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College of
Business Administration
2008-2009
Assignment
On
The Research Process
b) Latent Difficulties:
They are not so visible and if not checked will soon become
evident. Eg. Poor supervision can demotivate the staff and affect
performance.
c) Unnoticed Opportunities:
These show potential growth in certain areas.
After identifying two or more problems, the researcher must
select one problem after examining the priorities of the
organizations and its limitations of time and money and expected
value of research.
A complete problem definition must specify each of the
following:
i. Units of analysis:
These are the individuals or objects whose characteristics
are to be measured. It is necessary that universe is well defined.
v. Hypothesis Development:
A hypothesis is a proposition which the researcher wants
to verify. The researcher has to select among the possible
hypothesis and test them empirically with the help of statistical
tools in order to make sure that they are true or false. Properly
defined problem will provide direction to the researcher.
2) Choice of research design:
a) Observation Method:
This method suggests that data are collected through one’s
observation. If the researcher is a keen observer, with integrity he
would be in a position to observe and record data faithfully and
accurately. While the observational method may be suitable in case
of some studies, several things of interest such as attitudes,
opinions, motivations and other intangible states of mind cannot be
observed. Another aspect of this method is that it is non-reactive as
data are collected unobtrusively without the direct participation of
the respondent. This is a major advantage as the behaviour can be
recorded without relying on reports from the respondents.
b) Survey Method:
Surveys are also used to collect primary data. Survey can be
personal, telephonic and mail. The most commonly used methods
in India are personal and mail survey. The researcher has to choose
the kind of survey to be used for data collection.
Telephonic survey is suitable when very limited and specific
information is needed. Surveys based on personal interview are
suitable when detailed information is to be collected. Sometimes
combinations of two or more methods can also be used. Normally
in survey method, structured questionnaire are prepared in advance
to get the necessary information from the respondents.
Whether it is personal or mail survey, a suitable questionnaire
has to be designed and the questionnaire is pretested
for its validity.
5) Determining the sample design and sample
size: