Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources: Anzaldua, Gloria. "STANDARDS: Gloria Anzaldua, "On Changing Identity"" Changing Identity. Ed.

Canela A. Jaramillo. Standards International Culture Studies, 1991. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. In this interview, Gloria Anzaldua discusses how her identity changed throughout the course of her career, and as well as in the Chicana movement. She also suggests that each of us is constantly changing our identity due to our changing environment. Arredondo, Gabriela F. Chicana Feminisms: A Critical Reader. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2003. Print. This book is a collection of essays and poetry by multiple Chicana feminists. Though many of the authors discussed the importance of the movement, each Chicana had a unique perspective and situation, which significantly altered their individual perceptions regarding the movement. This source was invaluable as it provided an abundance of primary accounts. Askew, Jo Anne. Personal interview. 25 Jan. 2013. Mrs. Askew's interview was good for providing a more general view of women as a whole before any of the feminist movements. Even though Mrs. Askew is not a Chicana her interview was vital as it was a counterargument of the positive benefits of Feminist Movement.. Blackwell, Maylei. Chicana power!: contested histories of Feminism in the Chicano movement. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2011. Print. Professor Blackwells is a book about the history of Chicana feminism. It provided to us an in depth study on the National Hispanic Conference, which is what we have decided was our focused turning point. Blea, Irene I. "CU Voices: From Welfare to a Ph.D." Alumni Association. Ed. Christine Sounart. The University of Colorado Boulder, Mar. 2012. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. Irene Blea, in this resource, recounts her experiences as a young Chicana who was struggling to find her purpose. She discusses how the social tension of that time period motivated her to write.

Blea, Irene I. "Irene I. Blea, Ph.D. - Writing Like a Cultural Warrior - Articles and Creative Writings from Native Educators." Gathering of Nations. Gathering of Nations, 26 Apr. 2010. Web. 20 Jan. 2013 Irene Blea in this essay Writing Like a Cultural Warrior, contends that minorities should write about their experiences, because if written by someone else those experiences and hardships may be misconstrued. "Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza [Paperback]." Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza: Gloria Anzalda: 9781879960749: Amazon.com: Books. N.p.,n.d Web. 22 January 2013. This book was great at providing context according to a feminist who was actually in the movement. It provided great insight into the reality of the Chicanas before and during the movement. Cantor, Esther. "21-Year Old Girl Leads Exas Pecan Workers." Daily Worker [New York City] 28 June 1938: n. pag. Print. This article was invaluable as it was an earlier record of a Chicana who was politically active in her community. Emma Tenayuca was the leader of Pecan Strikers, this was significant as it was very rare for women to be voicing their opinions in such a bold manner. We primarily used this source to place Chicana Feminism in context with earlier political occurrences related to Chicanas. Friedan, Betty. The Feminine Mystique. New York: W.W. Norton, 1963. Print. This explosive and controversial book provided an insight of the gender inequality that was present in society; it was an overarching perspective on the general Feminist movement. We primarily used this resource to understand the social context in which the Chicana Feminist movement was occurring. Garc a, lma . Chicana Feminist Thought: The Basic Historical Writings. New York: Routledge, 1997. Print. This resource was compromised of essays and poetry; it was especially helpful because these essays were accounts of certain historical events such as the First National Chicana Conference. Many of the essayists discussed the culture in the Mexican American community, which was vital to fully understand the social hardship of the Chicanas. Gutierrez, Jose Angel. "Tejano Voices." Tejano Voices. University of Texas at Arlington, n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2013. This is a database of interviews with many Chicano and Chicana leaders in Texas. We were able to view multiple interviews from Chicanas who were active within not only the Chicano/a movement, but also in their communities.

Hershorn, Tad. "La Raza Unida: Can it Survive?". Dallas Morning News 26 Sept. 1976. This newspaper article gave us a view of how La Raza Unida Party was percieved during its existence. This article talked about some of the large obstacles the party faced. This source helped us obtain important facts about La Raza Unida.

Maria Elena Martinez & Luz Bazan Gutierrez on La Raza Unida and Beyond. Perf. Maria Elena Martinez and Luz Basan Gutierrez. Blip. ZGraphix, 14 July 2012. Web. 19 Jan. 2013. This is a radio interview with Maria Elena Martinez and Luz Bazan Gutierrez, who were both actively involved politically in the La Raza Unida Party and Mujeres Por La Raza. They discussed the obstacles they experienced as they struggled to garner support from the community. Martinez, Maria Elena. The Political Legacy of January 2013. aria Elena artinez. E-mail Interview. 12

This email interview was very helpful on our prominent figures page and the La Raza Unida page. She provided much information about her life and her position in the La Raza Unida Party. Ms. Martinez also talked about Chicana Feminism in general and its impact on the world and womens current role in 2013. Munoz, Celia. Personal interview. 7 Feb. 2013. Mrs. Munoz's interview was especially insightful in providing a Chicana artist point of view of the Movement. It also provided a perspective on how a Chicana artist, who was a woman, was accepted into the art world in general. "Raza Unida Party Platform Resolutions." Raza Unida Party [San Antonio] 30 Oct. 1971: n. pag. Print. This primary resource was an official list of the Raza Unidas party resolutions. We used this source to understand the political stances of this party, which in turn helped us to better understand the political placement of the Chicanas within the political party. Sandoval, Anna Marie. Toward A Latina Feminism of the Americas. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2008. Print. This book gave us an insight on certain works of literature written by and about Chicanas. They helped us understand what challenges and obstacles some Chicanas had to face in their lives. This source also proved to be very useful in that it revealed the progress Chicanas have made throughout the decades.

Tenopia, Tia. "YOLANDA LOPEZ IN HER OWN WORDS." Latinopiacom YOLANDA LPEZ IN HER OWN WORDS Comments. Latinopia, 6 Mar. 2010. Web. 19 Jan. 2013. Yolanda Lopez, a prominent artist, discusses in this interview her inspiration for painting the three part series of the Virgin de Guadalupe Paintings. We used multiple quotes from this interview to explain the three paintings. Secondary Sources: Bella Abzug convenes National Womens Conference in Houston. This Week in History. Jwa.org. Web. 15 January 2013. We drew a quote from Bella Abzug in her opening speech as presiding officer at the National Womens Conference in 1977, and also much information about the conference itself from this website. bzugs quote really gave us an idea about what the conference was all about. The facts about the conference also helped us grasp important concepts. Caldern, Roberto. RE National Chicana Feminism. Email to ubrey Harrington. 12 November 2012. The email from Dr. Caldern provided us with a couple of additional books that we might read to get a more broad perspective on the movement. This email gave us other ideas on the context of the movement, and books to give us details. Cherrie Moraga. University of Minnesota. Voices.cla.umn.edu. Web. 2 January 2013. This website included a biography of a prominent Chicana feminist, Cherrie Moraga. It included much information about her life and influential works. After viewing this website, we knew for sure we wanted Cherrie Moraga on our prominent figures page. Cherrie Moraga Back for New Fire. BWW News Deck. Sanfrancisco.broadwayworld.com. Web. 15 January 2013. This website provided a picture of Cherrie Moraga that we included on our prominent figures page. There was also information about her being honored for one of the plays shed written. "Chicanas.com Again....." Chicanas.com redesign. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2012. This website provided a compilation of some of the prominent figures in the Chicana Feminism Movement. It gave us short biographies over women that we will be using on our website, it also provided some context to their lives after the movement.

Chicana Feminism. By Olivia Smith. 2002. English.emory.edu. Web. 6 December,2012. This source widened our knowledge of Chicana Feminism and of some their opinions of controversial issues, such as abortion. This website also introduced us to the term herstory, which gave us an even greater respect and realization of how powerful of a turning point in history Chicana Feminsim truly was. The websites Chicana Feminism section also portrayed the goals and effects of the Chicano National Movement and the White Feminist ovement, neither of which Chicanas were given much consideration. The Chicano Movement: Brown and Proud. By Nadra Nittle. Racerelations.about. Web. 18 November 2012. <http://www.racerelations.about.com>. This website provided crucial historic facts relating to the Chicano Movement. The detail in this website helped us to gain an even more in-depth understanding of the history of Chicano Movement and how it related to Chicanas. It also highlighted what a huge turning point Chicana Feminism really was considering the precursory events leading up to it, like the Chicano Movement. Conceptos y opiniones. By Leslie Palomera. 2010. Lesliepalomera.blogspot. Web. 20 December 2012. <http://www.lesliepalomera.blogspot.com>. From this website, we found a picture commonly associated with Chicana Feminism. We placed this image at the top of our Chicana Feminism tab so it could be one of the first things seen on the page. This picture portrays the strength and bravery of Chicanas standing up for their rights. Congresswoman Barbara Jordan Speaking at the National Womens Conference. By Dorothy Marder. Jwa.org. Web. 15 January 2013. <http://www.jwa.org>. From this website, we obtained a picture of Barbara Jordan speaking at the National Womens Conference of 1977. This picture shows Congresswoman Jordans passion as she addresses the thousands of women present at the conference. Bella Abzug is also in this photo smiling up encouragingly at Jordan. "Elma Barrera Biography." Meet the Team. ABC 13, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. This source is a biography of Elma Barrera, she was the First Hispanic television reporter of Houston, who organized the First National Chicana Conference of 1971. This source mentioned her prominent role within the community. Fischer, Cathy. Sisters of 77. Pbs.org. Web. 15 January 2013. <http://www.pbs.org>. On this website, we acquired a picture of three women holding a lit torch representing enlightenment. We especially liked this image because three ethnicities are represented here: Hispanic, Caucasian, and African American. It shows that women from different cultures united at the National Womens Conference of 1977.

Freeman, Jo. Celebrate Womens History Month. Sneaks.wordpress.com. Web. 15 January 2013. This website provided an image of Bella Abzug, Rosalynn Carter, Betty Ford, Lady Bird Johnson, Linda Johnson Robb, Maya Angelou, and Coretta Scott King reciting the Pledge of llegiance at the 1977 Houston Womens Conference. This historic photo gave us chills and helped us realize the importance of the conference. Guidotti-Hernandez, Nicole. "Where Were the Chicana Feminists? Right Here." Ms. Magazine Blog. Ms. Magazine, 15 Sept. 2011. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. This source recounts the presence of Chicanas within in the Feminist movement, though they were not acknowledged. The author asserts that the Chicanas were a vital component of the general Feminist movement. Henry, Diana. The March into the National Womens Conference. Jwa.org. Web. 15 January 2013. We found an amazing picture on this website of lines of women, together in hand, marching into the National Womens Conference of 1977. This image portrays the excitement and enthusiasm the women have as they proceed forward to make a change. The women are clearly united and overjoyed with the anticipation of the conferences success. History of Chicana Feminism. University of Michigan. Umich.edu. Web. 6 December 2012. This website helped us to gain the knowledge of the basic facts of the Chicana Feminist Movement and the Chicano Movement. This allowed us to establish the clear differences in each movement and each ones impact. s a useful secondary source, this websites section on The History of Chicana Feminism taught us about some of the most important turning points in Chicana history. "How Latinos Are Changing America." Parade 20 Jan. 2013: 6-12. Print. This magazine article provided examples of contemporary Latinos and Latinas who've been very successful in the American workforce, such as activist Christina Jimenez, San Antonio mayor Julian Castro, Natalie Morales, Texas representative Larry Gonzales, and CEO Linda Alvarado. These panelists were interviewed and asked about the impact of Latinos on the 2012 election. They provided useful insight on how the Hispanic community played a large role in the outcome of the 2012 Presidential election. Huerta, Benito. "The Importance of Chicana Art." Personal Interview. 14 Dec. 2012. In this interview with Professor Huerta, we learned about several Chicana art pieces and the significance of that art in the Feminist Movement. The emergence of Chicana art was a major turning point with the Chicana/o community.

Jones, Elizabeth, Elvin Jones, Jessica Olson, and Rebecca Teale. "Gloria Anzaldua: Voices From the Gaps." : Voices From the Gaps : University of Minnesota. Univeristy of Minnesota, 1 Sept. 2005. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. This source contained biographical information as well as the accomplishments of Gloria Anzaldua. It discusses her many theories and publications, which was vital to the Feminist movement in general. Kuznia, Rob. "HispanicBusiness." Hispanic Buisiness. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2013. This website article was helpful in providing background on Justice Sotomayor. It helped fill in some information about her, though not expressly on the webpage. Marino, Katherine. "Liberating the Chicana Feminist Archive." The Clayman Institute for Gender Research. Stanford University, 6 June 2012. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. This resource was very important as it ascertained why there was a scarcity of resources regarding the Chicana feminist movement. It discussed the obstacles the Chicanas faced in publicizing the movement. Professor Cotera of Stanford is striving to supplement for for the lack of information and images of this movement. McArthur, Judith N., and Harold L. Smith. "Chicana Feminism." Texas through Women's Eyes: The Twentieth-century Experience. Austin: University of Texas, 2010. N. pag. Print. This book recounts the roles of women within Texas history from the beginning of the 20th century till now. We only used the Chicana Feminism section of this book, which mentioned the Chicanas roles not only within the general Feminist movement, but also within the political parties of La Raza Unida and Mujeres Por La Raza. McCarthy, Allison. "Queer History Month: Remembering Gloria Anzaldua." Ms. Magazine Blog. Ms. Magazine, 4 Oct. 2011. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. This source mentions nzalduas contributions to the many theories regarding feminism, one which was called the Queer Theory. We primarily used this source to understand her contributions as one of the prominent figures within the Chicana feminist movement. Msnbc.com. "Latino Population Boom Will Have 2012 Election Echoes." Msnbc.com. Msnbc Digital Network, 24 Mar. 2011. Web. 22 January 2013. This website article was good at providing statistics of the election. Also,explaining the pivotal role of the Hispanic community in the 2012 presidential elections.

Pomerleau, Clark. RE: Chicana Feminism. E-mail Interview. 27 November 2012. Professor Pomerleau, in his email specified other major focuses in the movement, other than political, specifically education and economic opportunities in the community that the movement was also pushing for. This email gave us other pathways that we might direct our attention down in addition to the political repercussions of the movement. Raza Unida Party Collection 1969-1979. By Raza Unida TX. Lib.utexas.edu. Web. 28 December 2012. <http://www.lib.utexas.edu>. This website was very helpful for getting some background information on the La Raza Unida Party. It gives important dates, names, and main events that occurred during the time of the La Raza Unida Party. Raza Unida Party. Texas State Historical Association. Tshaonline.org.Web. 5 January 2013. <http://www.tshaonline.org>. This website gave a very detailed passage about the La Raza Unida Party. It included where, how, and when the party began, some people crucial for the partys continuation and success, and where, how, and when the party ended. This website proved to be an excellent resource. Reilly, Mollie. "Election 2012: Women Voters Win At Ballot Box, But Men Still Hold Key Influence." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 24 Nov. 2012. Web. 22 Jan. 2013. This article was great for giving statistics on the presidential election in 2012. It showed the amount of influence in the election that Mexican American women had. Rodriguez, James. La Raza Unida Pary Reunion: What I Saw and Heard. La Voz.[Austin] 08 2012. Print. This newspaper article revealed how much devotion and passion were in the members of the La Raza Unida Party. Men and women participants reunited from all over the world gathered to discuss memories of the La Raza Unida Partys legacy. The partys goal was to expand opportunities of Mexican-Americans, not just whites. This source taught us about one of the numerous branches of groups of Chicanos and Chicanas working together for what they believed in. Roth, Benita. Separate Roads to Feminism: Black, Chicana, and White Feminist Movements in America's Second Wave. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 2004. Print. This book provided good context of the Chicana movement against other feminist movements, namely white and black. It was good for providing quotes on the contrast and comparisons of the different movements.

"Sonia Sotomayor." News. N.p., 22 Jan. 2013. Web. 22 Jan. 2013. This article was also good at providing background information on Sotomayor. It gave us examples of the different barriers that Sotomayor has broken down politically and socially. Stolberg, Sheryl. "WOMAN IN THE NEWS; A Trailblazer And a Dreamer." The New York Times. The New York Times, 27 May 2009. Web. 22 Jan. 2013. This website article was good for providing Justice Sotomayor's opinions and background. It was helpful in providing facts for the background in how she has broken down barriers for Chicanas politically.