1.

0 Introduction:
My Bengal of gold, I love you Forever your skies, your air set my heart in tune As if it were a flute... What a quite have you spread at the feet of Banyan trees and along the banks of rivers There goes Bangladeshs national anthem. The culture of this subcontinent contributed directly in forming this Bengal as The land of gold. Thus cultural practices are prominent and important features of the living style of people in Bangladesh. The debate on life can go on forever without coming to a particular conclusion. Life goes on in a certain way in the rural areas and in another way in urban areas. The life struggle of the people in the rural areas and in the urban areas is very different. That's why it is not really a very good idea to put on some fancy thoughts regarding the rural life sitting in an urbanized atmosphere. It is an imperative to come out of the shell of urbanization and go to the rural areas if someone really wants to understand the rural life. . So this course was a true revelation; it was my encounter with the reality of rural life. I gained a varied set of experiences during our visit to the village Burundi. In this report we have tried to depict the most enlightening details that these experiences have taught us. To see the real situation and to have a true taste of the rural life, we went to village Golora (Modhya-para) in Manikganj district. The idea that we had regarding the village and the villagers was tested during this Live-in-Field Experience (LFE) program. Poorly constructed huts, people submerged in poverty, green & pleasant environment and some hardworking people-these are the ideas most city dwellers, like us, have regarding rural life. But it is not the case now-a-days. The picture of rural areas is changing and these changes are occurring quite rapidly. Through the LFE program the students here in Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), get an opportunity to know the rural life. This course introduces us to the rural life style and the related problems. It helps us to understand the people, their way of life, their sufferings, their needs and wants. This time it was a twelve-days trip organized by IUB at two districts of Bangladesh-Manikganj, Bogra, in joint collaboration with Proshika, Rural Development Academy (RDA) respectively. We went to

Proshika, Manikganj in the first slot. Our program started on 17th May 2011 and ended on 28st May2011.

1.1. Objective of the Report:

Bangladesh, as a rural and developing country, has been showing a trend of progress by going through the process of urbanization and industrialization. Since 70% of total population depends on agriculture for sustenance and employment, peasant economy is the main mode of production in Bangladesh. The large-scale migration of rural population to the urban centers made the systematic understanding and study of the village community imperatively essential for each and every concerned citizen of the country. The focus of our LFE (201) is also on this very objective. The purpose of LFE is manifold. One of the prime objectives of the study is to familiarize us with socio-economic condition of the villagers. Our lives in the cities are independent from those of villagers and therefore our only exposure to rural life is via this LFE program. It is important to gather both positive and negative social changes that have taken place since the liberation. The main study areas on which we are required to concentrate are: a) To get introduced with socio-economic realities of rural life. b) To gain experience of working with rural people in their traditional environment. c) To get the Health and Health Services of the village peoples. d) To get Economic condition of the rueal people. e) To learn the Education of weman Empowerment. f) To learn about our very own original culture and modes of production.

1.2. Scope of the Report

In this report we have focused some issues that are closely interlinked with the life of the rural population. Issues like - the social change process in village community, the infrastructures, the income level, the market and the distribution system for the incoming and outgoing products, health and health services and the factors that are affecting these issues both negatively and positively.

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1.3. Sources of data:

We collected data from two sources. Primary Source and Secondary Source

Primary Data:
We Colleted all the primary data from the villagers. For collecting information we servey the village and collect our necessary information amd after that this information we send to the server by my cell phone via internet services.

Secondary Data:
We collected our secondary data from and articles on rural life.

Proshika, journals and news bulletins, as well as various books, journals

1.4 Research Methodology:

The word, Methodology means A set or combination of methods or techniques which is used to perform a particular task. We use different methodologies to perform different tasks. What type of methodology would be used depends on the type of the assigned tasks or research. Through methodology, we try to reach our intended goals.The project was conducted by observing the daily activities of the villagers. I have also conducted a primary survey applying questionnaire method for collecting the necessary data from the villagers. The relevant data is collected from the primary sources and also from the secondary sources: By doing the cross check. Collecting data by using questionnaire survey. Finding the inside story of the health conditions. Observation through the total LFE period. 3 Live-in-Field Experience

 Open ended and closes ended questions. By interviewing both male & female villagers.

1.5 Limitations of the study:

We faced many problems while preparing this report and so the study was not free from limitations. The limitation acquainted with this report is given below.The problem that we suffered from most was the communication gap between the respondents and us. We found it difficult to improvise our questions in a way that would be understandable by the common villagers. Moreover, some of the females were afraid of talking with us, as we were outsiders. We got only 11 days, 4 hours each day, for our field-work which we believe was not adequate to carry out an extensive research on the assigned topic. Hot wave and High temperature also hampered our research work in the first three days. So in few occasions it could not be applied effectively. During our survey of the village we came across a lot of limitations. These are as follows: a. Time constrains b. Misinterpretation c. Non Co-operation by the respondents d. Illiteracy of the village people e. Lack of reliable data f. Use of local language g. Limited respondents

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2.0 Overview of Proshika:

It has been more than two decades since PROSHIKA, now one of the largest NGOs in Bangladesh, took its first step. Although the PROSHIKA development process started in a few villages of Dhaka and Comilla districts in 1975, the organization formally emerged in October, 1976. The name 'PROSHIKA' is an acronym of three Bangla words, which stand for training, education, and action. PROSHIKA is now in its phase VI five-year plan stepping into the new millennium. A constant analysis of the magnitude of poverty and its trends, the strategies effective for its reduction and eventual elimination, and their meticulous implementation has brought PROSHIKA where it is today. The central ethos, however, all the while remained the same---human development and empowerment of the poor who gradually stand tall to achieve freedom from poverty by themselves. Empowerment means that the poor are united and organized, become aware of the real causes of their impoverishment, develop leadership among themselves, mobilize their material resources, increase income and employment, develop capacities to cope with natural disasters, become functionally literate, take better care of their health, become engaged in environmental protection and regeneration, get elected in local government bodies and community institutions, and have better access to public and common property resources. Since its inception, PROSHIK A has been both a pioneer and practitioner of this holistic strategy of empowerment and has made a significant contribution to a modest reduction of poverty already achieved in Bangladesh.

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Picture: Proshika HRDC in Manikganj

2.1 Vision Statement :

PROSHIKA envisages a society in Bangladesh which is economically productive and equitable, socially just, environmentally sound, and genuinely democratic.

2.2 Mission Statement:

PROSHIKA's mission is to conduct an extensive, intensive, and participatory process of sustainable development through empowerment of the poor.

2.3 Objectives of Proshika:

PROSHIKA's objectives are: i) structural poverty alleviation; ii) environmental protection and regeneration; iii) improvement in women's status; iv) increasing people's participation in public institutions, and

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3.0 Introduction Of health:

In this perishable world health and environment are two most important factors. Health includes diet, fitness, nutrition, drugs and medications, mental and physical condition of people. On the other hand environment includes pollution, alternative flues, waste disposal, endangered species and natural hazard etc. In my analysis I can bring only the important aspect about health and environment, though this is a broad area to analysis and describe. The studies regarding health and environment in Modhya Para define the living quality of the villagers, and also concentrate on the health and environmental resources of the particular village. Through my analysis I found that a good number of the village people are now conscious about their health, because they are become more educated, more economically developed. But they are less conscious about environment. It is true that to lead a healthy life in a vigorous environment people of our country should strictly follow the rules of health and environment. Therefore in our assign village we also suggested the villages about some rules for instance hygienic way to live, sanitation, how to keep their environment fresh and clean etc. As we know, in life people have to face many problems, so we have to face and deal the problems in order to solve and create a better living condition.

3.1The meaning of Health:

HEALTH is a STATE of COMPLETE physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the ABSENCE of disease or infirmity

--WHO Constitution

The World Health Organization (WHO), said that health is "a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities." We should follow a Hygienic process to live a healthy life. Hygiene practices include bathing, brushing and flossing teeth, washing hands especially before eating,

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washing food before it is eaten, cleaning food preparation utensils and surfaces before and after preparing meals, and many others. This helps prevent infection and illness.

3.2 Health condition of 'Modho Para':

The overall health condition is very well. In my assign Para, I have found that large rate of villagers have good economical condition. Most of the people having nutritious food, less number of people cannot afford nutritious food. Villagers become aware about health and sanitation system. The majority is using tube-well water for drinking and cooking purpose. Ponds are mostly use for bathing and washing. Few villagers prefer only tube well water for drinking as well as washing and bathing. They try to avoid public health care center though the cost is comparatively low then public healthcare center. For better treatment they go to the public healthcare center. They rely less on local priest and homeopath. It seems that development in their education life also helps them to get a healthy life style.

3.3 Sources of Water:

Water is the reason for the beginning of life. I cannot think a day without water. Therefore every one is apprised of the importance of water in every life. This life saving water becomes the reason for death if people fail to choose the right source of water. Thats why it very important to choose the right source of water for different purposes. People of Modhya Para use water from different sources for different purposes. Since there is no pipeline water system in this area, it is easier for the people to reach water sources like Tubewell and ponds. Almost every house has its own tube-well. People use the water from the tubewell for drinking and domestic purpose. All people are using tube-well water for drinking and cooking but they tend to use pond water for washing and bathing. Its a very good sign for country like Bangladesh where people hardly have access to clean drinking water.

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Sources Of Water
100% 100% 100% 60% 50%
Tube-well Pond

68%

0% Drink Bathing

Figure 3.1: Sources and use of water

Analysis: On an average 100% people of this Para are using tube-well for drinking and cooking, 60% and 68% of people use tube-well water for bathing and washing purposes correspondently. Some time tube-well water also use for bathing and washing purpose.

Picture: different sources of water Findings: The village people are not aware of the necessities of the source of water. We found that few ponds are used simultaneously for bathing the cows and washing utensils. This is very much harmful for health because same utensils are used for eating purpose.

3.4 Sanitation:
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Sanitation is the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human contact with the hazards of wastes. Hazards can be either physical, microbiological, biological or chemical agents of disease. Wastes that can cause health problems are human and animal feces, solid wastes, domestic wastewater (sewage, sullage, greywater), and agricultural wastes. Hygienic means of prevention can be by using engineering solutions (e.g. sewerage and wastewater treatment), simple technologies (e.g. latrines, septic tanks), or even by personal hygiene practices (e.g. simple hand washing with soap). In early years, the sanitation facility was not good in Modhya Para. At present it seems villagers become conscious about their health and sanitation. Therefore almost every family have ring slab. Largest number of people using septic tank. I didnt find any hanging latrine, but we did saw few open latrines at that Para. They are also careful about keep themselves in a neat and clean environment. It is very good indication on their health and sanitation responsiveness. Surprising factors I have found out that the people who live in concrete house most of them build latrines inside the house. Also they have an intention to design their brick-build latrines with tiles instead just build with brick and tin.

Septic Tank 44%

Ring Slab 56%

Figure 3.2: Pie chart on sanitation system

Analysis: At Modhya Para 56% people are using ring slab and 44% people are using septic tank latrine. Only short number of people some time tends to use those passing by open latrines. We didnt find any pit latrine and hanging latrine. 10 Live-in-Field Experience

Picture: Toilet facilities

The local NGOs helped people to increase their watchfulness about health and hygiene. They provide several free ring-slabs. They took all basic measures to educate people about their health and hygiene. The whole sanitary system of Sha Para is really good. People are very much aware of proper sanitation.

3.5 Vaccination:
Vaccines work with the immune system's, which is able to recognize and destroy foreign proteins (antigens) that it determines are "nonself." The village mothers are very aware about their children, especially in case of vaccination. They gave almost every vaccine to their children except hepatitis B; probably the reason could be it is an expensive vaccine and their lack of proper knowledge. At present time they are developing knowledge about Hepatitis B, so it is expected that in near future the given rate of Hepatitis B will be increase.

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Picture: Vaccination for children

Vaccinations Provided To Children

120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Polio Diphtheria Whooping Cough Measels Tetanus BCG

Figure 3.3: Vaccination provided to child in Modho Para Analysis: The above chart shows us that 100% children have given the vaccine of Polio, Diphtheria, Whooping cough, Tetanus, Measles and Tuberculosis. But the villagers have no broad idea about Hepatitis B. I have found only one person who gave her child the vaccine of Hepatitis B; therefore the percentage of Hepatitis B is only 4%.

3.6 Family Planning:

Family planning is the planning of when to have children and the use of birth control and other techniques to implement such plans. It is most usually applied to a female, to maintain the number of children the couple wishes to have and/or to control the timing of pregnancy (also

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known as spacing children). To create this awareness local NGOs, Government health care centers and private health care centers played a valuable role.

3.7 Family Planning Method:

We discovered that women are much more aware then men. They take birth control pill, injection (DMPA). The use of pill is to a large extent because it is available and not expensive. Male does not want to use condom, because of they have less mutual understanding and also few villagers dont have any idea about it.

Condom 4%

Family planning

Pill 84%

Injection 12%

Figure 3.4: Family planning Analysis Above chart shows us majority are using pill which is 84%, 12% use injection and only 4% are using condom.

3.8 Place for treatment:

People of Goloragram village have to suffer much, as the public clinic is so far from their village. For most of the common diseases like fever and cough they take suggestion from the local pharmacy. They have less believe on local priest and homeopath. So very few people go there to get treatment.

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Patient Type

Diseases

Place For Treatment

PERCENTAGE

ADULT

SKIN DISEASES
Diabetes Gastric

Private/Local Pharmacy
Private/Local Pharmacy Local Pharmacy Local Pharmacy Local Pharmacy

24% 16% 20% 10% 40%

ULCER
Body Pain Diarrhea Dysentery Jaundice Fever

COMMON

Private/Government/Local Pharmacy

40% 4% 4% 28%

PRIVATE/GOVERNMENT/LOCAL PHARMACY
Private Clinic

Worm Private Clinic/Local Pharmacy Local Pharmacy Malnutrition Anemia Ophalmia Local Pharmacy/Private Clinic Local Pharmacy/Private Clinic Local Pharmacy/Private Clinic

24%

FEMALE

42% 33% 25%

Table 1 : Shows us the diseases types, place for treatment and the percentages. (Source: Field Survey, summer 2010) Analysis People of Modho Para prefer private clinic more than public clinic for skin diseases, diabetes and jaundice etc. For fever, diarrhea and body pain etc, they prefer local pharmacy. Though they have less believe on local priest and homeopath, villagers sometime follow their implication concerning quite a few child and female diseases.

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3.9 Categories of Health Care Center Respondents Usually Visit:

The following table will show the village peoples attitude towards various kinds of treatment facilities they get:

Category of health care center

a. Govt. Hospital c. Local NGO health worker e. Private doctor 16% 4% 16% 8% 52% b. Local public health worker d. Kobiraj f. Homeopath

4%

Figure3.5: Distribution of the Respondents according to the category of health care center they visit.

Analysis:
There have two part in this chapter, first part is Golora Community Clinic and second part is Utilization of health care facilities.We surveyed 25 families about the problems related to overall health care services in the village or near the village. From the above table we can notice that most of the villagers (52%) visited Government hospital in Manikgonj, Manikgonj Sodhor Haspatal. Government health care is the lowest cost of them so villagers usually visited that hospital. Only 4% people visited local health care centre (Golora Community Clinic) because most of the time that clinic is closed and no doctor is available there. Villagers are quite anxious about the condition of the clinic. During our survey time we found that there is no employee in that clinic and it was closed. They already informed the authority about this serious problem. But Government does not take any initiative for this problem. Local chairman ensure people to open that clinic but in reality nothing happened. From the following picture we can easily notice that closed Golora Community Clinic.

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Picture: Golora Community Clinic And Manikgonj Sodhor Haspatal

The local NGO health workers help a lot to the pregnant women, a good number of respondents (16%) get the advice and care from the local NGO health workers. They are also very pleased about the activities of the NGO health worker. We found a private doctor in the local Bazar. He is not popular because people easily get treatment from the Government hospital (Manikgonj Sodhor Haspatal) which is not far away from Manijgonj. A small numbers of respondents (8%) go to Homeopath because of their believes to the Homeopathy treatments. Rests of the respondents (4%) go to Kobiraj and Herbal treatment for their health problem, which is also harmful for health.

We can see that villagers suffer from fever, cough, cough with rapid breath and other kinds of small diseases but they usually ignore these diseases so they do not bother to consult with the doctors for these kinds of diseases. If they face serious diseases like Typhoid, Diarrhea, Dysentery, Jaundice, Heart disease and Asthma they visited the doctors for consultancy and medicines. As most of respondents suffer from fever they do not consult with doctors for that disease. We notice one thing that Respondents usually go to Govt. hospital in case of major health problem. For minor problem they get the services of private doctors because it is nearer to them. From the picture we can see a SMC BLUE STAR CENTRE where SMC trained physician is giving family planning injections. This SMC BLUE STAR is very popular among the villagers.

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Picture: A Billboard showing SMC's 'Blue-Star'Center

3.10 Problems Related to Health Care Center:

People of Modhya Para in Goloragram village prefer private clinic and local pharmacy more then public health care center because of the limitations. One of the most major limitation is the public health care center is far from the village. Though public health care center is cost effective, still people prefer private centers. Because they have the security to get better treatment and well facilities from public health care.
80% 70% Not closer to home Transports are not available Timing of the clinic is not suitable 60% 50% 40% 30% Staf f s/Service providers are not f riendly Facility is not clean Waiting hours are too long Medicine cost is too high Medicine is not available Of f ers no privacy Others

20% 10% 0%

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Figure 3.6: Distribution of the Respondents according to the problems related to the Government Health care service. Analysis From the 25 families we found different opinion. Overall they are pleased with the service of the Government health care. From our sample size 68% of the villagers ranked the problem of waiting hours of the Government hospital because people of entire Manikjong came to visit that place. The procedure of the govt. institution is that when a patient goes to the hospital he or she needs to collect a ticket from the counter. After that he or she needs to wait to see doctor. But when a patient is sick he cannot wait long. As a result it becomes a problem. So they have to wait for long time. Secondly 64% people believed that staff or services provider of the hospital are not friendly. I think they have to handle lots of patience to it is very difficult to looks after all the patience. Then 56%respondents talked about the medicine cost. Govt. hospitals are supposed to provide medicines at cheaper price and sometimes at free of cost. But sometimes they do not provide it. So, the even the poor villagers do not go to them. Next ranked problem is facilities which are not cleaned 44%ranked that problem. Because of the lack of infrastructure hospital authority cannot maintain the hospital neat and clean. Then 40% respondents talked about the availability of medicines and the timing of the clinic. But from our point of view Medicines are available here. Villagers can easily buy all kinds of medicines from Koita Bazar. There are many medicines shop in all over Golora. From our point villagers can easily acquired medicines from the medicines shop. From the picture we can see a medicine shop which is located on Koita Bazar.

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Picture: Dispensary About 28% people talked about the problem related to Government health care services close to the village. 16% respondents talked about the privacy and adequate space.12% people talked about the transportation problem. From their view transport id very much available there. Only 8% respondents talked about other problems.

3.11 Findings and Suggestions:

Beyond questionnaire survey we also do some qualitative survey in our selected of village Golora-Modhya para in Manikganj .We mention these findings and implications as bellows: Local NGOs are influencing villagers to make vaccination on the time. They also informed villagers about family planning programs. People of this village do not like to visit their physician for small diseases. But they should consult with doctors because Government hospital is very near to the village. Some poor villagers are very dependent on Kobiraj because they have to pay less. This kind of Herbal treatment that is a bad indicator of proper health.

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 Human diseases comes out mostly in the month of Paush-Mag, Bhadra-Ashin, FalgunChaitra. During winter season (Paush-Mag) villagers suffer from flue. At the end of the winter small pox comes out. In the Bhadra-Ashin villagers suffer from diarrhea because of very hot weather. Some villagers do not aware of the vaccination program. They do not like NGOs activities as they called them non Muslim organizations. Although the people of this village use ring slab for sanitation but they are not always affordable to build the toilet. So most of the time it is open and the flies carry the germs that are harmful to health.

04. Education and Acknowledgement about Health:

The Health and Physical Education domain provides students with knowledge, skills and behaviours to enable them to achieve a degree of autonomy in developing and maintaining their physical, mental, social and emotional health. This domain focuses on the importance of a healthy lifestyle and physical activity in the lives of individuals and groups in our society. This domain is unique in having the potential to impact on the physical, social, emotional and mental health of students. It promotes the potential for lifelong participation in physical activity through the development of motor skills and movement competence, health-related physical fitness and sport education. Engaging in physical activity, games, sport and outdoor recreation contributes to a sense of community and social connectedness. These are vital components of improved wellbeing. Students involvement in physical activity can take many forms, ranging from individual, noncompetitive activity through to competitive team games. Emphasis is placed on combining motor skills and tactical knowledge to improve individual and team performance. Students progress from the development of basic motor skills to the performance of complex movement patterns that form part of team games. They learn how developing physical capacity in areas such as strength, flexibility and endurance is related to both fitness and physical performance.

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4.1 Need to Higher Education:

Typically two types of positions health educators hold including academic, or faculty or health educator in a student health service or wellness center. As a faculty member, the health educator typically has three major responsibilities: teaching, community and professional service, and scholarly research. As a health educator in a university health service or wellness center, the major responsibility is to plan, implement, and evaluate health promotion and education programs for program participants. In our country the total Health care service is really poor. In some metropolitan city, there have some good Government Hospital, Private clinic and also some good private practitioners. Only the people who are in that metropolitan city, they got the modern medical health care facility. But rest of country's people, specially the rural people who lived in village, doesn't get sufficient health care facility. Because most of the people in our country are out of Government Health care service.

4.2 Need observe the work site health promotion:

It is a combination of educational, organizational and environmental activities designed to improve the health and safety of employees and their families. These work site wellness programs offer an additional setting for health educators and allow them to reach segments of the population that are not easily reached through traditional community health programs. Some work site health promotion Some work site health promotion activities include; smoking cessation, stress management, bulletin boards, newsletters, and much more.

4.3 Analyze how messages from media influence health behaviors:

Different types of media can influence the village people to aware of some deases, Media r the very common an easy waay by which the message perceiver to the people they plays the vital roll to the society.During diseases, many people look else where for health care. In the area, patient with acute illness in the village 13% people went to Government Hospital, 3% to Homeopathy, and 3% to other places for treatment like pharmacy, Religious doctor, or got treatment or health care information from NGO's field worker. But the appreciating face is that no body went to kobiraj. That shows the impact of the literacy. We found that some people went to dispensary or pharmacy and religious doctors. But that is frequently in effective or dangerous. Some people get their health service via NGO's field workers (health). This organization is helpful for rural people. Even those is urban areas are often forced to use private services. While most people suffer when health services are in adequate, some of the must victims are Women. Women die needlessly each day as a result of complications in childbirth - because they do not receive emergency obstetric care. They lack of care results to some extent from mother

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ignorance or even indifference on the part of husbands or mother-in-law who do not affricate the dangers or don't know what can be done to save the mothers life.

4.4 Health care program in Bangladesh:

The government of Bangladesh since independence has been investing substantially in institutionalization and strengthening of health service in the country, going special attention to the vast population that have been in the provision of Primary Health Care (PHC) services which has been recognized as a key approach to attain health for all by the year 2000(FA/2000AD). Bangladesh have accepted the goal and reiterated firm political and social commitment to achieve it bases on the primary Health Strategy declared in Alma-Ata in 1978.the government of Bangladesh is also committed to achieve the overall objectives of World summit for children.Since independence, no comprehensive national program has been formulated by any of the successive governments. The government has now given the highest priority to the formulation of a national health policy. Government start new program like Sobuj chataa(Green Umbrella), Smiling sun, Satellite clinic, Thana Health complexes and others.

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5.0 Conclusion:
The live-in-field experience is an appreciable visit because we the students go to village very rarely. The people of that village may not be well off, but they were simple and honest. They have been very co-operative and friendly towards us. They helped us willingly and with their cooperation. Through the study of village Goloragram we got some idea about levels of poverty, educational condition, agricultural condition, environmental condition, health care facilities, NGO activities, and most of all the economic condition of the villagers. Within limited time we tried My best to collect information. After all analysis from the available data we found that the villagers are not get proper health care facility. In Birastail there have no established health care center. But the villagers are very health conscious. They take care of their kids about immunization. There have a positive side we found that in the schools the children got the basic information about health At the end of all my observation it can be said that if the government of Bangladesh think about the progress of the villagers they should take some steps for providing facilities for health sector in Golora (Modhya para), so that all the villagers health condition may improved. Here the government may take following steps. To ensure the more facility the community Health Clinic. To provide two ambulance for serious patient. Increase the field worker in health sector. Setup a Sobuz Chata or a Smiling Sun health care center. Doing more promotional activity. At last, I can say that its a great pleasure to us to be a part of LFE Summer 2011.

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6.0 Findings and Recommendations :

Some significant facts were found in the Para when it had been observed for study. Those were as follow: The Para were neglected by the government and union porishod. Not much government subsidized infrastructure built here over time. The income class that had been identified is not standard compared to the general scenario of Bangladesh. Families except road side, the tenants were living from hand to mouth. The people who lived near the road, they came recently to that Para. They bought the land from the needy people and built there concrete houses in that Para. Now a day, the real inhabitants were suppressed and they were being pushed to the river side. The people were aware of consequences of not using sanitary latrine. But unfortunately they were not using this. Because they were not yet habituated. The most fateful thing was in that Para that boys and girls couldnt continue the secondary education after completion of primary education although they were willing to continue further more. But they couldnt because of financial problem. NGOs activities had increased there. But workers of one NGO didnt let other NGOs workers to work in the area. They unofficially divided there area of work. .

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