9. Class B power amplifiers (16.4 16.

7)
Class B Power Amplifiers OTL Class B Power Amplifiers OCL Class B Power Amplifiers Transformer Coupled Class B Amplifiers Maximum Dissipation of Class B Amplifiers Class AB Power Amplifiers Harmonic Distortion in Power Amplifiers

EE2603-09

Class B Power Amplifiers

VCC
Vin

VCC
Vin

R2

Q1

VRL

R2

VCC
VRL

Q1 0

VRL

VCC/2

Vin

-+ +-

R2 Q2

RL
Vpp(max)=VCC

R2 Q2
-VCC

RL

+-+ +- +Q2

Q1

-+ +-+ +-

+-+

RL

Vpp(max)=2VCC

OTL Class B Power Amplifier

Output Transformer-Less

OCL Class B Power Amplifier

Output Capacitor-Less

Vpp(max)=2VCC Transformer Coupled Class AB Power Amplifier

Transformer

Here dc power from VCC is converted into ac output power in RL by Q1 in half-cycle and Q2 by another half-cycle.
EE2603-09 2

OTL Class B Power Amplifiers

VCC
Vin

R2

Q1

VRL

IC RL IBQ=0

VCC/2

R2 Q2

RL

ICQ
max level any level

VCE

VCC/2

At max imum Vo (pp) level Vo (pp) = Vpp (max) = VCC Vo (pp) VCC 2 VCC 2 2 2 2 Pac (max) = = = RL RL 8RL VCC 2 2 = VCC Pdc (max) = VCC IAV = VCC RL 2RL
2 Pac VCC 2RL (max) = = 2 = = 78.5% Pdc 8RL VCC 4 2 2

At any Vo (pp) < Vpp (max)level Vo (pp) (V (pp))2 2 2 Pac = = o RL 8RL V (pp) Pdc = VCC IAV = VCC o 2RL P = ac and Pdiss = Pdc Pac Pdc
2

EE2603-09

OCL Class B Power Amplifiers

VCC
Vin

R2

Q1 0

VRL

IC RL IBQ=0 ICQ Q VCE

R2 Q2
-VCC

RL

max level any level

VCC

At max imum Vo (pp) level Vo (pp) = Vpp (max) = 2VCC Vo (pp) 2VCC 2 VCC 2 2 2 2 Pac (max) = = = RL RL 2RL
2 VCC 2VCC Pdc (max) = 2VCC IAV = 2VCC = RL RL 2 Pac VCC RL (max) = = 2 = = 78.5% Pdc 2RL 2VCC 4 2 2

At any Vo (pp) < Vpp (max) level Vo (pp) (Vo (pp))2 2 2 Pac = = RL 8RL V (pp) Pdc = 2VCC IAV = 2VCC o 2RL P = ac and Pdiss = Pdc Pac Pdc
2

Dual EE2603-09 Supply

Transformer coupled Class B Power Amplifiers

VCC
VRL

IC n 2R L

Vin

-+ +-

+-+ +- +Q2

Q1

-+ +-+ +-

+-+

IBQ=0

RL

ICQ
max level any level

VCE

n+n:1

VCC

At max imum Vo (pp) level Vo (pp) = Vpp (max) = 2VCC Vo (pp) 2 2 Pac (max) = = n2RL
2

At any Vo (pp) < Vpp (max) level Vo (pp) (Vo (pp))2 2 2 Pac = = n2RL 8n2RL Pdc = VCC IAV = VCC 2Vo (pp)
2

2VCC V2 2 2 = CC n2RL 2n2RL n2RL 2VCC = n2RL

2 2VCC

Pdc (max) = VCC IAV = VCC

P 2 n2RL VCC = ac and Pdiss = Pdc Pac Pac (max) = = = = 78.5% Pdc 2 Pdc 2n2RL 2VCC 4 Full wave EE2603-09

V Vo (pp) = CC 2 2n2RL n RL

Maximum Dissipation in Class B Power Amplifiers

In class B amplifiers, maximum dissipation occurs at a certain output power level but not at maximum output power level. Below is the derivation of maximum dissipation of BJT in OTL class B power amplifiers.
I (Output power at any ILPX ) = POX = LPX RL 2 I (Input dc power at any ILPX ) =PCCX = VCC LPX (Dissipation at any ILPX )PDISSX = PCCX POX = VCC ILPX
2 ILPX 2

IC
RL

ILP ILPX

RL

But P DISS is max when d Then dILPX

d [P ]= 0 dILPX DISSX

2 VCC ILPX ILPX RL 2ILPX RL V =0 = 0 CC 2 2

VLPX
any level (x)

VCE

VCC/2

or P DISS is max when ILPX

V 2 V 2 = CC = CC = ILP = 0.64ILP 2R RL L

2 VCCILPX ILPX RL V P substitute ILPX = CC OX = CCX P DISS(max) = P 2 RL 2

V V VCC CC CC RL 2 2 2 R R Vpp (max) 2 VCC VCC VCC L L P = = = (both BJT ) DISS(max) = 2 2RL 2 2RL 22RL 22RL EE2603-09

Condition for maximum dissipation

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Example: In OTL class B amplifier, (a) find BJT maximum dissipation Pdiss(max) and also output power at the time of maximum dissipation (b) find Pdiss of the BJT (at maximum output power level) and also the maximum output power. Take VCC=20V, RL=8
( a) P DISS(max)

(Vpp(max) )2 = =
22RL

22RL

2 VCC

22 8

202

= 2.5W(both BJT ) 1.25W(each)

I2 RL V output power at max imum dissipation P = LPX substitute ILPX = CC OX 2 RL VCC R RL 202 L or P = = 2 = 2.54W OX 2 2 8
2

(b) At max imum Vo (pp) level Vo (pp) = VCC Vo (pp) VCC 2 VCC 20 2 2 2 2 2 Pac (max Po ) = = = = = 6.25W RL RL 8RL 8 8 Pdc (max Po ) = VCC IAV = VCC
2 2 2 = VCC = 20 = 7.96W RL 2RL 2 8 2 2

VCC

Pdiss (max Po ) = 7.96 6.25 = 1.71W 0.855W(each)

EE2603-09

This class B amplifier will have only Pdiss = 0.885W(each BJT) when it is delivering a full output power of 6.25W. But the BJT will have a maximum dissipation Pdiss(max) =1.25W(each) when it is delivering an output power of only 2.54W.
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Class AB Power Amplifiers

class AB is used to overcome the cross-over distortion occurs in class B amplifiers

VCC
Vin

VCC
Vin

VRL

VCC

R2 D D R2
VRL

R2 D D
VRL

R2 Vin

Q1 D Q2
VRL

RL

R2 -VCC

RL

Vin

RL

OTL Class AB Power Amplifier

Output Transformer-Less

OCL Class AB Power Amplifier

Output Capacitor-Less

Transformer Coupled Class AB Power Amplifier

Transformer

Here the diode D forward voltage drop 0.7V is used to make equal to VBE of each BJT and because of this VBE both BJT will have a small amount of ICQ for class AB operation Here dc power from VCC is converted into ac output power in RL without crossover distortion EE2603-09
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