Experiment6 SpreadSpectrumDSSS

SubmittedBy: AbhinavSherwal(2009EE10371) PradeepChodhary(2010EE10470) VisheshJain(2010EE10493)

DIRECT SEQUENCE SPREAD SPECTRUM

Aim:
Introduction to Direct sequence spread spectrum.

Introduction:
In some situations it is required that a communication signal be difficult to detect, and difficult to demodulate even when detected. Here the word detect is used in the sense of to discover the presence of. The signal is required to have a low probability of intercept LPI. In other situations a signal is required that is difficult to interfere with, or jam. The spread spectrum signal has properties which help to achieve these ends. Spread spectrum signals may be divided into two main groups - direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), and frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS). This experiment is concerned with demonstrating some of the principles of the first.

ADSSSgenerator:
To generate a spread spectrum signal one requires: 1. A modulated signal somewhere in the RF spectrum 2. A PN sequence to spread it

There are two bandwidths involved here: that of the modulated signal, and the spreading sequence. The first will be very much less than the second. The output spread spectrum signal will be spread either side of the original RF carrier (0) by an amount equal to the bandwidth of the PN sequence.

BlockDiagramoftheDSSSsystem

Modulation
Circuit Diagram

Observations

First we do Binary Phase Shift Keying, by multiplying a binary message sequence to the sinusoidal carrier. And we get the BPSK output.

Next we multiply the BPSK signal with the PN-sequence, to generate the DSSS signal. Spectrum Analysis

Modulated Signal: 3 dB bandwidth = 4.127KHz. Carrier Frequency = 100KHz.

For, PN Sequence Bitrate = 8.333KHz, DSSS Signal: 3 dB bandwidth = 8.889KHz (Center at 100KHz)

For, PN Sequence Bitrate = 100KHz. DSSS Signal: 3 dB bandwidth = 115.556KHz. (Center at 100KHz)

We observed that, on multiplying the BPSK signal with the PN Sequence, its bandwidth increased, in accordance to the bitrate of the PN Sequence, and the carrier frequency. More is the sequence bitrate, the more will the BPSK spectrum, spread around its center frequency, covering a wider spectrum.

ADSSSdemodulator:

The input multiplier performs the de-spreading of the received signal, and the second multiplier translates the modulated signal down to baseband. The PN sequence at the receiver acts as a key to the transmission. It must not only have the same clock and bit pattern; it must be aligned properly with the sequence at the transmitter.

Demodulation
Circuit Diagram

Observations

The DSSS Signal (Top) is multiplied with the stolen PN sequence, to give the signal in the middle, which is then multiplied with the carrier (100KHz), to give the sequence at the bottom.

The multiplier output (middle) is then passed through a low pass filter, and then passed through a comparator, to produce the output at the bottom. As we can see the final output matches the initial input. This can be made an exact match by the use of a decision maker.

Snapshots of PICO Spectrum Analyzer:

1. The spread ofspread spectrum isequal tothe bandwidthofthe PN sequenceoneither sideofthecarrier frequency. 2. The receiverPNsequencehastobesynchronized aswellasalignedwith thePNsequenceofthetransmitter. 3. Thedemodulatedoutputsignalisnotaffectedbyvaryingthephaseof the carrier frequency.