Painting Defined as an art consisting if the application of colored pigments to a flat surface.

Three Classifications of Painting 1) Wall or Mural Paintings paintings usually found on walls a. Fresco Art - Implies application of colored pigments on a fresh or wet surface - Fresco painting is carefully and systematically planned and laid out section by section with precision that leave little room for alternation or inspiration. The painter must plan which portion of the painting he can finish in one day - In buon fresco method, the painter mixes his paints with water or with water and lime - In fresco secco or dry fresco the artist work on a relatively dry surface b. Mosaic art - This art originated in Sumeria where it is a custom to cover walls with basked clay cones and shell inlay - Originally, collected small pebbles were set into a thick coat of plaster for decorating floors - Eventually the stones were arranged to form a more complex pictorial design - It was also used to narrate mythological subjects - It does not use brush but colored glass or stones cut into different shapes that give it beauty and brilliant glow c. Stained Glass art - This is a kind of patchwork which consists of combining many small pieces of colored glass which are held together by bands of lead - This art developed during the Gothic age when there was change in church architecture - The colors of stained glass art are deep and dark since the beauty lies in the fact that it produces rich lambent effect when sunlight penetrates the glass 2) Panel makes use of a canvas cloth, wood panel or silky-type of paper, Panel paintings are usually hung on the wall and also called mobiliary art for they can be carried or hung in different places a. Tempera - Wood panel is first seasoned to prevent moisture - A kind of painting in which pigments are tempered or carried by egg yolk - A white gelatinous substance known as gesso, a mixture of plaster or Paris and highly refined glue, is used as a base - The colors are then mixed with the egg yolk which is applied to the pictorial design on the plastercovered panel - It dries rapidly that this does not allow any changes - Botticellis Birth of Venus is one example of this b. Oil - Most widely used medium of painting - The medium of color is oil and the surface is canvas - Color is mixed with a clear, quick-drying, varnish-mixed oil - It can be worked over and over and can be corrected even after a long time - A large number of actual colors or hues can be employed - Oil painting became popular during the Renaissance by painters like Leonardo da Vinci

c. Water Color i. The oldest media known since the classical times ii. The pigment is mixed with a medium that can be dissolved in water, which will then evaporate after the dissolved paint is applied on the paper surface iii. Water is a vehicle to thicken or thin the paint or pigment iv. Oriental painters like the Japanese and Chinese both worked out elaborate aesthetics in this medium d. Drawing i. Known chiefly by the mediums used, pencil, pen, silverpoint and charcoal ii. Chalk is another medium that has been used in the earliest times, it is found in white and black and red iii. Bistre is a brown pigment made by mixing the soot from burning wood with a little binder iv. Drawing with a brush is characteristic of the Chinese and Japanese e. Tapestry i. Technically falls halfway between weaving and embroidery. It comes with the freedom in the size of the composition and in the number of colors used, while tapestry involved execution on a loom ii. Warp is stretched lengthwise and the patterns and structure of materials are formed by means of threads that cross each other iii. In the 15th century churches and princes owned large stocks of tapestries to suit particular occasion 3) Book as an art, the book embraces the design of the container or cover, the typography and the layout of the pages. Todays book art consists of illustrations or prints which are color reproductions or paintings found in the pages of the book in order to accompany the text a. Manuscript illumination - This art consists of putting miniature paintings of people or sacred scenes on the decorative page or border of a sacred book - It became known as a monastic art because the illuminators were chiefly monks b. Prints - These are graphic or drawn design reproduced from a wood, metal, or stone plate and then its impression is left on a paper or some other surfaces from a linked plate - Types of prints: 1. Woodcut a design made from a plate of wood. A wood block prints just like a typewriter does 2. Engraving the lines of the design are cut into a metal plate; these lines are then filled with ink and transferred from the plate to the paper. Lines are much finer than woodcut 3. Etching in this process, the plate is covered with wax like material called ground. The etcher then draws the design but he dies not attempt to cut the plate but merely scratches through the wax. It is placed in acid bath and the design is etched or eaten into the plate 4. Lithography artist draw with a grease crayon directly on a flat, smooth stone. It is then dampened and the ink is applied to the surface. The greasy oily ink clings to the grease crayon marks, but not to the dampened area. When a sheet of paper is pressed against it, the ink on the crayon marks is transferred to the paper.