World History Pre-AP – Duez NAME________________________________ PD:

Chapter 17: Revolution and Enlightenment, 1550–1800 Time: 2 Weeks

Big Ideas and Questions:
1. The scientific revolution led to a larger and more profound ‘intellectual movement’ – the Enlightenment.
2. The Enlightenment provided the philosophical foundation for the American Revolution (and later the
French Revolution).
3. What was the impact on the world when a tiny American colonial uprising led to the toppling of the
greatest power on the planet – England?
Student-Friendly Learning Target Statements
Section 1: The • Sixteenth-century Europeans began to question the scientific assumptions of the ancient authorities
Scientific Revolution
and to develop new theories about the universe.
• Nicholas Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo Galilei revolutionized astronomy.
• Equally revolutionary were Isaac Newton's explanations of gravity and the movement of the planets.
Geocentric Ptolemaic system Heliocentric
Rationalism Scientific method Inductive reasoning
Nicholas Copernicus & Copernican
Ptolemy Galileo Galilei
Universe
Isaac Newton Robert Boyle Maria Winkelmann
Rene Descartes Francis Bacon Johannes Kepler
Section 2: The • The Scientific Revolution gave rise to the Enlightenment, an eighteenth-century movement that
Enlightenment
stressed the role of philosophy and reason in improving society.
• Enlightenment intellectuals, known as philosophes, were chiefly social reformers from the nobility
and the middle class. They often met in the salons of the upper classes to discuss the ideas of such
giants as Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot.
• The later Enlightenment produced social thinkers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and an early
advocate of women's rights, Mary Wollstonecraft. Salon gatherings, along with the growth of book
and magazine publishing, helped spread Enlightenment ideas among a broad audience.
Philosophe Separation of powers Deism
Laissez-faire Social contract Salon

John Locke Montesquieu Voltaire

Denis Diderot
Adam Smith Jean-Jacques Rousseau

MaryWollstonecraft Margaret Cavendish

Section 3: The Impact • The Enlightenment influenced both art and politics. The baroque and neoclassical styles of art
of the Enlightenment
endured, while a more delicate style, called rococo, emerged.
• The work1s of Bach, Handel, Haydn, and Mozart represented one of the greatest periods in European
music. Novels attracted a middle-class audience.
Enlightened absolutism Bach Handel

Haydn Mozart Frederick the Great

Maria Theresa Catherine the Great Robert Walpole

Section 4: Colonial Metizo Mulatto Federal system
Empires and the
American Revolution • In North America, British control over its colonies began to unravel over issues of taxation. Multiple
crises led the Americans to declare their independence in 1776 and to fight Britain until its defeat in
1783.
• The Articles of Confederation that formed the United States were soon replaced with a Constitution,
which created a stronger central government. The Bill of Rights added important freedoms derived
from the natural rights expressed by the philosophes.

Questions are due on Tuesday, February 24th Vocabulary Quiz on Friday February 27th
1. R.C. P. 512 Test is Tuesday, March 3rd.
2. P. 513 Chart Skills #2
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