Тестирование ПО (обучение начинающих тестировщиков)

......................................................................................................................................................................
1
................................................................................................................................................................... 2
1- ,.............................................................. 5
. . .................................................. 5
........................................................ 7
................................ 8
)
................................................................................................................ 8
.................................................................................................................................................. 10
........................................................................................................................................... 12
................................................................................................................................. 36
, .................................................................... 39
2- ........................................................................................................................ 45

..................................................................................................................... 45

.
.................................................................................................................. 52
............................................................................................................................................ 65
.................................................................................................................................. 65
................................................ 66
.............................................................................................................................. 67
....................................................................................................................... 70
3............................................................................... 75
................................................................................................................................................ 75
, , ................................................................................ 79
............................................................................................................................................. 80
TESTING MATURITY MODEL............................................................................................................................................... 80
, ............................................................................................ 84
,
............................................................................... 85
(,
, ) ................................................................. 87
......................................................................................................................... 88
, ................................................................................................. 91
, , ,
................................................................................................................... 94
................................................................................. 96
............................................................................................................................... 96
..................................................................................................................... 96
.................................................................................................................................... 97
4- ,,
.............................................................................................................................. 101
.......................................................................................................................................................... 101
............................................................................................................. 105
, , ................................................................. 111
........................................................................................... 115
5- ............................... 120
GUI (USABILITY, , ) ................................................................................................. 120
WEB-(, ) ....................................................................................... 122
........................................................................................................................................ 123
.............................................................................................................................. 124
We
b-
..................................................... 124
................................................................................................................................................................. 132
.................................................................................................................................. 134
-.............................................................................................................................................. 135
Quest Software, Inc.

1 2
................................................................................................................................................................. 136
6- ............................................................................... 140
, ......................................................................... 140
....................................................................................................... 140
...................................................................................................... 146
.................................................................................................................................... 147
................................................................................................................................... 149
....................................................................................................................................... 149
.............................................................................................................. 150
.................................................................................................................. 151
............................................................... 152
"
"152
........................................................................................................ 154
.
............................................................................................................................................................... 155
1. . ................................................ 155
2. .................................................................... 166
3. CMM/CMMI (ISO/IEC 15504) ....................................................................................... 169
4. .................................................................................................................... 171
5. 6 SIGMA................................................................................................................................................. 172
6. .............................................................................................. 174
............................................................................................................................................... 179
(
)
.
)
,

2 3
Quest Software Inc. -
!-
.
-
"
"
:
:

3 4
.-1.

2.

4 5
1 -
1952
1976
2005

,
,
1952
0.
0
0
)
.
.
.
)
.
.
:
,defect, bug.
(
desk checks).
:
,
static testing,
.
:
,dynamic testing.

.
:
,debugging.

5 6
Quality Control Engineer,
Quality Assurance Engineer.
;

,
(
Quality Control)
(
Quality Control Engineer)
);

.
.
,
.
.
)
.
,
,

(
Software Tester)
(Software Quality Engineer).
.
:
, verification and validation, V&V.
(
Quality Assurance)

6 7
(
Quality Assurance Engineer)
)
,

(
bui
l
d)
,
.
:
,product lifecycle,
40 80
40
80,
40,
30,20,10,0
.1,
2).
1-1.
,1987).
,%
0,5
1,0
2,4
4,9
7,3
10,7
24,4
48,8
1-2.
-
(
1983)
,
,
(1979)).
,%
3
7 8
5
7
15
67
(
1976)
:
)$75
$4
(
)
,
)
,
e
nt
e
r
pr
i
s
e
,
)
.
)
;

(
"
"
)
;

)
1970-
(
Winston Royce)
,
TRW,
"
".
.
.

1-1,
"

.
.

8 9
.1-1.
)
.
"
,
-
"
"
"
"
"
"

9 10
.
.

,)
.
.
)
:
.
.
;

,
.
"
"
,
80-
(
I
t
e
r
a
t
i
ve a
nd
I
nc
r
e
me
nt
a
lDe
ve
l
opme
nt
,I
I
D)
.
I
I
D
(
,
1-2).
"
"
"

")
.
,
"
"
,
"
".
"
"
,"
"

10 11
"
,".
"
".
.1-2. "
"
2060
..
60%
.
11 12
:RUP, MSF, XP (
)
,
SCRUM, DSDM (Dynamic System Development Method,), Adaptive development, Crystal, FDD,
EVO
)
.
.
.
:
,agile development.
(
Change Control Boards)
.
.

/

12 13
.1-3.
,-
XP, Scrum, Crystal

13 14
.1-4.
Rational Unified Process (RUP)

RUP:
RUP
RUP.

14 15
.1-5.
RUP
RUP
RUP
RUP
(
Testing Discipline)
.
(
roles)
,
(
artifacts)
,
(
activities)
(
workflows).
(
Test)RUP
RUP
."
?
".
.
15 16
RUP
RUP
.
RUP
RUP,
.
,
RUP
RUP
4,
4
.
,

RUP
RUP,
RUP
RUP
(
"
")


16 17
"
",
)
,
)
.

RUP,
.
17 18
(
perceived quality
.
)
,
.
:
,build.
RUP
"
"
Microsoft Solution Framework (MSF)
Microsoft (MCSD).
Mi
c
r
os
of
tSol
ut
i
onFr
a
me
wor
k
(
MSF)
,
,
RUP(
RUP
Mi
c
r
os
of
t
,
I
BM)
,
.
18 19
:
1.
.
2.
.
3.
.
4.
.
5.
)
.

.
,
;
19 20
.
.
;

1-6,

20 21
.1-6.
MSF.
eXtreme Programming (XP)
(
XP)
,
Chr
y
s
l
e
rCons
ol
i
da
t
e
dCompe
ns
a
t
i
on(
C3) Chr
y
s
l
e
r(
10000
)
,
"
".
XP
.
.
)
,
,XP
,XP
.

.
XP
"
"
.

21 22
.XP
.
.
XP
XP
XP,
1-3.
1-3.

22 23
.
40-
40
XP
XP
XP
,,
.
23 24
XP
(
8x12
)
.
XP
3-4
"
" - "
?
"
.

,
(
)
,
0,
5
)
.
78
23

24 25
1
:
1,
100%-
XP,
)
,

.
.
:
"
!
".

25 26
.1-8.
,-

26 27

27 28
.1-9.
1-10):

28 29
.1-10.
"
".
"
", "
" "
"
1000
API
)
,

29 30

"
"
"
"
"
"
"
",
,
UML
.
.

.
30 31
.
,
.(
)
;


31 32
,
,
RUP,
(
patches)
(
patch -
)
.
-1,
-2
.
.
)
,
)
,
?
,
,-
1-11
,

32 33
.1-11.
Qu
e
s
tSof
t
wa
r
e
,Inc .
1-12)
.

5
-6

33 34
.1-12.
Qu
e
s
t
Software, Inc.
1-13),

34 35
.1-13.
Qu
e
s
tSof
t
wa
r
e
,I
nc
)
.

"
" (
Test First)
(
test cases)
,
,
-
(
refactoring)
,
.
"
"
.
,
60%

35 36
:
=
*(
- )
,
,
-
:ISO 9001, TickIT, SEI SWCMM.
I
SO
9000
I
SO
I
SO
I
SO

I
SO
I
SO
.,
I
SO
9000
"
"

I
SO,
I
SO
Ti
c
kI
T
Ti
c
kI
T.
I
SO9001:
94.
I
SO9001,
"
"
,
"
"
I
SO 9001.
Ti
c
kI
T
I
SO 9001
I
SO 12207
I
SO9000-3.
SEISW-CMM
36 37
SEISW-CMM.
I
SO
9000)
TQM.
TQM
,
I
SO CMM
I
SO,
1
00%-
)
,
SEI SW-CMM
.

2

Pr
oj
e
c
tManage
me
nt
(
I
SO9000,SEISW-CMM, TickIT, Spice ISO 15504
.
.
)
,
I
T-
.
176
I
SO
I
SO 10006"
"
,
I
SO
9
000
I
SO
9000)
,
I
SO 9001
SEI SW-CMM
I
T-

37 38
.1-14.
DODSTD-2167, DOD-STD-2167A, MIL-STD-1521B MI

L-STD-498
MI
L-STD-498,
2167 2167A
,
,
MI
L-STD-1521B,

.
.
)
,
MIL-STD-498
DOD-2167A
40
0
50000
20000000
.
38 39
RUP.
(
testing activities)
(
Pl
a
nTe
s
t
)

(
i
de
nt
i
f
yr
e
qui
r
e
me
nt
sf
ort
e
s
t
)

(
a
s
s
e
s
sr
i
s
k)

(
de
ve
l
opt
e
s
ts
t
r
a
t
e
gy
)

(identify test resources)

(
c
r
e
a
t
es
c
he
dul
e
)

(
g
e
ne
r
a
t
eTe
s
tPl
a
n)
(
De
s
i
g
nTe
s
t
)

(prepare workload analysis)

(
i
de
nt
i
f
ya
ndde
s
c
r
i
bet
e
st cases)

(
i
de
nt
i
f
ya
nds
t
r
uc
t
ur
et
e
s
t
procedures)

(review and assess test coverage)
(
I
mpl
e
me
ntTe
s
t
)

(
r
e
cord or program test scripts)

(identify test-specific functionality in the Design and Implementation Model)
(
e
s
t
a
bl
i
s
he
xt
e
r
na
lda
t
as
e
t
s)
(
Exe
c
ut
eTe
s
t
)

(
e
xe
c
ut
eTe
s
tpr
oc
e
dur
e
s
)

(evaluate execution of Test)

(
r
e
c
ove
rf
r
o
m ha
l
t
e
dTe
s
t
)

(
ve
r
i
f
yt
her
e
s
ul
t
s
)

(
i
nve
s
t
i
g
a
t
eune
xpe
c
t
e
dr
e
s
ul
t
s
)
39 40
(
l
ogde
f
e
c
t
s
)
(
Eva
l
ua
t
eTe
s
t
)

(
e
va
l
ua
t
eTe
s
t
-case coverage)

(evaluate code coverage)

(
a
na
l
y
z
ede
f
e
c
t
s
)

(determine if Test
Completion Criteria and Success Criteria have been achieved
,Test
Manager, Test Project Manager

(management oversight),
,Test Lead
.
.
"
"
-
:
,Te
s
tDe
s
i
g
ne
r

,Te
s
t
e
r

,
De
s
i
g
ne
r


40 41
,I
mpl
e
me
nt
e
r

(
uni
tt
e
s
t
s
)
,
)
,
Test System Administrator

,Database Administrator,
Database Manager


41 42

42 43
.1-15.

43 44
.1-16.
.
44 45
2 -

IBM, Xerox, HP,
, NASA .
, white box
testing,
"
"(
c
l
e
a
rbox)
,
(
t
r
a
ns
l
uc
e
nt
)
"
" (white box)
"
"
(glass box)
"
" (black box).

45 46
"
"
"
"
"
".

.
.(
.
)

)
,
"
".
,,
"
" -
)
,
"
"
Together
,
46 47
API-
"
"-
"
"
,
"
"
.2-1.
"
".
"
".
(
c
ove
r
a
g
ec
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
)
.

47 48
I
F
2-1.
"
"
"
"
"
"

48 49
"
"

"
"
1,
(
profiler)
,
,

49 50
2.
(
bottom-up).
-
,
.
,
.
50 51
.
:
(
top-down).
"
"
"
"
,,
,,

51 52
(
bebugging).
100
,
20,
80%
(
mutation testing).
.
:
, black box testing
"
"
"
"
"
"
. Together

.
.
)
.

100-1000
,
,
.
.
)
.
"
"
"
".
"
"
"
"
.
.

52 53
.
)
.
.2-4.
"
" (
"
"
(
API
)
.
"
"
"
"
3-
"
"
"
"

53 54
"
"
"
"
"
".
"
"
;
54 55
1 100,
1100(
)
;

)
.
100
)
;

)
.
2-2.
2-2.
1100
0
>100
,
5-5,
0.
4-
.
55 56
.
,
)
.
.
:
128
255
.
,

.
.
:
,

56 57
18
0
180
180
2
-2
.
,
Windows NT 4.
0Windows 2003.
,
Windows NT 4.
0,
,Windows NT 3.51.
Windows 2003,
,Windows 2003 Service Pack 1.
1-2
,>
>=)
$1$1000,
,$0,$1001.


57 58
.2-5.
)
,
!
).
.
58 59
(
sensitivity analysis).

59 60
.
"
"
"
"
",
"
"
,
-
.
:

60 61
(
resiliency)
.2-6.
(
scalability testing)
(
)
"
"
"
".

61 62
(
monkey test)
,


62 63
.
-
XP
(
acceptance tests).
.
:

63 64
.2-7.
.
/

64 65
)
.
)
,
,
(
Web-
)
,
)
,
)
.
.
:

65 66
(
l
oa
dt
e
s
t
i
ng
)

66 67
120
(
compatible)
,

67 68
?

.
.
,
)
.

.
.,
.
,

,
,
)
.
"
".
.
68 69
.
,
(
Quality Assurance).

69 70
.2-8.

70 71
)
,
(
r
e
c
or
d/
pl
a
y
ba
c
k)
;
Ra
t
i
ona
lRobot(
I
BM/
Ra
t
i
ona
l
)
,
WinRunner (Mercury Interactive), QARun
(
Compuwa
r
e
)
.
,QAHi
pe
r
s
t
a
t
i
on
Compuwa
r
e
.
Web-
Loa
dRunne
rMe
r
c
ur
yI
nt
e
r
a
c
t
i
ve
;
)
;


71 72
.
)
,
.
Test
Architect
(IBM/Rational)
.
, EJ
B)
.
.
Test
RealTime
(IBM/Rational),
C++.

"
" (
a
s
s
e
r
t
i
on)
.

72 73

Te
s
tAr
c
hi
t
e
c
t
.
,
Te
s
t
Re
a
l
Ti
me
)
.
(
mode
lba
s
e
dt
e
s
t
i
ng
)
(
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
onbased testing).
J
a
va
C#
.
,
50%.

73 74
)
.
,
-
)
.
, 1000
(
c
a
l
l
-c
e
nt
e
r
)
.
12
,24
10
200
.
:
, business requirements document (BRD), marketing

requirements document (MRD).
.
:
,.
.
)
,
10
)
,
,
deliverables
.3-1.

76 77
("
")
)
,
.
:
,Test
Evaluation Summary, Test Summary Report
(
Master Test Plan)
,
) (Test Plan),
(
Quality Assurance Plan)

.
.
.
.
.
:
-
,test plan
: MS Project, MS Excel, IBM/Rational TestManager, Mercury TestDirector.
!
)
,
"
"
.
.
(RUP)).
:
,test idea list

77 78
.
:
,test suite
,
.
.
:
,
test scripts
(
use cases)
.
.
:
,test
case, test case specifications.
)
,
(
Workload Mdel).
(test interface specification)
(testability).

(test automation architecture)
.
:
,defect, bug
(Test-Pr
oc
e
dur
eSpe
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
ons
)
,
(
Te
s
tI
nc
i
de
ntRe
por
t
)
,
(
Ac
c
e
pt
a
nc
eTe
s
t
)
,

78 79
.
.
;

.
:
,use case,
XP
)
,

,
,
-,
.
79 80
QA
(
Accessibility));

(
usability UI)
Testing Maturity Model

TMM
1.
(
CMM)
(
SEI)
(
,
key process area)
,
3-1
TMM
3-1. "
1-5
".
1TMM

80 81
"
".
1
CMM,
125%
, 150%
2TMM
"
, ,
".
TMM

81 82
1,
3TMM
"
".
,
3
2.
2(
TMM),
4TMM
,
82 83
"
".
5TMM
TMM 1
TMM.
4,
,
83 84
ODC
(Orthogonal Defect Classification
)
.
ODC
IBM
"
".
UML-

84 85
3-2)
3
-2.
.
SM-06
SM-06
SG-07
SA-08
TV-10
SG-07
SA-08
TV-10
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

85 86
.3-3.
)
.
3-3.
"
"

86 87
.
-

(checklist)
,
"
"
,

87 88
)
,

88 89
,

.
(
Gantt)
,

89 90
.3-4.

90 91
Rational Corporation:
91 92
(
e
xpos
ur
e
)
.
)
,
(requirements-bases
approach)
(behavioral approach)
.
(structural approach)
.

.
"
"

92 93
,,
"
".

93 94
(
Business Process Reengineering, BPR)
,BPR
,,
.

?
"
",
,
94 95
)
.
.
.

?
95 96
)
?

: Rational RequisitePro, Borland CaliberRM, TogetherSoft/Borland Together,

QSS/Telelogic DOORS.
Borland CaliberRM 2005
(
ALM)
.
Capability Maturity Model (SW-CMM).
ESTI
MATE Pr
of
e
s
s
i
ona
l
Sof
t
wa
r
ePr
oduc
t
i
vi
t
yCe
nt
e
r(
SPC)
.
ESTI
MATE Pr
of
e
s
s
i
on
a
l
,
: GNU CVS, GNU CSSC,
SCC: Serena
ChangeMan Version Manager (Merant PVCS), Microsoft SourceSafe, StarBase/Borland StarTeam,
Continuus Software Continuus, IBM/Rational ClearCase.
: AvayaSCM, CCC/Harvest, MKS Integrity Manager, Perforce, RCS, SCCS, Suround SCM,
SourceGear Vault
PVCSTr
a
c
ke
r
:

96 97
PVCSTr
a
c
ke
r
PVCSTr
a
c
ke
r
ODBC-
PVCSTr
a
c
ke
r
.
PVCSTr
a
c
ke
r
PVCSTr
a
c
ke
r
.
PVCSTr
a
c
ke
r
Or
a
c
l
e
,MSSQLSe
r
ve
rSy
ba
s
e
ODBC.
PVCS Configuration Builder
.
PVCS Configur
a
t
i
onBui
l
de
r
PVCSVe
r
s
i
onMa
na
ge
r
.
PVCS Configuration Builder
PVCSConf
i
g
ur
a
t
i
onBui
l
de
r
(
Exc
ha
nge Publ
i
c Fol
de
r
s
,Sha
r
e
Poi
nt
,Sour
c
e
Sa
f
e
,
.
.
)
: Rational Suite TestStudio, Mercury Interactive TestDirector, AutomatedQA

AQDevTeam.
Te
s
t
Di
r
e
c
t
or
Me
r
c
ur
y
Interactive Inc.
Te
s
t
Di
r
e
c
t
or
:MSAc
c
e
s
s
,Or
a
c
l
e
,MSSQLSe
r
ve
r
Sy
ba
s
e
.
Te
s
t
Di
r
e
c
t
or
-
I
nt
e
r
ne
tI
nt
r
a
ne
t
we
b
.Te
s
t
Di
r
e
c
t
or
Me
r
c
ur
yI
nt
e
r
a
c
t
i
ve
,
Wi
nRunne
r
,Loa
dRunne
r
,Qui
c
kTe
s
tPr
of
e
s
s
i
ona
l
,As
t
r
aQui
c
kTe
s
t
.
.
,
(
MSWor
d,MSExcel, MS Visual SourceSafe, MERANT PVCS Tracker,
Rational ClearQuest, Rational ClearCase, Rational RequisitePro, Telelogic DOORS).
Te
s
t
Di
r
e
c
t
or
-
(
Re
qui
r
e
me
ntMa
na
ge
r
)

(
Te
s
tPl
a
n)

(
Te
s
tLa
b)
97 98
(
De
f
e
c
tMa
na
g
e
r
)
Re
qui
r
e
me
ntManage
r

(
t
e
s
t
i
ng r
e
qui
r
e
me
nt
s
)
,

TestDirector-

Re
qui
r
e
me
nt Ma
na
g
e
r
,
"
" -
.
3-4)
.

.3-4.
"
"
Te
s
tPl
an
,
Te
s
tPl
a
n
(
t
e
s
tpl
a
nt
r
e
e
)(
.
3-5).

98 99
.3-5. "
"
(
t
e
s
t

,
)
.
,
Te
s
t
Pl
a
n
Re
qui
r
e
me
ntMa
na
g
e
r(
)
.
(
t
e
s
ts
t
e
ps
)(
.
3-6).
.3-6. "
"
.Te
s
t
Di
r
e
c
t
or
Me
r
c
ur
yI
nt
e
r
a
c
t
i
ve
,
Wi
n
Runn
e
r
,Qui
c
kTe
s
tPr
of
e
s
s
i
ona
l
,Loa
dRunne
r.
Te
st Lab
Te
s
tLa
b.
Te
s
tLa
b
(
t
e
s
ts
e
t
s
)
,
Exe
c
ut
i
on

99 100
Gr
i
d(
.3-7)
,
. 3-7. "Execution Grid"
Defect Manager
De
f
e
c
t
s
.3-8. "
Defects"

De
f
e
c
t
s
"
"
,
.Te
s
t
Di
r
e
c
t
or
.Te
s
t
Di
r
e
c
t
or

100 101
4 -
3050
%
RUP,
RUP)
,,
.RUP
(
Test Data)
,
"
"
)
,

101 102
(
24
,7
)
,
(
GA)
.
,-
(
Usability standart)
(
Accessibility standart),

102 103
(
"
")
"
" ("smoke
test" -
)
)
,

103 104
, "
"

104 105
:bug tracking system, issue tracking system, defect tracking system,
(
)
.
.
-

(
Application Lifecycle
Management, ALM).
:
BugZilla
Atlassian Jira
Intuit Track-It!
Visual Intercept
Seapine
AdminiTrack
PointinSight
Software Support Management System (SSM)
I-Sight
Bugs Manager
SilkCentral Issue Manager
Razor Innovative SCM
:
-
.
105 106
.
-
.
.

?
-
.
-
.
-
.
.
)
.

,.
)
,
.
.
106 107
)
,
)
.
)
,
)
,
.
4-1:
.4-1.

107 108
,
,
36
15):

(medium)
(major, high)
(minor) -
.
.
)
.

(critical, urgent) -
(
Runt
i
mee
r
r
or
s
)
,
,,
)
.
).

108 109
)
;

.
.
;

Found (
:
New
,
New Issue
,
New CR
)
Sug
g
e
s
t
i
on(
:
New Enhancement
)
,
Fi
ni
s
he
d(
Closed
,
Completed
,
Verified-Closed
)
.
-
,

To Delete
,
De
l
e
t
e
d
Ar
bi
t
r
a
ge Ne
e
de
d
,

.
.
:
109 110
Discoverer
.
.
)
.
Fixer
)
.
Manager
)
.
UI
).
.4-2.
(
FogBUGZ).

110 111
FogBUGZ,
:
"
"
.

"
"
DLL,
:

,
)
.

,
)
,
TAB,

111 112
)
.

,
)
.

,
)
.

.
,
.

,
.4-3.
Jira 3.0.

112 113
.4-4.
Jira 3.0
.4-5.
Jira 3.0
)
,
.
.
)

113 114
,5%
),
)
.
.
.
)
,
,
.
Submitter Importance;

)Business Priority;

)Technical Priority.
,
.
)
,

.
.
,
)
,
,
.

114 115
4-1)

,
,
4-1.
1.1
1.2
,
"
"
)
1.3
1.1
n/m
1.2
n/m
1.3
n/m
4-2)
4-2.
]
[
]
[
]
[
]
[

115 116
4-3),
4-3.
<
>
<
>
:
1.
:
1.
:
1.
,

116 117
4-4,
,% Run (
"
"
)
.
"
#Fail"
(
"
# Not Run" (
"
#Test"
,
"
#Pass".
4-4.
:123
:2/
3
# Test
# Pass
# Fail
20
12
2
15
10
4
25
12
6
18
8
8
78
42
20
# Not Run
6
1
7
# Run
70%
93%
72%
89%
16
79%
:
"
?
"
.
:

,
SWEEP (Software Error Estimation Program

117 118
,
.
4-7).
.4-7.
~95%,
100(
)
.

95% (
App
l
i
e
dSof
t
wa
r
eMe
a
s
ur
e
me
nt
,
Jones, 1991).
)
.
95%)

118 119
95%
,
.
5%

"
"
,
98%
,

119 120
5 -
GUI (usability,
,
)
GUI
UI
UI
UI
.
GUI
GUI
GUI
GUI ,
.
.
GUI
,
.
.

120 121
)
;

Tab
(Tab order),
shortcuts Hot keys;

MS Office, MS Visual Studio,
KDE.

mmc
Microsoft.
Tab
;
"
";

.
.
;

.
.
;


121 122
UI
:

?
Copy/paste (
copy,
.
.
(
Mac)
GUI

,
.
Web-(
we
b-
we
b.
Oz
on.
r
u,Subs
c
r
i
be
.
r
u,
.
Web-
We
b
We
b
We
b-
Web-
.
Web-
We
b

HTML, XML, XHTML.
.5-1.
We
b-

122 123
5-1
We
b-
We
b
-
We
b
-
We
b-

(
HTTP,HTTPS.
)
.We
b-
.
Web-

We
b-
(
(
HTML)
;

(
HTTP)
.
Web-

HTML (
J
a
va
s
c
r
i
pt
,VBSc
r
i
pt
.
.
)
.
VBScript
VBScript
web-
"
".
VBScript
I
E
VBScript
"
"
.
JScript
Microsoft JScript 5.
5
Mi
c
r
os
of
t
,
ECMAScript. JScript
JScript,
,"
",

123 124
JScript
Microsoft Script Debugger (MSD)

.
Web-
web-
web-
,
-

124 125
NULL
EMPTY.

"
",
"
"
$78
$87.

MM/DD/YYYY.
MM
12,DD
31.
,
,
,
:


125 126
web-
Web,
Windows.
we
b-
4we
b
URL-
SSL(
Se
c
ur
e
Server);

GET)
;

web-

126 127
1
;

ASP-
web-
"
",
web-
,ASP-
13,
,-

25-30
30
*HTML
(
<
)
;

URL'
;
CS
S,
;
127 128
)
;
PHP:

(
x=1;
$x=1;
)
;

(
'
=$x'
'
='
$x)
;

(
i
f
(
$x=1)
{
.
.
}
i
f
(
$x==1)
{
.
.
}
)
.
HTTP.
HTML
We
b-

We
b
.
We
b-
Ca
pt
ur
e & Pl
a
y
ba
c
k(
Re
c
or
d& Pl
a
y
ba
c
k,Ca
pt
ur
e& Re
pl
a
y
)
.
HTML-

.
.
)
,
.
.
)
.
.
)
.
(
VBA,
JavaScript, C#TestComplete, J
a
vaSol
e
x)
,
(
4Te
s
tSi
l
kTe
s
t
Se
g
ue
,SQABa
s
i
cRat
i
ona
lRobotI
BM,TSLWi
nRunne
rMe
r
c
ur
y
, DelphiScript C++
Script TestComplete AutomatedQA)
.
HTTP-
,Sol
e
x)
,

128 129
)
.
(
Da
t
aDr
i
ve
n)
.
,
.
Ca
pt
ur
e & Pl
a
y
ba
c
k,
,e
-Tester Empi
r
i
x)
;
(
Conve
r
gy
sAut
o
Tester
Wi
nRunn
er).
. Ke
y
wor
dDr
i
ve
n
(
"
", "
", "
"
.
.
)
.

"
"
Ce
r
t
i
f
y Wor
kSof
t
,
.
.
)
(
I
nput
Te
xt
,
VerifyValue, VerifyPrope
r
t
y
.
.
)
.
We
b-

HTTP
We
b
-
HTTP-
We
b
-
.
(
GETPOST)
,
(
URL)
,
.
.
)
We
b-
.
HTTP-
We
b-
We
b
URL,

129 130
URL.
We
b-

HTTP-
. HTTP-
We
b-
HTTP-
We
b-
We
b-
We
b
-
Web-
.
.
.
HTML-
,
Web-
We
b-
We
b
-
We
b-
We
b-
, HTML-

We
b-
We
b
-
We
b
URL
,
130 131
URL.
We
b-
HTTP
We
b
-
,APIWe
b-
)
,
We
b-
We
b
We
b
We
b-
We
b-
We
b-
)
.
We
b-
EJ
B,
We
b-
HTTP
)
.
We
b-
We
b-
HTTP-
We
b-

131 132
We
b
.

,
Ca
pt
ur
e& Pl
a
y
ba
c
k
Ke
y
wor
d
Driven
Ca
pt
ur
e & Pl
a
y
ba
c
k
Ca
pt
ur
e & Pl
a
y
ba
c
k,
.
Ke
y
wor
dDr
i
ve
n
We
b
-
Web-

132 133
)
,
)
,
(
+=,
(ODBC, JDBC, DAO, ADO, RDO, native clients);

NULL;
;
133 134
(
+=,,
)

)
;

,SQL Profiler MS SQL Server);

(
SQL Query Analyzer MS SQL Server, SQL*Plus
Oracle).

(
MySQL Administrator MySQL, pgAdmin III
PostgreSQL).
Wi
ndo
wsNT/
2000/XP
)
.
GUI
,
API
Uni
x-

134 135
Re
s
our
c
eKi
t
,Suppor
t
Tool
s
)
.
GNU.
Mi
c
r
os
of
tRe
s
our
c
eKi
t
,SunONERe
s
our
c
eKi
t
,
MS SQL (bcp,
makepipe/readpipe), AD/AM (dbdsutil), Exchange (isinteg, eseutil),
Mi
c
r
os
o
f
t(
c
s
c
r
i
pt
,csc), Borland (bcc)
MSDN
Ope
nSou
r
c
e
Wi
ndows9x
)
.
,ba
t
c
h/
s
he
l
l
-
)
.
)
.
.
.
,
,;

,
ActiveX;

(
embedded)

135 136
(
Qua
l
i
t
yAs
s
ur
a
nc
e
)
Ra
pi
dAppl
i
c
a
t
i
onDe
ve
l
opme
nt(
RAD)
.
18- 24
,RAD,
"
c
hunks
"-
3- 6-

DLL (
)
,
"
"

136 137
.

.
ASCI
I(
,,
)
.
)
,
: Mi
c
r
os
of
t
DOS
ASCI
I
Wi
ndows
ANSI
. Appl
e
ASCI
I
,ANSI
.
,
.
.
<Shi
f
t
>
<Al
t
-Gr
>.
(
de
a
d ke
y
)
.

137 138
,,
<Enter>.
"
" -
,(
5)
.
.

.
(
ASCII ANSI).
32.
,Pascal)

12- 2
4-
)
,
.
138 139
.

#
)
.

).
.
.

139 140
6 -
,
.
"
"
,
125-150%
a
si
s
(ATLM).
)
.(
ATLM)
.
"
"

140 141
6-1.
, ,

141 142
6-2.
,
"
"
(build)
.
142 143
2000
.

143 144
?
144 145
SQA Suite
SQA Basic
Visual Basic.

.Test Studio,
MS Access SQL
Anywhere.
.
145 146
SQL.
,SQL Anywhere.

Access.
100
1000
.
.
)
hdd,
)
.
:
NT P
,
L TP
;N
,;
;L
(
)
(
)
,;
, > 1
:
NT P P ( )

,
L TP
,;
,
.

146 147
,
,
3-
(function library)
(object repository)
(script library)
"
"
.
.
)
,
.
.
:"
!
"
Microsoft
)
,
100
24
1000

147 148
-9
10
,
10-1.
10
23
23
.
20
.

,
)
,
80%
5%
)
.
)
,

)
,


148 149
100%.

,
-
:
1.

.
3000050000
(
/
)
,

149 150
)
.
.
2. (
)
.

)
,
)
.
.
3.
95%
.10
0%-
99%.

150 151
)
.

.
/
.

/
)
.

151 152
)
.

5%.

"
"

"
"
,
"
"
.
.
6-3.
"
"
"
"

152 153
)
.

153 154
.
.
;

Mercury Interactive
Segue Silktest
Rational Test Suite
Automated QA
WSH (VBScript, Jscript)

Perl
Python
)
:
ResKit
SupTools
OS (Windows, UNIX, NetWare)
(
dsbrowse NetWare,
)
.
:
.
NET Windows

154 155
.
1.
web-
2-1.
Windows
http://www.clanproductions.
JBlitz v4.2
WebSpray
95/98/NT/2000/
XP
Professional
Edi
t
i
onDi
r
e
c
tEdi
t
i
on
.
Di
r
e
c
t
Edi
t
i
on
Pr
of
e
s
s
i
onal
Edi
t
i
on
com/jblitz/
www.rehillnetworks.com
Windows
98/NI/2000

155 156
TestWorks/Web
WebPerformance
Trainer
WebSizr/WebCo
nder
Benchmark
Factory
MS Web
Application
Stress
FORECAST
1000
IP
IP-
.
.Software
Research Inc.
,
XVirtual.
web-
200
cookie,
,
,
Technivations.
WebSizr
,cookie,
Windows 98/NT
Unix
www.soft.com/products/
web/index.html
Windows
NT, Linux,
Solaris,
Un
i
x
www.webperfcenter.com
www.technovations.com
Windows 95
NT. WebCorder
J
a
v
a
J
DK
1.
0.
2
www.benchmark
Client/Server Solution Inc.

Visual factory.com
,
Control Center
web-,
,
Windows
,cookie, SSL.
NT
AS3AR, SetQuery, Wisconsin, WebStone
MS SQL
Server, Oracle 78,Sybase System 11, ODBC,
DB2 CLI IBM, Informix
www.homer.rte.microsoft.
Microsoft Internal Tools
com
Group (ITG)
ASP web-
Windows
NT Server
,SSL,
Windows 2000,
MSIE 4.
0
ASP, cookie.
web
web-
www.facillita.co.uk
Facillita Software
Unix

156 157
Zeus Free Web

Load Test Tool
VeloMeter
http-Load
Microsoft
WCAT Load
Test Tool
Portent Web
Load Testing
Tool
WebART
WebLoad
Radviews
WebLoad
Java Studio
Enterprise
(JSE) 7
web-
Unix-
web-
Apache 1.3x
we
b,
J
a
v
a
,
ACME;
web-
Microsoft,
MS IIS
Unix
www.webper.zeus.co.uk/
intro
JDK
1.1.6
www.binevolve.com
Unix
www.acme.com/software/
http_load
Windows NT
www.msdn.microsoft.com/
workshop/server/toolbox/
wcat. asp
Loadtesting.com
Java,
WebART OCLC Inc.

Windows
100-200
;
3.1/95/NT
Windows
Computer Associates.(
95/NT, Solaris,
Radviews
AIX
WebLoad,
Platinum Technologies,
Computer Associates)
Windows
Radviews Software.
95/NT, Solaris,
(
SSL
AIX
- Secure Sokets Layer), cookie,
HTML,
Sun (Application Server, Web

Server, Portal
Server, Directory Server, Identity Server,
Message
Qu
e
u
e
)
,
UML
2.
0
www.loadtesting.com
www.oclc.org/webart
www.ca.com/products/plati
num/appdev/fe_iltps.htm
www.radview.com
http://wwws.sun.com/softwa
re/products/

157 158
J
2EE
2-2.
J
a
va
Panorama for
Java
Windows
95/98/NT
www.softwareautomation.c
om
Java
www.mccabe.com
Java
www.parasoft.com/index.ht
m
www.radview.com
McCabe
Visual Test
jTest!
AppletLoad
AssertMate
Java
;JavaSQA
;JavaDocGen
Java-
;
JavaStructure
;
JavaDiagrammer
Java-
;Java Test
;JavaPlayback
Java
Java
Radview
s
WebLoad.
Java
RST;
Java
2-3.
LinkGuard
Online
Xe
nu
sLi
nk
Sleuth
Linkalarm
Theseus
Alert
Linkrunner
I-Control
WebWeaver
Tilman Hausherr.
web-
SSL,
FTP gopher-
Macintosh;
Radview
s
WebLoad Tool
Java
www.rstcorp.com
Win98/NT
www.linkguard.com
www.linkalarm.com
Macintosh
www.matterform.com
Win95/98/NT
Win95/NT
www.alertbookmarks.com/lr/download.htm
www.futurearts.com/ICONt
rol.html
http://home.snafu.de/tilman/
xenulink.html

158 159
RiadaLinx
Linkbot
InfoLink
LinkScan
CyberSpyder
Link Test
Tetranet.
BiggByte
Software;
FTP-
Electronic Software Publishing Co/
Aman Software.
2-4.
HTML-
RealValidator
CSE HTML
Validator
HTML,
SGML (
Liam Quinn)
.
HTML 4.0, HTML 3.2, HTML 3.0

HTML 2.
0;
HTML-
(
HTML Document
Type Definitions - DTDs)
DTD
.
HTML
3.
2HTML 4.
0
HTML-Help
HTML-
Win95/NT
Win95/NT
www.riada.com
www.tetranetsoftware.com/products/
Win95
www.biggbyte.com
Unix
Win98/NT.
Perl 5
www.elsop.com
Win3.1/95/NT
www.cyberspyder.com/csln
kts1.html
Win95/98/NT;
MSIE
4.
0
,
HTML-Help 1.1
http://areavalidator.com
Win95/NT
www.htmlvalidator.com
2-5.
HTML-
.
159 160
WDG HTML
Validator
HTML-
Web Design Group;
HTML,
Northern
Webs.
HTML-
HTML 2.0, HTML 3.2, HTML 4.0

WebTV 1.1
HTML-
WWW Consortium (
)
;
URL
HTML-
Web-
www.htmlhtlp.com/tools/val
idator
Web-
www.northernwebs.com/set/
setsimjr.html
Web-
www.delorie.com/web/purif
y.html
Web-
http://validator.w3.org
MetaMedic
Web Page
Purifier
W3C HTML
Validation
Service
2-6.
l
og
-
HTTPD
Log
Analyzers list
Web
De
v
e
l
ope
r
s
Virtual Library
Log Analyzer
Listing
Unix, Win, NT,
log-
,
Mac
,-
100
:Unix, Win, NT, Mac
Web-
log-
30
www.uu.se/Software/Analy
zers/Access-analyzers.html
www.stars.com/Vlib/Softwa
re/Statistics.html
2-7.
Castalia IP
Socket Tester
Net.Medic
Redstone
Software
Eggplant 2.0
IP-
IP-
VitalSoft.
Ma
c
OSX.
Eg
g
pl
a
n
t
Win95/NT
www.redhillnetworks.com
Win95/98/NT
www.ins.com
Mac OS X

160 161
Eg
g
pl
a
n
t2.
0
2-8.
Macrobot
Worksoft Certify
.
.
service oriented architecture, SOA).
Worksoft Certify
XML
(
SOA)
NT 4.0
www.watchfire.com
SP 4
,
Win95/98,
MSIE 4.01 SP 1
http://www.worksoft.com
2-9.
we
b-
Ha
c
k
e
r
Sh
i
l
d
Cyber Attack
Defence System
ITS4
eXamine 1.0
Beta
BindView.
IP-
web-
/
++
eXamine 1.0
Ke
n
a
iSy
s
t
e
ms
,
NT 4
.
0SP 4
MSIE
www.bindview.com
Solaris
NT
www.checkpoint.com
Unix
Windows
CygWin
www.rstcorp.com
http://www.kenaisystems.co
m/

161 162
Ke
n
a
iSy
st
e
ms
2-10.
Morae 1.1
(
u
s
a
bi
l
i
t
y
)
.Mor
a
e--
Re
mot
eVi
e
we
r
,
(
Vi
r
t
u
a
lPr
i
v
a
t
e
Ne
t
wor
k
,VPN)
Pi
c
t
u
r
e
-inPi
c
t
u
r
e(
PI
P)
,
http://www.techsmith.com
2-11.
SOA Test 4.0

(
SOAPtest)
Win2000/XP,
Linux, Solaris;
Java
http://www.parasoft.com/

162 163
SOAPt
e
s
t
WSDL-
.
SOAPt
e
s
t
(
i
n
t
e
r
ope
r
a
bi
l
i
t
y
)
,
SOAPt
e
s
t
.
Rational
Functional
Tester 6.1 (
IBM Rational
Functional
Tester for Java
and Web)
Segue SilkTest
7.6
J
a
v
a
,
VS.
NET,
Mi
c
r
os
of
tVi
s
u
a
lSt
u
di
o.
NETI
DE
Mic
r
os
of
tVi
s
u
a
lBa
s
i
c.
NET
J
a
v
a
Ec
l
i
ps
e
,Ra
t
i
on
a
l
Fun
c
t
i
on
a
lTe
s
t
e
r
r
e
c
or
d-and-pl
a
y
ba
c
k
.
Vi
s
u
a
lSt
u
di
o.
NET,
Vi
s
u
a
lSt
u
di
o.
NETWi
n
For
m
WebForm.
J
a
v
a
,
We
b.
NET
Mot
i
f(
2.
12.
2
)
,
SunSol
a
r
i
sUNI
X
(
910)Re
dHa
tEn
t
e
r
pr
i
s
eLi
nux
(
WS2.
13.
0)
.C
Se
gu
e
Si
l
kTest.
Si
l
k
Te
s
t
Windows
2000/XP/2003
http://www306.ibm.com/software/ratio
nal/
Windows, Linux
(RHEL), Unix
(Solaris)
http://www.segue.com

163 164
Mercury Quality
Center 8.2
Wi
n
dows
,Li
n
uxUNI
X.
Si
l
k
Te
s
t
.Si
l
k
Te
s
t
7.
6
Business
Process Testing Dashboard,
WinRunner 8.0,
upgrade.
http://www.mercury.com
2-12.
TestDriven.NET
1.0
Vi
s
u
a
lSt
u
di
o.
Ne
t
NUn
i
t
AddI
n
,
Te
s
t
Dr
i
v
e
n
.
NET,
1.
0,
http://www.testdriven.net
2-13.
Fit 1.0
J
a
v
a.
NET,
Wor
d
Ex
c
e
l
.
http://fit.c2.com
2-14.
Automated Build
Studio 1.1
Microsoft Visual
Studio 2005 Visual Studio 2005 Team System
Windows
http://www.automatedqa.co
m

164 165
we
b-
2-15.
Applied
Innovation
Management
Bug Tracker
BugTracker
web-
Defect Tracker
Bug Collector
Problem
Tracker
web-
PR Tracker
web
Web-
Windows, Windows
NT
www.prtracker.com
www.innovate.com
www.bugtracker.com
www.defecttracker.com
www.nesbit.com
www.netresultscorp.com

165 166
Clear Quest
Jira 3.0
:St
a
n
da
r
d,Pr
of
e
s
s
i
on
a
l
Enterprise
:St
a
n
da
r
d,Pr
of
e
s
s
i
on
a
l
Enterprise
BugZilla
Windows, Linux
www.rational.com
Web-based
http://www.bugzilla.org
http://www.atlassian.com/soft
ware/jira/
2-16.
Windows
http://wwws.hyperionics.co
HyperSnap
m
DX 5
VideoCam
HyperCam
Snag-It
Windows
Windows
http://wwws.hyperionics.co
m
2.
IEEE
IEEE Std 1008-1993 - Standard for Software Unit Testing
IEEE Std 1012-1998 - Standard For Software Verification and Validation
IEEE Std 1016.1-1993 - Software Testing Standard
IEEE Std 1058-1998 - Standard for Software Project Management Plans
IEEE Std 1063-1987 - Standard for Software User Documentation
IEEE Std 1074-1997 - Standard for Developing Software Life Cycle Processes
IEEE Std 1233-1998 - Guide for Developing System Requirements Specifications
IEEE Std 2003-1997 - Requirements And Guidelines For Test Methods Specifications And
Test Method Implementations For Measuring Conformance To Posix Standards
IEEE Std 730-2002 - Standard For Software Quality Assurance Plans
IEEE Std 828-1998 - Standard for Software Configuration Management Plans
IEEE Std 829-1998 - Standard for Software Test Documentation
IEEE Std 830-1998 - Recommended Practice for Software Requirements Specifications

166 167
ISO/IEC
ISO-IEC 10746-1-1998 - IT-ODP - Reference model Overview
ISO-IEC 10746-2-1996 - IT-ODP - Reference model Foundations
ISO-IEC 10746-4-1998 - IT-ODP - Reference Model - Architectural semantics
ISO-IEC 7498-3-1997 - IT-OSI - Basic Reference Model - Naming and addressing
ISO-IEC 7498-4-1989 - IPS-OSI - Basic Reference Model - Part 4 - Management framework
19.301-79(
3747-82)
19.
201-78(
1627-79)
19.
004-80
19.
102-77
IEEE Std 830-1998 - Recommended Practice for Software Requirements Specifications
(Software Requirements Specifications, SRS).

1.
(Introduction).
(Purpose).
(Scope).
(Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations).
(References).
(Overview).
2.
(Overall description).
(Product perspective).
(Product functions).
(User characteristics).
(Constraints).
(Assumptions and dependencies).

3.
(Specific requirements).
(External interfaces).
(Functions).
(Performance requirements).
(Logical database requirements).
(Design constraints).
(Standards compliance).
(Software system attributes).
(Reliability).
(Availability).
(Security).
(Maintanability).
(Portability).
(Organizing the specific requirements).
(System mode).
(User class).
(Objects).
(Feature).
(Stimulus).
(Response).
(Functional hierarchy).
167 168
3.8
(Additional comments).
4.
(Appendixes).
5.
(Index).
IEEE 829-1998 Standard for Software Test Documentation
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
(Test plan identifier).
(Introduction).
(Test items).
(Features to be tested).
(Features not to be tested).

(Approach).
(Item pass/fail criteria).
(Suspension
criteria and resumption requirements).
9.
(Test deliverables).
10.
(Testing tasks).
11.
(Environmental needs).
12.
(Responsibilities).
13.
(Staffing and training needs).

14.
(Schedule).
15.
(Risks and contingencies).

16.
(Approvals).
.
IEEE Std 730-2002 - Standard For Software Quality Assurance Plans
1.
(
Purpose).
2.
(Reference documents).
3.
(Management).
4.
(Documentation).
5.
(Standards, practices, conventions, and metrics).

6.
(Software reviews).
7.
(Test).
8.
(Problem reporting and corrective action).

9.
(Tools, techniques, and methodologies).

10.
(Media control).
11.
(Supplier control).
12.
(Records collection, maintenance, and

retention).
13.
(Training).
14.
(Risk management).
15.
(Glossary).
16.
(SQAP change procedure and history).

168 169
3.
CMM/CMMI (ISO/IEC 15504)
"
"
SEICMM,SEICMMI
,I
SO/
I
EC,
DOD-STD,
MIL-STD.
(
Cha
ng
e
Control Board);

SEICMM:
(
Capability Maturity Model)
,
Engineering Institute,
.CMM
RUP, XP
MIL-STD-498.
CMM
CMM-
)
,
SEI CMM,
.
-


169 170
SEI CMMI:
,SEI
SEI CMMI (Capability Maturity Model

Integration)
,
CMM), CMMI
ISO/IEC 15
5
04:
CMMI
,I
SO/
I
EC15504
16.
Software Process
Improvement and Capability Determination (SPICE). I
SO/
I
EC 15504
SEI
CMMI
,
.I
SO/
I
EC 15504
,
CMMI
.
(
pr
oc
e
s
sas
s
e
s
s
me
nt
)
(
pr
oc
e
s
sc
apc
bi
l
i
t
y de
t
e
r
mi
nat
i
on)
(
capability dimension)
(
process improvement)
(
software process)
I
SO/
I
EC TR 15504-CMM
SUP (
)
)
.
:
SUP.
1
SUP.
2
SUP.
3
SUP.
4
SUP.
5
SUP.
6
SUP.
7
SUP.
8

170 171
ISO/IEC TR 15504CMM:
SUP.
1
.
SUP.
2
.
SUP.
3
.
SUP.
4
.
SUP.
5
.
SUP.
6
.
SUP.
7
.
SUP.
8
4.
7
-8
65700
0
340
100
)
.
.
.
,
,
,
)
,
..

.
.

171 172
)
.
340100
340100
(
TQM)
TQM.
5. 6 Sigma

TQM
6 Si
g
ma
Mot
or
ol
a
,Ge
ne
r
a
lEl
e
c
t
r
i
c
,Al
l
i
e
dSi
gna
l
(Honeywell)
,Te
xa
sI
ns
t
r
ume
nt
s
,I
BM,
Ford, DuPont, Dow Chemical, Microsoft, American

Express,Ci
t
i
ba
nk,Fe
de
r
a
lExpr
e
s
s
,J
.
P.Mor
g
a
n
.
Black&Decker, Johnson&Johnson, Kodak, Bombardire, Seagate Technologies,
Navistar, Siebe Appliance Controls, Asea Brown Bovery, Polaroid.
Sony
,
Tos
hi
ba
, (
.
,.
)
.
6Si
g
ma
Mot
or
ol
a
1987
.
s
i
g
ma
1Si
g
ma- 690000
.2Si
g
ma- 308000
1.3Si
g
ma- 66800
.4Si
g
ma- 6210. 5 Sigma - 230
1.
,6Si
gma
,- 3,
41.
6 Si
g
ma
,
Mot
or
ol
a
5,
7,
99,
99996%
6-1
6-1.
.
172 173
1
697,670
2
191,690
3
66,810
4
6,210
5
233
6
3.4
10
3.
5
2.
91,
000
,2,
900
850
100,
000
6 Si
gma
Mo
t
or
ol
a
,
6Si
g
ma
.
Ci
t
i
ba
nkMot
or
ol
a
.
Ge
ne
r
a
lEl
e
c
t
r
i
c
6Si
g
ma
Chi2,
Mi
ni
t
a
b.
,"
"
20
.
Sigma

173 174
6 Si
g
ma
,
Ge
ne
r
a
lEl
e
c
t
r
i
c1997
.
$325.
$600.
- $200.
- $700
.
- Zero Defect -
6Si
g
ma
,
.

,
6
Si
g
ma

,
,
6.
:
SELECT,I
NSERT,UPDATE,DELETE.
SELECT
MSSQLSe
r
ve
r2000
SELECT.
)
,

)
.

174 175
.,

175 176
(
1)
,
(
2)
,
(
3)
,
- (
)
3,
(
4)
,
(
5)
.
,
.
(
)-

(
1)-

176 177
,
.
"
"
PK
FK
(
2)-
)
.2
(
3)
-
)
.
.
.
3

- (
)
-

(
4)-
. 4
(
5)-

177 178
. MSSQLSe
r
ve
r2000
.
MSSQLSe
r
ve
r2000

178 179
)
,
:
1.
Primary Key).
.
2.
Unique.
3.
.
Create
Table
.
4.
Create
Index.
1.
2.
3.
4.
,

,
-

.
. .
:
,2001.544
.
.
,
.
,
.
..
:
, 2002.
.
,
- "
"
, 2002.
.
,
.
, .
.
.
:
, 2003.

179 180
5.
.
..
:
, 2003.
6.
..
:
, 2004.
7.
..
:
,
1980.
8.
.
.
.
:-
,2005.
9.
Web-
..
:
,2003.
10.
Web-
Microsoft.NET
.
..
:
,2003.
11. Mi
c
r
os
of
t Cor
por
a
t
i
on

MCSD
/
.2-
.
,
..
:
,2002.
736
.
:.
12.
Mi
c
r
osoft.NET (+ CDROM) -
, 2004.
13.
.
Ar
c
hi
t
e
c
t
ur
e
s
.
70-100)
.
.
:
,2001.
432
.
:.
14.
.
,
, .
,2004.
15.
.
,
.
,
..
:
, 2002.
16.
.
. .
:
,200
2
.
17. .,
.
Rational Unified Process -
RUP
,2004.
18. .
,
.
,
.
,
Ra
t
i
ona
lUni
f
i
e
dPr
oc
e
s
s(
RUP)
-
,2005.
19.
.
,
.- .
:
p.
m.
Of
f
i
c
e
, 2005.
20. .
..
:
,2005.
21.
.
,
.
Rational Unified Process -
RUP
.
..
:
,2004.
22.
Ra
t
i
ona
lUni
f
i
e
d Pr
oc
e
s
s

.
. .
:
,2002.
23.
.
.
UML
.
. .
:
,2002.
24.
.
,.
,2002.
25.
..
,
2004.

180 181
26.
.
.
.
:
,2002.
27. Mi
c
r
os
of
t Cor
por
a
t
i
on
MCSD
/
..
:
,2001.704
.
:.
28. Mi
c
r
os
of
tCor
por
a
t
i
on
Microsoft SQL Server 7.0.

Mi
c
r
os
of
t
..
:
,2000.512
.
:.
29.
.
,
.
,
SQL
/
.
.
.
:
,1997.320
.
:.
30.
.
.
MSSQLSERVER7.
0:
.
:
,2000.
416
.
:.
31. Mi
c
r
os
of
t Cor
por
a
t
i
on

SQL Server 7.0.

Mi
c
r
os
of
t
..
:
,2000.528
.
:.
32.
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
6
57000 "
"
340100"
"
- .:
,2003.- 328
.
33.
.
,
.
6Si
g
ma
.
.
.
:
,2003.
34.
.
, .
"
"
?
,2005.
35. .
..
:
,2004.
36.
.
,
.
,
.
.
:
p.
m.
Of
f
i
c
e
, 2005.
37.
.
,
.
,
.
Ge
ne
r
a
lEl
e
c
t
r
i
c
,Mot
or
ol
a
.
.
:
,
2002.
38.
.
,
.
.
:
-
,
2004.
39. .
.
.
:
,2005.
40. .
+6
..
:
,2005.

181 182

Тестирование ПО (обучение начинающих тестировщиков)

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Тестирование ПО (обучение начинающих тестировщиков)

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

......................................................................................................................................................................

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software Inc. -

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quality Control Engineer,

Quality Assurance Engineer.

(Software Quality Engineer).

, verification and validation, V&V.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

XP, Scrum, Crystal

Quest Software, Inc.

Rational Unified Process (RUP)

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Microsoft Solution Framework (MSF)

Quest Software, Inc.

eXtreme Programming (XP)

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

:ISO 9001, TickIT, SEI SWCMM.

Quest Software, Inc.

DODSTD-2167, DOD-STD-2167A, MIL-STD-1521B MI

(identify test resources)

(prepare workload analysis)

(review and assess test coverage)

(identify test-specific functionality in the Design and Implementation Model)

(evaluate execution of Test)

(evaluate code coverage)

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

IBM, Xerox, HP,

" (white box)

" (black box).

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

, black box testing

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.

,Windows 2003 Service Pack 1.

Quest Software, Inc.

Quest Software, Inc.