Calculus III Formula Sheet

Math 2210, Spring 2010 Resultant of two forces: ||F1 + F2 ||2 = ||F1 ||2 + ||F2 ||2 + 2||F1 || ||F2 || cos For the angle between F1 and the resultant force: sin = Angle between vectors: cos = Projection of v onto b: proj b v = ||F2 || sin ||F1 + F2 ||

||u v|| uv , or sin = for 0 90 ||u|| ||v|| ||u|| ||v|| vb b ||b||2

Work from P to Q with force F: W = F P Q = ||F|| ||P Q|| cos Area of a parallelogram A = ||u v|| Volume of a parallelepiped V = |u (v w)| Torque or scalar moment of F at P : T = ||P Q F|| = ||P Q|| ||F|| sin Distance between a point P (x0 , y0 , z0 ) and a plane D =
x = r cos r = x2 + y 2

|ax0 + by0 + cz0 + d| a 2 + b2 + c2

Cylindrical coordinates:

Spherical coordinates:
b a

y = r sin , tan = y/x z=z z=z x = sin cos = x2 + y 2 + z 2 y = sin sin , tan = y/x cos = z/ x2 + y 2 + z 2 z = cos
t t0

Arc length L =

||r (t)|| dt, arc length parametrization s = T (t) r (t) ; Unit normal: N(t) = ||r (t)|| ||T (t)|| ||T (t)|| ||r (t) r (t)|| = ||r (t)|| ||r (t)||3

||r (u)|| du

Unit tangent T(t) =

Curvature (s) = ||r (s)||, (t) =

Osculating circle passing through a point r(t0 ) has radius r = 1/(t0 ). Level curves for z = f (x, y): f (x, y) = k, where k is a real number in the range of f Implicit derivative of F (x, y) = 0, where y depends on x: dy F/x = dx F/y

 Projectile motion: r(t) = (v0 t cos ) i + (s0 + v0 t sin 1 gt2 ) j. Speed: ||r (t)|| 2 Total dierential of z = f (x, y): dz = fx (x, y)dx + fy (x, y)dy Local linear approximation: L(x, y) = f (x0 , y0 ) + fx (x0 , y0 )(x x0 ) + fy (x0 , y0 )(y y0 ) The tangent plane to f at (x0 , y0 ) is the LLA given by L The formula for L above also implies that z = f (x, y) f (x0 , y0 ) fx (x0 , y0 )x + fy (x0 , y0 )y. Directional derivative of f in the (unit) direction u: Du f (x, y) = u may be expressed as the vector cos , sin for some . f (x, y) u. Here,

The normal vector n to a surface F (x, y, z) = 0 at (x0 , y0 , z0 ) is n = F (x0 , y0 , z0 ); note that if z = f (x, y), then F (x, y, z) = f (x, y) z may be used to get n. The surface area over R of r = x(u, v)i + y(u, v)j + z(u, v)k is S = The surface area over R of z = f (x, y) is S =
R

r r dA u v

(zx )2 + (zy )2 + 1 dA x(x, y) dA and

The x-center of mass of a region R is x = My /M , where My = M=

R

(x, y) dA. The same formula carries over to 3D solids: My Myz , A V .

b a

f (x, y(, z)) ds =

f (x(t), y(t)(, z(t)))

dx dt

dy + dt

dz + dt

dt

Work W =

F dr, where r = xi + yj + zk F dr = f (x, y) dx + g(x, y) dy = g f x y dA

Greens Theorem: f (x, y, z) dS =

f (x(u, v), y(u, v), z(u, v)) =

R

r r dA u v f (x, y, g(x, y)) (zx )2 + (zy )2 + 1 dA dA = F G dA

F n dS =

f (x, y, z) dS = F n dS =

r r u v

Divergence Theorem: Stokes Theorem:

div F dV (curl F) n dS, F = f i + gj + hk

F T ds =

F dr =