UNCASED DESIGN - Highway Crossing Pipeline (Ref : API RP 1102 - Steel Pipeline Crossing Railroads and Highways) Step

- a - Intial Design Information Pipe and Operational Characterists : Outside Dia Operating pressure Steel Grade Specified Min yield Strength Design factor Longitudinal joint factor Installation Tempreture Max. or Min. operating Temp. Temp. derating factor Wall Thickness Installation & site Characterists : Depth Bored Dia. Soil type Modulus of soil reaction Resilient Modulus Unit Weight Type of longitudinal weld Design wheel load - Signle Axle Design wheel load - tandem Axle Pavement Type Other pipe steel properties : Young's modulus Poisson's ratio Coefficient of thermal expansion Step - b - Check Allowable Barlow Stress Equation 8b with : p D tw F E T SMYS SHi (Barlow) 300 24 0.375 0.72 1 0 52000 FxExSMYS psig in in Shi (Barlow)= pxD/(2tw) For Natural Gas: FxExTxSMYS = For liquid & other products: FxExSMYS = 9600 psi Es vs at 30000 0.3 6.50E-06 ksi per deg F H Bd E' Er uw Ps Pt 3.28 28 Loose Sand 0.5 10 120 ERW 12 10 Flexible ft in ksi ksi lb/ft3 kips kips D p SMYS F E T1 T2 T tw 24 300 X52 52000 0.72 1 N/A N/A N/A 0.375 inch psig psi

in

0 37440 psi

psi

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OK

Step - c - Circumferential Stress Due to Earth Load c.1 Figure 3 with : tw / D E' 0.0156 0.5 ksi KHe 3250

c.2 Figure 4 with :

H / Bd Soil Type

1.4057143 Loose Sand

Be

0.4

c.3 Figure 5 with : c.4 Equation 1 with :

Bd / D D uw

1.167 24 in 120 lb/ft3 0.0694444 lb/in3

Ee

1.08

SHe = Khe x Be x Ee x uw x D 2340 psi

Step - d - Impact Factor, Fi, and and Applied Design Surface Pressure, w d.1 Figure 7 for highway with : d.2 Applied Design Surface Pressure, w Section 4.7.2.2.1 : H 3.28 Fi 1.5

Flexible

Pt w

12 kips 83.3 psi

Step - e - Cyclic Stresses, DSHh & DSLh e.1 Cyclic circumferential stress DSHh e.1.1 Figure 14 with :

tw / D Er D H

0.015625 10 ksi 24 in 3.28 ft

KHh

13

e.1.2 Figure 15 with :

GHh

1.15

e.1.3 Table 2 with : Flexible Pavement Tandem Axles e.1.4 Equation 5 with :

H D

3.28 ft 24 in

R L DSHh = KHh x GHh x R x L x Fi x w 1868.0025 psi

1 1

e.2 Cyclic Longitudinal stress DSLh e.2.1 Figure 16 with :

tw / D Er D H

0.015625 10 ksi 24 in 3.28 ft

KLh

10

e.2.2 Figure 17 with :

GLh

e.2.3 Table 2 with : Flexible Pavement Tandem Axles e.2.4 Equation 6 with :

H D

3.28 ft 24 in

R L DSLh = KLh x GLh x R x L x Fi x w 1249.5 psi

1 1

Step - f - Cercumferential Stress Due to Internal Pressurization, Shi Equation 7 with : p D tw 300 psi 24 in 0.375 in SHi = p x (D-tw) / (2 x tw) 9450.000 psi

Step - g - Principal Stresses S1 , S2 , S3 Es at T1 T2 vs 30000 6.50E-06 0 0 0.3

g.1 Equation 9 with :

SHe DSHh SHi DSLh SHe SHi p S1 S2 S3 S1 - S2 S2 - S3 S3 - S1 F SMYS Seff

2340 psi 1868.0025 psi 9450.000 psi 1249.5 psi 2340 psi 9450.000 psi 300 psi 13658.003 4786.500 -300 8871.503 5086.500 -13958.003 psi psi psi psi psi psi

S1 = SHe + DSHh + Shi 13658.003 psi S2 = DSLh - Es x at (T2-T1) + vs (SHe + SHi) 4786.500 psi S3 = -300 psi

g.2 Equation 10 with :

g.3 Equation 11 with : g.4 Effictive Stress, Seff Equation 12 with :

Seff = Sqrt [1/2{(S1-S2)2 + (S2-S3)2 + (S3-S1)2}] 12235.233 psi

g.5 Check allowable effective Stress Equation 13 with :

0.72 52000 psi 12235.233 psi Seff

F x SMYS =

37440 psi

F x SMYS

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OK

Step - h - Check Fatigue h.1 Girth welds Table 3 Equation 17 with : DSLh for X52 steel SFG SFG x F

F DSLh

0.72 1249.5 psi SFG x F

12000 psi 8640 psi

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OK

h.2 Longitudinal welds Table 3 Equation 17 with : DSHh

F DSHh

0.72 1868.0025 psi SFL x F

for X52 steel SFL SFL x F

21000 psi (ERW) 15120 psi

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OK