PHYSICS 30 Conservation Laws - Practice Exam

Physics 30
Conservation Laws Practice Exam
SOLUTIONS
Numerical Response
1 2 3 4
9 7 2 3 9 9 3 1 5 2 3 2 2


CCCC CCCC CCC CCCC
CCC CCCC CCC CC
CCCC CCCCCC CCC
CCCC CCCC CCCC CCCC
CCCC CCCC CCC CCCC

CCC CCCC CCCC CCCC


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PHYSICS 30 Conservation Laws - Practice Exam
A. MACHINE SCORED
NR. 1 ME
Ti
+ W
F
= ME
Tf
KE
i
+ F d cos = KE
f
850 J + F (0.36 m) cos 180 = 500 J
F = 972 N Answer: 972
1. Since ME
Ti
= 850 J and ME
Tf
= 500 J, the total mechanical energy decreases.
Answer: B
NR. 2 ME
T
= KE + PE
g
= 0.5mv
2
+ mgh
= 0.5 (67 kg) (5 m/s)
2
+ (6.7 kg) (9.81 N/kg) (4.8 m)
= 3.99 10
3
J Answer: 3993
2. If the object loses 2.40 10
3
J of PE
g
, then it gains 2.40 10
3
J of KE.
KE = KE
f
KE
i
KE
f
= KE + KE
i
= KE + 0.5mv
i
2
= +2.40 10
3
J + 0.5 (67 kg) (5 m/s)
2
= 3237.5 J
KE
f
= 0.5 mv
f
2
3237.5 J = 0.5 (67.0 kg) v
f
2
v
f
= 9.83 m/s Answer: D
3. A Physics 30 students lists four characteristics of energetics.
Energy is a scalar, and so direction does not have to be taken into account.
Total energy is conserved throughout most physical situations (if mass remains constant).
Energy can never be negative, and so, calculations are straightforward.
When work is done on an object, the energy of the object always remains constant.
How many of these characteristics are correct?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
NR. 3 E
e
= 0.5 kx
2
2.46 J = 0.5 k (-0.18 m)
2
k = 152 N/m Answer: 152
4. PE
g

(max)
= 0.71 E
e
mgh
max
= 0.71 E
e
(0.37 kg) (9.81 N/kg) h
max
= 0.71 (2.46 J)
h
max
= 0.48 m
= 48 cm Answer: A
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PHYSICS 30 Conservation Laws - Practice Exam
5. Weight = mg
300 N = m (9.81 N/kg) m = 30.581 kg
W = E = PE
g

= PE
gf
PE
gi
= mgh
f
- mgh
i
= (30.581 kg) (9.81 N/kg) (1.28 m) - (30.581 kg) (9.81 N/kg) (0.75 m)
= 159 J
P = W / t = 159 J / 0.64 s = 248 W Answer: B
6. The concepts of momentum and inertia are very similar. Which of the following is NOT a
shared characteristic?
A. It is a measure of an objects resistance to changes in velocity.
B. It increases as the mass of the object increases.
C. The value is the same at rest or when the object is moving.
D. The value does not depend on gravitational field strength (i.e. gravity).
7. Impulse = Area
= 0.5 (24 10-2 s) (50 N) + (36 10-2 s) (50 N)
= 24 N s
Impulse = p
f
p
i
p
f
= Impulse + p
i
= 24 kgm/s + 0 = 24 kgm/s Answer: B
8. Ref: East is positive
p
T
= p
T

p
1
+ p
2
= p
1
+ p
2

m
1
v
1
+ m
2
v
2
= m
1
v
1
+ m
2
v
2

(2.0 kg) (5.0 m/s) + (3.0 kg) (-7.0 m/s) = (2.0 kg) (-4.0 m/s) + (3.0 kg) v
v = -1.0 m/s
= 1.0 m/s West Answer: A
9. Ref: Right is positive
p
2
= - p
1
p
2
- p
2
= - (-7000 kgm/s)
(150 kg) v - (150 kg) (82 m/s) = 7000 kgm/s
v = 129 m/s right Answer: C
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PHYSICS 30 Conservation Laws - Practice Exam
10. Since p
T
is fully horizontal, it is a simple calculation to find p
T
p
T
= p
T

= m
T
v
= (4.8 kg + 7.2 kg) (9.49 m/s)
= 1.1 102 kgm/s Answer: A
11.
Mass 1: RCS angle = 331 (-29) 29
y
1
= (76.8 kgm/s) sin 331
= -37.23 kgm/s y
1
p
1
= 76.8 kgm/s
29
y
T
= y
T

y
1
+ y
2
= 0
y
2
= 37.23 kgm/s
y
2
p
2
= 59.76 kgm/s
sin = opp / hyp
sin = 37.23 / 59.76
= 39 Answer: B
NR. 4 ME
Ti
= KE
1
+ KE
2
+ 0.5m
1
v
1
2
+ 0.5m
2
v
2
2
= 0.5 (4.8 kg) (16 m/s)
2
+ 0.5 (7.2 kg) (8.2 m/s)
2
= 862.4 J
ME
Tf
= KE
f
= 0.5 m
T
v
f
2
= 0.5 (12.0 kg) (9.49 m/s)
2
= 540.36 J
ME
lost
= ME
Ti
- ME
Tf
= -322 J
= -3.2 10
2
J Answer: 322
- 4 -
PHYSICS 30 Conservation Laws - Practice Exam
B. WRITTEN RESPONSE
WR #1.
Speed on impact (Ref h = Top of air mattress)
ME
Ti
+ W = ME
Tf
PE
gi
+ W = KE
f
mgh
i
+ W = 0.5mv
f
2
(82 kg) (9.81 N/kg) (17 m) - 4000 J = 0.5 (82 kg) v
f
2
v
f
= 15.4 m/s
Impulse on Person (Ref: Down is positive)
Impulse = m v = m (v
f
v
i
)
= (82.0 kg) (0 - 15.4 m/s)
= -1.26 10
3
N s
= 1.26 10
3
N s upwards
Why the air mattress reduces injuries
Based on F
net
= m v / t,
F
net
has an inverse relationship with time (assuming m v or impulse is constant)
The air bag increases the time for the momentum to decrease to zero.
Increasing the time will decrease the F
net
acting on the stunt person.
This reduces injuries.
WR #2.
Before explosion:
p
T
= 0 So, x
T
= 0; y
T
= 0
After explosion:
p
1
= 1911 kgm/s p
2
= 1320 kgm/s p
3
= 25 v
x
1
= 1911 kgm/s x
2
= 0 x
3
?
y
1
= 0 y
2
= -1320 kgm/s y
3
?
x
T
= x
T
y
T
= y
T

0 = 1911 + 0 = x
3
0 = 0 + (-1320 kgm/s) + y
3

x
3
= -1911 kgm/s y
3
= 1320 kgm/s
So,
(p
3
)
2
= (1911)
2
+ (1320)
2
p
3
= 2323 kgm/s p
3
= 25v
v
3
= 92.9 m/s 1320 kgm/s
tan = 1320 / 1911
= 34.6 N of W 1911 kgm/s
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