Connections Of Overcurrent Relay (part 2)

http://electrical- engineering- portal.com/connections- of- overcurrent- relay- part- 2 Februray 3, 2013

Co nnectio ns Of Overcurrent Relay (part 2)

Continued from first part: Types and Applications Of Overcurrent Relay (part 1)

Connections of Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relays

1. 3 Nos O/C relay for overcurrent and earth fault protection
Its used for: 3-phase f ault s t he overcurrent relays in all t he 3-phases act . Phase t o phase f ault s t he relays in only t he af f ect ed phases operat e. Single line t o ground f ault s only t he relay in t he f ault y phase get s t he f ault current and operat es. Even t hen wit h 3 overcurrent relays, the sensitivity desired and obt ainable wit h eart h leakage overcurrent relays cannot be obt ained in as much as t he high current setting will have t o be necessarily adopt ed f or t he overcurrent relay t o avoid operation under maximum load condition.

Over current relays generally have 50% to 200% current setting while eart h leakages over current relays have eit her 10% to 40% or 20% to 80% current settings. One important thing to be noted here is t hat t he connect ion of t he st ar point s of bot h t he C.T . secondarys and relay windings by a neut ral conduct or should be made. A scheme wit hout t he neut ral conduct or will be unable t o ensure reliable relay operat ion in t he event of single phase t o eart h f ault s because t he secondary current in t his case (wit hout st arpoint int erconnect ion) complet es it s circuit t hrough relay and C.T . windings which present large impedance. T his may lead t o failure of protection and sharp decrease in reduct ion of secondary current s by CT s. It is not suf f icient if t he neut ral of t he CT s and neut ral of t he relays are separat ely eart hed. A conduct or should be run as st at ed earlier.

3 No s O/C Relay fo r Over Current and Earth Fault Pro tectio n

2. 3 No O/C Relay+ 1 No E/F Relay for Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection
T he scheme of connect ion f or 3 Nos Over current Relay 1 No Eart h Fault Relay is shown in f igure below.

Under normal operat ing condit ions t he t hree phase f ault condit ions and current in t he 3-phase are equal and symmet rically displaced by 12 Deg. Hence the sum of these three currents is zero. No current flow through the earth fault relay. In case of phase t o phase f ault s (say a short between R and Y phases) t he current f lows f rom R-phase up t o t he point of f ault and ret urn back t hrough Y phase. T hus only O/L relays in R and Y phases get t he f ault and operat e. Only earth faults cause currents to flow through E/L relay. A not e of caut ion is necessary here. Only eit her C.T secondary st ar point of relay winding st ar point should be eart hed. Earthing of both will short circuit the E/L relay and make it inoperative for faults.

3 No O/C Relay+ 1 No E/F Relay fo r Overcurrent and Earth Fault Pro tectio n

3. 2 No O/C Relay + 1 No E/F Relay for Over Current and Earth Fault Protection
T he t wo over current relays in R and B phases will respond t o phase f ault s. At least one relay will operat e f or f ault involving t wo phase.

For fault involving ground reliance is placed on earth fault relay. T his is an economical version of 3-O/L and 1-E/L type of protection as one overcurrent relay is saved. Wit h t he prot ect ion scheme as shown in Figure complet e prot ect ion against phase and ground f ault is af f orded.

Current Transf ormer Secondary Connections

For prot ect ion of various equipment of Extra High Voltage class, t he star point on secondarys of CT should be made as f ollows f or ensuring correct direct ional sensit ivit y of t he prot ect ion scheme.
2 No O/C Relay + 1 No E/F Relay fo r Over Current and Earth Fault Pro tectio n

Transmission Line , Bus Bar and Transformer:

For Transmission Lines Line side For Transformers T ransf ormer side For Bus bar Bus side

Generator Protection:
Generator Protection Generat or Side

T he above met hod has t o be f ollowed irrespect ive of polarit y of CT s on primary side. For example, in line prot ect ion, if P1 is t owards bus t hen S2s are t o be short ed and if P2 is t owards bus t hen S1s are t o be short ed.

Standard Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection

No Name of the Equipment Protection
Transmissio n Line , Bus Bar & Transfo rmer scheme

11 KV Feeders

A) 2 No Over Current and one no Eart h Fault IDMT relays B) 2 No Inst ant aneous Overcurrent (highest ) and one no Inst ant aneous Eart h f ault relay

8 MVA Capacit y OR T wo T ransf ormer in a Subst at ion (Irrespect ive of capacit y)

HV side: 33 KV Breaker (Individual or Group Cont rol wit h 3 Over Current and One Eart h Fault IDMT relays LV Side: Individual 11 KV Breakers wit h 3 Over Current and One Eart h Fault IDMT relays Dif f erent ial relays OR REF relays on LV side HV Side: HG f use LV Side: 11 KV Breaker wit h 3 Over Current and one E/F IDMT relay

Generato r pro tectio n scheme

3 4

8 MVA Power T ransf ormer Only one PT R in a Sub St at ion (Less t han 8 MVA)