develop across the inlet valves. A bypass line with remotely operated valve and flow orifice is provided around the filter inlet valve. This bypass line will allow the pressure across the inlet valve to equalise in a controlled manner. 2.2.3. Leak Detection Metering The filtered CO2 will then pass through the Offshore Leak Detection Meter (Z-HOLD). Three metering streams, two duty / one standby (HOLD 2), will measure the quantity of CO2 arriving at the platform. The leak detection meters will input into a Real-Time Transient Modelling (RTTM) Leak Detection and Location System (Ref 0). This system compares pressure, temperature and in/out flow values of the pipeline with calculated values. It works continuously and provides fast information about small, medium and big leakages along the pipeline and gives rough information about the leak location. The facility to add additional metering facilities will be provided to allow for future expansion of the injection facilities. 2.2.4. Manifolds The CO2 injection manifold receives the CO2 from the leak detection metering facilities and routes it to the individual wells. The manifold has a design pressure of 150 barg with a design temperature range of minus 85C to 100C, which is consistent with the CO2 facilities downstream of the riser valve. The well kill manifold is supplied with seawater from the seawater system. The seawater lift pump is required for well kill operations. No permanent piped in well kill facilities are provided on the platform therefore it is assumed that a temporary line from the well kill manifold to the well will be installed if required. Additional temporary facilities such as a seawater injection pump may also be required during well kill operations (HOLD 3) to increase the pressure of the water supplied from the seawater system. The well kill is an operation to place a column of heavy fluid into a wellbore preventing the flow of reservoir fluid, without the need for pressure control equipment at the surface. It works on the principle that the weight of the kill fluid will be enough to suppress the pressure of the formation fluid)
Although the carbon steel pipeline will be cleaned prior to commissioning, some rust particles may remain.
2.2.5. CO2 Heating and Injection Facilities The CO2 from the injection manifold is routed to the CO2 injection wells. There are four wells and each well has its own flowline, CO2 Well Heater, CO2 Well Injection Meter and choke valve. Each flowline and CO2 Well Heater has a design pressure of 150 barg with a design temperature range of minus 85C to 100C, which is consistent with the CO2 facilities downstream of the riser valve. Each CO2 injection flowline can be remotely isolated from the platform and its corresponding well. The CO2 from the flowlines will pass through its respective CO2 Well Heater (E-0001 A/B/C/D). The CO2 Well Heaters will only normally be used during start-up conditions to ensure that the CO2 entering the well remains as a gas above 0C. However, if an individual well is required for testing purposes to accept a lower flowrate than the other injection wells, then the well choke valve will be partially closed to limit the flow into that well. If this occurs, a pressure drop will exist across the choke valve that could lead to low temperature in the wellbore. The CO2 Well Heater would be used in this scenario to control the temperature downstream of the choke valve. It is important to note that the wells must normally be allowed to accept whatever flowrate the wells can take with minimal pressure drop across the choke, i.e. choke valve fully open. Hydrate Inhibitor can be injected upstream and downstream of the CO2 injection heaters to break down or prevent hydrate formation from the heaters and into the wellbore. Each flowline will have a CO2 Well Injection Meter to measure the quantity of CO2 injected into each well. A non-return valve located downstream of the injection meter on each flowline will prevent backflow from the well. 2.2.6. Wellheads For the base case scenario, only four wells are required. It is assumed that conventional Christmas trees will be used. The pressure rating of the Christmas trees is API 5000 psi rated. The Christmas trees are provided with actuated valves as follows: Downhole Safety Valve Upper Master Valve Injection Wing Valve
A hydraulic Power Unit (HPU) will be used to provide the motive power to operate the tree wing, upper master valves and downhole safety valves. The Christmas trees are also provided with the following manually operated valves: Lower Master Valve Kill Wing Valve Swab Valve
A diagram of a Christmas tree is shown in Figure 2-2. The downhole safety valve is not shown on this diagram but it is located down in the wellbore.
Figure 2-2 Christmas Tree Diagram
Swab Valve
Kill Wing Valve
Injection Wing Valve
Upper Master Valve Lower Master Valve
2.2.7. Well Annulus Management HOLD 5 Each wellhead comprises three annuli: A annulus (9 casing), B Annulus (13 casing) and C Annulus (30 casing). The venting requirements and whether there is a requirement to monitor the pressure of each casing locally and / or remotely will be defined by Baker-RDS during the FEED Phase 1a. However, at this stage it is assumed that the pressures in each well annulus are monitored and an alarm is annunciated should the pressure increase above a set value. It is assumed that if the well annuli require venting, then a vent knock out vessel will be brought offshore that will allow any liquids that are produced during the venting of the annuli to be collected. These liquids will be sent onshore to be processed. 2.2.8. Seawater System A seawater system will be employed on the platform to supply treated, filtered seawater to the seawater users i.e. emergency accommodation, deck washdown and wellbay well kill fluid manifold. Seawater will be pumped from the seawater caisson by the Seawater Lift Pump (P-0001) and distributed to the various seawater users as required. The hypochlorite dosing package (Z-0001) will operate continuously while the seawater lift pump is online supplying sodium hypochlorite downstream of the Seawater Lift Pump (P-0001) to ensure that no marine growth will develop in the seawater system. The actual hypochlorite injection rate should be set to ensure that a residual chlorine concentration of 0.2 - 0.5 ppm remains in the seawater system after dosing. A copper-ion electrolytic anti-fouling system, such as that produced by Cuprion, will generate a continuous supply of copper ions at the inlet of the seawater lift pump that will inhibit the growth of marine life, even when the pump is offline. When required, a tote tank containing sodium hypochlorite solution from onshore will be shipped to the Hewett CO2 injection platform to replenish the stock of sodium hypochlorite in the hypochlorite dosing package. The sodium hypochlorite will be gravity fed from the tote tank into the hypochlorite tank. It is predicted that 100 litres of storage will be required for 2 weeks of continuous usage. Since sodium hypochlorite degrades over time, a fresh supply of sodium hypochlorite may be required offshore each time personnel are on the platform after a prolonged absence. The seawater will pass through the Seawater Filters (H-0002 A/B) which will remove particulate matter from the seawater. The filters will operate on a duty / standby basis that will allow changeover of the filters when the duty filter becomes clogged. The seawater will then be distributed to its users as required. The seawater system will not be operated continuously and will only be in use when personnel are onboard.
2.2.9. CO2 Vent System The CO2 vent system will tie together the various CO2 vent lines into a single vent line. The outlet of this vent line will be located below the deck level of the platform and the vent nozzle will be directed downwards towards the sea. This orientation should minimise the risk of a CO2 cloud covering the platform during venting operations. Consideration will be given to the location / operation of the vent with regard to boat operations and over-side workers. There will be no automatic venting of the topsides facilities, only manual venting to mitigate these risks. The design requirements for this system are still held pending definition by a Venting and Dispersion Study. 2.2.10. Hydrate Inhibitor Injection Package The Hydrate inhibitor Package (Z-0004) may be required on the platform to break down hydrate blockages around the CO2 Well Heaters, choke valves and into the wellbore. It may also be used to break down hydrates that form in the vent system downstream of the CO2 Well Heaters. It is anticipated that hydrate formation is unlikely post offshore commissioning and start-up however, the Hydrate Inhibitor Package may be required as a contingency. The hydrate inhibitor (methanol) is stored in V-0004. When required, the hydrate inhibitor will be pumped from V-0004 into the well flowline where it will start to break down the hydrates. Once the hydrates have been cleared, the Hydrate Inhibitor Dosing Pump(s) (P-0002 A/B) can be switched off and V-0004 isolated from the pumps. A nitrogen gas blanket will be employed in V-0004 to ensure that the internal atmosphere remains oxygen free and therefore reducing the fire risk. Nitrogen will be supplied by a nitrogen quad. When required, a hydrate inhibitor tote tank will be shipped from onshore to the Hewett CO2 injection platform to replenish the stock of hydrate inhibitor in V-0004. The hydrate inhibitor will be gravity fed from the tote tank into V-0004. It is anticipated that 2 m of methanol will be stored in V-0004. 2.2.11. Typical Operating Conditions Following a well shut-in, the Closed In Tubing Head Pressure (CITHP) is predicted to be in the range 1.4 barg to 22 barg for the respective reservoir pressures of 2.1 barg to 29.5 barg. The Flowing Tubing Head Pressure (FTHP) at the maximum (base case) flowrate of 6,600 t/d is predicted to be 20.8 barg to 30.8 barg for the respective reservoir pressures of 2.1 barg to 29.5 barg. The predicted operating pressure of the injection facilities will only be marginally higher than the FTHP during normal operating conditions. The normal operating temperatures of the Hewett CO2 injection facilities during the gaseous phase of operation will be in the range 4C to 17C corresponding with the range of seabed temperatures.
3. System Operating Requirements

The operation of the CO2 pipeline and the offshore injections facilities at Hewett will be controlled remotely from the Kingsnorth power station / CO2 capture plant control room where the pipeline / platform system monitoring, control and shutdown requirements shall be integrated within the Kingsnorth integrated control and safety systems. Refer to the Platform Control & Shutdown Philosophy (Base Case) (Ref [S2]) for the control and shutdown details. 3.1. Initial Start-up It is presumed that the pipeline will be dried and filled to low pressure with dry air as part of the commissioning procedures. Refer to the Platform and Pipeline Commissioning Philosophy (Ref [S4]). The Kingsnorth Capture Plant and Compression System is presumed to be fully commissioned and able to operate at pipeline pressure or adequately able to throttle down to pipeline pressure and ensure that CO2 enters the pipeline in gaseous state at all times. If the system is to be throttled to achieve a suitable pipeline inlet pressure then consideration must be given to the low temperatures downstream of a Pressure Control Valve (PCV) used to control the outlet pressure of the compressors. A minimum pipeline inlet temperature of 5C should be used. The Kingsnorth compressors outlet pressure must not exceed the pressure at which liquid CO2 will form at the minimum ambient temperature (i.e. c. 39 barg @ 4C). For initial commissioning of the pipeline it is assumed that the system is in a shutdown state i.e. with the pipeline isolated at Kingsnorth and the subsea wells at Hewett isolated by the wing and master valves and with the injection chokes closed. The well bore is assumed to be at settle out conditions. To remove the air from the pipeline prior to pressurisation, purging of the pipeline is required. The purging of the pipeline is assumed to take place with the Hewett choke valves closed. Low pressure CO2 will be used to launch segregation pigs that will segregate the CO2 and air in the pipeline (Refer to section 3.9 for more information on pigging operations). The displaced air from the pipeline will be vented at the platform. Once the pigs are received at the platform, the CO2 concentration at Hewett should be monitored continuously until it exceeds a concentration (HOLD 7) sufficiently high enough to ensure that there would be minimal oxygen injected into the well / reservoir. Refer to the Platform and Pipeline Commissioning Philosophy (Ref [S4]) for more details. Once the concentration of CO2 is high enough, the pipeline can be pressurised. Pressurisation of the pipeline will commence once the offshore vent valves have been closed. The pipeline is considered to be pressurised when pressure at the Hewett injection facilities has increased 3 to approximately 2.5 bar above the wellbore settle out pressure (i.e. to a pressure of approximately 4 barg upstream of the Hewett choke valves). It was found that the pipeline could be pressurised from a starting pressure of 1 atmosphere to the required initial start-up pressure (4 barg) at the maximum initial CO2 compression plant capacity of 6600 t/d without causing liquid drop out in the system to occur. Therefore, it was predicted that it will take approximately 8 hours to perform the initial 4 pressurisation of the CO2 export pipe , though the actual rate of pressurisation is not important with respect to liquid drop-out.
Once the pipeline is pressurised, the well wing and upper master valves can be opened. Once the wing and upper master valves are opened and the pressure upstream of the choke valves is c. 2.5
3
A 2.5 bar differential pressure was arbitrarily targeted as the pressurisation pressure, this will provide a sufficient driving force across the Hewett choke to initiate flow to the wellbore from the pipeline upon opening of the Hewett valve. 4 In reality the system will probably take longer to pressurise due to the fact that flow from the power plant will be gradually increased within the limitations of valves and compressors in the system etc.
bar above CITHP, the choke valves may be opened slowly to approximately 5% open to establish a flow down the well. Once CO2 is flowing into the wells, the choke valves can be fully opened. If the Hewett wells are not ready to accept the CO2 once the arrival pressure at Hewett is c. 2.5 bar above the CITHP, the compressors at Kingsnorth should be shutdown or put into full recycle to ensure the pressure in the pipeline does not increase any further. If the pressure has however increased above 2.5 bar above the CITHP, the CO2 Start-up Heaters must be used to ensure that the temperature of the CO2 entering the wells always remains above 0C. Refer to section 3.3 for more details on pressurised start-ups. 3.2. Depressurised Start-up Depressurised start-up corresponds to the start-up of the pipeline that has been depressurised but is still full of CO2 (i.e. the CO2 has not been displaced by dry air and then depressurised; refer to section 3.7.1 for more information). If the pipeline has been purged through with air / N2 and depressurised, the initial start-up procedure must be followed again. 3.2.1. CO2 Pipeline It has been assumed that the pipeline has been depressurised by flowing the CO 2 into the wells until the pressure at Hewett is c. 2 bar above the CITHP, at this point the wells were shut in. The remainder of the pressure in the pipeline is assumed to be depressurised by back flowing the CO2 to the vent line located at the onshore export facilities. Once the Kingsnorth compressors have been restarted in full recycle, the pipeline ESD valve should be opened. Since the pipeline and onshore export system are both depressurised, there will be no differential pressure across the ESD valve preventing it opening. Once the pipeline ESD valve is opened, the compressors can be ramped up, the recycle valves closed and pressurisation of the pipeline may commence. 3.2.2. Offshore Facilities It has been assumed that during the depressurisation of the pipeline, the offshore injection facilities have also been depressurised up to the choke valves. Therefore, the riser valves can be opened prior to the re-pressurisation of the pipeline. The pressurisation of the pipeline is assumed to take place with the Hewett choke valves closed. The pipeline was considered to the pressurised when pressure at the Hewett injection facilities has increased to approximately 2.5 bar above the wellbore settle out pressure. The wing and upper master valves should be opened when the pressure upstream of the choke valves is c. 2.5 bar above CITHP. Once the well valves are open, the choke valves may be opened slowly. If the pressure has however increased above 2.5 bar above the CITHP, the CO2 Start-up Heaters must be used to ensure that the temperature of the CO2 entering the wells always remains above 0C. Refer to section 3.3.2 for more details on pressurised start-up for the offshore facilities.
3.3. Pressurised Start-up Pressurised start-up corresponds to the start-up of an already pressurised pipeline following a system shut-in. 3.3.1. CO2 Pipeline Following a shutdown of the compression facilities, the pipeline inlet ESD valve (located at the pigging facilities) will be closed with a differential pressure across it. It is assumed that the piping upstream of the pipeline ESD valve may be depressurised following a compressor shutdown. Once the Kingsnorth compressors have been restarted, the pressure upstream of the pipeline ESD valve should be slowly increased until the differential pressure across the valve is c. 2 bar. The pipeline ESD valve can then be opened allowing flow into the pipeline. Once the pipeline ESD valve is opened, the compressors can be ramped up. If the pressure upstream of the pipeline ESD valve is greater than the downstream pressure, the compressors should be put into full recycle and the upstream section of piping slowly depressurised until the differential pressure is less than 2 bar so that the pipeline ESD valve can be opened. Once the pipeline ESD valve is opened, the compressors can be ramped up. 3.3.2. Offshore Facilities It is assumed that following an offshore process shutdown, the inboard riser valve, well flowline ESD valves, well choke valves and well wing valves will be closed and the pipeline will be at its settle out pressure. With the pipeline at its settle out pressure, a differential pressure will exist across the inboard riser valve. The inboard riser bypass valve should be opened to equalise the pressure across the inboard riser valve. Once the pressure has equalised across the inboard riser valve, the inboard riser valve can be opened and its bypass valve closed. The offshore system will now be pressurised up to the CO2 injection manifold. The CO2 injection wells will be started up one at a time. If a differential pressure exists across a flowline inlet valve, its bypass valve must be opened to equalise the pressure. Once the pressure has been equalised, the flowline inlet valve can be opened and its bypass valve should be closed. The temperature controller upstream of the choke valve should be selected to control the CO2 Well Heater. The line to vent downstream of the CO2 Well Heater can opened to ensure that there is a flow of CO2 through the heater. The temperature controller should be set to 35C and the heater should be switched on. Once a steady temperature of 35C is maintained downstream of the heater, the well wing valve should be opened. The well choke valve should be opened slowly to 5% open to establish a flow into the well. Once a flow is established, the line to vent can slowly be closed in and isolated. The choke valve can then be opened slowly until the pressure drop across the choke valve is c. 2 bar. The CO2 Well Heater can then be switched off and the choke valve fully opened. The other injection wells can be restarted in the same way. Note that the offshore facilities may be restarted without the onshore facilities being online.
3.4. Pressurised Pipeline / Depressurised Offshore Facilities Start-up This scenario corresponds with a pressurised pipeline but with the offshore facilities depressurised and isolated at the riser valve and at the wells. 3.4.1. CO2 Pipeline The start-up of the pipeline in this scenario will be the same as in section 3.3.1. 3.4.2. Offshore Facilities It is assumed that following an offshore process shutdown and depressurisation, the riser valve, inboard riser valve, well flowline ESD valves, well choke valves and well wing valves will be closed and the pipeline will be at its settle out pressure. With the pipeline at its settle out pressure, a differential pressure will exist across the riser valve. There is no bypass line around the riser valve to equalise the pressure, therefore the section of piping between the riser valve and inboard riser valve has to be pressurised with nitrogen (HOLD 8). Nitrogen may be available from the nitrogen quad for the Hydrate Inhibitor Package. Alternatively, nitrogen may have to be shipped offshore to pressurise the piping downstream of the riser valve. Once the section of piping between the riser and inboard riser valve is pressurised, the riser valve can be opened. The inboard riser bypass valve should then be opened to equalise the pressure across the inboard riser valve. Once the pressure has equalised across the inboard riser valve, the inboard riser valve can be opened and its bypass valve closed. The offshore system will now be pressurised up to the CO2 injection manifold. The CO2 injection wells will be started up one at a time. If a differential pressure exists across a flowline inlet valve, its bypass valve must be opened to equalise the pressure. Once the pressure has been equalised, the flowline inlet valve can be opened and its bypass valve should be closed. The temperature controller upstream of the choke valve should be selected to control the CO2 Well Heater. The line to vent downstream of the CO2 Well Heater can opened to ensure that there is a flow of CO2 through the heater. The temperature controller should be set to 35C and the heater should be switched on. Once a steady temperature of 35C is maintained downstream of the heater, the well wing valve should be opened. The well choke valve should be opened slowly to 5% open to establish a flow into the well. Once a flow is established, the line to vent can slowly be closed in and isolated. The choke valve can then be opened slowly until the pressure drop across the choke valve is c. 2 bar. The CO2 Well Heater can then be switched off and the choke valve fully opened. The other injection wells can be restarted in the same way. 3.5. Normal Operation During normal operations, the pressure at the offshore facilities and in the pipeline is dependent on the backpressure from the CO2 injection wells and the flow of CO2 through the system. On arriving at the Hewett CO2 injection facilities, the CO2 is filtered and metered (for leak detection purposes) and is routed to the CO2 injection wells. During normal operation, all three injection wells will be in use (with one additional spare) and the flow down each well will be dependent on the backpressure from that individual well. Due to differences between the wells (e.g. differences in well completion depth / overall length of the wellbore), it is anticipated that the flow down each well will not be equal when all the choke valves are fully open. The flow down each well is monitored / metered by the CO2 Well Injection Meter.
If a single well was unavailable for maintenance / well workover, etc, the remaining three wells will accommodate the flow. Each CO2 injection well will be designed for one third of the maximum flow from Kingsnorth i.e. 2,200 t/d. 3.6. Turndown Operation The CO2 flowrate from Kingsnorth will not be constant and flowrate may vary from a peak flowrate of 6,600 t/d down to zero flow and back up again over a 24-hour period according to changes in the Kingsnorth power station output. The pressure in the overall system will fluctuate in line with the flow through the system however; these changes in pressure / flow should not have an impact in the operability of the pipeline / offshore system. 3.6.1. Short Term Zero Flow Operation During short periods of zero flow from Kingsnorth, two options can be considered: The Hewett chokes are left open during a short-term shutdown. The Hewett chokes are closed during shutdown.
The main advantage of leaving the Hewett chokes open during a short term shutdown is that there is no temperature drop at Hewett during restart, thus the requirement for heating can be removed for short-term shutdowns. Transient OLGA simulations (Ref [S5]) have indicated that injection into the reservoir will continue for some time after flow from Kingsnorth is stopped. It should however be noted that when net inflow to the well ceases there is a risk of reverse flow, therefore it will be necessary to either re-establish flow from Kingsnorth or close the Hewett chokes before this occurred. Therefore if the pressure upstream of the Hewett choke valves is < 2 bar higher than the CITHP of any well, all of the wells need to be shut-in to prevent backflow. If the Hewett choke valves are closed following a short term shutdown at Kingsnorth, the procedure for pressurised start-up at Hewett will have to be followed. Refer to Section 3.3.2. 3.7. System Depressurisation This section describes the operations associated with depressurisation. 3.7.1. CO2 Pipeline Due to the large volume of CO2 contained in the pipeline, depressurisation of the pipeline to atmosphere should be avoided if possible. It will be possible to depressurise the pipeline using the capture plant vent system by back flowing the CO2 to the vent line located at the onshore export facilities. However, this method of depressurisation should only be used for the onshore section of pipeline; the offshore section should be isolated at the landfall valve if the onshore section is to be depressurised. The pipeline is not expected to be depressurised unless the pipeline has been damaged. The effects of depressurisation of the pipeline will be covered in the transient analysis report on depressurisation (Ref [S5]). The preferred method of depressurisation for the entire pipeline will be purging the pipeline with air / N2 from Kingsnorth to displace the CO2 through into the wells. Segregation pigs should be used during the purging of the pipeline to avoid injecting air into the reservoir. The air / N2 filled pipeline can then be depressurised to atmosphere from the Kingsnorth using the capture plant vent system without the problems associated with CO2.
3.7.2. Offshore Platform Depressurisation of the offshore platform topsides will take place once the platform topsides is isolated from the pipeline and wells at the inboard riser valve and well wing valves respectively thus isolating the platform from external sources of pressure. The CO2 injection flowlines may also be isolated from the manifold and upstream facilities i.e. filters and metering. The preferred method of depressurisation for the topsides is to utilise the vent line downstream of the CO2 Vent Heaters. An individual flowline can be depressurised through its respective vent line and if the flowline inlet valve is open, the piping / equipment upstream of the CO2 injection manifold can be also be depressurised. To mitigate against solid CO2 forming in the vent line, the temperature controller upstream of the well choke valve should be set to control the CO2 Well Heater and the heater should be switched on. The heater should be used to ensure that temperatures lower than minus 50C will not be generated in the vent lines. The maximum flow to vent will be dictated by the system hydraulics and not the duty of the heater, therefore the maximum flow to vent will be determined at a later stage of design. Individual equipment items such as the Pig Receiver, CO2 Process System Filters and the leak detection metering streams have vent lines that allow depressurisation of the isolated equipment for maintenance / inspection purposes. These vent lines should not be used to depressurise the overall topsides process because the CO2 cannot be heated prior to venting, increasing the risk of solid CO2 forming in these line and blocking them. Once depressurised, the topsides can be re-pressurised using the pressurised start-up procedure. 3.8. Offshore Utilities 3.8.1. Critical Utilities The key utilities (electrical power and communications) are provided from onshore. If there is a loss of communications from onshore, the platform will shutdown after a specified time delay (HOLD 9). The time delay before an automatic shutdown is initiated is to provide the time for the control room operators to re-establish the communication link. An automatic shutdown (HOLD 10) will also be initiated on loss of power from onshore. 3.8.2. Non Critical Utilities 3.8.2.1. Hydrate Inhibitor Package The Hydrate Inhibitor Package Z-0004 will only be used if required during start-up of an injection well. On start-up of the hydrate inhibitor package, the hydrate inhibitor storage tank (V-0004) outlet valve should be opened. The pressure in the flowline where the hydrate inhibitor is to be injected should be checked and one of the inhibitor injection pumps (P-0002A/B) should be started. Once the pump discharge pressure is greater than the flowline pressure, the hydrate inhibitor routing valve to the flowline should be opened to supply the hydrate inhibitor. Once the hydrate inhibitor is no longer required, the routing valve should be closed and the pump switched off. The outlet valve on V-0004 should also be closed. Each Hydrate Inhibitor Injection Pump (P-0002A/B) has its own dedicated inlet filter. While the pump is in use, the differential pressure across the filter should be checked to determine if the filter requires to be changed out.
A nitrogen gas blanket within V-0004 will ensure that there is no air ingress to V-0004. An alarm will annunciate if the pressure in V-0004 is too high or too low. A low pressure may indicate that there is a problem with the nitrogen supply. If the liquid level in V-0004 is low, then the storage tank will have to be refilled with hydrate inhibitor from onshore. A tote tank will be shipped offshore and will be connected by a flexible hose to the inlet of V-0004. An operator will then open the outlet valves from the tote tank and open the inlet valve to the tank. The operator should monitor the level in V-0004 and once it approaches the high level alarm, the tote tank outlet valves should be closed followed by the inlet valve to V-0004. The flexible hose can then be removed and the tote tank sent back onshore. The nitrogen supply to V-0004 may have to be turned off during filling operations to allow liquid flow into the vessel. It should be turned back on once filling operations are completed. 3.8.2.2. Nitrogen Quad
HOLD 11 A Nitrogen Quad (Z-0005) will supply the hydrate inhibitor tank (V-0004) with a nitrogen gas blanket. The operating requirements for the Nitrogen Quad are yet to be defined. 3.8.2.3. Seawater System The seawater system should only be in use when personnel are onboard the platform and it should be shutdown when personnel leave the platform. The system should be started by first ensuring that the Seawater Lift Pump minimum flow controller is set to automatic control, the Seawater Lift Pump (P0001) can then be started. Once the pump has started, the Seawater Lift Pump minimum flow controller will ensure that the minimum flow through the pump is maintained at all times by opening the seawater system overboard dump valve. If the seawater demand is above the minimum flow, the minimum flow controller will close the seawater dump valve, as it would not be required to maintain flow through the pump The differential pressure across the Seawater Filters (H-0002A/B) should be monitored regularly while the seawater system is online and if the differential pressure across the online filter is too high, the standby filter should be brought online and the dirty filter should be taken out of service and cleaned / changed out (HOLD 12). To provide continuous fouling protection of the lift pump and caisson even while the lift pump is offline, an Electrolytic Anti Fouling System is proposed. A series of anodes are installed at the lift pump inlet, which generate a continuous supply of copper ions that will inhibit marine growth. The Electrolytic Anti Fouling system automatically adjusts the production of copper ions to suit pump running conditions. When the seawater lift pump is online, the hypochlorite dosing package (Z-0001) will supply sodium hypochlorite into the seawater system. The system will supply sufficient hypochlorite to ensure that a residual chlorine concentration of 0.2 - 0.5 ppm is achieved in the seawater system. Sampling of the seawater system for residual chlorine should be carried out regularly while the seawater system is in use. The hypochlorite dosing package will be capable of supplying higher shock doses of sodium hypochlorite into the seawater system to remove any marine organisms that have survived the lower dosage. When the level of sodium hypochlorite solution in the Hypochlorite Dosing Package falls below a predetermined level, an alarm will annunciate indicating that the level is low. A tote tank containing sodium hypochlorite should be sent offshore at the earliest opportunity to replenish the stock of sodium hypochlorite in Z-0001. Once onboard, the tote tank will be connected by a flexible hose to the
inlet of hypochlorite storage tank. An operator will then open the outlet valves from the tote tank and open the inlet valve to the tank. The operator should monitor the level in hypochlorite storage tank and once it approaches the high level alarm, the tote tank outlet valves should be closed followed by the inlet valve to hypochlorite storage tank. The flexible hose can then be removed and the tote tank sent back onshore. 3.9. Pigging Operations Refer to the Pigging Philosophy 0. Operational pigging is not required for the 36 O.D. CO2 pipeline however, pigging operations will occur when an intelligent pig run is required and when depressurising the pipeline. Pigging operations should only occur during normal operating conditions in the CO2 pipeline and offshore platform (excluding the commissioning of the pipeline) for intelligent pig runs. Pigging runs to sweep the CO2 out of the pipeline and into the reservoir prior to depressurisation of the pipeline will be required. However, if the pipeline is damaged, pig runs should be avoided until a survey / risk assessment has been carried out to determine whether pigging operations can continue without the risk of pigs getting stuck in the pipeline. During pigging operations, operators will be required offshore to align the pig receiver valves so that it is ready to receive a pig prior to launching the pig from Kingsnorth. It will take over 2 days for a pig to arrive at Hewett once launched, so the operators are not required offshore during this time. A valve interlock system should be employed on both the pig launcher and receiver to ensure that the correct valve opening / closing sequence is used at all times. 3.9.1. Onshore Pig Launcher Prior to loading the onshore pig launcher, the integrity of the pig launcher should be checked to ensure no valves are passing. This can be accomplished by venting the launcher then closing the vent valves and monitoring the pressure in the launcher to see if there is any increase in pressure that would indicate that the valves are passing. Once the integrity of the launcher is confirmed, the launcher should then be vented and purged with air (HOLD 13) to remove the CO2 from the launcher prior to opening the launcher. Once the CO2 is removed from the launcher, the vent valves should be closed and the launcher door can be opened. Once the pig has been loaded into the launcher and the door is closed and locked, the launcher can be slowly pressurised with CO2 using the bypass valve(s) around launcher kicker line inlet valve. Once the launcher is pressurised, the main kicker line valve can be fully opened and the bypass valve closed. Once permission is given to launch the pig, the launcher outlet valves can be opened and the pigging valve slowly closed to divert CO2 through the launcher, thus launching the pig. Once the launch of the pig is confirmed by the activation of the pig detector downstream of the launcher, the pigging valve can be fully opened and the launcher outlet valves closed followed by the closure of the kicker line valves. Once isolated, the pig launcher can be depressurised and vented. The offshore operators should be informed immediately on confirmation of a pig launch.
3.9.2. Offshore Pig Receiver The offshore pig receiver should be aligned and ready prior to the launch of the pig from Kingsnorth. It is assumed that the pig receiver is empty and isolated. The pig receiver should be pressurised by slowly opening the bypass valve around the kicker line inlet valve. Once pressurised, the main kicker line inlet valve can be opened and the bypass valve closed. The receiver inlet valves can now be opened. Once the receiver inlet valves are fully opened, the pigging valve should be partially closed to divert the flow of CO2 through the receiver. The onshore operators should now be informed that the offshore facilities are ready to receive a pig. Confirmation of the pig arriving in the receiver will be given on activation of the pig detector located on the pig receiver. The receiver inlet valves should then be closed following by the kicker line valves. The receiver should be depressurised to vented and purged with air (HOLD 13) prior to opening the pig receiver door. Once the CO2 is purged from the receiver, the vent valves should be closed, the receiver door can be opened, and the pig can be removed. Once the pig is removed, the door should be closed and locked.
4. Supporting References
[S1] [S2] [S3] [S4] [S5] [S17} [S18] Whole CCS System Operating Philosophy Covering Steady State & Transient Operation Flow Assurance, KCP-GNS-FAS-DRP-0007 Internal Report - Basis of Design for Studies - Phase 1A Platform Control & Shutdown Philosophy (Base Case), KCP-GNS-OPM-DPR-0004 Platform and Pipeline Commissioning Philosophy, KCP-GNS-PCD-DPR-0011 Transient Analysis - Depressurisation and Venting (Pipeline) Report, KCP-GNS-FAS-DRP-0004 Pigging Philosophy, KCP-EEN-PEQ-DPR-0006. Full System Leak Detection Philosophy, KCP-EEN-PEQ-DPR-0003.

Platform and Pipeline Operating Philosophy Gaseous Phase Operation

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Platform and Pipeline Operating Philosophy Gaseous Phase Operation

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

KCP-GNS-PCD-DPR-0005 Revision: 03 Project Title: Document Title: Kingsnorth Carbon Capture & Storage Project Page 1 of 20

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

2. Description of the Pipeline and CO2 Injection Facilities

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Figure 2-2 Christmas Tree Diagram

Kill Wing Valve

Injection Wing Valve

Upper Master Valve Lower Master Valve

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

3. System Operating Requirements

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Platform & Pipeline Operating Philosophy - Gaseous Phase Operation

Вам также может понравиться