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Summary of the Lectures by Prof. Dr. Q. Huang Lukas Cavigelli, December 2011 lukasc@ee.ethz.ch
Unit
BIPOLAR
Collector current: Transconductance: ( )
( Source Degeneration: same setup with MOSFET instead of BJT. increases output resistance, but reduces .
CASCODE STRUCTURE
Basic Cascode: Cascode = cascade to cathode
Amplification: for this lecture Hybrid- (small signal) model: at a certain operation point | | [ ] for low frequencies:
| [ ]
[ ]
For BJT:
( )
: bias current, : thermal voltage, : Early voltage Frequency Response: )| for low frequencies, -10dB/dec after , | ( , more on foils
( )
For FET: ( ) if
( (
) )
Regulated Cascode:
and
(NMOS) ) ] (NMOS) ) { !!
REFERENCES
Simple Current Source:
condition for saturation with PMOS: Cut-off/subth./weak-inversion region: if Pinch-Off point: and
C-E, C-S Amplifier with Active Load: ideal current source instead of resistor Common-Emitter Amplifier with non-ideal current source: (
[ ] [ ]
) ) )
Widlar Current Source: for very small currents (A) using only moderate resistor sizes ( ) for BJT: for FET: (not widely used)
( )
] (| ])
|
]
] |)
( ( )
( )
(
[ ]
( )
UNSORTED
PMOS: , small-signal model accordingly flipped
ADMINISTRATIVE
Testing: start: icdesign ams-hk3.70 -tech c35b3 & user: aic04 pass: 7qf-D3Lr user: aic20 pass: afto1]Xb
IMAGE ARCHIVE
TRICKS
MOSFET hybrid-pi
Single-Ended Amplifier
usually
, blabla
BASIC AMPIFIERS
Emitter-Coupled pair
Source-Coupled pair
AC ANALYSIS
mit ( ) , :
Comparison to non-cascode OTA: higher gain, higher output resistance, smaller output swing Additional pole of M9/M10-cascode at much higher frequency Gain Function:
( ( )( ) ( )
( )[ ( )]
( ( )[ ( ) ] with
)(
)(
Basic Idea: Stability problem in feedback conf., if gain>1 where 180, because
Folded Cascode BiCMOS OTA: Difference: Replace M3,M4,M5,M6 with npn Q3,Q4,Q5,Q6 Comparison: improves by 6 dB, higher for npn BJTs, can be higher TODO: 2nd Order Amplifier Model
fastre OpAmp
) (
)
( | | (| |
|
) |) :
und |
), if |
|
o
( )
| ||
|
| ( (|
|
Noise consideration: , because noise-power , PMOS less noisy Typical performance of single-stage cascade OTA in 0.5m CMOS process: ) ( )
( )
UGBW:
(unity-gain-BW)
Phase Margin:
REGULATED CASCODE
Principle:
SWITCHED CM FEEDBACK
NORTON-EQUIVALENT
( ) ( ) | ( ) | ( ( ) ( )) ( ) ( )
SMALL-SIGNAL ANALYSIS
Example:
and )
and | |
| |
| |:
COMPARATORS