knn

Kannada

indopersica

Script Part Two

The Kannada letters and words described in this book are each accompanied by a pronunciation key in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Please refer to these IPA keys for the exact pronunciation of a Kannada letter or word. The IPA is a scientific notation used for accurately transcribing the sounds of most human languages. More about the IPA can be found at http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/ and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipa . The similarities described in this book between the pronunciations of Kannada letters and corresponding English letters are only guidelines and should be considered as such.

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This letter has a sound similar to t in Spanish toro To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue touches the back of your front teeth

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This letter has a sound similar to d in Spanish diez To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue touches the back of your front teeth

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These are the basic letters weve just seen

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This is how these basic letters are modified to make the combo letters for , i and u

t i

di

t u

du

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This is how these basic letters are modified to make the combo letters for e and o

t e

de

t o

do

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These are all the various basic and combo letters weve just seen

t i

t u

t e

t o

d d di du de do

Notice the slightly different shape of

di

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Here are the mini versions of the letters weve just seen Lets just take the simplest example When the second letter has the vowel

Note that the mini version of t looks quite different from its full version

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Can you read these Kannada words?

New Delhi
107

food

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Howd you fare?

die

dore

direction dpp

king sddu

fat, thick t elu

noise t olu

Telugu, a southern Indian language mut t u

hide, leather jkt i

pearl ndeli

person t inndu

New Delhi
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food

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This letter has a sound similar to t in ash tray To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue curls right back and touches the roof of your mouth

109

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This letter has a sound similar to d in rushed To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue curls right back and touches the roof of your mouth

110

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Sometimes, this letter also has a sound similar to tt dd r in in in the American pronunciation of better the American pronunciation of ladder Spanish pero but with the tongue curled further back and flapping against the roof of the mouth

This particular sound occurs only when the letter appears in certain positions in a word, and will be marked in the pronunciation key

111

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These are the basic letters weve just seen

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This is how these basic letters are modified to make the combo letters for , i and u

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This is how these basic letters are modified to make the combo letters for e and o

114

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These are all the various basic and combo letters weve just seen

i u e o

Notice the slightly different shape of

115

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Here are the mini versions of the letters weve just seen Lets just take the simplest example When the second letter has the vowel

116

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These sets of letters look similar

di

du

de

do

i u e o

As do their mini versions

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And some Kannada words with these new letters

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All correct? t ui kri

lip kiki

bear duu

window bb

money pu

box e

small, little moe

lump roi

egg nu

roi, Indian unleavened bread

119

shiver, tremble

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Remember this letter?

The letter below is pronounced just like the one above, except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air

It has a sound similar to ck-h in brick-house

120

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Remember this letter?

The letter below is pronounced just like the one above, except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air

It has a sound similar to ggh in egghead

121

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Remember this letter?

The letter below is pronounced just like the one above, except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air

It has a sound similar to ph in uphold

122

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Remember this letter?

The letter below is pronounced just like the one above, except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air

It has a sound similar to bh in clubhouse

123

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Remember this letter?

The letter below is pronounced just like the one above, except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air

It has a sound similar to ch-h in church-house

124

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Remember this letter?

The letter below is pronounced just like the one above, except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air

It has a sound similar to dgeh in badgeholder

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These are the basic letters weve just seen

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This is how these basic letters are modified to make the combo letters for

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This is how these basic letters are modified to make the combo letters for i

ki

pi

bi

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This is how these basic letters are modified to make the combo letters for u

ku

pu

bu

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This is how these basic letters are modified to make the combo letters for e

ke

pe

be

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This is how these basic letters are modified to make the combo letters for o

ko

po

bo

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These are all the various basic and combo letters weve just seen

ki

ku

ke

ko

i u e o

p p pi pu pe po

b b bi bu be bo

And the list goes on
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And

u e o

...done!

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Most of these puff-of-air letters have a little pendulum at the bottom

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In some cases, this pendulum is the only thing that differentiates these puff-of-air letters from the ones with no puff of air

These two combo letters have one more difference other than the pendulum, namely the swish at the upper right

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These sets of letters look very similar

p p pi pu pe po

p p pi pu pe po

i u e o

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Notice how i looks slightly different from other combo letters for i

pi pi i

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Also notice how u and o look slightly different from the rest

u o

pu po

pu po

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These sets of letters look similar

ri

ru

re

ro

j j ji

ju

je

jo

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These combo letters look somewhat similar

ru

Remember that u has an extra curl at the end

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Here are the mini versions of the letters weve just seen Lets just take the simplest example When the second letter has the vowel

More to come

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And here are the remaining ones

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Some Kannada words with the new letters weve just seen

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12 on 12?

pl

ri

kinn

fruit t ri

stream, rivulet bkt i

sad, depressed mukj

umbrella idr

devotion pilm

main nt e

pore, opening k

film sbjt e

dignity llri

unit

politeness, manners cymbal

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Remember this letter?

The letter below is pronounced just like the one above, except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air

It has a sound similar to th-h in bath-house

145

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Remember this letter?

The letter below is pronounced just like the one above, except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air

It has a sound similar to dh in adhere

146

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These are the basic letters weve just seen

147

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This is how these basic letters are modified to make the combo letters for , i and u

t i

di

t u

du

148

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This is how these basic letters are modified to make the combo letters for e and o

t e

de

t o

do

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These are all the various basic and combo letters weve just seen

t i

t u

t e

t o

d d di du de do

Note the slightly different shape of these letters from other i letters

t i

di

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Here are the mini versions of the letters weve just seen When the second letter has the vowel

151

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These sets of letters look similar

di

du

de

do

i u e o

t t t i t u t e t o

d d di du de do

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As do all their mini versions

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The pendulum strikes again

For d

, this is the only thing differentiating it from d

d

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These words arent too difficult

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Here you go

kte

t it i

story dni

date according to the lunar calendar dru

tone, note buddi

Earths pole st it i

intelligence pddt i

status, condition sprde

practice, method

contest, competition

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Remember this letter?

The letter below is pronounced just like the one above, except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air

It has a sound similar to th in penthouse

157

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Remember this letter?

The letter below is pronounced just like the one above, except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air

It has a sound similar to dh in madhouse

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These are the letters weve just seen

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This is how these basic letters are modified to make the combo letters for , i and u

160

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This is how these basic letters are modified to make the combo letters for e and o

161

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These are all the various basic and combo letters weve just seen

i u e o

Note the slightly different shape of these letters from other i letters

162

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Here are the mini versions of the letters weve just seen When the second letter has the vowel

163

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These sets of letters look similar

di

du

de

do

i u e o

t t t i t u t e t o

d d di du de do

i u e o

164

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As do all their mini versions

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These sets of letters too look similar

ri

ru

re

ro

i u e o

But their mini versions dont!

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Both these sets of letters have a dot in the middle

t i

t u

t e

t o

i u e o

As do their mini versions

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Test your newly acquired skills

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Came out with flying colours?

sse

stamp, seal ikki

fatigue pj

collision mnem

curriculum mr

house and home

Indian hand-held drum

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This letter has a sound similar to l l in in hold boulder To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue curls right back and touches the roof of your mouth It sounds similar to

but with the tongue curled further back

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This letter has a sound similar to sh in ash tray To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue curls right back and touches the roof of your mouth In everyday speech, its mostly pronounced the same as

171

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These are the letters weve just seen

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This is how these basic letters are modified to make the combo letters for , i and u

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And this is how they are modified to make the combo letters for e and o

174

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These are all the various basic and combo letters weve just seen

i u e o

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And here are their mini versions When the second letter has the vowel

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Camouflage at its very best

p p pi pu pe po

p p pi pu pe po

i u e o

i u e o

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i falls into the latter category below

pi pi i i

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Also notice how the vowel signs for u and o have slightly different shapes in these combo letter sets

pu

pu

o po

po

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Here are all their mini versions

p p

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Here we go again

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Piece of cake?

be

rt t u

bangle k

condition, stipulation ij

thief st

pupil, disciple i

place, location lkmi

sixth day of the lunar fortnight bei

Lakshmi, a Hindu goddess

garlic Thats all for now See you in the next part!

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End of Part Two

Typeset in Segoe UI (English & IPA) and Vagisha (Kannada) For more information on the Kannada script and its history http://www.omniglot.com/writing/kannada.htm

References: Baraha Antarajla Nighanu http://baraha.com/kannada/index.php Glosbe Kannada Hindi Dictionary http://glosbe.com/kn/hi/ Khandbahale, Sunil. Khandbahale.com http://www.khandbahale.com/kannada Spencer, Harold. A Kanarese Grammar http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/plc/kannada/ Kannada Wiktionary http://kn.wiktionary.org v2013-01-05 2012 Arvind Iyengar. All Rights Reserved.