Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Miroslav ivkovi
Rodoljub Vujanac
Sneana Vulovi
Kragujevac SERBIA
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering ENGINEERING SOFTWARE LAB Sestre Janjic 6, 34000 Kragujevac, SERBIA Tel: +381 34 300790 Fax: +381 34 300791 Mob: +381 64 8288777 e-mail: zile@kg.ac.yu
CONTENTS
EXAMPLE 7 (SE3_1) Cantilever subjected to triangular distributed loading.................................................................................125 EXAMPLE 8 (SE8_1) Clamped square plate loaded by concetrated force.....................................................................................147 EXAMPLE 9 (SE8_4) Cantilever of Tshape cross-section loaded by concentrated force ..............................................................163
EXAMPLE 11 - (SE8_6) Half of sphere with hole subjected to concentrated forces ..................................................................................203
EXAMPLE 12 (SE8_8) Cylindrical shell with rigid diaphragms, loaded by concetrated forces ...............................................................225
PAK-S Examples
Fig. 1 Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Materials and Properties II Generation of Nodes and Elements III Constraining the Model IV Loading the Model V Prepare and Submit the Model for a Linear Static Analysis VI Postprocessing and Review the Results
Example 1
PAK-S Examples
If you have not already done, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your model, type in the field File name: Example1, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command. File>Save As...
1 2 3
4 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. Note: FEMAP automatically repeats any creation commands assuming that during the creation of most finite element models that each command will be required more than once. This behavior is designed to minimaze the number of times you will need to go into the menus or use the toolbox to acces commands. This feature can be turned off in the File>Preferences command.
Example 1
7 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property - ROD Element Type press Cancel. Example 1 3
PAK-S Examples
1 2
1 2
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate Enter Coordinates or Select with Cursor press Cancel. Press Ctrl+A or choose following command to autoscale the view: View>Autoscale>Visible
Example 1
PAK-S Examples
You can change the colors of model enteties (nodes) using next commands: Modify>Color>Node...
1 2
1 4 3 6
Example 1
Note: You can select the proper nodes directly by the mouse from the screen, or enter their ID in the field as shown figures bellow.
1 2 3
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define ROD Element - Enter Nodes or Select with Cursor press Cancel. Modify>Color>Elements...
1 2
Example 1
PAK-S Examples Let`s rotate the view so you can see the whole model. View>Rotate>Model... ( short-cut key F8)
You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture. Tools>Workplanel... ( short-cut key F2)
1 2 Use the following command to regenerate the screen: View>Regenerate ( short-cut key Ctrl+G) On the Fig. 2 is shown finite element model (nodes and elements).
Fig. 2
Example 1
PAK-S Examples
Model>Constraint>Nodal... Note: There are 5 nodes in model, and, as described above, nodes 1, 2, 3 and 4 are restrained in all three directions, and node 5 is free. You have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of the nodes 1, 2, 3 and 4 on screen.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box EntetySelection - Enter Node(s) Select press Cancel. Modify>Update Other>Perm Constraint Note: Degrees of freedom that corresponding to the rotations of nodes are restrained globally because only translational displacements are allowed for trusses.
1 2
3 4 Example 1 8
PAK-S Examples
Model>Load>Nodal Note: We will now apply a load in the negative z direction to simulate vertical concentrated force along the axes of symmetry. Select the node 5 moving the mouse on that node on the screen or enter its ID in the field ID in Entity Selection - Enter Node(s) to Select dialog box.
4 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel.
Example 1
PAK-S Examples The model is now complete and looks like one on the Fig. 3.
Fig. 3
We suggested you to save your work that you have done till now, using File>Save (short-cut F4)
Example 1
10
PAK-S Examples
4 5
Example 1
11
PAK-S Examples
Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe. 1
3 4
1 2
Example 1
12
PAK-S Examples
You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example1.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example1. LST, Example1. UNV, Example1. NEU.
5 Example 1 13
PAK-S Examples Viewing the rod axial forces in the truss as follows: View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
4 5
7 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Select PostProcessing Data press OK. Example 1 14
PAK-S Examples
After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
Example 1
15
PAK-S Examples
On Fig. 4, FEMAP displays on the screen the deformed model with color representation of the rod axial forces.
Fig. 4 Rod axsial force Displacements of the loading point (node 5) you can view in the Messages and List Window using command: List>Output>Query...
1 2
3 4 5
To turn the 3 lines of the text of the Messages and List Window into a complete window simply double click in the area at the bottom of the Main Window.
Numerical results obtained by program are exactly the same as analytical solution.
Example 1
16
PAK-S Examples
4 (2,6)
8 (6,6) 6 (4,6)
2 (0,4)
3 (2,4) 5 (4,4)
Material S355
7 (6,4)
1 (0,0)
x
Fig. 1 Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Materials and Properties II Generation of Nodes and Elements III Constraining the Model IV Loading the Model V Prepare and Submit the Model for a Linear Static Analysis VI Postprocessing and Review the Results VII Propose of Infinitesimal Displacements (determine the reactions of supports)
Example 2
17
PAK-S Examples
If you have not already done, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example2, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command. File>Save As...
Tools>Advanced Geometry... 1 2
1 2 3
4 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. 18 Example 2
7 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property - ROD Element Type press Cancel. Example 2 19
PAK-S Examples
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate Enter Coordinates or Select with Cursor press Cancel. Example 2 20
PAK-S Examples To autoscale the view press Ctrl+A or choose command: View>Autoscale>Visible Model>Element...(Short-cut key Ctrl+E)
Note: You can select the proper nodes directly by the mouse from the screen, see Fig. 1, or enter their ID in the field Nodes as shown figures bellow.
1 2 3
1 ...
Enter the following data (see Table 1.) into proper fields Nodes of previous dialog box when pop up: Table 1. Elements Element 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1. node 2 2 3 3 4 4 6 5 5 5 7 2. node 3 4 4 5 6 5 8 6 8 7 8
After the last element 13 between the nodes 7 and 8 has been created and FEMAP displays again dialog box Define ROD Element - Enter Nodes or Select with Cursor press Cancel to end command. Display labelling of nodes and elements by ID View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
Example 2
21
PAK-S Examples
Fig. 2
Example 2
22
PAK-S Examples
Model>Constraint>Nodal...
Note: First, you have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of the node 1 on screen and restrain it in x and y direction.
Now, select the node 7 on screen and restrain it in and y direction as following:
After FEMAP displays again dialog box EntetySelection - Enter Node(s) Select press Cancel. Example 2 23
Note: Degrees of freedom that corresponding to the rotations of nodes are restrained globally because only translational displacements are allowed for trusses. Also, because of 2D problem only two translational displacements are allowed in x and y directions.
1 2
3 4 The model should look like the one below on the Fig. 3.
Fig. 3
Example 2
24
PAK-S Examples
Model>Load>Nodal... Note: We will now apply a load to the model as shown on Fig. 1. First, select the node 3 moving the mouse on that node on the screen or enter its ID in the field ID in Entity Selection - Enter Node(s) to Select dialog box. Next, applay concentrate forces at nodes 6 and 8.
Example 2
25
PAK-S Examples
10
11
12 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel.
Example 2
26
PAK-S Examples On the Fig. 4 you will see the loads and constarints on your model.
Fig. 4
We suggested you to save your work that you have done till now, using File>Save (short-cut F4)
Example 2
27
PAK-S Examples
4 5
Example 2
28
PAK-S Examples
Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe. 1
3 4
1 2
Example 2
29
PAK-S Examples
You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example2.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example2. LST, Example2. UNV, Example2. NEU.
1 2
5 Example 2 30
PAK-S Examples Viewing the rod axial forces in the truss as follows: View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
4 5
7 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Select PostProcessing Data press OK. Example 2 31
PAK-S Examples
After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
Example 2
32
PAK-S Examples
FEMAP displays on the screen the deformed model with color representation of the rod axial forces, Fig. 5.
Fig. 5 To show reactions of the supports you have to change your model throughout next few steps: First, you should delete previous results from your model using following commands: Delete>OutputSet..
1 2
PAK-S Examples
View>Regenerate...( Short-cut key Ctrl+G) FEMAP can display all enteties using Quick options of View Toolbar, see following picture: Look View Toolbar 1
Now, your model is looking like one at the Fig. 4. Note: To show reactions of supports in FEMAP you must remove restraints in the x and y directions at node 1 and in the y direction at the node 7 and instead of them you have to propose infinitesimal displacements at these nodes (1e-10 m) in the equivalent directions. Delete>Model>Constraint - Set...
1 2
3 View>Regenerate...(Short-cut key Ctrl+G) Note: Your model now loses restraints in the x and y directions at node 1 and in the y directions at the node 7 that is shown on screen. Example 2 34
PAK-S Examples
7 Example 2 35
PAK-S Examples
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel. On the Fig. 6 you can see the model with loads and displacements.
Fig. 6
We need to repeat steps V and VI on same way that we have done before (until page 18. before Delete> OutputSet...) and submit the model for linear static analysis and post procesing and reviewing the results in the FEMAP. Also, we suggest to save your model and all new files (*.NEU, *.dat) using new names, for instance Example2a. After you went through all necessary steps you should show reactions of supports as follows: View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
Example 2
36
PAK-S Examples
2 3
After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK FEMAP displays on the screen the deformed model with color representation of the reactions of supports, Fig. 7.
Example 2
37
PAK-S Examples
Fig. 7Constraint force Reactions of supports (at nodes 1 and 7) you can view in the Messages and List Window using command: List>Output>Query... 1 2 3 4 3 5
To turn the 3 lines of the text of the Messages and List Window into a complete window simply double click in the area at the bottom of the Main window.
Example 2
38
PAK-S Examples
x
D
y
4 3 2 A
0.3
F=200N
1 7 8 9 10
Material S355 E=2.1e11 [N/m2] =0.3 A=0.01 [m2]
B5
Fig. 1.
Table 1. Coordinates of nodes in the plane Oxy Node 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Materials and Properties II Creating the Geometry III Generation of Nodes and Elements IV Constraining the Model V Loading the Model VI Prepare and Submit the Model for a Linear Static Analysis VII Postprocessing and Review the Results Example 3 39 x [m] 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 y [m] 0 0 0 0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 z [m] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PAK-S Examples
If you have not already done, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example3, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command. File>Save As...
Tools>Advanced Geometry...
1 2
1 2 3
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. 40 Example 3
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property - ROD Element Type press Cancel. Example 3 41
PAK-S Examples
Geometry>Point...
Note: To create the required geometry you should enter manually coordinates of the points in the proper field in the following dialog box that are given in the Table 1.
2 ...
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate - Enter Coordinates or Select with Cursor enter the data points given in Table 1. To autoscale the view after press short-cut key Ctrl+A or choose command: View>Autoscale>Visible You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture. Tools>Workplane... (short-cut key F2)
1 2
Geometry>Curve-Line>Points...
Note: To create the required geometry you should select the first point by moving the mouse on the first point in a line and then move to the point at the other end of the line.
2 ...
Be sure to create all 17 line segments. There is a geometry of 17 lines in the Fig. 2. Example 3 42
PAK-S Examples
Fig. 2 These lines will be copied in the z direction to create the other side of the truss. Since we will be working in 3-D, let`s rotate the view so we can see the new lines that will be generated behined the ones you just created. View>Rotate>Model... (short-cut key F8)
2 1
Geometry>Copy>Curve...
1 2
PAK-S Examples View>Autoscale>Visible (short-cut key Ctrl+A) On the Fig. 3 is shown part of 3-D geometry.
Fig. 3
Connect the Two Sides
We will now create new lines that connect the corresponding points from the two sides of the truss. You should create 10 lines. Geometry>Curve - Line>Points...
Note: To create the required geometry you should select the first point by moving the mouse on the first point in a line and then move to the point at the other end of the line, see Fig. 1.
1 ...
You have completed the geometry section of this example as shown on Fig. 4.
Fig. 4 Example 3 44
PAK-S Examples
1 2
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entety Selection - Select Curve(s) to Set Mesh Size press Cancel. Mesh>Geometry>Curve...
1 2
3 4
View>Regenerate (short-cut key Ctrl+G) To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q):
1
Example 3
45
PAK-S Examples
2 4
Note: Each line in the model now has rod element along its length. Since they were generated independetly, there will be multiple nodes at the end of every line coincident with the nodes generated for the other lines that also ended in the same point. In the world of FEA, these structural members will not be connected. To effectively link the model we will use FEMAP`s ability to check and optionally merge coincident nodes of model.
Tools>Check>Coincident Nodes...
1 2
Since coincident nodes have been merged with connecting all rod elements of this example together, you should performe their renumber because their number are less now. Modify>Renumber>Node...
1 2
Example 3
46
PAK-S Examples
Fig. 5
Example 3
47
PAK-S Examples
To simulate the simmetry of this part, we will constrain the four nodes that are the halfway point of our structure. In this model, we are defining symmetry across the x plane through these points. By imposing this type of constrain condition, we are actually introducing a stiffness exactly equal to the structure modeled, just mirrored about the x plane. Model>Constraint>Nodal...
Note: You have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of these 4 nodes (nodes E, F, G and H) on screen, Fig. 5, and restrain them as following.
FEMAP automatically prompts you for more nodes to constrain. Select nodes A and B at the left end of the truss and fix these nodes, Fig. 1.
Example 3
48
PAK-S Examples
After FEMAP displays again dialog box EntetySelection - Enter Node(s) Select press Cancel. Modify>Update Other>Perm Constraint
Note: Degrees of freedom that corresponding to the rotations of nodes are restrained globally because only translational displacements are allowed for trusses. Since we will be loading this part in the negative y direction this part will be also require constraint against movement in the z direction.
1 2
3 4
Model>Load>Nodal...
Note: Select two nodes E and F moving the mouse on those nodes on the screen, Fig. 5. Next, applay concentrate forces at these nodes.
Example 3
49
PAK-S Examples
Due to simmetry of model enter half value of force (-100) in the FY field.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel. The model shown on the Fig. 6 is now complete and ready for analysis.
Fig. 5 We suggested you to save your work that you have done till now, using File>Save (short-cut F4) Example 3 50
PAK-S Examples
4 5
Example 3
51
PAK-S Examples
Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe.
1
1 2
Example 3
52
PAK-S Examples
You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example3.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example3. LST, Example3. UNV, Example3. NEU.
Example 3
53
PAK-S Examples Viewing the rod axial forces in the truss as follows: View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
4 5
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Select PostProcessing Data press OK. After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Example 3 54
PAK-S Examples
Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
Example 3
55
PAK-S Examples
FEMAP displays on the screen the deformed model with color representation of the rod axial forces, Fig. 7.
Example 3
56
PAK-S Examples
The objective is to find displacements, stresses and strains in an axisymmetric body loaded by axisymmetric loading using 2D elements.
Fig. 1
Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Material and Properties II Creating the Geometry III Generation of Nodes and Elements IV Constraining the Model V Loading the Model VI Prepare and Submit the Model for a Linear Static Analysis VII Postprocessing and Review the Results
Example 4
57
PAK-S Examples
If you have not already done, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example4, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command. File>Save As...
Tools>Advanced Geometry...
1 2
1 2 3
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. 58 Example 4
To define finite elements with 8 nodes per element you must pick options Parabolic Elements in the following dialog box.
5 7
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property AXISYMMETRIC Element Type press Cancel. Example 4 59
PAK-S Examples
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate Enter First Corner of Surface press Cancel. To autoscale the view press Ctrl+A or choose command: View>Autoscale>Visible You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture. Tools>Workplane... (short-cut key F2)
1 2
Use the following command to regenerate the screen: View>Regenerate (short-cut key Ctrl+G)
Example 4
60
PAK-S Examples Display labelling of curves and surfaces by ID View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
1 4
3 6
Fig. 2
Example 4
61
PAK-S Examples
1 2
3 4
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Select Surface(s) to Set Mesh Size press Cancel. Mesh>Geometry>Surface
1 2
3 4
Four finite elements with 9 nodes per element have been generated. You should solve the problem by using 8-node 2D axisymmetric elements, so ninth node in the middle of the each element must be deleted. Delete>Model>Node...
1 2
Example 4
62
PAK-S Examples You will see in the Messages and List Window following message:
To see effect of deleting use the following command to regenerate the screen: View>Regenerate (short-cut key Ctrl+G) To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q):
1
2 3
1 4 3 6
Example 4
63
PAK-S Examples
Since 4 nodes were deleted you have to performe the renumber of nodes. Modify>Renumber>Node
1 2
Fig. 3
Example 4
64
PAK-S Examples
Note: since boundary conditions are such that only all radial displacements are free, you can constrain the model as following:
1 2
3 4
Example 4
65
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Model>Load>Elemental
Note: Select element 1 moving the mouse on that element on the screen, Fig. 5.
4 Note: Select left edge of element 1 moving the mouse on that edge when FEMAP prompts you for Face, Fig. 5. 6
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Enter Element(s) to Select press Cancel. Example 4 66
PAK-S Examples The model shown on the Fig. 4 is now complete and ready for analysis.
Fig. 4 We suggested you to save your work that you have done till now, using File>Save (short-cut F4)
Example 4
67
PAK-S Examples
4 5
Example 4
68
PAK-S Examples
Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe.
1
3 4
1 2
Example 4
69
PAK-S Examples
You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example4.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example4. LST, Example4. UNV, Example4. NEU.
Example 4
70
PAK-S Examples Viewing the total translation and stresses: View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
4 5
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Select PostProcessing Data press OK. After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Example 4 71
PAK-S Examples
Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
Example 4
72
PAK-S Examples
FEMAP displays on the screen the deformed model with color representation of the total translation, Fig. 5.
Example 4
73
PAK-S Examples
After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. FEMAP displays on the screen the deformed model with color representation of the equivalent stress, Fig. 6
Example 4
PAK-S Examples On the next page drawing diagram is shown. View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
Example 4
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3 1
5 7
9 8 11 10
12
13
Example 4
76
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15 16
14 17
Fig. 7
Example 4
77
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2 5
If you want to display distribution of radial stress xx and after that circular stress zz, you will select in a dropdown menu Output Vector instead of 2. T1 TRANSLATION PLATE options 7020..SOLID X NORMAL STRESS and 7022..SOLID Z NORMAL STRESS respectively in the dialog box Select XY Curve Data. On the Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 radial stress distribution and circural stress distribution are shown respectively.
Example 4
78
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Fig. 8
Fig. 9 Good agreeement between the numerical and the analytical solutions is observed.
Example 4
79
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Example 4
80
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The objective is to find stress distribution around a hole using 2D plane stress elements and to show deformed and undeformed model.
L
Y
p A B
X
C D E
Fig. 1
Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Material and Properties II Creating the Geometry III Generation of Nodes and Elements IV Constraining the Model V Loading the Model VI Prepare and Submit the Model for a Linear Static Analysis VII Postprocessing and Review the Results
Example 5
81
PAK-S Examples
If you have not already done, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example5, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command. File>Save As...
Tools>Advanced Geometry...
1 2
1 2 3
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. 82 Example 5
2 3
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property MEMBRANE Element Type press Cancel. 83 Example 5
PAK-S Examples
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate Enter Location at Center of Arc press Cancel. View>Autoscale>Visible (short-cut key Ctrl+A) The designed arc you should divide on two equal parts in order to create fine mesh. Modify>Break... (short-cut key Ctrl+K)
1 2
Example 5
84
PAK-S Examples
5 6
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entety Selection Select Curve(s) to Break press Cancel. View>Autoscale>Visible (short-cut key Ctrl+A) You will now create three curves that are necessary to get three surfaces. Geometry>Curve-Line>Project Points
2
Example 5
85
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate Enter First Location for Projected Line press Cancel. View>Autoscale>Visible (short-cut key Ctrl+A) Display labelling of curves and surfaces by ID View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
1 4
3 6
You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture. Tools>Workplanel... ( short-cut key F2)
1 2
PAK-S Examples View>Regenerate ( short-cut key Ctrl+G) You can see the created lines on the Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 Create three surfaces among cuves 1 and 3, 2 and 4, 4 and 5 that will represent quarter of model. Geometry>Surface>Ruled
Note: You can select the proper curves directly graphically by the mouse from the screen, or enter their ID in the field as shown figures bellow.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Create Ruled Surface press Cancel.
Note: Since the surfaces were generated independetly, there will be multiple curves at the edge of every surface coincident with the curve generated for the other surface that also lie in the same edge. In the world of FEA, these geometrical members will not be connected. To effectively link the model we will use FEMAP`s ability to check and optionally merge coincident curves of model.
Tools>Check>Coincident Curves
Example 5
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1 2
To see effect of merging use the following command to regenerate the screen: View>Regenerate (short-cut key Ctrl+G) You have completed the geometry section of this example as shown on Fig. 3.
Fig. 3
Example 5
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2 3
2 3
2 3
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Select Surface(s) to Set Mesh Size press Cancel.
Example 5
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1 2
3 4
Finite elements with 9 nodes per element have been generated. You should solve the problem by using 8-node 2D elements, so ninth node in the middle of the each element must be deleted. Delete>Model>Node...
1 2
You will see in the Messages and List Window following message:
To see an effect of deleting use the following command to regenerate the screen: View>Regenerate (short-cut key Ctrl+G)
Note: Since the surfaces were generated independetly, there will be multiple nodes at the edge curve of every surface coincident with the nodes generated for the other surface that also lie in the same edge. In the world of FEA, these structural members will not be connected. To effectively link the model we will use FEMAP`s ability to check and optionally merge coincident nodes of model.
Example 5
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1 2
Since 10 nodes were deleted (see Messages and List Window) you have to performe the renumber of nodes. Modify>Renumber>Node
1 2
Example 5
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To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q):
1
2 3
1 4
3 6
Example 5
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Now, you should check elements direction (orientation of nodes must be in the positive mathematical direction). Activate option Off>Element on the Status Line and then you may graphically pick the location of every element on screen to check its direction. You will see pop-up window with written orientation of nodes as you see on the figure bellow. After you finished, press the button Off in the Status line again.
2 1
1 2
Fig. 5 Example 5 93
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Model>Constraint>Nodal
2 1 Note: You have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curve 7 on screen, Fig. 3, and set symmetry conditions, restrain it in x direction.
Note: Now, you can graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curves 8 and 10 on screen, Fig. 3, and set symmetry conditions, restrain them in y direction.
Example 5
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2 1
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel.
Note: Because of 2D plane stress elements only two translational displacements are allowed in x and y directions.
1 2
3 4
Example 5
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Model>Load>On Curve
Note: You have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curve 5, Fig. 3.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Enter Curve(s) to Select press Cancel.
Example 5
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PAK-S Examples The model shown on the Fig. 6 is now complete and ready for analysis.
Fig. 6 We suggested you to save your work that you have done till now, using File>Save (short-cut F4)
Example 5
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4 5
Example 5
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Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe.
1
3 4
1 2
Example 5
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Now you must change your Example5.dat file, because it is necessary to set up Newton-Cotes numerical integration. To do that, open your Example5.dat file in some program editor (for example Ultra Edit). In card /13/ on position 10 and 15 you need to change NGAUSX and NGAUSY. C /13-2/ DATA FOR 2D ISOPARAMETRIC ELEMENTS C a) First card with basic data for the element group (4I5,F10.0,I5,3F10.0,I5) C IETYP,NGAUSX,NGAUSY,MSET,BETA,MSLOJ,CPP1,CPP2,CPP3,IALFA 0 13 13 0 0.000000 0 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it type Example5.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example5. LST, Example5. UNV, Example5. NEU.
Example 5
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4 5
Example 5
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Select PostProcessing Data press OK. After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
Example 5
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FEMAP displays on the screen the deformed model with color representation of the stress distribution, Fig. 7.
Fig. 7 Stress xx field Good agreement between the numerical and the analytical solutions for stress is observed even with a coarse finite element mesh. In Newton-Cotes numerical integration nodes and integration points on element boundary coincide Example 5 103
PAK-S Examples Deformed and undeformed configurations are shown on Fig. 8. View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
PAK-S Examples
Fig. 1
Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Materials and Properties II Creating the Geometry III Generation of Nodes and Elements IV Constraining the Model V Loading the Model VI Prepare and Submit the Model for a Linear Static Analysis VII Postprocessing and Review the Results
Example 6
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If you have not already done, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example6, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command. File>Save As...
Tools>Advanced Geometry...
1 2
1 2 3
Example 6
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. Model>Property...
Example 6
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property - MEMBRANE Element Type press Cancel.
Geometry>Curve-Line>Project Points
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate - Enter First Location for Projected Line press Cancel. View>Autoscale>Visible... (short-cut key Ctrl+A) Geometry>Surface>Ruled...
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Create Ruled Surface press Cancel. You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture. Tools>Workplanel... ( short-cut key F2)
Example 6
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1 2
Use the following command to regenerate the screen: View>Regenerate ( short-cut key Ctrl+G) Display labelling of curves and surfaces by ID View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
1 4
3 6
Example 6
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Fig. 2
1 2
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection -Select Curve(s) to Set Mesh Size press Cancel. Mesh>Geometry>Surface... Example 6 110
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1 2
3 4
To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q):
1
2 3
Example 6
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Example 6
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Now, you should check elements direction (orientation of nodes must be in the positive mathematical direction). Activate option Off>Element on the Status Line and then you may graphically pick the location of every element on screen to check its direction. You will see pop-up window with written orientation of nodes as you see on the figure bellow. After you finished, press the button Off in the Status line again.
2 1
1 2
Example 6
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Fig. 3
Example 6
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Model>Constraint>Nodal...
2 1 Note: You have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curve 1 on screen, Fig. 3, and set boundary conditions, restrain it in all direction and all rotation.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Enter Nodes to Select (On Curves) press Cancel.
Note: Because of 2D plane stress elements only two translational displacements are allowed in x and y directions.
Example 6
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1 2
3 4
Fig. 4
Example 6
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Model>Load>Nodal...
Note: You have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of the nodes A and B on curve 2 (firs and last) on screen, Fig. 3, and set vertical loads in positive y direction as following.
5 Note: Now, You will graphically (using mouse) pick all the other on curve 2 (between A and B) on screen, Fig. 3, and set vertical loads in positive y direction as following. You must pick 15 nodes.
Example 6
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Enter Nodes to Select press Cancel. The model shown on the Fig. 5 is now complete and ready for analysis.
Fig. 5 We suggested you to save your work that you have done till now, using File>Save (short-cut F4) Example 6 118
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4 5
Example 6
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Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe.
1
1 2
Example 6
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You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example6.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example6. LST, Example6. UNV, Example6. NEU.
2 3
Example 6
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PAK-S Examples FEMAP can display displacements in y direction of model as following: View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
4 5
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Select PostProcessing Data press OK. After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Example 6 122
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Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
Example 6
PAK-S Examples
Example 6
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Fig. 1
Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Materials and Properties II Creating the Geometry III Generation of Nodes and Elements IV Constraining the Model V Loading the Model VI Prepare and Submit the Model for a Linear Static Analysis VII Postprocessing and Review the Results
Example 7
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If you have not already done, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example7, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command. File>Save As...
Tools>Advanced Geometry...
1 2
1 2 3
Example 7
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. Model>Property...
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property - SOLID Element Type press Cancel.
Example 7
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Geometry>Surface>Corners...
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate - Enter First Corner of Surface press Cancel. Since we will be working in 3-D, let`s rotate the view so we can see the generated surface. View>Rotate>Model... (short-cut key F8)
2 1
You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture. Tools>Workplanel... (short-cut key F2)
1 2
Example 7
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Use the short-cut key Ctrl+G to regenerate the screen. View>Autoscale>Visible... (short-cut key Ctrl+A) On the Fig. 2 created surface is shown.
1 2
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Select Surface(s) to Extrude press Cancel. Example 7 129
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View>Autoscale>Visible... (short-cut key Ctrl+A) Display labelling of curves by ID View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
Fig. 3
Example 7
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection -Select Curve(s) to Set Mesh Size press Cancel. Mesh>Geometry>Volume...
1 2
3 4
View>Regenerate (short-cut key Ctrl+G) To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q):
1
Example 7
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2 3
1 4 3 6
Five finite elements with 21 nodes per element have been generated. You should solve the problem by using 20-node 3D solid elements, so 21st node in the middle of the each element must be deleted. Delete>Model>Node...
1 2
Example 7
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PAK-S examples You will see in the Messages and List Window following message:
To see effect of deleting use the following command to regenerate the screen: View>Regenerate (short-cut key Ctrl+G) Since 31 nodes were deleted you have to performe the renumber of nodes. Modify>Renumber>Node...
1 2
PAK-S examples
Model>Constraint>Nodal...
Note: You have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of nodes 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 on screen, Fig. 4, and restrain them in x direction.
Note: Now, you have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of node 4 as a mid-node at z axis on screen, too, Fig. 4, and restrain it in x and y directions.
Example 7
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Note: Now, you have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of node 5 as a mid-node at y and z axis on screen, too, Fig. 4, and restrain it in x, y and z directions.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel. Set the global constraints. Modify>Update Other>Perm Constraint...
1 2
3 4
Example 7
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. Model>Load>Elemental...
1 2
1 2
6 5
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Enter Elements to Select press Cancel. Example 7 136
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You can turn off the labelling of nodes and elements by ID and display load value for the clarity of model picture. View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
1 4 3 6
7 9
Example 7
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PAK-S examples The model shown on the Fig. 5 is now complete and ready for analysis.
Fig. 5
We suggested you to save your work that you have done till now, using File>Save (short-cut F4)
Example 7
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4 5
Example 7
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Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe.
1
3 4
1 2
Example 7
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You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example7.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example7. LST, Example7. UNV, Example7. NEU.
1 2
Example 7
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PAK-S examples Viewing the deflection as following: View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
4 5
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Select PostProcessing Data press OK. After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Example 7 142
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Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
FEMAP displays on the screen the deformed model with color representation of deflection of the free end, Fig. 6. Example 7 143
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Fig. 6 Field of displacement in y direction Distribution of deflection along the cantilever axis could be displayed: View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
Example 7
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
3 1
5 7
Example 7
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9 10
8 11
On the Fig. 7 FEMAP displays distribution of deflection along the cantilever axis.
Fig. 7
Example 7
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a)
b) Fig. 1
Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Materials and Properties II Creating the Geometry III Generation of Nodes and Elements IV Constraining the Model V Loading the Model VI Prepare and Submit the Model for a Linear Static Analysis VII Postprocessing and Review the Results
Example 8
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If you have not already done, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example8, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command. File>Save As...
Tools>Advanced Geometry...
1 2
1 2 3
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. 148 Example 8
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property - PLATE Element Type press Cancel.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate - Enter First Corner of Surface press Cancel. View>Autoscale>Visible... (short-cut key Ctrl+A) Example 8 149
PAK-S Examples You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture. Tools>Workplanel... (short-cut key F2)
1 2
Use the short-cut key Ctrl+G to regenerate the screen. Display labelling of curves and surfaces by ID View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
1 4
3 6
You have completed the geometry section of this example as shown on Fig. 2.
Example 8
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Fig. 2
2 3
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Select Surface(s) to Set Mesh Size press Cancel. Example 8 151
Note: You have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of surface on screen, Fig. 2.
2 3
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Select Surfaces to Set Mesh press Cancel.
Model>Constraint>Nodal
Note: You can select curves 1 and 4 on screen, Fig. 2.
2 1
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Note: To simulate the symmetry conditions you should graphically (using mouse) pick, first the location of curve 2 and then 3 on screen, Fig. 3, and restrain: no displacement normal to the symmetry plane (x direction for curve 2 and y direction for the curve 3) and no rotation around symmetry line (rotation around y axis for the curve 2 and x rotation for the curve 3) as following:
2 1
Example 8
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2 1
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Enter Node(s) to Select ( On Curves) press Cancel. Modify>Update Other>Perm Constraint...
1 2
3 4
Example 8
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Model>Load>Nodal
Note: You have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of node at the plate centre on screen, point D, Fig. 1.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel.
Example 8
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To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q):
1
2 3 4
The model shown on the Fig. 3 is now complete and ready for analysis.
Fig. 3
Example 8
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4 5
Example 8
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Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe.
1
3 4
1 2
Example 8
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You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example8.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example8. LST, Example8. UNV, Example8. NEU.
Example 8
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PAK-S Examples The FEMAP can display field of plate deflection: View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
4 5
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Select PostProcessing Data press OK. After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Example 8 160
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Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
Example 8
161
Fig. 4 Field of displacement in z direction (deflection) Deflection of clamped plate centre FEMAP can display in the Messages and List Window using command: List>Output>Query...
Note: You may graphically pick the location of node at plate centre, Fig. 1.
2 1 3 4
To turn the 3 lines of the text of the Messages and List Window into a complete window simply double click in the area at the bottom of the Main window.
Example 8
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Fig. 1
Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Materials and Properties II Creating the Geometry III Generation of Nodes and Elements IV Constraining the Model V Loading the Model VI Prepare and Submit the Model for a Linear Static Analysis VII Postprocessing and Review the Results
Example 9
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If you have not already done, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example9, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command. File>Save As...
Tools>Advanced Geometry...
1 2
1 2 3
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. 164 Example 9
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property - PLATE Element Type press Cancel.
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate First Corner of Surface press Cancel. View>Autoscale>Visible... (short-cut key Ctrl+A) Example 9 165
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To create the vertical part of cantilever in yz plane, Fig. 1, first you have to set workplane as following: Tools>Workplane (short-cut key F2)
1 2
1 2
1 2
Example 9
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1 2
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate First Corner of Surface press Cancel. Since we will be working in 3-D, let`s rotate the view so we can see the complete geometry. View>Rotate>Model... (short-cut key F8)
View>Autoscale>Visible... (short-cut key Ctrl+A) You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture. Tools>Workplanel... (short-cut key F2)
1 2
Use the short-cut key Ctrl+G to regenerate the screen. Display labelling of curves and surfaces by ID View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
Example 9
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1 4
3 6
Fig. 2
Example 9
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Note: Now, you have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curves 2 and 4on screen, Fig. 2.
\
Note: At the end you have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curves 5 and 7 on screen, Fig. 2.
Example 9
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Select Curve(s) to Mesh Size press Cancel. Mesh>Geometry>Surface
1 2
3 4
Note: Since the surfaces were generated independetly, there will be multiple nodes at the edge curve of surface coincident with the nodes generated for the other surface that also lieing in the same edge. In the world of FEA, these structural members will not be connected. To effectively link the model we will use FEMAP`s ability to check and optionally merge coincident nodes of model.
Tools>Check>Coincident Nodes
1 2
Example 9
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Since 11 nodes were merged (see Messages and List Window) you have to performe the renumber of nodes. Modify>Renumber>Node
1 2
To see an effect of merging use the following command to regenerate the screen: View>Regenerate (short-cut key Ctrl+G)
Example 9
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To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q):
1
2 4
1 4
3 6
Example 9
172
Fig. 3
Model>Constraint>Nodal
Note: Restrain all displacements and rotations at the clamped end of cantilever.
Example 9
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2 1 Note: Graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curves 4 and 5 on screen, Fig. 2.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel.
Note: Nodes where the horizontal shell (lying in xy plane) is connected to the web (vertical shell) have six d.o.f., with rotations in the global coordinate system, while all other shell nodes have five d.o.f. - with rotations around local element axes.
2 1 Note: Graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curves 1, 3 and 6 on screen, Fig. 2.
Example 9
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4 5
Model>Load>Nodal...
Note: Graphically (using mouse) pick the location of node 16, Fig. 3.
Example 9
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel. To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q):
1
2 4
The model shown on the Fig. 5 is now complete and ready for analysis.
Example 9
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Fig. 5 We suggested you to save your work that you have done till now, using File>Save (short-cut F4)
Example 9
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4 5
Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe.
1
Example 9
178
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1 2
You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example9.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example9. LST, Example9. UNV, Example9. NEU.
Example 9
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1 2
FEMAP can display deflection of the free end of cantilever. View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
Example 9
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Select PostProcessing Data press OK. After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
Example 9
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Example 9
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PAK-S Examples On the Fig. 6 is shown field of deflection of the free end of cantilever.
Example 9
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Example 9
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a) Fig. 1
b)
Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Materials and Properties II Creating the Geometry III Generation of Nodes and Elements IV Constraining the Model V Loading the Model VI Prepare and Submit the Model for a Linear Static Analysis VII Postprocessing and Review the Results
Example 10
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If you have not already done, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>P.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example10, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select rograms>Femap v8 File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command. File>Save As...
Tools>Advanced Geometry...
1 2
1 2 3 4
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. 186 Example 10
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property - PLATE Element Type press Cancel.
2 1
Example 10
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Note: Coordinates of point B are: xB=Rsin400=193cm, yB=L/2=300cm, zB= Rcos400=230cm. First, you will create the arc in Oxz plane.
Geometry>Curve-Arc>Radius-Start-End...
1 2
3 4
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate Enter Location at Start of Arc press Cancel. View>Autoscale>Visible... (short-cut key Ctrl+A) Now, you will create the arc of point B. Geometry>Copy>Curve...
Note: You can graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curves 1 on screen or press Select All button.
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Since we will be working in 3-D, let`s rotate the view so we can see the complete geometry. View>Rotate>Model... (Short-cut key F8)
View>Autoscale>Visible... (short-cut key Ctrl+A) You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture. Tools>Workplanel... (short-cut key F2)
1 2
Use the short-cut key Ctrl+G to regenerate the screen. Display labelling of curves and surfaces by ID View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
1 4
3 6
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Create Ruled Surface press Cancel. You have completed geometry section of this example as shown on Fig. 2.
Fig. 2
1 2
3 4
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Select Surface(s) to set Mesh Size press Cancel. Example 10 190
1 2
3 4
To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q):
2 4
Example 10
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Fig. 3
Example 10
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Model>Constraint>Nodal
2 1 Note: Graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curve 1 on screen, Fig. 2.
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Example 10
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel. Modify>Update other>Perm Constraint...
1 2
3 4
Use the short-cut key Ctrl+G to regenerate the screen. The model with constraints is shown on the Fig.4.
PAK-S Examples
Model>Load>Body
The model shown on the Fig. 5 is now complete and ready for analysis.
Fig. 5 We suggested you to save your work that you have done till now, using File>Save (short-cut F4). 196 Example 10
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4 5
Example 10
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Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe.
1
3 4
1 2
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You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example10.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example10. LST, Example10. UNV, Example10. NEU.
Example 10
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PAK-S Examples FEMAP can display deflection of the point B. View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
4 5
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Select PostProcessing Data press OK and after FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Example 10 200
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Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
On the Fig. 5 field of deflection of the roof under gravity loading. Example 10 201
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Fig. 6 Field of displacement in z direction (deflection) Deflection of point B, FEMAP can display in the Messages and List Window using command: List>Output>Query...
Note: You have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of node at plate centre, Fig. 1.
2 1 3 4
To turn the 3 lines of the text of the Messages and List Window into a complete window simply double click in the area at the bottom of the Main window.
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a) Fig. 1
b)
Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Materials and Properties II Creating the Geometry III Generation of Nodes and Elements IV Constraining the Model V Loading the Model VI Prepare and Submit the Model for a Linear Static Analysis VII Postprocessing and Review the Results
Example 11
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If you have not already done, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example11, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command. File>Save As...
Tools>Advanced Geometry...
1 2 3
4 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. 204 Example 11
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property - PLATE Element Type press Cancel.
1 2
3 4
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate Enter Location at Start of Arc press Cancel. View>Autoscale>Visible (short-cut key Ctrl+A) Now, you will create the arc BC which lieing in the plane parallel to xz plane. Coordinates of point B, Fig. 1: xB=0, yB=Rcos =10cos(18o)=9.51cm, zB=Rsin =10sin(18o)=3.09cm Lets set the proper workplane. Tools>Workplane... (short-cut key F2)
2 3 4
1 2 Example 11 3 4 206
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate Enter Location at Start of Arc press Cancel. You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture. Tools>Workplanel... (short-cut key F2)
1 2
Use the short-cut key Ctrl+G to regenerate the screen. Display labelling of curves and surfaces by ID View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
1 4
PAK-S Examples
Fig. 2 Now, you will create arc AB in the plane yz and arc CD in the plane xy. Coordinates of point C are: xC=Rsin =10sin(18o)=3.09cm, yC=Rcos =10cos(18o)=9.51cm, zC=0 First, set the workplane to create the arc AB. Tools>Workplane... (short-cut key F2)
2 3 4
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1 2
3 4
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate Enter Location at Start of Arc press Cancel.
Since we will be working in 3-D, let`s rotate the view so we can see the complete geometry. View>Rotate>Model... (short-cut key F8)
1 2
View>Autoscale>Visible (short-cut key Ctrl+A) Now, let`s set the workplane to create the arc CD. Tools>Workplane... (short-cut key F2)
2 3 4
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1 2
3 4
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate Enter Location at Start of Arc press Cancel. You have created edge curves of surface as shown on Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 You will now create the surface between these edge curves. Geometry>Surface>Edge Curves...
Note: Now, you have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curves 1, 4, 2 and 3 on screen, Fig. 3.
1 2
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Edge Surface press Cancel. You have completed the geometry section of this example as shown on Fig. 4.
Fig. 4
1 2
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Select Curve(s) to Set Mesh Size press Cancel. Mesh>Geometry>Surface...
1 2
3 4
To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q): 1
2 3
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Fig. 5 We suggested you to save your work that you have done till now, using File>Save (short-cut F4).
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Model>Constraint>Nodal...
2 1
Note: Graphically (using mouse) pick the location of arc 3 (AB) on screen, Fig. 1 and Fig. 4.
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2 1
Note: Graphically (using mouse) pick the location of arc 4 (DC) on screen, Fig. 1 and Fig. 4.
Note: Graphically pick the location of node E (middle point of arc BC) on screen, Fig. 1 and Fig. 5.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel.
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1 2
3 4
Model>Load>Nodal...
Note: Graphically pick the location of node A, Fig. 1.
Example 11
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7 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel. The model shown on the Fig. 6 is now complete and ready for analysis.
Example 11
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Fig. 6 We suggested you to save your work that you have done till now, using File>Save (short-cut F4).
Example 11
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4 5
Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe.
1 2
Example 11
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1 2
You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example11.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example11. LST, Example11. UNV, Example11. NEU.
Example 11
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FEMAP can display field of displacement of sphere. View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
Example 11
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4 5
7 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Select PostProcessing Data press OK and after FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
Example 11
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Example 11
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Fig. 7Displacement field Deflection of point A, FEMAP can display in the Messages and List Window using command: List>Output>Query...
Note: You may graphically pick the location of node A, Fig. 1.
2 1 3 4
To turn the 3 lines of the text of the Messages and List Window into a complete window simply double click in the area at the bottom of the Main window:
Example 11
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EXAMPLE 12 (SE8_8) Cylindrical shell with rigid diaphragms, loaded by concetrated forces
Description/Objective A cylindrical shell, with rigid diaphragms, is loaded by two concentrated forces, as shown in Fig.1 (a). Geometrical and material data are given in Fig. 1(b). Due to symmetry in geometry, boundary and loading conditions, one-eight of the structure will be modelled, as shown in Fig. 1(b). Boundary conditions at edge in xz plane assume rigid diaphragm that allows rotation 1 around local tangent directions V1. Symmetry planes x,y; y,z; and y=L/2 imply boundary conditions shown in the figure: no rotation around line in the symmetry plane, and no displacement normal to plane of symmetry. Quarter of force acting on the structure is taken in the model, due to symmetry. Four-node shell elements are employed (mesh 16x16). Determine displacements of point under the force and show deformed configuration.
a) Fig. 1
Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Materials and Properties II Creating the Geometry IIIGeneration of Nodes and Elements IV Constraining the Model V Loading the Model VI Prepare and Submit the Model for a Linear Static Analysis VII Postprocessing and Review the Results
b)
Example 12
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If you have not already done, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example12, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command. File>Save As...
Tools>Advanced Geometry...
1 2
1 2 3
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. 226 Example 12
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property - PLATE Element Type press Cancel.
2 1
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1 2
3 4
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate Enter Location at Start of Arc press Cancel. View>Autoscale>Visible (short-cut key Ctrl+A) Now, you will create the cylindrical surface by extruding creating curve. Geometry>Surface>Extrude... Note: You can graphically (using mouse) pick the location of created curve on screen.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Select Curve(s) to Extrude press Cancel. Since we will be working in 3-D, let`s rotate the view so we can see the complete geometry. View>Rotate>Model... (Short-cut key F8)
Example 12
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View>Autoscale>Visible... (short-cut key Ctrl+A) You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture. Tools>Workplanel... (short-cut key F2)
1 2
Use the short-cut key Ctrl+G to regenerate the screen. Display labelling of curves and surfaces by ID View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
1 4
3 6
Example 12
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Fig. 2
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Select Curve(s) to Set Mesh Size press Cancel. 230 Example 12
1 2
3 4
To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q):
1
2 3
Example 12
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Fig. 3 We suggested you to save your work that you have done till now, using File>Save (short-cut F4).
Example 12
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Model>Constraint>Nodal...
2 1 Note: Graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curve 4 on screen, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, to simulate x symmetry.
Example 12
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2 1 Note: Graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curve 2 on screen, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, to simulate y symmetry.
2 1
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Note: Graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curve 3 on screen, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, to simulate z symmetry.
2 1 Note: Graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curve 1 on screen, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, to assume rigid diaphragm.
Example 12
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel. Modify>Update Other>Perm Constraint...
1 2
3 4
Example 12
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Fig. 4
Model>Load>Nodal...
Note: Graphically (using mouse) pick the location of loaded point (node 289), Fig. 3.
Note: Quarter of force acting on the structure is taken in the model, due to symmetry.
Example 12
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entitu Selektion-Enter Nodes to Select press Cancel. The model shown on the Fig. 5 is now complete and ready for analysis.
Fig. 5 We suggested you to save your work that you have done till now, using File>Save (short-cut F4). Example 12 238
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4 5
Example 12
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Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe.
1
1 2
Example 12
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You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example12.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example12. LST, Example12. UNV, Example12. NEU.
2 3
Example 12
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PAK-S Examples FEMAP can display original and deformed configurations of shell. View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
4 5
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Select PostProcessing Data press OK. After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Example 12 242
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Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
Original and deformed configurations for 16x16 mesh are shown in the Fig. 6. Example 12 243
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Fig. 6 Original and deformed configurations Deflection of loaded point T3 TRANSLATION (node 298), FEMAP can display in the Messages and List Window using command: List>Output>Query...
Note: You can graphically (using mouse) pick the location of loaded point, Fig. 1.
2 1 3 4
To turn the 3 lines of the text of the Messages and List Window into a complete window simply double click in the area at the bottom of the Main window:
Example 12
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E = 2.9 10 7
Fig. 1
Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Materials and Properties II Creating the Geometry
Examples 13
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If you have not already done, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example13, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command. File>Save As...
Tools>Advanced Geometry...
1 2
1 2 3
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. 246 Examples 13
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property - Plate Element Type press Cancel.
Geometry>Curve-Line>Project Points
2 1 3
4 5
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate Enter First Location for Projected Line press Cancel.
Examples 13
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Select Curve(s) to Set Mesh Size press Cancel. Mesh>Geometry>Curve
1 2
Examples 13
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1 2
3 4
8 9
10
Since we will be working in 3-D, let`s rotate the view so we can see the complete geometry. View>Rotate>Model... (short-cut key F8)
View>Autoscale>Visible... (short-cut key Ctrl+A) You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture. Tools>Workplanel... (short-cut key F2)
Examples 13
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1 2
Use the short-cut key Ctrl+G to regenerate the screen. To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q):
1
2 3
Examples 13
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A
Fig. 2
Examples 13
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1 Note: Graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curve 1 on screen, Fig. 1, to set boundary conditions correspond to the clamped cross-section.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Enter Nodes(s) to Select press Cancel. Modify>Update Other>Perm Constraint
1 2
3 4
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Model>Load>Nodal...
Note: Graphically (using mouse) pick the location of the nodes A and B (firs and last), Fig. 2, and set loads in positive y direction as following.
5 Note: Now, you will graphically (using mouse) pick all the other nodes between A and B, Fig. 2, and set loads in positive y direction as following. You must pick 3 nodes.
Examples 13
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel.
Examples 13
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4 5
Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe.
1
3 4
Examples 13
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1 2
You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example13.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example13. LST, Example13. UNV, Example13. NEU.
The FEMAP can display original and deformed configurations of cantilever. View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
Examples 13
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4 5
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Select PostProcessing Data press OK. After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
Examples 13
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Original and deformed configurations for 4x24 mesh are shown in the Fig. 3.
Examples 13
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Fig. 3 Orginal and deformed configurations Deflection of cantilever in the force direction T2 TRANSLATION (node A), FEMAP can display in the Messages and List Window using command: List>Output>Query...
Note: You may graphically pick the location of loaded point, Fig. 1.
2 1 3 4
To turn the 3 lines of the text of the Messages and List Window into a complete window simply double click in the area at the bottom of the Main window:
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Fig. 1
Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Materials and Properties II Creating the Geometry III Generation of Nodes and Elements IV Constraining the Model V Loading the Model VI Prepare and Submit the Model for a Linear Static Analysis VII Postprocessing and Review the Results
Example 14
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If you have not already done, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example14, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command. File>Save As...
Tools>Advanced Geometry...
1 2 3
4 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. 262 Example 14
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property - PLATE Element Type press Cancel.
Geometry>Curve-Arc>Radius-Start-End...
1 2
3 4
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate - Enter Location at Start of Arc press Cancel. View>Autoscale>Visible (short-cut key Ctrl+A) Created arc have to be broken in order to defining proper mesh. Modify>Break... (short-cut key Ctrl+K)
Note: You can graphically (using mouse) pick the location of arc on screen or press Select All, Fig. 1.
Example 14
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2
Note: You may again graphically (using mouse) pick the location of arc on screen to do step 4.
4 5
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Select Curve(s) to Break At press Cancel. View>Autoscale>Visible (short-cut key Ctrl+A)
Note: Now, you will create horizontal and vertical curve that connected orign with end points of arc. 2 Geometry>Curve-Line>Project Points...
1 Example 14 264
3 4
5 6
Vertical curve:
1 2
3 4
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate - Enter First Location for Projected Line press Cancel. You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture. Tools>Workplanel... (short-cut key F2)
1 2 Use the short-cut key Ctrl+G to regenerate the screen. Display labelling of curves and surfaces by ID View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
Example 14
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1 4
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Create Line from Points press Cancel. Example 14 266
Fig. 3 Now, you should break curves 3, 4 and 5 at their midpoint. Modify>Break... (short-cut key Ctrl+K)
Note: First, select horizontal curve 3 on screen, Fig. 3.
2
Note: Again, graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curve 3 on screen, Fig. 3.
Example 14
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4 5
Note: Now, you will select vertical curve 4 on screen to break it, Fig. 3.
Note: Again, graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curve 4 on screen, Fig. 3.
2 3
Note: Now, you will select curve 5 on screen to break it, Fig. 3.
Note: Again, graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curve 5 on screen, Fig. 3.
2 3
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Select Curve(s) to Break press Cancel.
Example 14
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Using command Break, three new curves were generated 6, 7 and 8, Fig. 4.
Fig. 4 You have to delete curve 5 from above geometry, Fig. 4. Delete>Geometry>Curve...
Note: Select on the screen location of curve 5, Fig. 4.
Example 14
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C B
Fig. 5
Let`s create two curves to connect points A & B, and B & C, Fig. 5. Geometry>Curve-Line>Points...
Note: You may graphically (using mouse) pick the location of points A, B and C on screen, Fig. 5.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Create Line from Points press Cancel.
Example 14
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1 2
1 2
1 2 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Edge Surface press Cancel.
Example 14
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Fig. 7
1 2
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Select Curve(s) to Set Mesh Size press Cancel. Example 14 272
1 2
3 4
Note: Since the surfaces were generated independetly, there will be multiple nodes at the edge curve of surface coincident with the nodes generated for the other surface that also lieing in the same edge. In the world of FEA, these structural members will not be connected. To effectively link the model we will use FEMAP`s ability to check and optionally merge coincident nodes of model.
Tools>Check>Coincident Nodes...
1 2
4 Since 26 nodes were merged (see Messages and List Window) you have to performe the renumber of nodes. Modify>Renumber>Node...
1 2
Example 14
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To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q): 1
2 3
Example 14
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Fig. 8 We suggested you to save your work that you have done till now, using File>Save (short-cut F4).
Example 14
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Now, you will set boundary conditions defined in description of this example, Fig. 1. Model>Constraint>Nodal...
2 1
Note: You can graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curves 3 and 6 on screen, Fig. 7, and simulate y symmetry.
Example 14
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2 1
Note: You can graphically (using mouse) pick the location of all curves 4 and 7 on screen, Fig. 7, and simulate x symmetry.
2 1
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Note: You can graphically (using mouse) pick the location of all curves 1 and 2 on screen, Fig. 7, and simply supported condition along plate edge.
6 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Select Node(s) to Select press Cancel. Modify>Update Other>Perm Constraint...
1 2
3 4
Example 14
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5
Note: Graphically pick front face of anybody elements on screen, Fig. 7.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Enter Element(s) to Select press Cancel. Example 14 279
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To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off labels), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q): 1
3 2 The model shown on the Fig. 9 is now complete and ready for analysis.
Fig. 9
Example 14
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4 5
Example 14
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Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe.
1 2
3 4
1 2
Example 14
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You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example14.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example14. LST, Example14. UNV, Example14. NEU.
5 Example 14 283
PAK-S Examples You can now display field of plate deflection. View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
4 5
7 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Select PostProcessing Data press OK. After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Example 14 284
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Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
Example 14
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Fig. 10 Field of displacement in z direction (deflection) Deflection of cantilever in the force direction T2 TRANSLATION (node A), FEMAP can display in the Messages and List Window using command: List>Output>Query...
Note: You may graphically (using mouse) pick the location of centre point of plate, Fig. 1.
2 1 3 4
To turn the 3 lines of the text of the Messages and List Window into a complete window simply double click in the area at the bottom of the Main window:
Example 14
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2 - Heated
E1=E2=E=27.6x106 N/cm2
Fig. 1
Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Materials and Properties II Creating the Geometry III Generation of Nodes and Elements IV Constraining the Model V Loading the Model VI Prepare and Submit the Model for a Linear Static Analysis VII Postprocessing and Review the Results
Example 15
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If you have not already done, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example15, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command. File>Save As...
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Tools>Advanced Geometry...
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel. Model>Property...
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property - MEMBRANE Element Type press Cancel.
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate - Enter Location at Start of Arc press Cancel. To autoscale the view after press short-cut key Ctrl+A or choose command: View>Autoscale>Visible You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture. Tools>Workplane... (short-cut key F2)
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Use the following command to regenerate the screen: View>Regenerate (short-cut key Ctrl+G)
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Note: Now, lets create two horizontal and two vertical curves to complete edges of surfaces, Fig. 1.
Geometry>Curve>Points...
Note: You can graphically (using mouse) pick the location of points to create proper curves, Fig. 2.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Create Line from Points press Cancel. Now, you should generate surfaces between edge curves. Geometry>Surface>Edge Curves...
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Note: You can graphically (using mouse) pick the location of edge curves counter clockwise, Fig. 2.
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Edge Surface press Cancel. Now, turn off labelling of points and display labelling of curves and surfaces by ID View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
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Note: You have to graphically (using mouse) pick the location of curves 4, 5, 6, and 7 on screen, Fig. 3.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Select Curve(s) to Set Mesh Size press Cancel.
Note: First, you have to graphically (using mouse) pick surface 1 on screen, Fig. 3, because of different property and then surface 2 to set mesh.
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Mesh>Geometry>Surface...
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Note: Since the surfaces were generated independetly, there will be multiple nodes at the edge curve of every surface coincident with the nodes generated for the other surface that also lie in the same edge. In the world of FEA, these structural members will not be connected. To effectively link the model we will use FEMAP`s ability to check and optionally merge coincident nodes of model.
Tools>Check>Coincident Nodes...
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Since 19 nodes were deleted (see Messages and List Window) you have to performe the renumber of nodes. Modify>Renumber>Node
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To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q):
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Fig. 4 We suggested you to save your work that you have done till now, using File>Save (short-cut F4)
Note: One quarter of the structure is modeled, with symmetry boundary conditions: no displacement normal to the symmetry plane (u=0 for plane y,z; v=0 for plane x, z), and no rotation around axis in the symmetry plane (x=1=0 along x-axis, y=2=0 along y-axis). Also, degrees of freedom corresponding to the rotations of nodes and translation in z direction are restrained globally because only translational displacements in x and y direction are allowed for 2D plane stress elements. 300 Example 15
2 1 Note: You can graphically (using mouse) pick the location of vertical curves 6 and 7 on screen, Fig. 3.
2 1 Note: You can graphically (using mouse) pick the location of horizontal curves 4 and 5 on screen, Fig. 3.
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel. Modify>Update Other>Perm Constraint...
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Model>Load>On Surface...
Note: You can graphically (using mouse) pick the location of surface 2, Fig. 3.
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection Enter Surface(s) to Select press Cancel. To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off labels), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q):
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The model shown on the Fig. 5 is now complete and ready for analysis. Example 15 303
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Fig. 5
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Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe.
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You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example15.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example15. LST, Example15. UNV, Example15. NEU.
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Now, you should display distribution of xx stress using following commands: View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Select PostProcessing Data press OK. After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Example 15 308
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Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
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Now, you should display radial displacement field in radial direction ux. View>Select... (short0cut key F5)
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. Radial displacement field in radial direction ux is shown on the Fig. 7.
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X y
Fig. 1
Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Material and Properties II Creating the Geometry III Generation of Nodes and Elements IV Constraining the Model V Prepare and Submit the Model for a Dynamic Analysis VI Postprocessing and Review the Results
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If you have not already done so, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example1d, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command.
File>Save As...
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Tools>Advanced Geometry...
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I Defining Materials and Properties
Model>Material...
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5 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. Example 1D 314
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Note: The default property type is Plate. You have to change it to the Beam property, so first press the Elem/Property Type button.
Note: FEMAP now returns you to the Define Property - BEAM Element Type dialog box. You should now define the shape of the cross-section.
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Note: Scroll down the Shape drop-down list and select the type of beam as Rectengular Bar.
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Note: FEMAP orients the y axis of the cross-section as orientation vector. Press OK and FEMAP will calculate the section properties. FEMAP now returns you to the Define Property BEAM Element Type dialog box which now includes the calculated values.
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11 After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property - BEAM Element Type press Cancel.
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II Creating the Geometry
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Note: Only one curve is necessary to crete model of beam. Geometry>Curve-Line>Project Points...
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate - Enter First Location for Projected Line press Cancel.
To autoscale the view press Ctrl+A or choose command:
View>Autoscale>Visible
You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture.
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Use the following command to regenerate the screen:
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You have designed the geometry of your model as shown on Fig. 2.
Fig. 2
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III Generation of Nodes and Elements Note: The first thing we need to do is set the mesh size for the curve.
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Select Curve(s) to Set Mesh Size press Cancel. Mesh>Geometry>Curve...
Note: You may graphically pick the location of curve on screen, Fig. 2.
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Note: Now, FEMAP prompts you to define orientation vector that defines the y axis of the beam. It is important that this vector be identical to the one used to define the cross-section properties, otherwise analysis results may be incorrect. Use the orientation vector along the y axis. 320
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To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q):
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To view Beam elements with their cross-section use View Options, too.
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Your model looks like one on the Fig. 3.
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Use the View Tool Bar across the top of the screen and FEMAP View Style options to set your model in the render mode.
Note: If you want to back your model to the wireframe view choose the option Wireframe from above drop-down menu.
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Fig. 4
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IV Constraining the Model
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Note: Since Constraints are Set based, you must create an empty Constrain Set before defining any actual constrains. Model>Constraint>Set... (short-cut key Shift+F2)
Model>Constraint>Nodal...
Note: You may graphically pick the location of node 1 on screen, Fig. 3.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entity Selection - Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel.
The model shown on the Fig. 9 is now complete and ready for analysis.
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File>Export>FEMAP Neutral
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Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe.
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In the step 6, Time Periods dialog box will appear. After you put all data in the proper fields and press OK in the Time Periods dialog box, you will back in General options dialog box and press OK.
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You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example1d.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example1d.LST, Example1d.UNV, Example1d.NEU.
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FEMAP can display initial and deformed configuration at time t=310-4s mode shapes of cantilever beam and determine eigenvalues as following: View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK.
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Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
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You can see on the Fig. 6 mode shape 1 and proper eigenvalue in the left down corner.
Fig. 6 Mode shape for the first mode To show the other 9 mode shapes and proper eigenvalue, you can repeat command View>Select... and in the dialog box PostProcessing Data from the drop-down list Output set instead of output option 1..CASE 1 EIGV 4.0821E+01 choose 2..CASE 2 EIGV 8.1760E+01 or next one. Better way to do this is to select next option from Command Toolbar:
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You can see on the Fig. 7 mode shapes 2 , 3, ... with proper eigenvalues in the left down corner.
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L=18 cm D=6 cm h=0.3 cm E=3107 N/cm2 =0.3 =3.66310-2 kg/cm3 p=1103 N/cm
Suggested Exercise Steps: I Defining Material and Properties II Creating the Geometry III Generation of Nodes and Elements IV Constraining the Model V Loading the Model VI Prepare and Submit the Model for a Dynamic Analysis VII Postprocessing and Review the Results
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If you have not already done so, start FEMAP by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the Windows Start menu, pick Start>Programs>Femap v8.1>Femap v8.1. All new models are named Untitled. The command File>Save As... allows you to change the model filename. The Windows Common File Save As dialog box will be display. Using this box, you can navigate around your local computer. Move to or create a directory where you wish to store your FEMAP model, type in the field File name Example2d, and press Save. Throughout this example, all commands that you will select from the FEMAP menu will be shown in the following style File>Save As... Which means, first select File from the menu, and then move to the Save As command.
File>Save As...
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Tools>Advanced Geometry...
Model>Material...
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Isotropic Material press Cancel to end command. 336 Example 2D
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Model>Property...
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Define Property - AXISYMMETRIC Element Type press Cancel.
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C Note: Due to symmetry, you will create one half of the right side of longitudinal cross-section of the pipe wall.
Geometry>Surface>Corners...
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Locate - Enter First Corner of Surface press Cancel. To autoscale the view press Ctrl+A or choose command: View>Autoscale>Visible You can turn off the workplane for the clarity of model picture. Tools>Workplane... (short-cut key F2)
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Use the following command to regenerate the screen: View>Regenerate (short-cut key Ctrl+G)
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entety Selection - Select Surface(s) to Set Mesh Size press Cancel. Mesh>Geometry>Surface...
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Eigth finite elements with 9 nodes per element have been generated. You should solve the problem by using 8-node 2D axisymmetric elements, so ninth node in the middle of the each element must be deleted. Delete>Model>Node...
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You will see in the Messages and List Window following message:
To see effect of deleting use the following command to regenerate the screen: View>Regenerate (short-cut key Ctrl+G) To reduce the amount of information displayed (turn off geometry), use the FEMAP Quick Options (short-cut key Ctrl+Q):
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Since 8 nodes were deleted you have to performe the renumber of nodes. Modify>Renumber>Node
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Finite element model is shown in the Fig. 3 a). Zoom of upper side of model is shown on Fig. 3 b).
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a) Fig. 3
b)
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Model>Constraint>Nodal...
Note: First, you should restraint nodes that lying on the curve 1 to simulate y symmetry.
2 1 Note: You may graphically pick the location of curve 1 on screen, Fig. 2.
Note: Now, restrain node 43 in the upper right corner in the x direction as above shown, Fig. 1. Also, you may graphically pick the location of node 43 on screen, Fig. 2.
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entety Selection - Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel. Modify>Update Other>Perm Constraint
Note: Degrees of freedom corresponding to the rotations of nodes and translation in z direction are restrained globally because only translational displacements in x and y direction are allowed for axisymmetric elements.
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Model>Load>Nodal...
Note: You may graphically pick the location of node 3 on screen and put half of load due to symmetry, Fig. 3.
After FEMAP displays again dialog box Entety Selection - Enter Node(s) to Select press Cancel.
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Fig. 4
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Run the PAK Translator by double-click the icon on your Desktop or in the directory Paktr run the file Paktr.exe. 1 1
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In the step 5, Dynamic analysis options dialog box will appear. After you put data 1 in the field IMASS and press OK in this dialog box, you will back in General options dialog box and press button Time Periods. Time Periods dialog box will appear. After you put all data in the proper fields and press OK in this dialog box, you will back in General options dialog box and press OK to accept all input and end the command.
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You should save your *. dat file in the same directory as you put a file Paks.exe. You need to run file Paks.exe and after start it, type Example2d.dat in a DOS prompt (see the window below). Three files should be create during this process Example2d.LST, Example2d.UNV, Example2d.NEU.
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PAK-S Examples Now, you should display initial and deformed configuration at time t=310-4s. View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK.
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Througout a few steps from Command Toolbar and View Toolbar shown bellow, you can setup appropriate view of your results on the screen. Look Command Toolbar
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Fig. 5 Displacement field Drawing diagram of displacement of point under load in the radial direction. View>Select... (short-cut key F5)
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After FEMAP displays again dialog box View Select press OK. View>Options... (short-cut key F6)
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On the Fig. 6 FEMAP displays displacement of point under load in the radial direction.