CAPACITOR SIZE AND LOCATION PROGRAM

EDSA MICRO CORPORATION 16870 West Bernardo Drive, Suite 330 San Diego, CA 92127 U.S.A. Copyright 2008 All Rights Reserved

Version 4.10.00

September 2008

EDSA MICRO CORPORATION

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Capacitor Size and Location Optimization

Table of Contents
I. II. III. V. VI. VII. FOREWORD ............................................................................................................... Page 1 PURPOSES ................................................................................................................ Page 1 BASIC PRINCIPLE ..................................................................................................... Page 2 INPUT DATA............................................................................................................... Page 2 OUTPUT DESCRIPTIONS ......................................................................................... Page 3 HOW TO RUN THE PROGRAM................................................................................. Page 4

List of Figures
Figure 1: Opening the Sample Jobfile for the Capacitor Size and Location Program ....... Page Figure 2: Single Line Diagram of the Sample Network......................................................... Page Figure 3: Capacitor Size Parameters Dialog ........................................................................ Page Figure 4: Specifying the Solution Options for the Capacitor Size Program ....................... Page Figure 5: Selecting the Reports for the Capacitor Size Program ....................................... Page Note: manual on your CD as an Adobe Acrobat PDF file. The file name is: Capacitor Size and Location Program CapSize.pdf You will find the Test/Job files used in this tutorial in the following location: C:\DesignBase\Samples\CapSize Test Files: = Capacitor Sizing Capsz, Capsz2 4 5 6 7 8

You can view this

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ii

Capacitor Size and Location Optimization

I.

Foreword
EDSA Capacitor Size and Location program has been designed to help the design engineer select capacitors that satisfy the load requirements of the system under study. In writing this program, it has been assumed that the user is a Professional Engineer familiar with the subject of selecting capacitors to meet system needs. Determination of validity of the results, and whether the program is applicable to a system, is uniquely and exclusively the responsibility of the user. This program is undergoing continuous development and refinement. As with all our products, EDSA is committed in making the Capacitor Size and Location program as current, comprehensive and easy to use as possible. Any comments, suggestions or errors encountered in either the results or documentation should be immediately brought to EDSA's attention. The present version of the program automatically determines the required capacitor size to achieve minimum cost and desired level of power factor correction measured at user-defined location in the network. The power system engineer normally intuitively knows the optimum location of capacitor in the power system under study. Also, since this program can determine the required capacitor size extremely fast and efficient, a large of number of candidate capacitor locations can be evaluated in a short period of time thereby eliminating the need for optimising the location. For the convenience of the users and for the cases where the optimum capacitor location is not known, the next release of the program will include an optimisation technique to arrive not only at the optimum size but also the best location of the required capacitor.

II.

Purposes
Application of shunt capacitors in power systems is an economically beneficial measure to utilities. The advantages include: (1) Releasing a certain KVA that can be used to feed additional loads in the system. Electricity suppliers charge their customers in terms of both KWh (energy consumptions) and KVA (power demand). Decreasing of KVA at the substation leads to cost saving Improving power factor at the substation Boosting the load level of the system, so that for the same maximum voltage drop additional loads could be supplied In most cases, reducing power and energy losses in the power system

(2) (3) (4)

On the other hand, the installation of a capacitor requires an investment cost. Therefore, a compromise should be made in order to determine the size and the location of a capacitor in the power system. The objective is to minimize the total cost of the substation KVA charge, of energy loss cost and of capacitor investment.

Capacitor Size and Location Optimization

The EDSA capacitor size and location program conducts calculations with the objective to achieve a desired power factor, hence, minimize the total cost. This program also performs calculations for a distribution/transmission system load flow.

III.

Basic Principle
Assuming Qc is the KVAR rating of the capacitor, Sr is the corrected substation KVA after capacitor installation and E is the energy loss reduction in one year due to capacitor installation, the net annual cost saving due to addition of the capacitor is then given by:

F = a * Sr + c * E - b * Q c
where: a b c per KVA annual charge cost; per KVAR annual capacitor investment cost; per KWh energy loss cost.

(1)

The size, Qc, of the capacitor is obtained by maximizing the net annual cost saving F. The capacitor size Qc is a continuous variable. But the capacitors provided by manufacturers have only standard sizes. The program rounds Qc in an integer value in terms of the capacitor standard sizes specified by users, and gives the number of the standard size capacitor. In some cases, such as in the situation of very light loads, adding a capacitor does not necessarily lead to: Reduction of power; or Energy losses of the entire distribution system; or Small amount of energy losses From the point of view of a total economic benefit, it is still worth adding a capacitor, because it minimizes the total cost, such as the substation KVA charge, plus the energy loss cost, in addition to the investment in the added capacitor.

V.

Input Data
The required input data for the capacitor size and location calculations are: (1) (2) (3) (4) Per KVA charge cost at the substation Per KWh energy loss cost Per KVAR capacitor investment cost Demand factor (load factor);

Capacitor Size and Location Optimization

(5) (6)

Capacitor candidate location ID and branch ID where the power factor is calculated Capacitor standard size

If a user does not input a demand factor, the program will utilize its defaulted value that is 1.0. The smallest standard size should be smaller than, or at least equal to, 100 KVAR (e.g. of standard sizes are: 150, 300, 600 and 1200 KVAR) The program uses actual units in KVA, KW, KWh, KVAR, V, A.

VI.

Output Descriptions
The program output information includes: (1) (2) Total shunt capacitor size (in KVAR), the number of standard Substation apparent, active and reactive power outputs (KVA, KW, and KVAR), power factors (in %), active and reactive losses of system before and after addition of the capacitor. Bus voltage magnitudes (in V) before and after addition of the capacitor (only buses with 0.5% change or higher) Annual KVA charge cost, annual energy loss cost (corresponding to the given demand factor), annual capacitor investment cost and the total cost before and after addition of the capacitor. These results show the economic benefits of adding the capacitor.

(3) (4)

Capacitor Size and Location Optimization

VII.

How to Run the Program

The program operation is illustrated with the help of an example. This example is named Capsiz and its jobfile reside in the \DesignBase\CAPSIZE directory. Select Open from the main screen of DesignBase as shown below:

Figure 1: Opening the Sample Jobfile for the Capacitor Size and Location Program

The single line diagram of the sample jobfile is shown in Figure 2. In this example, we will request the program to determine the capacitor size assuming it is located at bus 0003. From the main screen of DesignBase select the Capacitor Size Program. The main dialog for the program is shown in

Capacitor Size and Location Optimization

Figure 2: Single Line Diagram of the Sample Network

Capacitor Size and Location Optimization

Figure 3 shows the required parameters for the capacitor size program. Note that, the user can limit the capacitor size in two simultaneous methods. First, explicitly by specifying the maximum size of the capacitor and second, implicitly, by specifying the maximum allowed voltage at the capacitor bank location.

Figure 3: Capacitor Size Parameters Dialog

Note: Location From Bus is 0001 0003 Capacitor is placed at Bus 0003

Capacitor Size and Location Optimization

Since the program uses powerflow program as its engine, the load flow solution parameters and options should be specified. Figure 4 shows the required parameters.

Figure 4: Specifying the Solution Options for the Capacitor Size Program

Once the capacitor size and solution parameters are specified, click the OK button. The program output can be examined by selecting the desired report as shown in Figure 5.

Capacitor Size and Location Optimization

Figure 5: Selecting the Reports for the Capacitor Size Program

The program sample output is shown in the following pages.

Capacitor Size and Location Optimization

EDSA Advanced Capacitor Sizing Program v4.10.00 =============================================== Project No. : Project Name: Title : Drawing No. : Revision No.: Jobfile Name: Scenario : Page : 1 Date : Time : Company : Engineer : Check by : Date :

CAPSZ

Input Data ========== Cost of Substation KVA Cost of Energy Loss Cost of Capacitor Investment Capacitor Can Size Maximum Allowed Capacitor Size Load Demand Factor Desired Power Factor Maximum Allowed Voltage Capacitor Bank Bus Name Branch Name where PF is measured from Output Result ============= Capacitor size: 2800. KVAR = = = = = = = = = = 25.00 $/KVA/Year 0.05 $/KW Hour 2.00 $/KVAR/Year 100.000 KVAR 3000.000 KVAR 1.000 0.985 1.100 Per unit 0003 0001 ->0003

Number of required capacitor cans (each rated 100. KVAR ) = 28

Substation power output, power factor and network losses ======================================================== Before addition After addition of capacitor of capacitor ======================================================== P Q S PF PLOSS QLOSS (KW (KVAR) (KVA) (%) (KW) (KVAR) 4893.904 3573.171 6059.525 80.764 73.142 697.562 4893.802 773.097 4954.491 98.775 73.116 697.397

Economic Benefits ============================================================= Before addition After addition Savings of capacitor of capacitor ============================================================= KVA Charge cost($/Year) Energy loss cost($/Year) Capacitor cost($/Year) Total cost($/Year) 151488. 32036. 183524. 123862. 32025. 5600. 161487. 27626. 12. 22037.