PH DETERMINATION

J.R.A. Ibale
INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY, COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, DILIMAN QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES
DATE PERFORMED: JANUARY 25, 2013
INSTRUCTORS NAME: MARO PEA

REFERENCES
Petrucci, R.H., et al. General Chemistry, 10th Ed . 2010.
APPENDICES
CALCULATIONS
A. pH Measurement of Solutions
1. Distilled water
pH: 6.01
pOH: 14 pH = 7.99
[H3O+] = 10-pH = 9.77 x 10-7 M
[OH-] = 10-pOH = 1.02 x 10-8 M

6. 0.10 M NaHCO3
pH: 9.36
pOH: 14 pH = 4.64
[H3O+] =10-pH = 4.37 x 10-10 M
[OH-] = 10-pOH = 2.29 x 10-5 M

2. 0.10 M H3PO4
pH: 1.96
pOH: 14 pH = 12.04
[H3O+] = 10-pH = 0.011 M
[OH-] = 10-pOH = 9.12 x 10-13 M

7. 1.0 x 10-8 M HCl

pH: 7.15
pOH: 14 pH = 6.85
[H3O+] =10-pH = 7.08 x 10-8 M
[OH-] = 10-pOH = 1.41 x 10-7 M

3. 0.10 M NaH2PO4
pH: 4.58
pOH: 14 pH = 9.42
[H3O+] = 10-pH = 2.63 x 10-5 M
[OH-] = 10-pOH = 3.80 x 10-10 M

8. 1.0 x 10-8 M NaOH

pH: 7.03
pOH: 14 pH = 6.97
[H3O+] =10-pH = 9.33 x 10-8 M
[OH-] = 10-pOH = 1.07 x 10-7 M

4. 0.10 M Na2HPO4
pH: 9.26
pOH: 14 pH = 4.74
[H3O+] =10-pH = 5.50 x 10-10 M
[OH-] = 10-pOH = 1.82 x 10-5 M

9. 0.10 M ethylenediamine
pH: 10.23
pOH: 14 pH = 3.77
[H3O+] =10-pH = 5.89 x 10-11 M
[OH-] = 10-pOH = 1.70 x 10-4 M

5. 0.10 M Na3PO4
pH: 12.28
pOH: 14 pH = 1.72
[H3O+] =10-pH = 5.25 x 10-13 M
[OH-] = 10-pOH = 0.02 M

10. 0.10 M NH4CH3COO

pH: 7.10
pOH: 14 pH = 6.90
[H3O+] =10-pH = 7.94 x 10-8 M
[OH-] = 10-pOH = 1.26 x 10-7 M

B. pH and Degree of Ionization of Solutions

Note: SA (Strong Acidsdissociate completely)
SB (Strong Basesdissociate completely)
= %ionization =

WA (Weak Acid)
WB (Weak Base)

x 100%

1. 0.10 M HCl
SA
HCL H+ + ClpH = -log(0.10 M) = 1
= 100%
2. O.10 M HNO3 SB
HNO3 H+ + NO3pH = -log(0.10 M) = 1
= 100%
3. O.10 M CH3COOH

WA

Table 1. ICE Table for CH3COOH Dissociation

CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(aq) CH3COO-(aq) + H3O+(aq)
Initial
Change
Equilibrium
Ka =

x=

][

0.1
-x
0.1-x
]

-+x
+x

-+x
+x

= 1.8 x 10-5 =

) = 1.341640786 M = [H3O+]

pH = -log[H3O+] = 2.87
[
]
=
= 1.31%
4. 0.10 M H3PO4 WA
Table 1. ICE Table for CH3COOH Dissociation
H3PO4(aq) + H2O(aq) H2PO4-(aq) + H3O+(aq)
Initial
Change
Equilibrium

0.1
-x
0.1-x

Ka =
= 7.1 x 10-3
x2 + 7.1 x 10-3(x) - 7.1 x 10-3(0.10 M) = 0
x = 0.023331266 M = [H3O+]
pH = -log(0.023331266 M) = 1.63

-+x
+x

-+x
+x

5. 0.10 M NaOH SB
NaOH(aq) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
pOH = -log [OH-] = 1
pH = 14 pOH = 13
= 100%
6. 0.10 M KOH SB
KOH(aq) K+(aq) + OH-(aq)
pOH = -log [OH-] = 1
pH = 14 pOH = 13
= 100%
7. 0.10 M NH3

WB

Table 2. ICE Table for CH3COOH Dissociation

NH3
Initial
Change
Equilibrium

H2O

0.1
-x
0.1-x

Kb = 1.8 x 10-5
[OH-] =
(
pOH = - log [OH-] = 2.87

NH4+

-+x
+x

OH-+x
+x

) = 1.341640787 x 10-3 M

pH = 14 pOH = 11.13
[
]
= [ ]
= 1.31%
8. 0.10 M NaCl Neutral Salt
Note: Salt of HCl (SA) and NaOH (SB) salt of neutralization rxn
H+ + OH- H2O(l)
pH = 7.00
9. 0.10 M NH4CH3COO Neutral Salt
Note: Salt of NH3 (Kb = 1.8 x 10-5) and CH3COOH (Ka = 1.8 x 10-5) salt of neutralization rxn
H+ + OH- H2O(l)
pH = 7.00
10. 0.10 M NH4Cl Acidic Salt
Table 3. ICE Table for Hydrolysis of NH4+
NH4+
Initial
Change
Equilibrium

0.1
-x
0.1-x

H2O NH3
-+x
+x

H3O+
-+x
+x

Kb = 1.8 x 10-5
Ka =

= 5.56 x 10-10 =

[H3O+] = 7.456540753 x 10-6 M

pH = -log (7.456540753 x 10-6 M) = 5.13
[
]
=
= 0.007%
[

11. 0.10 M NaH2PO4

Acidic Salt (of a Polyprotic Acid; Ampholyte)
H2PO4-(aq) + H2O H3PO4(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ka1 = 7.1 x 10-3 (H3PO4)
Ka2 = 6.3 x 10-8 (H2PO4-)
[H3O+] =
= 2.1149 x 10-5 M
pH = - log [H3O+] = 4.67
12. 0.10 M Na2HPO4
Basic Salt (of a Polyprotic Acid; Ampholyte)
HPO42-(aq) + H2O H2PO4-(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ka1 = 6.3 x 10-8 (H2PO4-)
Ka2 = 4.2 x 10-13 (HPO42-)
-7
Kb1 = 1.5873 x 10
Kb2 = 0.02381
[OH-] =
= 6.1476 x 10-5 M
pOH = -log [OH-] = 4.21
pH = 9.79
13. 0.10 M Na3PO4

Basic Salt

Table 4. ICE Table for Hydrolysis of PO43PO43Initial

Change
Equilibrium

H2O

0.1
-x
0.1-x

Ka = 4.2 x 10-13
Kb =
x2 +

= 0.02380952381 =

Kbx Kb(0.10 M) = 0
x = 0.038321483 = [OH-]
pOH = -log[OH-] = 1.42
pH = 14 pOH = 12.58

HPO42-+x
+x

OH-+x
+x

14. 0.10 NaCH3COO

Acidic Salt

Table 4. ICE Table for Hydrolysis of CH3COOCH3COOInitial

Change
Equilibrium

+ H2O

CH3COOH + OH-

0.1
-x
0.1-x

-+x
+x

-+x
+x

Ka = 1.8 x 10-5
Kb =

= 5.56 x 10-10 =

x= (
) = 7.453559925 x 10-6 M = [OH-]
pOH = -log[OH ] = 5.13
pH = 14 pOH = 8.87
[
]
=
= 0.007%
[

15.

0.10 M NaHCO3
Basic Salt (of a Polyprotic Acid; Ampholyte)
HCO3-(aq) + H2O H2CO3(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ka1 = 4.4 x 10-7 (H2CO3)
Ka2 = 4.7 x 10-11 (HCO3-)
[H+] =
= 4.5475268 x 10-9 M
pH = -log[H+] = 8.34

16. 1.0 x 10-8 HCl

Higly Diluted Strong Acid

Table 4. ICE Table for Autoionization of H2O

H2O
Initial
Change
Equilibrium

H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)

1.0 x 10-8
+x
1.0 x 10-8+x

-+x
+x

Kw = (1.0 x 10-8 + x)x = 1.0 x 10-14

x2 + 1.0 x 10-8 x Kw = 0
x = 9.512492197 x 10-8 M
[H3O+] = 1.0 x 10-8 + x = 1.05124922 x 10-7 M
pH = -log[H3O+] = 6.98

17. 1.0 x 10-8 M NaOH

Highly Diluted Strong Base

Table 5. ICE Table for Autoionization of H2O

H2O
Initial
Change
Equilibrium

H3O+(aq) +
-+x
+x

OH-(aq)

1.0 x 10-8
+x
1.0 x 10-8+x

Kw = (1.0 x 10-8 + x)x = 1.0 x 10-14

x2 + 1.0 x 10-8 x Kw = 0
x = 9.512492197 x 10-8 M = [H3O+]
pH = -log[H3O+] = 7.02
18. 0.10 M ethylenediamine (H2NC2H4NH2)

Weak Base (Organic; Amine)

H2NC2H4NH2 + H2O H3NC2H4NH2 + OHH3NC2H4NH2 + H2O H3NC2H4NH3 + OH-

Kb1 = 8.0 x 10-5

Kb2 = 9.0 x 10-8

Table 4. ICE Table for Hydrolysis of CH3COOH2NC2H4NH2 + H2O H3NC2H4NH2 + OHInitial

Change
Equilibrium

0.1
-x
0.1-x

-+x
+x

-+x
+x

Kb1 =
x=

) = 2.828427125 x 10-3 M = [OH-]

pH = 14 -log[OH-] = 11.45
[
]
=[
= 2.8% (In this calculation, it has been initially assumed that all
]
H3O+ came from the first ionization of ethelynediamine)