Seoul National University

Technology Management, Economics and Policy Program

Analysis of the Applicability of Utility Grid Computing in

Telecommunication Sector of Myanmar

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirement of the class of

Telecommunication Regulations

To
Prof. Hwang, Jungseok
Prof. Jorn Altmann

Aung Kyaw Oo
2006-30684
Ph.D. Student

Spring, 2007.
June 14, 2007
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Exhibits……………………………………………………………………………….3
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….4.
1. The Situation of ICT in Myanmar……………………….................................................... 4
1.1 Government Policy…………………………………………………………….………5
1.2 ICT Industry……………………………………………………………………………8
1.3 Grid Computing in Myanmar…………………………………………………………..8
1.4 Internet Usage………………………………………………………………………….9
1.5 Telephone…………………………………………………………………………..…10
(a) Tariff……………………………………………………………………………….11
(b) Value-Added Services in the Largest City, Yangon………………………………13
2. Prevailing Needs of the Country (Requirement Analysis)………………...........................14
3. The Possible Applications of Grid Computing………........................................................ 16
3.1. Objectives of the Utility Grid Project...........................................................…............ 16
3.2. General Description of the Utility Grid Project……………………………............... 17
4. Pilot-level Budget and Cost Planning Analysis………………………............................... 17
4.1. Cost Analysis……………………………………………………………………….... 17
4.2. Pilot Grid Applications………………………………………………………………..19
4.3. Project Management Tools…………………………………………………………....19
4.4. Organizational Plan……………………………………………………………………19
5. The Economic Impacts of Grid Technology………………………….................................20
6. Grid Policies to Myanmar…………………………….........................................................21
7. Execution Plan …………………………………………………………………………….21
References............................................................................................................................... 22

2
 LIST OF EXHIBITS

1. Exhibit-1…………………………………………………….….6
2. Exhibit-2………………………………………………………..7
3. Exhibit-3…………………………………………………….….7
4. Exhibit-4…………………………………………….……….…8
5. Exhibit-5………………………………………………………...9
6. Exhibit-6……………………………………………………..…10
7. Exhibit-7…………………………………………………..……11
8. Exhibit-8………………………………………………………..15
9. Exhibit-9………………………………………………………..15

3
 Analysis of the Applicability of Utility Grid Computing in
Telecommunication Sector of Myanmar
Aung Kyaw Oo
akoo@snu.ac.kr

Abstract
With the evolution and innovative invention of the Internet around 1995, Grid Computing
began its initiation in October, 1996 as a DARPA research project [23]. From that time onwards,
Grid computing has been gaining momentum in ICT industries around the globe.
This paper is organized with (6) sub-sections. The situation of IT industry in Myanmar is
to be read in the first section. In section (2), prevailing needs of the country is depicted. Third
section is written about the possible applications of Grid Computing in Myanmar. In section (4),
pilot-level budget and cost planning analysis is explained. The economic impacts of grid
technology are described in section (5). In section (6), Grid policies to Myanmar are introduced
and then the paper is concluded.
Keywords: grid, telecommunication, time-efficient, cost-effective, Myanmar
I. The Situation of ICT in Myanmar
Beginning from 1986, the IT industry in Myanmar started a new chapter following the
official establishment of Institute of Computer Science and Technology [21]. At that time,
however, the industry itself did not exist distinctively although some of the IT engineers and
scientists ran the embryo industries with a small number of employees. By 1990, a handful of
industries appeared officially in the market.
It was only after the enactment of Computer Science Development Law (CSDL) in 1996
that many more than (50) small and medium enterprises (SMEs) came into existence in the IT
industry sector. Every one of them has been and is still in IT service industry. Those services
include peripheral sales, IT solutions, repairing and maintenance; IT training; software authoring
and the like.
As of today, around (80) leading IT companies are running their business in the whole
country [15]. Some IT companies have external relations with their counterparts in India,
Cambodia, Singapore, Japan, Thailand, and Malaysia and so on [18] [19]. Some of the name of
those international IT partner companies are as follows [20] [22];-
(1) Oracle (Thailand)
(2) Computer Form Sdn Bhd (Malaysia)

4
 (3) Micros-Fidelio System Pte. Ltd. (Singapore)
(4) ESRI (Thailand)
(5) Computer Protocol (Malaysia)
(6) Temasak Polytechnic (Singapore)
(7) National Computing Centre (NCC), Education ( UK)
(8) DigiSafe (Singapore)
(9) CMC (India)
(10) Infosys (India)
(11) System Brains Co.(Japan)
(12) CISCO Systems (US)
(13) Apthech Limited (India)
(14) Magic Software (Thailand)
(15) TATA Infotech (India)
(16) LCCI (UK)
(17) London Metropolitan University (UK)
(18) Portsmouth University (UK)
(19) Nottingham University (UK)
(20) Middlesex University (UK)
(21) James Cook University (Australia) (Singapore Campus)
(22) Assumption University ( Thailand)
(23) MYOB (Malaysia)
In addition, international non-profit organizations like KOICA, JICA, Japan Foundation,
Korea Foundation, DAAD (Germany) are helping as much as they can for the proper
development of IT industry in Myanmar.
But, still there is no IT industry related law except CSDL. Myanmar Cyber Law is under
draft. It is expected that regulations, rules and bye-laws will be in compliance with the standards
of IT industry practiced in every corner of the world. Obviously, there are no international MNCs
in the country except Samsung, LG, Daewoo from Republic of Korea for there is no transparent
laws, for the time being, concerned with the industry.
1.1 Government Policy
From policy perspective, the prevailing government has been carrying out for the
successful formulation and implementation of national IT policy with might and main since 1988.
The attempts are more transparent and momentous after the country entered into ASEAN in 1997.

5
At present, some of the (32) ministries in government portfolio has established online system
among them although Government Online System (GOS) is still under construction. Postal and
telecommunication services for the general public must be under the charge of the government.
Myanma Posts and Telecommunications (MPT) is the sole agent, under existing laws and
regulations, allowed to provide postal, telegraph and telephone service. Private operators or
economic organizations may be granted concessions for cases approved by the government [37].
Myanmar government has been implementing the following e-government projects (see
Exhibit-1) soon after the Computer Science Development Law had been promulgated in 1996. In
addition, the government has stressed the responsible institutions (see Exhibit-2) of their vital
roles for the all-round developments of ICT sector in the country. The highest authority for ICT
development in Myanmar, the Computer Science Development Council, assigned the respective
duties and responsibilities of those institutions for policy-making, regulation and implementation
in marching towards the proper development of ICT sector of the country (see Exhibit-3).

Exhibit-1: E-government Projects in Myanmar [38]

6
Exhibit-2: Institutions Responsible for ICT Development in Myanmar [38]

Exhibit-3: Myanmar’s Internet Governance Activities [38]

7
 1.2 ICT Industry
Currently, ICT industry sector is mainly based on software development and service
implementation. In two ICT parks (one in January, 2002 and another in August, 2003), ICT
companies are doing their business with domestic and international partners [34]. Another largest
ICT City (kind of Silicon Valley) called Yadanabon Myothit Silicon valley is being constructed
over the land area of 10,000 acres (4,046 hectres) near Pyin-Oo-Lwin (in Mandalay Division)
intending to support the development of the national economy through the mass-production of
microchips, software and other hardware components. The Government is spending lots of money
and resources to upgrade and enhance the ICT infrastructure of the country in order to catch up
with the fast-developing regional and global economies [33]. Laws governing cyber space, such
as the Electronic Transaction Law (ETL) of 2004, which was intended to support e-government
and e-commerce activities, and the Telecommunication Law and Intellectual Property Right Law,
had also been drafted to support ICT development (but not yet promulgated except ETL).

Exhibit-4: ICT Industry in Myanmar [37]

1.3 Grid Computing In Myanmar
Basically, grid computing is not that popular among the academicians, scientists,
technologists among others in Myanmar partly may be the prevailing situations of ICT in the
country. But, almost all of the universities and colleges (more than 53 in total) under the Ministry
of Science and Technology (MOST) have that kind of Grid Computing Special Interest groups
regionally. Especially the two leading universities, namely University of Computer Studies,
Yangon (UCSY) and University of Computer Studies, Mandalay (UCSM), are doing Grid

8
projects from academic perspective. Simultaneously, some of the leading ICT companies are
doing their Grid projects from industry perspective. But, none of those projects has grants or
allowances from the Government. The tri-partite relationship among the three key players, the
Government, the Academia and the ICT Industry upon Grid Computing is shown in the Exhibit-1
below. The main reason behind this is that academic institutions and human resource
development (HRD) in ICT are under the direct supervision of the MOST and that of the ICT
industry is under the responsibility of MPT.

Governme Academia
nt &
Ministries
Collabor
ation

ICT Industry

Exhibit-5: Relationship of Grid Computing Research in Myanmar [31]

It is known that genetic engineering, neural computing and biotechnological research are
being carried out in various research laboratories, universities and colleges in Myanmar. If those
researches are successful and become commercialized status, the proposed Utility Grid project
will certainly be beneficial not only for those research persons and institutions but also for the
respective industries and the public as a whole.
1.4 Internet Usage
Myanmar was connected to the World Wide Web in 2000. However, the government
restricts Internet access through software-based censorship that limits the material
citizens can access on-line. At that time, Bagan Cyber Tech (now Myanmar Teleport) and
the Ministry of Post and Telecommunication (MPT) are only two Internet Service Providers

9
(ISPs) in Myanmar [36]. Internet cafés are common in the country. Most of the internet cafés
use a number of different pieces of software to bypass government's proxy servers. Beginning
from the late 2005, MPT became the only ISP in the country. Public Access Centres (PACs) have
been opened throughout the country since early 2006. People can get Internet access in those
centres with reasonable costs. In PACs, access cost is around US $ 0.5 per hour.

Exhibit-6: Myanmar Teleport System Configuration [37]

The number of Internet users and PACs are as follows;-
• Internet users (subscribers)—90,745 (2006) [37]
• Public Access Centres (PACs) —153 Nos. [February, 2007] [35]
1.5 Telephone
The national backbone is the fibre link between the major cities in the country. Three
cross-border fibre links are with China, India and Thailand. International links are with Sea-me-
we (3) cable link (underwater link between Mumbai of India and Singapore) and with satellites
(ThaiCom 1-A, Intelsat and iPSTAR) . Four special networks are made as follows [37];-
(1) Ministry of Science and Technology Network
(2) Educational Intranet
(3) Medical Education Network, and
(4) Industrial Network
Telephone penetration in the whole country for fixed-line and mobile are as follows;-

10
 • Number of main telephone lines-- 424,900 (as of 2004) [28]
• Mobile (cellular) phones—188,203 (as of 2006) [37]

The telephone and exchange density shown below are in the largest city Yangon
of Myanmar as of March, 2005.
Telephone Density of Yangon [26] ( The Largest City)= 5.6 per 100 inhabitants

Sr. No. Type of Exchanges No. of Exchanges Direct Exchange Line

1. Analog 2 11,600
2. Digital 24 152,246

Total 26 163,846

Exhibit-7: Present ICT Status of MPT [37]

(a)Tariff

Various tariff and rates charged in the different services in telecommunication

sector of Myanmar (as of 2005) are shown in the following tables.

11
 LOCAL CALL FEES
Sr. Particulars Rates in Kyat Rates in US$
1. Annual Charges 540.00 Ks Equivalent US$

2. Local Call Fees

a. Automatic Services (per minute rate) 15.00 Ks 0.15 US$
b. Manual Service (per minute rate) No Charge

3. Trunk Call Fees (per minute rate) 25.00 Ks 0.15 US$

SHIFTING CHARGES
Sr. Particulars Rates in Kyat Rates in US$
1. Drop wire within 200 meters 5,000.00 Ks

2. For every 10 meters exceeding 200 meters 350.00 Ks

3. All in FE telephone 60.00 US$

CASUAL TELEPHONE CONNECTION FEES

Sr. Particulars Rates in Kyat Rates in US$
1. 5,000.00
Drop wire within 200 meters Ks
2.
For every 10 meters exceeding 200 meters 350.00
3. Ks
Local call only (per day
rate) 750.00
Ks

VALUE ADDED SERVICE FEES

Sr. Particulars Rates in Kyat Rates in US$
1. Annual Charges
a. Calling Line Identification Service 6,000.00 Ks
b. Call Waiting Service 6,000.00 Ks
c. Call Forwarding Service 120 US$
d. Three Ways Call Service 120 US$
e. Password Service 6,000.00 Ks

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 (b) Value-added services (VAS) by MPT in Yangon in Myanmar [26]
The following VASs can be available only in the largest city in Myanmar, Yangon and
the availability of those VASs are shown in details as follows.
• Calling Line Identification (CLI)
• Call Waiting Service
• Call Forwarding Service
• Three-way call service
• Password Service
Call For- Call 3 Ways
Sr. Exchange CLIPassword
warding Waiting Calling
1. Yangon East IIX / / X /
2. Yangon West IIX / / X X
3. Yangon West I X / / X X
4. Maung Htaw Lay/ / / / /
III / / / / /
5. X X X X X
6. Maung Htaw Lay II X / / X X
7. Yangon East I / / / / /
Maung Htaw Lay / / / / /
8. IV / / / / /
/ / / / /
9. Hanthawaddy IV / X / / /
10. X X X X X
11. Hanthawaddy III / X / / /
12. Hanthawaddy II / / / / /
13. Bahan I / / X / /
Bahan II / / X / /
Thingangyun IV / / X / /
14. X X X X X
X X X X X
15. Thingangyun I / / X / /
16. / / X / /
Thingangyun II / / X / /
17. North Dagon / / X / /
/ / X / /
Mingaladon / / X / /
18. / / X / X
19. / / X / /
20. Insein X / / X X
21. Mayangone II X X / / X
22. Mayangone I X / X / X
Bayintnaung
North Okkalapa

13
 Note: (/ ) signifies that VAS is available.
(X) signifies that VAS is not available.
2. Prevailing Needs of the Country (Requirement Analysis)
After analyzing the prevailing situations, it is found out that the following fields are
needed to pay more focus than the others in order of the relevancy of the current circumstances
and importance in marching towards the socio-economic development of the country within a
limited frame of time. Those urgent fields are;-
(1) Immigration Control and National Census
(2) Forestry (Plantation , coverage and land usage)
(3) Central Statistical Organization (CSO) (To Collect, update and forecast nation-wide data)
(4) Ministry of Energy (More than nineteen foreign companies are doing E & P in Myanmar)
(5) Defense Research (Weather forecast, Distributed computing, etc…)
(6) Government Online System ( For all ministries in the Government)
(7) Ministry of Communications, Posts and Telegraph (MPT) (State-owned Telecom &
Internet Service Provider)
Beginning from May, 2005, the government made developmental public technology
procurement with US $ 12 million from one of the IT companies through direct contract with
Daewoo International Corporation of the Republic of Korea. Since then, almost all the
government ministerial-level offices could have accessed to the Internet and the governmental
procedures can be done online from that time onwards. But, the aforesaid fields are of great
concerns for some of the ministries and those fields are being implemented partly by themselves
and partly by the contribution of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). It is certain that those
implementations will be the potential customers for the Utility Grid of the MPT once it is
completed.

14
 Exhibit-8: Costs for DSL set-up in Myanmar [37]

Exhibit-9: Costs for Wireless Broadband set-up in Myanmar [37]

15
 Note: In the costs shown in the above charts, one FEC (officially known in Myanmar as
Foreign Exchange Currency) is approximately equal to US $1.
3. The Possible Applications of Grid Computing
Among the aforesaid areas of importance, some of the grid applications can be done for;-
(a) Electric Power supply
(b) Reliable and cost-effective health care systems with improved outcomes [14]
(c) Oil & Gas Exploration & Production [12]
(d) Data center (Currently under implementation in two cities in Myanmar)
(e) Internet Grid
(f) Grid Computing for Enterprise Telecommunication Applications [23]
(g) Grid Computing for a Telecom Service Provider [23]
(h) Defense research in Distributed Computing.
Those are potential grid applications to be done in Myanmar under current
situations. They have their feasibilities for the socio-economic development of the
country. Currently, each of those (8) potential grid applications has been given priority in
accordance with the government’s policy.
Among those ones, “Grid Application project for a Telecom Service Provider”
for the MPT of Myanmar is to be chosen as the first priority because telecommunications
infrastructure in a country is the most important perquisite to be a knowledge-based
society in today’s ever-changing world.
3.1 Objectives of the Utility Grid Project
There are sound reasons and rationale behind the selection of the Utility Grid Project in
the Telecom sector. Firstly, in Myanmar, only MPT owns the networks and computing resources.
In addition, it has already established good and strong customer relationship. More than that, it
has accounting and billing experience. Furthermore, MPT can simultaneously be a resource
broker, provider and user of the proposed Grid project once it is completed. Secondly, for
homeland security and classified intelligence purposes, types of safeguards like end-to-end triple
DES encryption, obfuscation of files, digital signing of executables and checksums could be best
offered by the Grid technology.
Objectives of the proposed Utility Grid project are as follows;-
(a) To give Grid Services to customers
(b) To keep provide network bandwidth

16
 (c) To dynamically open and close high-speed data pipes according to data
access and movement requirements [11]
3.2 General Description of the Utility Grid Project
As it was expressed above, the Grid project will be done in the area of
Telecommunication industry. In Myanmar, the telecom industry is a state-monopolized
sector and so the project expenditure can be covered by the Government budget. There
are more than (80) ICT-related companies in Myanmar. Many of them are doing their
businesses in developing software for domestic and foreign clients and it is quite certain
that such kind of utility grid project can be a great resource for them once it is completed.
Five or more state-run public research institutes in the different ministries plus research
laboratories in more than (69) universities and colleges under various ministries and (53)
universities of Computer studies and technological universities can become the main
clients of the proposed utility Grid in carrying out their basic and applied research in
various fields of academic studies [27].
Once the Utility Grid Project is completed, the potential users and clients are
certainly those ICT industry companies, Academic institutions and public research
laboratories among others. For the first-line users, i.e. ICT companies, they can
enhance their jobs and services like online training, e-banking, e-commerce, research,
product development and so on. For the second-line users, i.e. government organizations
and ministries (including research laboratories), they can automatically upgrade their
resource requirements (e.g. bandwidth, storage capacity, CPU usage) in cases of
emergencies. For the academic institutions (Universities and Colleges), the Grid project
may support massive computational resource, High Performance Computing (HPC),
improved processing capacity and application throughput (without investment in new
hardware), to solve large-scale scientific and engineering problems. For the common
public, at least, they will have value-added services with their own options of the
resource requirements. Undoubtedly, almost everything under the scope of Grid project
will be more time-efficient, cost-effective, productive and innovative than ever before.
4. Pilot-level Budget and Cost planning analysis
4.1 Cost Analysis

17
 In this section, budget and cost analysis upon the pilot-level implementation of the
utility Grid project for MPT in Myanmar. As it was explained before in the previous sections,
MPT doesn’t need to invest in the generic hardware and components for the successful
implementation of the proposed Grid project since it has already possessed the backbone and
network of Myanmar ICT sector. But, lots of money will have to be spent on investing and
buying specific hardware like Sun server. The Globus Toolkit 4.0 is to be applied for the
implementation of the Utility Grid application. Initially, the project will be done as a pilot one
before marching towards a national achiever Project. It is assumed in here that the time-span for
the initial Grid Project is One year. The Grid Project team will be composed with (15) persons.
Their responsibilities are to be as follows;-
(1) Project Director (1) Person
(2) Financial Controller (1) Person
(3) Software Development team (5) Persons
(4) Software Testing team (3) Persons
(5) Hardware Engineer (2) Persons
(6) System Analyst (3) Persons

(a) The expected hardware cost may be;-

(1) Sun Server-- Sun Blade 8000 Modular System US $ 4994
(2) Sun Storage Tek 9990 System US $ 2500
Totaled (Hardware) US $ 7494
(b) The expected personnel cost may be;-
(1) Director (US $ 240/month * 12-months) US $ 2,880
(2) Controller (US $ 180/month * 12-months) US $ 2,160
(3) Employees (13- persons)(US $ 120/month * 13 * 12-months) US $ 18,720
Totaled (Personnel) US $ 23,760
(c) Building, Utility and Accessories Costs may be;-
(1) Building Rent (US $ 120/month * 12-months) US $ 1,440
Grand Totaled US $ 32,694
So, the Initial Grid Project Costs (US $ 32,694) will just cover those for the proposed
Utility Grid Project. Any other unexpected costs and will be under the prevailing budget of
MPT, the sole Network Provider in Myanmar. (Note: Every cost in US Dollars has been
converted and calculated from local currency through the United Nations exchange rate, i.e. US $
1= Myanmar 820 Kyats (Ks) , as of 31st December, 2003 in Myanmar [29].)

18
 4.2 Pilot Grid Applications
Based on the abovementioned requirements and objectives, the following
applications are to be initially implemented as pilot ones in the Utility Grid Project in
Myanmar.
(a) Circuit Simulator (For Electronics Design Automation),
(b) Language and Environment for Statistical Computing and Graphics, and
(c) For solving large-scale Linear Programming problems

4.3 Project Management Tools

As understood formally in any kind of projects, milestones should be
submitted to the project management organization in the first year of the project as
follows;-

Year / Milestones & Item Leader Remark

Month Deliverables
1/1 Milestone Requirement Analyst(s) One-month
Definition &
Specifications
1/3 Deliverable Logical & Senior Two-month
Physical Programmer(s)
Design of the
target
application(s)
1/6 Deliverable Coding/Unit Junior Three-month
testing/System Programmers
testing
1/9 Milestone Verification & Analysts/Technical Three-month
Validation Test Committee
on the
application(s)
1/12 Deliverable Application(s) Management Three-month
Review with Committee
Feedback

4.4 Organizational Plan

Organizational structure of the Grid project will be formed in (3) groups with
different responsibilities as follows.
4.4.1 Management Committee
The committee will be in charge of the Grid Project. It should be
composed of high-level administrative personnel from the Ministry of Communications,
Posts and Telegraphs (MPT), academia and leading IT companies headed by the

19
honorable Minister of MPT. Meeting should be held once a month. The committee will
address issues related to resource allocation, activity achievements with respect to
execution plan, non technical relationship to other project activities.
4.4.2 Technical Committee
The Technical Committee should be composed with resource persons,
researchers and academics from different ministries, academic institutions and IT
companies. The Technical committee has to accomplish the following technical tasks
inside the project:-
(a) In relationship with project middleware activity, the committee is to
transmit application requirements, to follow the middleware development process, to
validate middleware testing and to coordinate the characterization of a high level
application interface to the grid.
(b) In relationship with project quality activity, the committee is to define
evaluation criteria for infrastructure performances and application usage, to monitor and
analyze performances during the project lifetime.
(c) In relationship with project operations, the committee is to define the
agenda for applications deployment, to define virtual organizations and their hierarchy, to
define the policy for adding nodes to the infrastructure and criteria for node selection.
It will meet once a month during the first project year.
4.4.3 Advisory Committee
The committee members are to be from various diverse backgrounds in IT
industry and academia (but not from government ministries). They should focus on different
project outcomes like deliverables and milestones. And, they should and need to give feedback
based on those outcomes from the project.
5. The Economic Impacts of Grid Technology
This section will spotlight on the economic impacts in Myanmar in the aftermath of the
successful implementation of the proposed grid project. Although Myanmar is an agro-based
economy, its established education networks and natural resource endowment have been paving
the way to become an IT hub in the south-east Asia region by having located between the two
fast-developing economies in the world, China and India. It can be reliably counted on that the
proposed utility Grid project for the Telecommunication sector of Myanmar might well be a good

20
and valuable start not only for the benefits of the industries, academia and research institutes of
Myanmar but for the regional prosperity and global well-being as well.
It will be quite certain that, with the current IT infrastructure in Myanmar, the IT industry
will be thriving better than ever plus the country’s long-term IT policy and short-term operation
plan will be covered to some extent after the installation and implementation of that “Grid
Application for the MPT”. With that achievement, the economy of the country will
simultaneously be developed for many domestic and foreign IT industries and the other
companies will come to do their businesses more efficiently and seamlessly than before.
6. Grid Policies to Myanmar
For Myanmar, technical challenges of current practices include very little industry
experience in the systems integration of advanced technologies into the grid, certainly not suites
of advanced technologies working together virtually no experience with wide deployment issues
for new technologies, no industry experience with high technology transformations [32].
In order for the citizens of Myanmar to be able to catch up with the ICT developments
especially in Grid Technology in the regional and global economies, the government should
introduce and promote the incentive schemes, subsidized activities, research grants and
allowances, international cooperation and coordination and so on. Especially for the ICT industry,
the government, i.e. MPT itself, should consider various billing schemes for the industry in order
for them to be able to utilize the computing resources with reasonable costs in the long run.
7. Execution Plan
In order to make the proposed utility grid project happen, the following execution
plan will need to be implemented;-
1. Write a proposal.
2. Talk to academia
3. Talk to IT companies
4. Discuss informally with some personnel from the Ministry of Communications, Posts and
Telegraphs (MPT)
5. Submit proposal directly to the Minister of MPT and simultaneously send copies of the
proposal to Computer Science Development Council, which is the most influential and
powerful government organization in Myanmar, and to Special Projects Implementation
Committee
6. Get appointment for proposal presentation to responsible officials and authorities
7. Get permission and fund for the Grid project

21
References
(1) http://lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/activities/deployment.html
(2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_computing
(3) http://goc.grid.sinica.edu.tw/gstat/
(4) http://goc.grid.sinica.edu.tw/gstat/KR-KISTI-GCRT-01/
(5) http://goc.grid.sinica.edu.tw/gstat/LCG_KNU/
(6) http://www.gridlab.org/
(7) http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/grid/library/gr-design.html
(8) http://www.grid.org/home.htm
(9) http://www.ud.com/services/grid-discovery.php
(10) http://www.hpcwire.com/hpc/959174.html
(11) http://www.ud.com/company/resources/files/br_landmark.pdf
(12) http://www.ud.com/company/resources/files/energy_adoption.pdf
(13) http://www.ud.com/company/resources/files/cs_oxford.pdf
(14) http://www.ud.com/company/resources/files/ab_frauddetection_healthcare.pdf
(15) http://www.mictpark.com/
(16) http://www.mpt.net.mm/
(17) http://www.mcf.org.mm/index.htm
(18) http://www.mwd.com.mm/
(19) http://www.acedatasystems.com/international.htm
(20) http://www.mcc.com.mm/mcc_html/mcc_partners.html
(21) http://www.ucsy.edu.net.mm
(22) http://www.kmd.com.sg/about.htm
(23) Ahmar Abbas; Grid Computing: A Practical Guide to Technology and Applications;
Charles River Media © 2004.
(24) http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/grid/library/gr-gt4/index.html ( Ian
Foster upon Globus Toolkit 4.0 Official Release)
(25) http://www.nature.com/nature/webmatters/grid/grid.html
(26) http://www.mpt.net.mm/autoph/index.html
(27) http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-universities-in-myanmar
(28) http://www.intute.ac.uk/sciences/worldguide/html/842_transport.html
(29) UNESCAP Country Report on Myanmar:
http://www.unescap.org/tid/publication/t&ipub2336_part2iv.pdf
(30) http://www.sun.com/service/sungrid/SUN_Grid_Datasheet_20058.pdf (Sun’s

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 Pay-per-Use)
(31) Rajkumar Buyya; Recent Advances in Grid Computing and a Business Model: A Gridbus
Perspective; Grid Business Symposium 2005, Seoul, Korea.
(32) Steven W. Pullins; Modern Grid Initiative (MGI); FY 06 Annual Program and Per
Review Meeting; US Department of Energy (DoE); www.themoderngrid.org
(33) http://www.myanmars.net/news/index.php?entry=entry060327-231853
(34) http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes16-315/b001.htm
(35) Personal Interview at the MPT in Myanmar.
(36) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_in_Myanmar
(37) Tint Lwin; Chief Engineer-- MPT: Country Report on Wireless Broadband Deployment
in Myanmar; 13th Sub-regional Telecommunications Meeting for Laos, Cambodia,
Vietnam and Myanmar; October 4-6, 2006.
(38) Than Tun Aung; MPT: Country Report on Internet Governance in Myanmar; 13th Sub-
regional Telecommunications Meeting for Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Myanmar;
October 4-6, 2006.

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