INDEX

Abernethy, John, 19, 20, 223, 27

Ackerknecht, Erwin, 149
acne, 14, 191
Adair, James Makttrick, 80
Addison, Thomas, 77
Algeria, 85, 86, 90, 91, 96, 189, 190, 214
Alibert, Jean-Louis, 4, 90, 92, 1523, 154,
155, 156, 157, 160, 1623, 216
Amalfi, 189, 190
Ament, Lady, 175
American Revolutionary War, 43, 53
Amstad, E., 188
anatomy, 4, 14, 19, 20, 29, 38, 151, 166, 169,
199, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219
pathology, 4, 5, 6, 37, 38, 1501
see also atlas; Great Windmill Street
Anatomy School
Angel, Gemma, 6, 214, 21819
animalcule, 72, 73, 79, 82
anthropology, 2, 99, 167, 175, 178
anthropologist, 104, 108, 166, 172, 174, 212
Anzieu, Didier, 2
Arbo, Nicolaus, 31, 33
Archigenes, of Apamea, 165
Armand-Delille, Paul-Flix, 186
army, 24, 28, 85, 86, 87, 91, 96, 165, 168,
170, 174, 175, 178, 218
see also military medical deployment
Arnould, Jules, 85, 86, 96
artist and healer, 5, 6, 7, 137, 149, 169, 203
Asia, 131
Astruc, Jean, 74
atlas, 14, 150, 1545, 216
dermatological/skin, 3, 4, 5,8, 13, 38, 41,
152, 1546, 157, 161, 1623, 210,
215, 216

Austria, Emperor of, 24

Auzias-Turenne, Joseph-Alexandre, 40
autopsy, 37, 42, 58, 151, 152, 154
Bach, Hugo, 185
bacteriology, 42, 71, 153, 174, 186, 200,
201, 202, 203, 207
Badelart, Philippe-Louis-Francois, 46
Baganda, 99, 110, 111
Bakiga, 11, 99, 100, 1038, 109, 111
Bahktin, Mikhail, 2
Barker, Arthur, 199
Barker, F. R., 1701, 172
Barker, Thomas, 24
Basoga, 99, 109, 110
Bateman, Thomas, 4, 157
bathhouse, 113, 114, 121, 122, 123
Baubrot, Arnaud, 182, 186
Bell, Benjamin, 82
Bell, Joe, 218
Bell, John Henry, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203
Belluno, 59
Belote, George H., 1767
Benthien, Claudia, 1, 2, 3, 13, 83, 102, 190,
196, 211
Berchon, Ernest, 165
Berlin, 212, 217
Bernard, Dr C. C., 94
Bernhard, Oskar, 191, 192
Berthier, 51
Bible, 102, 111, 197
Biett, Laurent Thodore, 40, 157
Bilguer, Monsieur Johannes, 28
Bills of Mortality, 18
Bissett, Charles, 76
Bisson, Richard, 125
Blackman, Winifred, 1756

Copyright

269

270

A Medical History of Skin

Blair, William, 137

Blake, Charles, 46
Blane, Gilbert, 133
blemish, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 62, 77,
83, 100, 102, 124, 144, 145
Blicke, Charles, 27
blood, 21, 24, 28, 36, 38, 66, 108, 142
and healing, 20, 21, 27, 28, 31, 72, 181,
185
and sickness, 8, 10, 13, 22, 29, 40, 60, 67,
72, 74, 77, 78, 186
test, 115, 117
see also medical treatment, bloodletting;
wound
Bloomfield, Robert, 139, 142
Blunt, Thomas, 186
Boeck, Carl Wilhelm, 39, 401, 42, 90
Boerhaave, Herman, 73, 74, 75
Boer War, 218
Bonomo, Giovanni Cosimo, 72, 73
Booker, Reverend Dr, of Dudley, 145
Boston, Massachusetts, 136
Bourges, 97
Bourget, Dr, 190
Bowman, James, 43, 45, 467, 4950, 51,
53, 54, 55
Bradford, 196, 200, 202, 203, 210
and District Anthrax Investigation
Board, 2001, 202, 203, 205
Medico-Surgical Society, 198
Bradford, Elizabeth, 1
Bradley, James, 172, 173
Brambilla, Alexander von, 24
Bratsberg, 33
breathing, difficulty, 31, 45
breast cancer, 24, 25, 26
Briand, Jean-Olivier, 46, 47, 48
Bridges, Thomas, 81
Britain, 4, 10, 53, 71, 77, 82, 99, 1002, 105,
130, 133, 151, 165, 170, 175, 182, 198,
202, 205, 206
British colonial government, 434, 54, 103,
108, 110
concerns about disease, 512, 53, 55
negotiating relations with, 4950, 105,
107
see also Bowman, James

British Medical Association, South Midland

Branch, 199
Brown, John, 64
Browne, Stanley, 102
Browne, Thomas, 212
Buchan, William, 77, 82, 132, 133
Buganda, 101, 110
Buluba, 101
Burney, Fanny, 26
Busoga, 101, 109, 110
Bwama Island, 100
California, 113, 117
Canada, 10, 53, 92, 116, 124, 125
Canguilhem, Georges, 208
Caplan, Jane, 165
carbolic acid, 6, 177
Carter, Simon, 182
Carleton, Guy, 46, 54
case notes, 22, 24, 27, 39, 40, 58, 59, 108,
150, 154, 156, 15960, 172, 199
Cassel, Jay, 45, 46
Catholic clergy, 43, 44, 467, 51, 54, 55
Celsus, 60
Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 116, 117
Chabert, Philibert, 1978
Challenger, Richard, 1, 8
Channon, James, 17, 18, 21, 267
Charcot, Jean-Martin, 211
Charles VIII, King, 88
Chester, 133
Chias, Dr F., 185
Chiarugi, Vincenzo, 679
Chicago, 176, 179
children, 5, 24, 86, 91, 102, 103, 105, 108,
137, 144, 156, 175, 179, 186
and families, 26, 81, 82, 94
and infection, 77, 110, 1323, 142
and surgery, 27, 29
Christian, 99, 102, 106, 108, 213
Christian VII, King of Denmark, 33
Christiansand, 33
Clare, Peter, 19, 20, 23, 25
classification, 37, 83, 167, 169, 172, 209, 219
skin disease, 4, 13, 38, 42, 59, 60, 69, 74,
88, 154, 157, 163, 195, 211, 215, 216
see also diagnostic confusion; disease,
naming of; nosology

Copyright

Index
cleanliness, 35, 76, 82, 88, 92, 93, 124, 177, 198
see also living conditions
Cleckheaton, 203
climate, 10, 12, 53, 65, 81, 90, 93, 98, 101,
122, 146, 161, 178, 189
clothing, 35, 81, 88, 92, 95, 132, 144, 147,
159, 163, 164, 189, 190
Colley, Linda, 80
Columbus, Christopher, 98
Conan Doyle, Arthur, 218
Conant, Marcus, 118, 119, 121, 122, 1234
Connor, Steven, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 13, 44, 196,
207, 211, 219
Constantine, 86
Constantinople, 131
contagion, 6, 9, 33, 48, 51, 62, 65, 74, 75, 76,
91, 92, 106, 107, 108, 129, 134, 143,
152, 161, 172, 213, 220
fear of, 31, 53, 71, 99, 100, 1014, 106,
107, 109, 110, 111, 126, 218
and Kaposis sarcoma/AIDS, 114, 121,
122, 124
see also disease, spread of
Copenhagen, 32
Corbin, Alain, 356
cough, 17, 18, 24, 45, 160
Council of Trent, 213
court of law, 1, 78, 142
Cowper, William, 214
cowpox, 130, 134, 1367, 1389, 146
criminology, 6, 1658, 169, 170, 1712,
177, 178, 179
criminals, 130, 1423, 1659, 172, 173,
178, 179
Crumplin, Michael, 19
Cullen, William, 34, 69

271

dermatology, 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 14, 71, 82,

85, 149, 153, 154, 156, 161, 178, 196,
207, 212
dermatologist, 3, 5, 6, 9, 40, 42, 113,
11522, 125, 148, 157, 177, 207, 214
professionalization, 378, 39, 1534,
169, 217
see also syphilology; venereology
diagnostic confusion, 12, 13, 34, 37, 71, 74,
75, 857, 88, 93, 136, 169
and anthrax, 196, 2012, 205, 206, 207,
208
and Kaposis sarcoma/AIDS, 115, 118,
11920, 122, 126
leprosy
and the itch, 73, 79, 81, 823
and pellagra/pellarina, 59, 60, 61, 62,
63, 75
and radesyge, 34, 37, 401, 75
syphilis, 171
and the itch, 72, 82
and pellarina/pellagra, 62, 63
and radesyge, 39, 40
and St Pauls Bay disease, 45
see also disease, naming of
Dickinson, Robert, 778
diet, 12, 28, 39, 63, 69
cause of sickness, 10, 13, 60, 62, 658,
76, 77, 81, 161
see also medical treatment, diet
Di Folco, Philippe, 3
diseases/illnesses, miscellaneous named, 11,
19, 24, 278, 43, 61, 63, 86, 93, 96,
133, 172, 175, 176, 177, 178, 183, 207
disease, naming of, 88, 109, 154, 156, 195,
196, 210, 21314
Kabyle leprosy/Arab syphilis, 86, 88,
93, 97, 214
pellagra/pellarina, 58, 59, 209
radesyge/thalia, 33, 37, 38, 40, 41, 45, 213
disease, spread of, 77, 16970, 172, 214
across body, 5, 28, 215, 218
across population, 43, 44, 48, 501, 53,
82, 97, 109, 115, 117
see also contagion; infection
disease, stages of, 40, 85, 73, 90, 152, 155,
159, 201, 216
pellagra, 58, 61, 62, 65, 66, 689
see also nosology

Copyright

Damien, Father, 101

Dan, John Stephen, 46
Daston, Lorraine, 154
Davies-Colley, J. N. C., 1989
debility, 22, 44, 45, 48, 55, 57, 66, 67, 69,
105, 107, 108, 111, 188, 190
degeneration, 6, 10, 12, 61, 88, 94, 166, 167,
168, 173
Deleau, Dr, 86
Dellys, 85
Denmark, 32, 41, 189

272

A Medical History of Skin

disfigurement, 31, 45, 48, 51, 71, 77, 78, 85,

88, 89, 92, 116, 124, 162, 181, 193
and leprosy, 93, 99, 100, 102, 1045,
110, 111
and smallpox, 132, 136, 138, 141, 145,
162
see also scar
divine judgement, 104, 118
doctor-patient relationship, 5, 94, 1478,
162, 164, 196, 199, 207, 216
Dodd, James M., 218
Dominiceti, Bartholomew di, 73, 74, 75
Donnelly, Billy, 176
Downes, Arthur, 186
Dritz, Selma, 1223, 124
Duden, Barbara, 2, 35
Dugas, Gatan, 9, 10, 113, 114, 11517,
1213, 124, 125, 126, 127
Dulles, C. W., 173, 174
Duncan, Andrew, 74
Edinburgh, 82, 134, 149, 150, 151, 218
Edmond, Rod, 93
education, 119, 123, 156, 161, 187, 205
medical, 18, 23, 27, 40, 85, 86, 90,
14950, 1512, 153, 154, 185, 218
student, 19, 20, 26, 28, 29, 57, 64, 82,
150, 151, 152, 157, 218
of locals, 66, 85, 87, 103, 106, 109
see also hospitals; Josephinum; university
Egypt, 6, 175
Ehrlich, Paul, 96
Eisenach, 35
elephantiasis, 62, 79, 87, 93
Elias, Norbert, 36
Ellis, Henry Havelock, 169
Ellis, William, 77
Emsworth, Godfrey, 218
Enlightenment, 2, 3, 8, 9, 11, 14, 71, 73, 75,
83, 209, 211, 215
environment, 36, 121, 167, 211, 213, 219,
220
disease and, 41, 62, 65, 95, 116
exchange with skin, 13, 32, 37, 44, 72,
209, 214
epidemiology, 51, 43, 115, 116, 117, 172
Eurich, Frederick William, 6, 7, 196, 2005,
206, 207, 208

Eurich, Margaret, 203

exclusion, 9, 11, 48, 86, 152, 168, 178
and leprosy, 99, 100, 101, 1034, 105,
106, 107, 108, 10910, 111, 143
facial skin, 8, 12, 86, 88, 89, 93, 94, 101,
1246, 148, 157, 160, 163, 175
scars and surgery, 27, 29
and smallpox, 129, 132, 141, 145, 146,
147, 162
see also disfigurement
Fanon, Franz, 11
Fanzago, Francesco, 5767
Faubourg du Temple, 152
Faye, Andreas, 34
Fend, Mechtild, 5, 38, 169, 171, 216
Ferri, Enrico, 166
fever, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 28, 51, 69, 86, 129,
130, 133, 160
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 217
Filips, Ludwig, 178
Finsen, Niels Ryberg, 7, 1834, 186, 189
Fisher, John, 138
Fleck, Ludwik, 42
Fleming, Julie, 167
Florence, 678
Foucault, Michel, 5, 149, 153, 161, 162, 220
Foucqueron, M., 86
Fouquet, Dr D. M., 175
Fournier, Alfred, 90, 91
Fournier, Jean, 1978
Fothergill, John, 130
Fox, Charles, 139
Fracastoro, Girolamo, 88, 213
France, 4, 85, 86, 90, 97, 14950, 151, 157,
182, 186
francophone, 44, 53, 55
Frank, Johann Peter, 57, 60
Frankenau, Rasmus, 34
Frapolli, Francesco, 60, 62
French colonial government, 85, 87, 94, 95,
96, 97
French Revolution, 2, 151, 152
French Riviera, 182
Friedman-Kien, Alvin, 116, 117, 118, 121,
125

Copyright

Index
Galen, 35, 59, 212, 213, 215
Galison, Peter, 154
gay cancer, 910, 113, 114, 117, 118, 122,
123
gaze, the medical, 5, 38, 153, 162
Gell, Alfred, 172, 173
Gentilcore, David, 12, 13, 34, 75, 215
Germany, 41, 182, 186, 213
Ghesquier, Daniele, 72
Gide, Andr, 7, 8, 182, 18990, 192, 193
Gilman, Sander, 8
Gillray, James, 137
Glasgow, 149
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 217
Goffman, Erving, 8, 10
Goldsmith, Oliver, 132
gonorrhoea, 40, 745, 160
Gordon Riots, 25
Gordon, Thomas, 80
Great Missendon, 145
Great Windmill Street Anatomy School, 27
Gregory, John, 58
Grosz, Elizabeth, 2
Grundy, Isobel, 132
gunshot wounds, 17, 18, 21, 25, 86
Gussow, Zachary, 1089

273

Hippocratic, 212
Hjort, Johan, 3742
Hobday, Richard, 181
Hogarth, William, 8
Holmes, Sherlock, 218
Holst, Frederik, 35
Home Office, 202, 203, 205, 206
Horn, David, 166
hospital, 9, 14, 18, 22, 23, 24, 25,71, 95, 108,
118, 151, 159, 165, 199, 218
Algerian, 85, 86, 88, 93, 96
Bonifazio (lunatic asylum), 68
Chelsea, 136
Christiania, 37
as clinic, 39, 42, 152, 153
criticism of, 28
Deir-ez-Zor, 97
discharge, 27, 31, 160
French, 40, 150, 151, 152
Guys, 199
Htel-Dieu, 150, 159
London Smallpox and Inoculation Hospital, 131, 136, 137, 142
Marine, Staten Island, 174
Pavia, 57
radesyge hospitals, 33
Saint-Antoine, 157
St Bartholomews, 19, 21, 25, 26
Saint-Louis, 151, 152, 156, 216
Salptrire, 211
San Francesco Grande Hospital, 57
Santa Maria Nuova, 68
University College, 199
Val de Grce, 169
Hubert, Ollivier, 48
Hudson, Ellis Herndon, 978
Humboldt, Alexander Von, 217
humours, 36, 60, 756, 81, 124
Hunczovsky, Johann, 24
Hunter, Donald, 2056
Hunter, John, 74
Hutin, M. F., 169, 170
Hutten, Ulrich von, 88
hygiene, 10, 11, 12, 14, 57, 82, 91, 106, 108,
174, 175, 179, 185, 192
and skin disease, 35, 92, 101, 103, 161

Copyright

Hagerup, Hans, 33
Haldimand, Frederick, 46
Halham, Elizabeth, 77
Halifax, Canada, 116
Hamilton, Henry, 43, 46, 50, 55
Hampshire, 170
Hanks, Tom, 114
Harvey, Gideon, 74
Hau, Michael, 182, 186
Hawaii, 101
Haygarth, John, 133
Heaviside, John, 19, 22, 24, 27
Hebra, Ferdinand Von, 217
Hemming, J. H., 199
Hennepe, Mienekete, 2, 4
heredity, 10, 65, 74, 75, 778, 82, 94, 109
Her Majestys Stationary Office (HMSO),
202
Herodotus, 211
herpes, 120, 159, 160, 161, 169
Hill, James, 82

274

A Medical History of Skin

iatrochemical, 36, 60, 72

identity, 2, 3, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 32, 113, 114,
116, 136, 219, 220
see also national character, skin disease as
symbolic of; national health, skin as
symbolic of; race and ethnicity
India, 131, 198
infection, 6, 8, 9, 18, 31, 45, 55, 92, 93, 97,
100, 106, 107, 119, 1223, 179, 185,
195
deliberate, 113, 114, 115, 121, 124, 126
and the itch, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77,
78, 80
and smallpox, 129, 132, 134, 1423
vector, 74, 77, 92, 166, 1701, 172, 173
see also disease, spread of
inflammation, 20, 21, 28, 37, 45, 120, 147,
155, 156, 15960, 162, 184, 215, 216
Innes, James Ross, 104, 110, 111
insanity, 612, 63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 91, 110,
211
intemperance, 27, 76, 77, 78, 97
Italy, 57, 58, 62, 64, 65, 88, 190
Iteso, 99, 109

Kinyoun, Joseph J., 174

Kirkland, Thomas, 279
Koch, Robert, 186, 198
Kumi, 100, 109
laboratory, 120, 174, 186, 203, 207
Lacapre, Dr G., 87, 93
Lacassagne, Alexandre, 167
Lake Bunyonyi, 100, 106, 107
Landouzy, Louis, 185
Langley, Rosa, 102, 1045, 106, 108
Lanzaratta, Philip, 120
Laubenstein, Linda, 121, 125
Leeds, 177
Legge, Thomas Morison, 202
leprosy, 2, 3, 8, 11, 12, 13, 34, 37, 40, 41, 59,
613, 71, 735, 79, 813, 867, 90, 93,
99112, 214, 215, 218, 220
lesions, 83, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 95, 96, 97,151,
154, 155, 169, 184, 186, 188
abscess, 18, 20, 21, 223, 29, 215
anthrax, 1956, 197, 199, 202, 206, 208,
220
blister, 14, 156, 161, 183
boil, 14, 29, 131
cancerous, 7, 115, 116, 119, 121, 124,
126,
classification of, 38, 42, 209, 215, 216
colour of, 6, 39, 85, 89, 113, 119, 121,
125, 127, 139, 157, 161, 1957, 203,
2067, 216
cutaneous, 32, 41, 58, 62, 87, 89, 91, 170,
195, 197, 199, 202, 203, 206, 220
internal, 4
odour, 13, 17, 21
sequencing of over time, 8, 856, 218
syphilis, 8, 40, 143, 1712, 185
tattoo as lesion, 6
see also tumour; ulcer
Lettsom, John Coakley, 137
Leviticus, 79
Leysin, 186, 188, 191
Lie, Anne Kveim, 13, 75, 92, 209, 214, 216
Linnaeus, Carl, 154, 215
Lipscombe, William, 132
living conditions, 13, 31, 39, 41, 54, 55, 76,
81, 92, 95, 103, 109, 159, 161
see also environment

Copyright
Jablonski, Nina, 3, 212
Jacobs Brumberg, Joan, 14
Jackson, Joshua, 77
Jacyna, L. Stephen, 162
Jenner, Edward, 130, 134, 136, 137, 138,
139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146
Jewish, 79, 81, 83, 91, 113
Johnsons Dictionary, 81
Johnston, William, 77
Jones, Robert, 46, 54, 55
Josephinum, 24
Jowett, Fred, 202

Kabylia, 85, 87
Kant, Immanuel, 217
Kellogg, John Harvey, 182, 185, 188, 192,
193
Kennedy, Hugh Alexander, 46
Kent, Alice, 25
Kenya, 206
Kerr, Matthew Newsom, 4, 6, 775, 162, 210
Kevin, Mother (Teresa Kearney), 1001
Kigezi, 1034, 106, 107, 108, 109

Index
Lombroso, Cesare, 166, 167, 168, 169, 172
London, 12, 14, 19, 22, 27,28, 29, 30, 76, 82,
101, 102, 130, 131, 137, 141, 142, 143,
150, 154, 157, 167, 206, 213, 215, 217
London Vaccine Institution, 136
Longville, Harcourt de, 79
Lorimier, Father, of St Cuthbert, 49
Lorry, Anne Charles de, 217
Los Angeles, 116, 117
Losting, Johan Ludvig, 41
Loudon, T. M., 206
Luganda, 110
lymph, 20, 27, 28, 116
Lynch, Michael, 123
Lyon, 150
McEwen, Ernest, 102
McKay, Richard, 910
Madden, Thomas More, 1889
make-up, 2, 14,15, 83, 124, 125, 126
Mangor, Christoph Elovius, 36, 39
Mansey, Lewis, 74, 77
mapping of disease, 11, 44, 50, 21011
Marks, Laura, 7
Marten, Benjamin, 79
MariaucheaudEsglis, Louis Philippe, 48
Marzari, Giambattista, 637, 69
Maury, F. F., 173, 174
Mead, Richard, 72
medical instruments, 21, 26, 177, 178, 184
cannula, 17, 18, 29
knife, 17, 21, 234, 25, 26, 29, 95
lancet, 19, 23, 137, 138, 144, 145
Medical Light Institute, 183
see also Finsen, Niels Ryberg
medical screening, 1067, 109, 1234
medical treatment, 51, 54, 61, 62, 96, 104,
10810, 116, 118, 120, 133, 137,
176,18193, 214
alcohol, 26, 28
arsenic, 23, 96
bathing, 63, 69, 188
blistering, 14, 36, 80
bloodletting, 14, 17, 18, 19, 36, 63, 80
bone-setting, 18, 29
caustics, 17, 23, 24, 25
chemotherapy, 113, 11718, 125
cupping, 19, 80

275

diet, 18, 62, 95

draining, 14, 17, 18, 22, 23
dressing, 17, 18, 19, 201, 22, 23, 27, 36,
88, 95
Ethiopian pills, 31
issue, 17, 19, 24, 29
Lisbon diet drink, 75
local therapeutics, 88, 95, 103, 131,
1746
medication, 49
mercury, 44, 456, 48, 50, 55, 75, 95, 96,
1767
operation, 18, 19, 20, 234, 25, 27
criticism of, 289
see also medical instruments, knife;
medical instruments, lancet; Burney,
Fanny
opium, 23, 256
pain control, 18, 256, 29
plaister (poultice/cataplasm), 18, 19,
21, 23
purging, 63, 80
radiation, 120
scarification, 2, 63, 80
stimulant, 23, 26
sulphur, 75, 789, 80, 81
suppuration, 14, 17, 18, 21, 22
syphilization, 3940, 42
therapeutic tattoo, 1746, 177, 178,
219
Menton, 185
Menzie, William, 46
Mercurialis, Geronimo, 21213
miasma (bad air), 24, 356, 37, 74
see also environment; living conditions
Michelet, Jules, 211, 219
microscope, 2, 8, 72, 154, 186, 203, 208,
214, 217
Middle Ages/medieval, 3, 8, 34, 71, 73, 85,
87, 95, 101, 212, 213
Middlesex Quarter Sessions, 77
Mighall, Robert, 182
Milan, 57, 60
Miliana, 93
military medical deployment, 46, 47, 857,
91, 96
see also army
Minard, Adrien, 11, 12, 77, 209, 214, 216

Copyright

276

A Medical History of Skin

missionary, 10, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103,

10411
Mhring, Maren, 182, 186, 188, 192
Mller, Hans, 35, 39
Montagu, Mary Wortley, 131, 132
Montaigne, Michel de, 37
Monteuuis, Albert, 185, 187
Montreal, 46, 53, 219
Moore, James, 20, 216
moral/ity, 83, 103, 123, 131, 141, 161, 172,
173, 177, 1878, 213, 217
and race, 11, 91, 118
sexual, 41, 77, 91, 121
skin disease as symbolic of, 8, 71, 73, 75,
77, 789, 87
and social class, 10, 74, 76, 77, 82
Moran, James, 10, 11, 13, 32, 92, 209, 214
Morgagni, Giovanni Battisti, 215
Morgan, Louis, 176
Morin, Father, of St Anne, 49
Morocco, 6, 93, 96
mortality rate, 18, 45, 133, 2012
Moscoso, Javier, 213
Moseley, Benjamin, 136, 141
Muslim, 91, 92, 93, 95
Myers, Charles S., 175

Oakland, 179
occupation
disease impacts on, 312, 57, 82, 94, 100,
111, 1245
influence on disease, 35 , 77, 133, 134,
136, 139
woolworker, 6, 198, 200, 201, 202, 205,
207
Odoardi, Jacopo, 59, 60, 61, 67
odour, 24, 356, 59
see also lesions, odour; medical treatment,
sulphur; miasma (bad air)
Ongino, 100
Orange County, 117
OReilly, Samuel, 177, 178
Ory, Pascal, 182
Ott, Katherine, 4
Oudraogo, Arouna, 182
Outram, Dorinda, 2

Nairobi, 206
Napoleon/ic, 41, 63, 64, 143, 153
national character, skin disease as symbolic
of, 71, 74, 7981, 83, 86, 87, 213
national health, skin as symbolic of, 44, 101,
132, 136, 139, 143
national threat, skin disease as, 323,
21314
see also degeneration
National Vaccine Establishment, 142, 145
Nedham, Marchamont, 79
New York, 113, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120,
121, 124, 174, 176
Nice, 185
Nichols, Stuart, 119
Nobel Prize, 7, 183, 189
non-venereal syphilis, 43, 91, 98
North America, 14, 43, 53, 55, 11315,
118, 136, 151, 1656, 170, 174, 176,
1789, 192
Norway, 13, 31, 34, 37, 39, 40, 41, 90, 92

pain, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 45, 51, 54, 134,
141, 147, 160, 164, 176, 178, 184, 193,
207
see also medical treatment, pain control
Paisley, 149
Packe, Christopher, 77, 78
Padua, 35, 57, 58, 60, 63, 212, 213
Paris, 64, 95, 147, 150, 151, 152, 153, 157,
185
Parry, Albert, 176
Pasteur, Louis, 198
patient 0 (Patient Zero), 9, 114, 116, 117
Patton, Cindy, 114
Pautrier, Dr L. M., 97
Payne, Lynda, 1314, 36, 214, 215, 216, 219
Pearman, R. W., 206
Pearson, George, 136
Pellizzari, Jacopo, 64
Penfield, Wilder, 219
Persia, 198
Peru, 198

nosology, 34, 5863, 67, 69, 82, 215

see also classification; disease, stages of
Nourse, Edward, 19
Novy, Frederick, 177
nudist/naturist, 182, 185, 186, 188, 192
Nyenga, 101, 111

Copyright

Index
Peter, James, 15961
Peters, Nicholas, 17, 18, 267
Pethox Parvus, 1412
Philadelphia (film), 114, 126
plague, 3, 31, 76, 80, 130, 142, 143, 152,
172, 197
Plenck, Joseph Jacob, 215, 216
Poe, Edgar Allan, 213
Point Claire, 51
Poland, 213
pores, 23, 29, 32, 35, 37, 42, 72, 190, 214
Porter, Roy, 34
Portsea, 170, 172
Pott, Percivall, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28
pox, the, 8, 71, 73, 745, 78, 79, 81, 823
press/media, 64, 80, 101, 102, 103,130, 134,
1367, 167, 198
and Kaposis sarcoma/AIDS, 11415,
118, 120, 1212, 123, 125, 126
prison, 14, 71, 75, 76, 82, 108, 165, 168, 178
professionalization, 12, 13, 33, 378, 179
see also specialism, medical
Professor Ted, tattooist, 176
prostitution, 41, 91, 95, 165
Prussia, 28
psoriasis, 149, 153, 159, 163
public health, 10, 32, 57, 68, 100, 106, 107,
122, 166, 174, 177, 179
Pujati, Giuseppe Antonio, 59, 60, 65
pus, 3, 5, 17, 18, 1920, 21, 22, 29, 45, 183,
185
pustules, 9, 38, 45, 77, 86, 155, 157, 160,
163, 172
and anthrax, 195, 196, 197, 199, 200,
201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208
and smallpox, 7, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133,
136, 1389, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147

277

quackery, 24, 25, 78

Quincy, John, 76

Ramazzini, Bernardino, 79
Ranke, Leopold von, 212
rash, 67, 68, 142, 147, 156, 164, 177
Rasmussen, Theodore, 219
Raux, Dr J., 93
Ravello, 189
Rayer, Franois, 157
Redford, Ray, 117, 125
Reinarz, Jonathan, 214
Reiser, Stanley, 178
religious practice, disease interrupts, 48, 55
representation of skin disease, 137, 153, 156,
162, 164, 170, 199, 205, 210, 216
drawing, 149, 150, 152, 155, 157, 161
engraving, 38, 136, 137, 138, 154, 172
film, 205
illustration, 41, 68, 134, 136, 138, 139,
144, 149, 150, 1545, 159
moulage, 5
painting, 5, 41, 1478, 150, 152, 154,
157, 161, 162, 163, 169, 203
photograph, 7, 12, 88, 93, 94, 119, 170,
171, 172, 182, 184, 1867, 188, 191,
203, 216
poster, 7, 12, 202, 2036
see also atlas, dermatological/skin
Ricord, Philippe, 40, 90, 91
Ring, John, 141
Ritter, Carl, 217
Robinson, Nicholas, 81
Rollier, Auguste, 185, 186, 187, 188, 191
Rosen, George, 174
Rosenbaum, Julius, 217
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 11
Row, John, 1
Rowley, William, 137, 138
Royal College of Physicians, 137
rural, 29, 37, 51, 87, 88, 91, 133, 198
Rush, Benjamin, 11
rust, 40

race and ethnicity, 11, 53, 54, 7981, 83,

103, 106, 110, 113, 167, 175, 189, 192,
213, 219
skin disease as symbolic of racial backwardness, 87, 92, 93, 94, 97, 103, 108
racial decline, 43, 534, 55
see also degeneration

Safai, Bijan, 1201

St Anne, Quebec, 49
St Charles sur la Rivire Richilieu, 51
St Cuthbert, Quebec, 49
St Germain, Father, 4950
Saleeby, C. W., 185, 191, 192
Salmon, William, 76

Copyright

278

A Medical History of Skin

Salvandy, Narcisse-Archille de, 87

Sanctorius, Sanctorius, 35
San Francisco, 113, 114, 118, 119, 122, 123,
124, 176
Saunders, James, 218
Sauvages, F. B. de, 34
Savory, C. Butler, 177
scab, 20, 59, 60, 71, 73, 80, 132, 139
scabies, 8, 71, 72, 73, 74, 82, 210
scar, 8, 14, 17, 20, 24, 27, 29, 89, 124, 138,
172, 175, 178, 184, 192
and smallpox, 129, 1301, 132, 133, 139,
140, 144, 146, 183
Schelling, Friedrich, 217
Schiller, Friedrich, 217
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 217
Schnalke, Thomas, 5
Scotland, 10, 41, 77, 801, 82
Scribblers Club, the, 80
scurvy, 12,13,
and the itch, 73, 74, 75, 76, 81
and pellagra/pellarina, 58, 59, 61, 62,
65, 75
and radesyge, 34, 37, 75
searchers of the dead, 14
seasonal nature of disease, 579, 61, 62, 65,
215
senses, the, 14, 356, 38, 42
sexually transmitted disease, 113, 115, 117,
119, 120, 121, 126, 127, 179
shame, 789, 138
Sharp, Leonard, 100, 101, 106, 107, 108
Shebbeare, John, 79
Shilts, Randy, 910, 114, 115, 117, 121,
122, 123, 124, 125, 126
Sibbens, 10, 41, 45, 812
Siena, Kevin, 8, 10, 13, 34, 41, 44, 213, 214
Simon, Karl Gustav Theodor, 217
skin, as text, 3, 4, 7, 77, 83, 130, 138, 146,
210
skin colour, 162, 181, 182, 185, 185, 1867,
188, 18990, 1912, 193, 194, 212,
219
changed by disease, 31, 57, 59, 89, 105,
160, 196, 206, 207, 218
diagnostics and darker skin, 12, 20, 889,
92, 206
pale, 7, 31, 77, 119, 145, 181, 192, 218
see also lesions, colour; race and ethnicity

skin layers, 13, 15, 57, 60, 160, 163, 185,

188, 192, 212, 213, 214, 216
understanding of, 20, 35, 37, 38, 39
slavery, 8, 53, 80, 93, 130
Slovenia, 41
Smith, Algie Stanley, 100, 101, 103, 104,
105, 106
social class, 8, 9, 10, 13, 32, 54, 83, 131, 133,
142, 169, 219
and pellagra/pellarina, 623, 64, 656
and the itch 746, 77, 81
Solinsky, John, 176
Sontag, Susan, 118
Sorrento, 189
specialism, medical, 42, 64, 69, 72, 79, 116,
119, 125, 153, 178, 188, 211
heliotherapy, 181, 184, 185, 186, 187,
188, 189, 190, 193
see also bacteriologist; professionalization; syphilology; venereology
Spilsbury, Francis, 75, 78
Spooner, Thomas, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78
Sprengel, Kurt, 64
Squire, Alexander Balmanno, 216
Stafford, Barbara, 4
Stark, Jamie, 6, 12, 119, 169
Starobinski, Jean, 37
statistics, medical, 39, 50, 53, 55
Stepan, Nancy, 93
Steward, Samuel M., 176, 179
Stewart, Noah, 125
stigma, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 55, 82, 168,
173, 177, 179, 214, 219
Uganda, 99, 1003, 105, 10811, 114, 115
see also shame
Strambio, Gaetano, 60, 62
stomach, 19, 46, 66, 86
Strms, 31
sun, 182, 184, 185
-bathing, 7, 181, 192
-burn, 58, 59, 188, 189
and heat, 61, 65, 67, 69, 86, 90
Sutton Family (Robert and Daniel), 1312
Suzor, Francois, 46
sweat, 3, 13, 22, 24, 35, 36, 37, 60, 81, 90,
190
Sweden, 41
Switzerland, 186, 190

Copyright

Index
Sydenham, Thomas, 76
syphilology, 39, 86, 90, 176, 178, 214
Taylor, Charles, 2
Telemark, 31
tertiary syphilis, 13, 39, 40, 90, 91, 93, 94
Teso, 99, 100, 109
Thistlethwaite, James, 81
Thomson, John, 14950
Thornton, Robert John, 129, 130, 139, 143
Tivey, Bob, 122
Toronto, 118, 123
Tracy, George, 1089
treponematoses, 11, 43, 46, 98
Treviso, 63, 64
Trhler, Ulrich, 50
Trotter, Thomas, 74
tuberculosis, 7, 24, 110, 166, 169, 170, 172,
178, 181, 182, 186, 189, 191, 1934
lupus, 7, 1634, 178, 181, 183, 184
scrofula, 62, 71
tumour, 22, 24, 27, 40, 113, 121
see also lesions
Tunisia, 96
Turner, Daniel, 13, 73, 79, 214

279

venereology, 40, 41, 74

Veneto, 57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 66
Virgil, 197
Videmar, Giovanni, 60
Vienna, 9, 24, 217
Villers vs Monsley (Monter), 789
Vincent, Dr M.-A., 87
Vongsathorn, Kathleen, 1011
Wagner, Charles, 176, 178
Wahrman, Dror, 2
Waterhouse, Benjamin, 136
Wellcome Collection Skin Exhibition, 213
Wiggins, Clare, 100, 101
Wilberforce, William, 142
Willan, Robert, 4, 38, 154, 1556, 157, 216
Willis, Thomas, 723, 76
Wilmot, John Eardly, 79
Wilson, Erasmus, 217
Wilson, James, 27
Wilson, Philip, 3, 7, 13, 38
Wiseman, Richard, 723
West Riding, 200, 201
West Yorkshire, 196, 198, 202
Woloshyn, Tania, 6, 7
women, 5, 59, 104, 132, 137, 138, 139, 145
care taken with surgery, 27, 29
and pellagra/pellarina, 62, 65
physical examination of, 88, 94
Woodville, Dr William, 136
Worgan, John Dawes, 143
workhouse, 14, 71, 75, 82
wound, 3, 5, 14, 1822, 256, 28, 36, 88,
181, 188, 193, 215, 218, 219
see also gunshot wounds; lesions; medical
instruments, knife

Copyright

ulcer, 13, 17, 22, 29, 36, 42, 45, 59, 77, 155,
173, 199
and radesyge, 312, 34, 37, 39
and syphilis, 40, 85, 86, 89, 90, 93,
1712, 1767
university, 6, 9, 32, 35, 39, 63, 116, 120,
1501, 176, 199, 212, 213, 217, 219
urban, 9, 29, 41, 62, 97, 130, 1313
Vancouver, 118, 122, 123, 125
Varenius, Bernhardus, 211
variola, 131, 149, 159, 1623, 183
Vesalius, Andreas, 4
venereal disease, 34, 37, 40, 41, 53, 72, 74,
77, 86, 91, 967, 213
see also diagnostic confusion; gonorrhoea; sexually transmitted disease

Yamaska, 51
Yoxall, Edward, 101
Zweiniger-Bargielowska, Ina, 182, 186