Air Travel Basics 2.

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AIR TRAVEL BASICS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
Participant Objective_____________________________________________3 The Airline Industry: A Brief History_________________________________3 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)_______________________________4 Computer Reservations System (CRS)________________________________4 Types of Airlines_________________________________________________5 Classes of Service________________________________________________6 Airport Codes________________________________________________7 10 CHAPTER REVIEW________________________________________________11

CHAPTER II
Hubs and Spokes ________________________________________________12 Anatomy of an Airline ____________________________________________13 Paper Tickets vs. Electronic Tickets____________________________ 14 15 US Taxes and Surcharges__________________________________________16 CHAPTER REVIEW________________________________________________17

CHAPTER III

SPECIAL NEEDS PASSENGERS_______________________________________18 Unaccompanied Minors (UMNR________________________________18 Disabled Passengers ________________________________________18 Service Animals ___________________________________________ 19 Frequent Flier Program __________________________________________ 20 Airline Lingo________________________________________________ 21 30 CHAPTER REVIEW________________________________________________ 31

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MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION_____________________________________32 - 34 HAWAII OVERVIEW _______________________________________________ 35 - 42

CHAPTER I
Participant Objective
Know the different components of the Airline Industry Associate airports/cities with their airport/city code Identify the different terminologies commonly used in the Airline Industry

The Airline Industry: A Brief History

In 1903, the Wright brothers' first successful flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina marked the beginning of the aviation industry. In the early years, the public did not embrace airplane travel as an option, thinking that it was too dangerous. The first major stimulus that helped to develop the industry was the United States' participation in World War I. In 1927, Charles Lindbergh successfully completed a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean and created massive interest in flying with the general public. After this, a variety of air transport holding companies began. One of the biggest factors in the growth of the air transportation industry was the development of a mail transport system by the U.S. Postal Service. With United States' entry into World War II, commercial fleets and pilots were sent to Europe to participate in the war effort. The war also helped to
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generate support for research and development of aircraft, which extended beyond the war to commercial aviation. A major post-war development was the four-engine aircraft, such as the Lockheed Constellation. This innovation substantially cut the flying time for ocean and continent crossings, and thus negatively effecting travel by ocean liner and train. The 1950s saw dramatic improvements in the capacity and comfort of commercial flights. Planes were modernized, and jet service was introduced in 1959, enabling even faster cross-country service. After major in-air collisions in the 1950s, the Federal Aviation Act was passed in 1958. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) was created, and was charged to develop an air traffic control system. The 1970s saw dramatic increases in costs, particularly increases in fuel prices. The 1980s were marked by the deregulation of the industry, which resulted in the growth of smaller carriers and the mergers of larger carriers. The 1990s saw a dramatic increase in the number of passengers, including first time passengers, as prices were cut and the cities served by airlines increased.

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

The Federal Aviation Administration is responsible for the safety of civil aviation. The Federal Aviation Act of 1958 created the agency under the name Federal Aviation Agency. They adopted their present name in 1967 when they became a part of the United States Department of Transportation. FAAs major roles include: Regulating civil aviation to promote safety Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation

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Computer Reservations System (CRS)

A computer reservations system (CRS) is a computerized system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions related to travel. Originally designed and operated by airlines, they were later extended travel agents as a sales channel; major CRS operations that book and sell tickets for multiple airlines are known as Global Distribution Systems (GDS). There are currently four major GDS systems: 1. Amadeus 2. Galileo 3. Sabre Interact (Hawaiian Airlines uses this system) 4. Worldspan GDS systems Deliver a worldwide distribution network. Offer sophisticated tools to help todays modern travel agency operate efficiently. Provide extraordinary service to customers. Pioneered electronic ticketing. Pioneered travel e-commerce.

Developed and deployed the first graphical interfaces for airline seat selection as well as for all other aspects of the travel industry hotel, car, and other suppliers. Developed the ability to integrate and simultaneously display published, private/negotiated, consolidator and Web fares for travel agents. Developed lowest fare search capability Developed best-price comparison capability for consumer travel values

Types of Airlines
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Major Airlines These are the heavyweights of the airline industry, and you will often hear about them in the news. A major airline is defined as an airline that generates more than $1-billion in revenue annually. There were 12 major airlines as of 2000: Alaska, America West, American, American Eagle, American Trans Air, Continental, Delta, Northwest, Southwest, Trans World, United and US Airways. National Airlines Just one step down from the major airlines, these are scheduled airlines with annual operating revenues between $100-million and $1-billion. These airlines might serve certain regions of the country, but may also provide long-distance routes and some international destinations. They operate medium- and largesized jets. Examples of national airlines include Aloha, Atlas Air, Airtran, Emery Worldwide, Evergreen, Hawaiian and Midwest Express. Regional Airlines As the name suggests, these airlines service particular regions of the United States, filling the niche markets that the major and national airlines may overlook.

CLASSES OF SERVICE
Airlines traditionally have three travel classes (although many airlines are eliminating first class from international fights and offering business class as the highest level of service): First Class The highest quality and most exclusive accommodation available. First class is always located in the front of the aircraft. Since the fare is the most expensive, passengers are offered such amenities as: free alcoholic beverages, larger and plush seating, more leg room, elaborate meals served on china and, depending on the length of the flight, free movies and headsets.

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Business Class high quality; traditionally purchased by business travelers (sometimes called executive class) Economy Class (also known as coach class or travel class), basic accommodation, commonly purchased by leisure travelers

**Hawaiian Airlines only has First Class and Coach Class What is a bulkhead?
A bulkhead is the physical partition that divides a plane into different sections. Typically, a bulkhead is a wall, but can also be a curtain or screen. In addition to separating classes from one another, i.e. business and economy, bulkheads can be found throughout the plane, separating the seats from the galley and lavatory areas.

What are bulkhead seats?

Bulkhead seats are located directly behind the bulkhead separators.

AIRPORT CODES
There are two types of codes that are used: Airport codes and City codes. Airport location identifiers, commonly known as airport codes, are assigned to airports throughout the world by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Along with airline designators and transport document accounting codes, these three-letter codes are used to designate a specific airport and are used by airlines, car and hotel vendors as well as travel agents. City codes are also three-letter codes, but are used to indicate a city, rather than a specific airport. This happens most frequently in area served by more than one airport, like New York City, Washington, and Chicago.

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Many airport codes are simply the first three letters of the city name: ATL is Atlanta, BOS is Boston, MIA is Miami, and SYD is Sydney, Australia. The first letter(s) of multiple cities served form other codes: DFW for Dallas Fort Worth, MSP for Minneapolis/St. Paul and GSP for Greenville/Spartanburg, South Carolina. Sometimes the city name lends itself to one letter for each word, such as Salt Lake City (SLC), Port of Spain in Trinidad & Tobago (POS), or even Port au Prince, Haiti (PAP). In the United States, airport codes that start with N are reserved for Navy facilities. Therefore, cities with a name starting with N must use an alternate code. Therefore EWR is Newark Liberty International, NJ, and ORF is Norfolk, Virginia. The Federal Communications Commission took the letters W and K for US radio stations so cities like Key West, FL became EYW, Wilmington, NC became ILM. Also the city code for Kansas City, MO became MKC and its international airport MCI (Mid Continent International). Lacking both 'W' and 'N' Washington National has a code of DCA for District of Columbia Airport. The newer Dulles airport just outside D.C. was IAD (from International Airport Dulles).

Examples of Airport codes with just the first 3 letters of the city name:

Mobile, Alabama (AL) Tucson, Arizona (AZ) Little Rock, Arkansas (AR) Burbank, California (CA) Oakland, California (CA)
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MOB TUS LIT BUR OAK 8

Omaha, Nebraska (NE) Las Vegas, Nevada (NV) Albany, New York (NY) Buffalo, New York (NY) Rochester, New York (NY)

OMA LAS ALB BUF ROC

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Ontario, California (CA) San Diego, California (CA) Denver, Colorado (CO) Miami, Florida (FL) Savannah, Georgia (GA) Lihue, Hawaii (HA) Boise, Idaho (ID) Indianapolis, Indiana (IN) Lexington, Kentucky (KY) Augusta, Maine (ME) Boston, Massachusetts (MA) Hyannis, Massachusetts (MA) Detroit, Michigan (MI) Lansing, Michigan (MI) Billings, Montana (MT)

ONT SAN DEN MIA SAV LIH BOI IND LEX AUG BOS HYA DET LAN BIL

Syracuse, New York (NY) Fayetteville, North Carolina (NC) Bismarck, North Dakota (ND) Fargo, North Dakota (ND) Cleveland, Ohio (OH) Dayton, Ohio (OH) Toledo, Ohio (OH) Tulsa, Oklahoma (OK) Eugene, Oregon (OR) Pittsburg, Pennsylvania (PA) Chattanooga, Tennessee (TN) Memphis, Tennessee (TN) Amarillo, Texas (TX) Seattle, Washington (WA) Austin, Texas (TX)

SYR FAY BIS FAR CLE DAY TOL TUL EUG PIT CHA MEM AMA SEA AUS

Multiple Airports Some cities have multiple airports. When a passenger is flying to one of these, always verify which airport.

City /Airport Name

City / Airport Code

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LOS ANGELES, California (CA) Los Angeles International Long Beach Airport John Wayne Airport (O.C.) Burbank (now Bob Hope Airport) SAN FRANCISCO, California (CA) San Francisco International Oakland San Jose WASHINGTON, DC (WA) National Airport (Ronald Reagan) Dulles, VA Baltimore, MD NEW YORK , New York (NY) John F. Kennedy La Guardia Newark, NJ MIAMI, Florida (FL) Miami International Ft. Lauderdale West Palm Beach CHICAGO, Illinois (IL) Chicago OHare Chicago Midway DETROIT, Michigan (MI) Detroit Metro Airport (Wayne County) Detroit City Airport HOUSTON, Texas (TX) George Bush (Intercontinental) Houston Hobby

LAX SFO WAS NYC MIA CHI

LAX LGB SNA BUR SFO OAK SJC DCA IAD BWI JFK LGA EWR MIA FLL PBI ORD MDW

DET DTW DTT HOU IAH HOU

Similar Cities Caution must be used when members request travel to cities that have the same name as a city in another geographical location. To minimize errors, it is important to verify the state in which the city is located.
City State Code Code City State

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Albany New York AGS AUG Bloomington Illinois BTV Indiana Massachusetts BBF Iowa Charleston South Carolina CHS COA West Virginia COU South Carolina Columbus Ohio CMH PWM Georgia PDX Mississippi CSG GTR BMI BMG BRL ALB Georgia ABY

Augusta Georgia Maine Burlington Vermont

Columbia California CRW CAE Portland Maine Oregon Grand Rapids Michigan FAY Wilmington Delaware GSP Jacksonville Florida JAN Tennessee North MKL Norfolk Nebraska LFT Virginia North Missouri

Fayetteville Arkansas FYV GRR North Carolina Minnesota GPZ Greenville Mississippi ILG Carolina Jackson Michigan JAX Carolina Lafayette Indiana OFK Springfield Massachusetts Missouri Illinois GLH South Carolina ILM JXN Mississippi OAJ LAF Louisiana ORF SFY SGF SPI

CHAPTER REVIEW
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1. He successfully completed a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean which created a massive interest in flying with the general public. ____________________________________ 2. The _________________________________is responsible for the safety of civil aviation. 3. Enumerate at least 2 major roles of your answer in #2: ________________________________________________________________ ____ ________________________________________________________________ ____ 4. The Computer Reservations System is also known as GDS, which stands for: ___________________________________________________ 5. What GDS system is being used by Hawaiian Airlines? _______________________ 6. A type of airline considered as the heavyweights of the airline industry. __________________________________ 7. Enumerate the three classes of service in an airline: ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 8. The physical partition that divides a plane into different sections is known as a __________________________. 9. What is the difference between a city code and an airport code? ________________________________________________________________ ____ ________________________________________________________________ ____ 10. Airport or city codes do not begin with what letters? _______________________

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CHAPTER II
HUBS AND SPOKES Hubs are strategically located airports used as transfer points for passengers and cargo traveling from one community to another. They are also collection points for passengers and cargo traveling to and from the immediate region to other parts of the country or points overseas. Airlines schedule banks of flights into and out of their hubs several times a day. Each bank includes dozens of planes arriving within minutes of each other. Once on the ground, the arriving passengers and cargo of those flights are transferred conveniently to other planes that will take them to their final destination.

Hawaii Hub (Oahu, Honolulu)

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Atlanta is a hub that serves many other cities throughout the U.S. and around the world. Benefits of the Hubs and Spokes System they enable them to serve far more markets than they could with the same size fleet, if they offered only direct, point-to-point service travelers can connect to dozens, sometimes hundreds of flights to different cities, and can often do so several times a day airlines with a hub-and-spoke have a better chance of keeping its passengers all the way to their final destination, rather than handing them off to other carriers travelers enjoy the advantage of staying with a single airline carriers can achieve higher load factors (percentage of seats filled) lowers unit operating costs, enabling airlines to offer lower fares

Most of the major airlines maintain hub and spoke systems, with hubs in several locations across the United States. Geographic location, of course, is a prime consideration in deciding where to put a hub. Another is the size of the local market. Airlines prefer to locate their hub airports at cities where there is already significant origin and destination traffic to help support their flights.

ANATOMY OF AN AIRLINE
While the operations of each specific airline may differ, there is a certain amount of similarity among each airline's structure. An airline's most important assets are its airplanes and its people. An airline can have the best planes in the world, but without the employees, an airline can't do anything. Airlines are most often represented in public by those employees who have the most contact with travelers, such as pilots and flight attendants, but there are many more airline employees working behind the scenes. Larger airlines may employ more people, but the employee categories are generally the same no matter what the size of the airline. Line personnel - This is the group of people you most often see during a flight, and they form 85 percent of an airline's labor force. Line personnel include pilots and flight attendants, reservation clerks, airport check-in and gate personnel and security guards.
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Operations - If line personnel form the heart of an airline, operations keeps its blood pumping. These people are responsible for scheduling aircraft and flight crews to man the aircraft. Operations personnel maintain guidelines to meet FAA standards, and they train the flight crews. Included in operations are the dispatchers, who track all of the airline's flights. Maintenance - Airplanes are multi-million-dollar vehicles that must be maintained in order to prevent the airline from losing money. Aircraft only make money for the airline when they are transporting passengers. About 10 percent of an airline's work force is dedicated t o aircraft maintenance.

Sales and marketing - If you wonder who sets your prices, you can usually find them in the sales and marketing divisions of an airline. These people are also tasked with advertising, cargo sales, reservations, customer service and food service.

PAPER TICKET VERSUS ELECTRONIC TICKET Paper Tickets

Paper tickets are so named because the flight coupons (the pieces of paper that contain the exact flight information and are labeled as flight coupons) are in paper form.

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Disadvantages of Paper Tickets: Tickets should be purchased in advance Ticket might be stolen or misplaced There is additional charge when a passenger requests for the ticket to be mailed It costs the airline more money to produce paper tickets

Electronic Tickets (e-ticket) An electronic ticket or e-ticket is also known as a ticket-less travel. Eticket records are stored in the PNR (Passenger Name Record) as a VCR (Virtual Coupon Record). VCRs contain all the same information that can be found on a paper ticket: passengers name, flight information (also known as FLIFO), fare amount, fare basis, etc. Benefits of e-tickets: Ticket is never lost or stolen Passengers may purchase e-tickets through reservations up to 90 minutes prior to their flight Passengers need not wait for ticket to be mailed via US mail Reduced cost for airline when it comes to producing, issuing and storing tickets

Check-in Kiosk A check in kiosk at the airport is a self-service alternative to checking in with an airline representative. It allows the customer to check-in, print a boarding pass, check luggage, change seats, or change flights completely on their own. For assistance, a customer often must get into the airline line to talk with a representative.

Ticketing Agreements

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Interline Ticketing Agreements between different airlines facilitate the movement of passengers and baggage from one airline to another on connecting flights. For example, a customer could begin a trip with American Airlines and then connect to a Northwest flight. Their interline agreements allow baggage to be automatically transferred from one airline to another. These agreements also allow one ticket to be issued for flights on different airlines. However, not all airlines participate in these agreements so this has to be checked before a ticket is used for flights on more than one airline. US TAXES & SURCHARGES Common Fees and Taxes and their codes: US U.S. Transportation Tax AY U.S. Security Fee Q - Fuel Surcharge XU U.S. Federal Inspection Fee YC Federal Inspection Fee XT Combined Taxes ZP Flight Segment Tax XF Passenger Facility Charge XG Canadian Goods/Services Tax XY U.S. Immigration Fee (Customs) XA Animal/Plant Health Inspection Fee

For General Reservations, the main taxes/surcharges dealt with are US, ZP, AY, Q and XF. Flight Segment Tax (ZP) o Collected each time a plane takes off or lands o There is no limit to the number of segments to be charged US Transportation Taxes (US) o Charged based on routing as well as the type of fare used. One itinerary may contain several different tax percentages based on their itinerary. o Applies to air travel wholly within the Continental US, Alaska and Hawaii US Security Fee (AY) o Collected for each enplanement at an airport in the USA and its possessions/territories (including Pango-pango)

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o $2.50 per take-off (maximum of $5.00 for a one way itinerary and $10.00 for a roundtrip itinerary) Fuel Surcharge (Q) o To cover the increased cost of jet fuel Passenger Facility Charge (XF) o Used to offset the cost of renovating and expanding airport facilities in the United States CHAPTER REVIEW 1. Strategically located airports used as transfer points for passengers and cargo traveling from one community to another are known as _______________. 2. Enumerate 2 benefits of the hubs and spokes system: ________________________________________________________________ ____ ________________________________________________________________ ____ 3. An airline's most important assets are its ______________ and its ____________ 4. The people responsible for scheduling aircraft and flight crews to man the aircraft are the _________________________. 5. _______________________ are tickets that are in paper form. 6. Enumerate 2 disadvantages of paper tickets: ________________________________________________________________ ____ ________________________________________________________________ ____ 7. An _______________________ is also known as a ticket-less travel. 8. Enumerate 2 benefits of e-tickets: ________________________________________________________________ ____ ________________________________________________________________ ____

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9. A self-service alternative to checking in with an airline representative is known as a ___________________________________. 10.What facilitates the movement of passengers and baggage from one airline to another on connecting flights? __________________________________________ 11.A type of surcharge that offsets the cost of renovating and expanding airport facilities in the U.S. is the _____________________________________________ 12._____________________________ is collected each time a plane takes off or lands. 13.The maximum amount of U.S. Security Fee collected for a round trip itinerary is __________. 14.To cover for increased cost of jet fuel, most airlines collect ________________. 15.What is one benefit of Interline Ticketing Agreements? ________________________________________________________________ ____

CHAPTER III
SPECIAL NEEDS PASSENGERS (Hawaiian Airlines is dedicated to making its services available to everyone, subject to applicable laws and governmental restrictions.) Unaccompanied Children (UMNR) An Unaccompanied Minor is a child traveling without a parent, guardian, or another trusted adult that the child knows. The age requirements vary by carrier. It is always advisable to contact the airline to make sure that they accept unaccompanied minors. Many airlines require this information at the time of booking. Some airlines permit all UMNRs to have connecting flights if needed;

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some will allow unaccompanied minors that are of a certain age to have connections; and some will not permit connecting flights at all; most will not allow travel on the last flight of the day. Children traveling unaccompanied pay a full adult fare. An additional service charge is collected to cover extra handling required when an unaccompanied child travels. Between the Continental USA and Hawaii: Children under 15 years of age who are not accompanied on the same flight and in the same compartment by a passenger 18 years of age or over are not accepted for transportation. For travel wholly within the State of Hawaii: Children under 12 years of age who are not accompanied on the same flight and in the same compartment by a passenger 16 years of age or over are not accepted for transportation for travel. Unaccompanied Children must be brought to the airport by a parent, guardian or responsible adult who shall stay with the child until enplanement, and furnish evidence to Hawaiian Airlines that the child will be met by a parent, guardian or designated adult at the destination upon deplanement. Hawaiian Airlines will escort the unaccompanied child from the boarding of the aircraft until the child is met at the destination. Hawaiian Airlines requires identification and signature of the person meeting the unaccompanied child. Service charges and certain restrictions may apply. Disabled Travelers Hawaiian Airlines recommends that disabled passengers traveling with medical devices or requiring special services (such as oxygen during flight or the packaging of a wheelchair battery for shipment as checked baggage) make their reservations as early as possible and no later than forty-eight (48) hours in advance of their flight. In order to allow time for screening and pre-boarding processing, it is recommended to check-in at the airport no later than one (1) hour in advance of flight departure. Wheelchairs and other mobility devices accompanying disabled travelers will be accepted as cabin or checked baggage, free of charge. Check-in and surrender of devices that have special assembly or hazardous materials considerations must be accomplished at least one (1) hour before departure so that such devices may be properly disassembled and stowed.
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Service Animals Service animals such as canines are permitted without charge with proper documentation or credible verbal assurances that they are rescue/bomb-sniffing/law enforcement animals or are providing assistance to a disabled person with mobility, visual or hearing disabilities. A service animal must occupy the floor space where the passenger sits and cannot obstruct an aisle or areas that must remain clear for emergency evacuation. Quarantine laws may apply to certain destinations. It is the customer's responsibility to ensure compliance with all entry regulations.

FREQUENT FLIER PROGRAM A frequent flyer program (FFP) is a service offered by many airlines to reward customer loyalty. Typically, airline customers enrolled in the program accumulate points corresponding to the distance flown on that airline. Accrued points (also known as frequent flyer miles) can be redeemed for free air travel; for other goods or services; or for increased benefits, such as airport lounge access or priority bookings. Many programs also allow points to be obtained not just through flying, but by staying at participating hotels, or renting a vehicle from a participating company. Other methods include credit cards that offer points for charges made to the card, and systems which allow restaurant diners to earn miles by eating at participating restaurants.
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Programs differ on the expiration of points. Some expire after a fixed time, and others expire if the account is inactive for an extended period (for example, three years).

HawaiianMiles is Hawaiian Airlines frequent flyer program. Miles accumulated in the program allow members to redeem tickets, upgrade service class, or obtain free or discounted car rentals, hotel stays, merchandise, or other products and services through partners. The most active members, based on the amount and price of travel booked, are designated Pualani Gold and Pualani Platinum, with privileges such as separate check-in, priority upgrade and standby processing, or complimentary upgrades. Hawaiian Airlines has frequent flyer partnerships with the following airlines: American Airlines Continental Airlines Northwest Airlines Virgin Atlantic Airways Virgin Blue

Airline Lingo Travel agents and airline employees use certain verbiage that is generally not used with passengers or customers. These terms are industry-specific and may actually be confusing when used with passengers. However, they are common place in our industry and knowing the lingo will help you understand and communicate more effectively with each other. The following is a list of the more common terms that may be heard on a daily basis:

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No show

A term used by airlines for people who do not cancel or change their flight but do not appear for the flight An agent's two-letter or alphanumeric personal identification code Every airline is assigned a two-letter alpha code and a three-digit numeric code. For example, Alaska Airlines alpha code is AS and its numeric code is 027. The alpha code is used primarily for flight schedules, while the numeric code is used primarily for accounting purposes. Unique three-letter code assigned to all airports. Each airport in a given city will have its OWN airport code. For example, the airport code for La Guardia Airport in New York City is LGA, while the airport code for John F. Kennedy is JFK. Known as Arrival Unknown, this is a segment placed into the itinerary of a GDS booking designating surface transportation. amount of baggage a passenger may transport without having to pay extra charges. Each air carrier determines this allowance. Price or fare, excluding taxes and fees Many discounts do not apply during busy travel times, such as holidays. Excursion and promotional fares may be blacked out. the airline, on whose flight the passenger is to be carried from a boarding point a paper document issued to the passenger that allows boarding on a ship, plane, train, or other form of transportation. the airline where the passenger made his/her original reservations 23

Agent Sine Airline codes

Airport Code

ARNK

Baggage Allowance

Base Fare Blackout dates

Boarding Airline Boarding Pass

Booking Airline

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Booking/Reservation Bulkhead Seat

the accommodation held for a passenger on a given flight/s The first row of seats in an aircrafts compartment. Because of the ample legroom, this seating preference is usually assigned at gate and usually given to families with small children. the class or service between first class and coach class, most commonly offered on international flights as a popular alternative to the more expensive first class. the amount charged when a traveler cancels a reservation. An airline that transports passengers Each passenger is allowed at least one piece of baggage to be carried onboard the aircraft provided it can be stowed beneath the seat or in an overhead compartment. Airlines may allow for one additional piece, provided there is ample storage space. fee collected by the airlines when a passenger makes changes to a restricted ticket (reservation must be ticketed in order for the change fee/s to apply) A flight specially scheduled for designated routes reserved by a private group or tour operator is called a charter Baggage which a traveler has given over to the care of the carrier or other responsible party A procedure that all passengers must do to receive a boarding pass and, if needed, seat assignment. The process allows the airline to update their system to show those who have arrived at the airport for the flight. Check-in time for domestic flights is one hour before departure and two or three hours for 24

Business Class

Cancellation Fee Carrier Carry-on baggage

Change Fee

Charter

Checked Baggage Check-in

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international. Airlines usually require passengers to check-in and be at the boarding gate at least ten minutes before the scheduled departure time of the flight. Failure to do so may result in cancellation of a passenger's reservation for all segments. Circle-trip A journey in which the return trip uses a different route or a different carrier from that used for the outgoing trip (involves two or more stopovers) Departure and arrival cities Classes of service offered by airlines includes: first, business, and coach/economy also known as economy or tourist class An agreement under which one airline shares the code used by another airline on selected routes. The two airlines may sell seats on each others planes or carry each others passengers. As one example, Air Canada and Canadian Airlines code-share service with each other. Usually a turbo prop plane flying shorter routes between major airports and smaller airports. Every major airline has a commuter service flying these routes (i.e. American Airlines and American Eagle). An example of a commuter flight would be a American Eagle flight from Saint Louis to Springfield, Missouri. The layout of seats and rows on an aircraft the code assigned to a travel itinerary that identifies the passenger and gives the agent an easy way to locate the entire travelers information. air transportation arrangement that requires a passenger to change planes before reaching their final destination 25

City Pair Class of service Coach Class Code-sharing

Commuter

Configuration of Plane Confirmation Code

Connecting Flight

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Connecting Time

the published minimum time estimated for a passenger to change aircraft at an intermediate airport. Such connecting times will vary at each airport and between different airlines serving those airports flight arrangements that require a change of aircraft at an intermediate airport A service that allows passengers to check their bags and/or get seat assignments outside a airport terminal building a rare situation in which a ticketed passenger may not be allowed to board their scheduled flight. Tax levied on travelers when they leave a To disembark from an aircraft for the purpose of terminating a flight A direct link to a specific airline through the GDS System (Apollo) or program that gives the user the capability of connecting directly into a vendor's computer system to get last-minute information about seat or product availability flights on which the traveler does not make a connection to another aircraft (it may or may not have a stopover) a traveler is holding more than one reservation for travel along the same routing. The airline may cancel all reservations without notification Actual time an airplane spends in the air, as opposed to time spent taxiing to and from the gate and during stopovers also known as e-ticket; it resides in the computer system and is not printed out as an accountable document 26

Connections Curbside Check in

Denied Boarding

Departure Tax country Deplane Direct Access

Direct Flights

Duplicate Bookings

Elapsed Flying Time

Electronic Ticket

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Estimated Flying Time Excursion Fare

estimated flying time between departure city and destination or connecting point discounted fares that require roundtrip travel on the same carrier and a minimum stay over at the destination A code used in fares and ticketing to define the type of fare or ticket that a passenger is traveling on. These codes will usually contain codes that indicate the class of service and advance purchase or other conditions linked to the fare. to distinguish one fare level from another, the airlines assign special purchasing rules and restrictions. Generally, the lower the fare, the more restrictions a fare has Generally the most expensive class of service is first class. First class passengers sit in a wider, more comfortable seat and pay no extra charge for drinks, headsets, or movies. a membership program offered directly to the traveler by the air carrier enabling members to accumulate miles (points) and redeem them according to the terms and conditions of the air carrier An additional per-ticket fee added to a fare by an airline or other carrier to cover the increased cost of fuel to the carrier. Fuel surcharges are seldom quoted in the fare Cities serving as the arrival or departure points for international travel The time of year when rates and travel peak The return flight portion of a ticket entertainment, meals, beverages and miscellaneous items 27

Fare Basis Code

Fare Rules

First Class

Frequent Flier Program

Fuel Surcharge

Gateway cities High season Inbound In-flight Service

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Interline

used in conjunction with another word to describe anything involving two or more airlines (interline itinerary, interline transaction, etc.) A stop along the way of a longer journey before a final stop. the complete schedule and travel arrangements for a trip For domestic flights, a stop of up to 4 hours, during the flight portion of a trip, involving a change of airplanes or another form of transportation Also called segment; portion of an itinerary One single flight

Intermediate Stop Itinerary Layover

Leg Low season Meet and Assist

The season when rates and travel slow down; Winter months are considered the low season. MAAS is the abbreviated form for Meet and Assist, used in computer reservations systems. It indicates that the passenger needs to be assisted in some way by an airline agent. a term used to describe a city or metropolitan area that has more than one major, commercial airport A ticket, which cannot be returned for cash or credit if unused, but may be changeable for a fee a flight that does not stop between point of departure and destination A ticket issued in a particular name that cannot be used by another passenger. In other words, names cannot be changed on a ticket. A journey from an originating city to a destination city with no return to the origin

Multiple Airport City

Non-Refundable

Non-stop Non-transferable

One Way

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Open Jaw Travel

Other Service

A trip like a roundtrip, except the passenger either returns to a city different from the point of origin or departs from a city other than the original destination OSI entered into a Passenger Name Record (ticket numbers, etc.) Generate a message to the airline but does not require a response from the airline The portion of the trip where a passenger is leaving the departure city of a flight itinerary and is traveling to a destination, or destinations The practice by airlines of confirming more seats on an aircraft that are actually available

Outbound

Overbooking

Passenger Facility Charge (PFC) a per passenger airport tax authorized by the US Congress for upgrading and expanding local airport facilities Passenger Name Record (PNR) a record of each passengers travel requirements which contains all information necessary to enable reservations to be processed and controlled by the booking and participating airlines Travel industry term for the word Passenger (Not for use with customers) Referring to fares between two cities the notification by teletype, commercial wire or mail that a person in one city has requested the issuance of prepaid transportation to another person(s) in another city. The use of the PTA permits the issuance of a ticket at a point other than the point of payment. Advertised specials having the same restrictions as excursion fares. These fares require tickets to be purchased and travel be completed by a certain date Most promotional fares have blackout dates and require travel on certain days of the week. 29

PAX Point to point Prepaid Ticket Advice (PTA)

Promotional Fares

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Proof of Citizenship

a government issued document that establishes a travelers nationality to the satisfaction of a foreign government. It may be an original or certified copy of a birth certificate or a passport a government issued document that establishes a travelers identity (drivers license, birth certificate, passport) Queues are an electronic filing system in a GDS. Each response needed by an airline or travel agent is placed on unique assignment based on their pseudo city code or location and type of action needed. procedure whereby passengers are required to advise the airline of their intention to use the space reserved. It is also wise to reconfirm flights to make sure there are no flight delays or cancellations due to inclement weather conditions Parts of a PNR include: itinerary, name, phone number, and ticket documentation. Time-specific flight that is often cheaper; Departs in the late evening and arrives in the early morning (often the last flight of the day for some carriers) airlines serving specified areas or regions of the country special fares available only for specified times of day or days of the week specific period during which special fare or rates apply a method by which an airline gives the authority to change a flight time or date of travel without having to reissue the ticket a journey from point A to point B and back to point A 30

Proof of Identity Queues

Reconfirmation

Record Red Eye Flight

Regional Carriers Restricted Fares Restricted Travel Dates Revalidation

Round Trip

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Security Surcharge Segment Senior Fares Special Services

An additional fee levied on an airline ticket to pay for increased security measures at airports Each flight in a travelers itinerary; also known as a leg or portion Fares giving discounted or set fares to people age 62 and/or 65 or older an airline term that designates a passenger who has special requests such as requiring assistance boarding or deplaning, or requests for a wheelchair; a message is generated to the airline, and the airline must respond A person trying to obtain space on a flight listed as full, is flying space available, or standby. A traveler who does not have a confirmed reservation must wait at the airline gate for a seat to become available. Available seats are given to passengers who check in first. A seat may not become available for standby passenger on some flights. Most airlines allow passengers to standby on their ticketed day of departure without a standby fee. Airlines have different standby rules. a deliberate interruption of a journey by a passenger, at a point between the place of original departure and place of destination which was agreed to in advance by the airline a single fare charged for travel between 2 cities via a connecting city

Standby

Stopover

Through Fare

Ticket when completed and validated, the electronic or paper ticket becomes a contract for transportation between a carrier and a passenger Ticketing Time Limit the time, as agreed with the airline, by which a passenger must secure his/her ticket for his/her confirmed reservation. The passenger meets this requirement by purchasing a ticket that indicates his/her reserved space, or by having a 31

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previously issued ticket revalidated or reissued to reflect the reserved space Unaccompanied Minor (UMNR) Children not traveling with an adult require special documentation and special escort fees may apply. The permitted age of travel is airline-dependent and specifics should be checked with the airline. To move to the next higher category, as to upgrade a passenger from coach to first class passengers with electronic tickets will have their information stored in a virtual coupon record stored in the CRS (for Hawaiian Airlines, they use SABRE); VCRs contain the same ticketing information for a passengers reservation that a paper ticket would

Upgrade Virtual Coupon Record (VCR)

Visa

a validating document placed in a passport by a foreign government, indicating that the travelers passport has been examined and the passport holder may travel to that specific country. Not all countries require visas Any document used to confirm arrangements, identify clients, indicate payments made, or offer a discount for transportation and/or amenities to a passenger inconvenienced by an airline The formal acknowledgment of dismissal of a requirement also referred to as an internet fare, a highly restricted fare the airline offers only on the internet for a limited period of time

Voucher

Waiver Web Fare

Zulu

also known as Greenwich Mean Time, located at 0 longitude. Greenwich is an area near London, England. The alpha letter Z represents 0 longitude and Z in the phonetic alphabet is Zulu

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CHAPTER REVIEW 1. An Unaccompanied Minor or UMNR is __________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________ 2. UMNRs are not allowed on what flight? _________________________________ 3. Hawaiian Airlines requires _______________ and ___________________ of the person meeting the unaccompanied child. 4. Disabled passengers traveling with medical devices or requiring special services should make their reservations as early as possible and no later than ____hours in advance of their flight. 5. TRUE or FALSE: Wheelchairs and other mobility devices accompanying disabled travelers will be accepted as cabin or checked baggage, with applicable fees. 6. TRUE or FALSE: Service animals provide assistance to a disabled person with mobility, visual or hearing disabilities. 7. What is a Frequent Flier Program or FFP? _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 8. __________________________ is Hawaiian Airlines frequent flyer program.
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9. TRUE or FALSE: No Show is a term used when there is no movie shown inside the aircraft during a long-haul flight. 10. ARNK is an acronym for ________________________________________________ 11. TRUE or FALSE: bulkhead seats are seats that are prereserved by bulk 12. City pair is another term for ___________________________________________ 13.The layout of seats and rows on an aircraft is called _______________________ 14. _______________ is the complete schedule and travel arrangements for a trip 15.A ticket, which cannot be returned for cash or credit if unused, but may be changeable for a fee 16. Travel industry term for the word Passenger is __________ 17. What is the difference between proof of citizenship and proof of identity? K - Kilo L - Lima M - Mike N - November O - Oscar P - Papa Q - Quebec R - Romeo S - Sierra T - Tango U - Uniform V - Victor W - Whiskey X - X-ray Y - Yankee Z - Zulu

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION:

THE AIRLINE PHONETICS

A - Alpha B - Bravo C - Charlie D - Delta E - Echo F - Foxtrot G - Golf H - Hotel I - India J - Juliet
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DAYS OF THE WEEK

S M T W Q F J Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

MONTH ABBREVIATIONS
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC January February March April May June July August September October November December

CAR RENTAL CODES (CAR) ECAR Economy 2 door automatic CDAR Compact 4 door automatic IDAR Intermediate 4 door automatic (midsize) SCAR Standard/Full size 2 door automatic MVAR Minivan STAR/ITAR Convertible

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Hawaiian Airlines Boeing 717-200 (717) These planes are only used for inter-island flights. pitch First Class: Coach Class: 38.0" 3031.0" widt seating h details 20.0 " 18.0 6.0 inches of " recline

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Hawaiian Airlines Boeing 767-300 (763) Used for transpacific and international travel. Seats in the mini-cabin are reported to have a few less inches of legroom compared to the larger cabin which starts at row 17. pitc h 42. First Class: 0" 32. Coach Class: 0" widt h 18.5 " 18.0 " seating details

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Aircraft Airbus 330-200 Hawaiian Airlines (HA) Destinations: INTER-ISLAND: AIRPORT: CODE: HILO, Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITO HONOLULU, Oahu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HNL KAHULUI, Maui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OGG KAILUA-KONA, Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . KOA LIHUE, KAUAI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LIH

AIRPORT: CODE: LAS VEGAS, Nevada(NV) . . . . . . . . . . .LAS LOS ANGELES, California(CA) . . . . . . . .LAX PHOENIX, Arizona(AZ) . . . . . . . . . . . . PHX PORTLAND, Oregon(OR) . . . . . . . . . . .PDX SACRAMENTO, California(CA) . . . . . . . .SMF SAN DIEGO, California(CA) . . . . . . . . . .SAN SAN FRANCISCO, California(CA) . . . . . .SFO SAN JOSE, California(CA) . . . . . . . . . . SJC SEATTLE, Washington(WA) . . . . . . . . . SEA OAKLAND, California(CA) . . . . . . . . . . OAK INTERNATIONAL:

TRANSPACIFIC:

AIRPORT: CODE: SYDNEY, Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SYD PAGO PAGO, American Samoa . . . . . . .PPG PAPEETE, French Polynesia . . . . . . . . .PPT MANILA, Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . MNL TOKYO,Japan .HND CODE SHARE DESTINATIONS (HA Marketing Carrier) AIRPORT: CODE: KAPALUA,Maui JHM LANAI .LNY MOLOKAI..MKK
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***Operated by ISLAND AIR (WP) CODE: AIRPORT:

FRESNO, California .FAT MONTEREY, California .MRY SANTA BARBARA, California .SBA SAN DIEGO, California ..SAN ***Operated by AMERICAN AIRLINES/ AMERICAN EAGLE (AA/MQ) AIRPORT: CODE: CLEVELAND, Ohio ..CLE ***Operated by CONTINENTAL AIRLINES (CO) AIRPORT: CODE: SEOUL INCHEON Intl Korea Republic ..ICN BUSAN, Korea Republic BUS BANGKOK, Thailand ..BKK ***Operated by Korean Airlines (KE)

Hawaii: An Overview Hawaii was discovered by Polynesian settlers between the 3rd and 7th centuries A.D. and later by British Captain James Cook in 1778. Hawaii is the only state that is not part of the North American continent. It is also the southernmost of the states, lying about as far south as central Mexico. A chain of 132 islands make up the state we call Hawaii, though we generally only think of the eight main islands, each of which is the top of a submerged volcanic mountain. The remaining 124 islands together only comprise about three square miles and are not fit for human habitation. All of the main islands, with the exception of Kahoolawe, are inhabited. Some of the coastline is comprised of tall cliffs rising straight up from the waters edge. In some places, large rocks of lava protrude from the water along the shore.
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Most of the beaches on the islands serve up beautiful white sand. Some beaches are covered with black sand, formed when molten lava met the ocean.

Hawaii the State

Hawaii is the 50th state in the USA; it became a state on August 21, 1959. It consists of a long chain of islands in the Pacific Ocean. State Abbreviation - HI State Capital - Honolulu Largest City - Honolulu Area - 10,932 square miles [Hawaii is the 43rd biggest state in the USA] Population - 1,211,537 (as of 2000) [Hawaii is the 42nd most populous state in the USA] Name for Residents - Hawaiians Major Industries - tourism, agriculture (bananas, pineapples, macadamia nuts, taro) The Islands of Hawaii Oahu
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Most visitors to Hawaii start their trip in Honolulu on the island of Oahu (- hoo). About eighty percent (80%) of the states population lives on the island. One of the major tourist attractions is Waikiki Beach, a 2.5-mile strip that serves over 40,000 hotel rooms. Honolulu, the state capital, is an international city with a variety of shops and restaurants. With Waikiki as a central hub, you can explore the legendary North Shore of Oahu one day, and spend the next day on the east side snorkeling at Hanauma Bay, a protected marine sanctuary with tons of colorful fish. Its clear that Oahu offers just the right amount of diversity for the adventurous as well as the cautious visitor. Thrill seekers can skydive at Mokuleia while daydreamers can relax peacefully on the beach. Exquisite dining and exciting nightlife also entice people to Oahu again and again. Oahus climate varies from the high 80s in the summer, to winter temperatures in the lower 70s, with night temperatures averaging about 15 degrees lower. Some of the attractions to be found on Oahu include: Pearl Harbor and the USS Arizona Memorial Polynesian Cultural Center Diamond Head Kapiolani Gardens Paki Honolulus Zoo Queen Kapiolani Park Located between Diamond Head and Waikiki beach on 500 acres offering aquariums, polo fields, soccer fields, picnic areas, and beautiful grounds. Kodak Hula Show Hawaiian dancing and heritage is displayed daily. Aloha Tower Marketplace Commercial and retail center with cultural galleries and shops. This is also the harbor for cruise ships. Waikiki Aquarium Home of humuhumunukunukuapuaa Hawaiian fish and 200 different species from the South Pacific. Facts: Population: 876,156 Area: 597 sq. miles The most populated island, where Honolulu is the Capital City, the principal port, the major airport, and
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Maui

business and financial center, and the educational heart of the State. Oahu is the military command center of the Pacific. Waikiki is the visitor center. Landmarks: Nuuanu Pali, Diamond Head, Pearl Harbor.

Maui (mou) the Valley Isle named for the seven-mile wide stretch that links the islands two volcanoes. Maui is also known as the Magic Isle and is the second largest of the Hawaiian Islands. Maui is shaped liked a steers head -- the ear being west and the head being inland or east. Mt. Haleakala and the West Maui Mountains divide Maui. Haleakala is the largest volcano (dormant) on the island. Maui, a 27-minute flight from Honolulu, has 3 offshore islands from McGregor Point in Lahaina. The offshore islands are Molokini, Kahoolawe, and Lanai. Maui is divided into 7 main areas. They are Kahului/Wailuku, Hana, Haleakala, Lahaina, Kahana/Kaanapali, and Wailea. Kahului and Wailuku are the main commercial and civic centers. Lahaina is the capital of the island and is the historic district. With white sand beaches and crystal clear waters, Maui is ideal for sunbathing, snorkeling and snoozing! But once youve gotten enough sun, Mauis also a great place for shopping and sightseeing. Once the capital of Hawaii, Lahaina was the largest whaling port of the Pacific during the 1800s. Today, it's a National Historic District with restored buildings, museums, missionary homes and a replica of a 19th century whaling ship not to mention fun places to eat and shop along the historic waterfront. On the opposite side of the island, the long road to Hana will lead you to the waterfall fed pools at Oheo Gulch, a perfect place to stretch your legs and take in the view. After touring the island, you may need to unwind in Wailea with a
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pampering spa treatment. Its no wonder visitors return here year after year. Some of the activities/attractions to be found on Maui include: Whale Watching Best time is November to June in the Lahaina area. Deep-Sea Fishing Available at the harbor of Lahaina. Scuba/Skin Diving Popular areas are Wailea, Makena, Kaanapali, and Honolua offering a variety of diving options. Horseback riding Available at Makean Oheo and Haleakala Park. Shopping Complexes and boutiques are located at Kahului and Kaanapali. Golfing Several courses are available at Makena, Kaanapali, and Wailea. Botanical Gardens The Maui Zoological Society has samples of animals, foliage, and flowers. It also features tropical birds, ostriches, monkeys, and native plants. Surfing In the areas of Lahaina, Hoaloha Park, Maalaea Bay, Papalaua, and Olowalu. Beaches the most popular beach area is Kaanapali. There are several others like Hoaloha (Kahului), Waihee (Wailuku), Hookipa (Hana), and Napili (Kaanapali area). Facts: Population: 117,644 Area: 727 sq. miles The "Magic Isle" produces sugar, pineapple, cattle and horses. The 10,023-foot Haleakala is the largest dormant volcano crater in the world. Lahaina was Hawaii's capital before 1845, and still has some of the atmosphere of an old whaling town. Nearby are the Kaanapali and Wailea resort areas and golf courses. Hana and Iao Valley draw many visitors. Kauai Kauai (kou) means The Garden Isle, named for its rich, tropical beauty. Kauai is the oldest and northernmost of the eight (8) major islands. Lihue is a 20minute flight from Honolulu. The island has served as the setting for several
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movies including Blue Hawaiian, South Pacific, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and Jurassic Park. From the spectacular views at Waimea Canyon to the verdant vistas along the Napali Coast, Kauai can astound you. More and more people are coming to Kauai because they are attracted to its natural beauty and laidback atmosphere. Visitors are also drawn to Kauai for its gorgeous tropical rainforests, some of which can only be accessed by helicopter. These aerial tours take you into the heart of the island and offer spectacular scenic views that will remain with you long after your vacation ends. The climate on the island varies from hot sandy plains to lush river valleys to high mountain rainforests. Summer temperatures are in the mid- to high-80s while winter temperatures are in the mid-60s. Kauai offers a variety of activities for the tourist, including golfing, bicycling, surfing, and whale watching. Kauai also has the only navigable rivers in the state. Some of the activities/attractions to be found on Kauai include: Fern Grotto: Take a fun and informative boat ride up Kauai's Wailua River to get to Kauai's oldest and most popular visitor attraction, Fern Grotto. Visit Waimea Canyon: Nicknamed the "Grand Canyon of the Pacific" by author Mark Twain, Waimea Canyon is one of Kauai's natural wonders with canyons eroded by water, wind and rain. Waimea Canyon is the largest canyon in the Pacific measuring 10 miles long, 2 mile wide and over 3,500 feet deep. Poipu Beach Park: Pack a picnic basket for an all-day adventure at this favorite family spot, which is also Kauai's best beach for swimming, snorkeling and bodysurfing. Facts: Population: 58,303 Area: 552 sq. miles The "Garden Island" offers magnificent scenery and lush vegetation, beautiful waterfalls, the spectacular

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Waimea Canyon, the great "hidden" valley of Kalalau, colorful tropical plants and flowers. Landmarks: Hanalei Bay, Wailua River, Nawiliwili Bay, Poipu Beach.

Hawaii (The Big Island) The Big Island of Hawaii is also known as The Orchid Island for the many varieties of orchids that grow there. The west side of the island is usually the sunniest, while the east side is very tropical. The island is best known for its volcanoes because there are five (5) major volcano areas Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Hualailai, Mauna Kea, and Kohala. Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano, and Mauna Kea is the largest island-based mountain in the world. Explore Hawaii's Big Island, and sense the power of volcano goddess Pele as she creates new land over old. See new vegetation growing in seemingly impossible pockets -micro views of natural cycles that civilization obscures elsewhere. Molten lava flows glowing in the dark night are a spectacular sight -- destruction and creation on a grand scale. Molten lava is the Big Island's hottest attraction, but you can also explore the cool depths of a sunstruck ocean; see local sights on foot or horseback; uncover art treasures in tiny plantation towns, play top-flight golf on internationally-renown courses; walk the paths ancient Hawaiians traveled; have a cup of Kona coffee at the source; visit cattle country, home of the paniolo Hawaiian cowboys. Wherever you go on Hawaii's Big Island, chances are it'll be a new experience, even if you've been there before! E komo mai, explore to your heart's content. Even today, Hawaii's Big Island's fabulous beaches remain a bit of a well-kept secret, even though Hapuna Beach and Kauna'oa Beach both have topped the list of America's Best Beaches in the last 5 years! Actually we've got a question for you: what color beach do you want today? For here sand comes in three varieties: white, black formed from lava crystals
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cooled by the ocean and broken down by waves, and green, so named because of the tiny volcanic olivine crystals that give the sand its distinct emerald hue. All of the beaches are uncrowded. In fact, you could stay for weeks and still not explore them all. Two airports serve the islands two regions Ke-ahole Airport in Kona, and General Lyman Field in Hilo. Kona is recommended for customers interested in deep-sea fishing, diving, sunsets, and golf, while Hilo is recommended for customers interested in the orchids, photography, hiking, and volcanoes. Most accommodations on the island are in the Kona district; Hilo offers limited camping that generally requires reservations booked a year in advance. Temperatures range from the mid-80s in the summer to the 60s in the winter. Some of the activities/attractions to be found on the island of Hawaii include: Hawaii Volcanoes National Park: On the Big Island, you'll find Kilauea, the world's most active volcano, Mauna Loa, the earth's largest volcano, and Mauna Kea, Hawaii's tallest volcano. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park has more than 150 miles of trails for hiking, backpacking, camping, petroglyphs and the Thurston Lava Tube 3, also known as "Nahuku." Kona-Kohala Coast: The 40-mile coastline of the sunny Kona-Kohala Coast has many important historical sites as well as the world's top resorts and the sunniest beaches such as Hapuna Beach, a beautiful stretch of white-sand beach with gentle rolling surf. Walk remnants of the King's Trail, an ancient coastal path. Visit Puukohola Heiau, the last temple built during Kamehameha's reign. Mauna Kea: Mauna Kea, elevation 13,796' above sea level, is actually one of the world's tallest mountains -some 33,000' high when measured from its base at the bottom of the sea. Keck Telescope on the summit of Mauna Kea is considered the world's largest optical and infrared observatory. Parker Ranch: One of the largest single owned ranches in the United States, founded 150 years ago. Facts Population: 148,677 Area: 4,028 sq. miles
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Hawaii's Big Island has spectacular contrasts...the mighty volcanoes Mauna Loa (13,679 feet) and Kilauea, lofty snow clad Mauna Kea (13,796 feet), the Kau Desert, gorgeous waterfalls, the Puna Fern Forest, and the colorful orchids of Hilo. The island grows sugar, coffee, cattle and macadamia nuts. Landmarks: Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Kealakekua Bay, Kailua-Kona, Kawaihae, Parker Ranch, Waipio Valley.

Molokai Molokai offers the perfect place for ultimate relaxation, though you can always find some interesting things to do. Try your hand at fishing with the locals or be adventurous and go sportfishing out in the open ocean. Intimate hiking and breathtaking bicycle tours are also available. For a truly unique experience, visitors aged 16 years and older can take a mule ride down the steep cliff to Kalaupapa National Historical Park, the isolated and historic settlement of those inflicted with Hansens Disease. Some of the activities/ attractions to be found on Molokai include: Papohaku Beach Park: At three miles long and 100 yards wide, Papohaku Beach is Hawaii's largest white-sand beach making it the perfect place for sun bathing, picnics, camping, sunset watching and kite flying! Kaupoa Beach: At the end of a rocky shoreline is Kaupoa Beach, which is known as a great swimming spot when the waters are calm. Kaupoa's wide sandy beach is great for hours of sunbathing and fun tidal pool explorations. Facts Population: 7,404 Area: 260 sq. miles The "Friendly Isle" has diversified agriculture, ranching, tourism and the world's highest sea cliffs along its northern coast. On a 13-square-mile peninsula below high cliffs is Kalaupapa, the Hansen's Disease

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settlement, officially called Kalawao County, a National Historical Park. Lanai This charming island is home to just over 3,000 people, making it the perfect place for rest relaxation, rejuvenation, rediscovery and romance. From beautiful Manele Bay to the bumpy road and scenic views of the Munro Trail, you'll find a wide range of activities to please just about everyone. Golf on two challenging courses or go snorkeling in crystal clear waters at Hulopoe Beach. The resorts also offer excellent services for your indulgence. Some of the activities/attractions to be found on Lanai include: Garden of the Gods: Rocks and boulders are scattered across a crimson landscape as if some divine being had placed them there as a sculpture garden. Adjacent is a self-guided nature trail leading through the Kanepuu Preserve, a unique dryland forest hosting some 48 native species, including the endangered Hawaiian gardenia. Shipwreck Beach: Kaiolohia Beach or "Shipwreck" Beach is the best place for beachcombers looking for "treasures" from beach glass to drift wood to glass floats. Hulopoe: Hulopoe Bay is Lanai's best spot to see spinner dolphins and humpback whales. Or explore lava tide pools along the bay's south shore during low tide but don't disturb the marine life since the bay is a protected marine preserve. Facts Population: 3,193 Area: 140 sq. miles "Hawaii's Most Enticing Island." Formerly known as the "Pineapple Island," almost the entire island was, until recently, a Dole Company pineapple plantation but is now phasing in tourism, and is home to two world class resorts.

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