NASA/TM--2000-210237

Thermophysical and Properties of Thermal Coating Systems

Thermomechanical Barrier

Dongming Zhu Ohio Aerospace Robert Glenn A. Miller Research

Institute,

Brook

Park,

Ohio

Center,

Cleveland,

Ohio

Prepared International

for the Cocoa Beach Conference on Engineering and Society 2000 Exposition, Ceramics and Structures Conference

24th Annual

sponsored by the American Ceramic Cocoa Beach, Florida, January 23-28,

National Space

Aeronautics Administration

and

Glenn

Research

Center

July

2000

Available NASA Center 7121 Standard for Aerospace Drive Information

from National Technical Information Service

Hanover, MD 21076 Price Code: A03

5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22100 Price Code: A03

THERMOPHYSICAL

AND

THERMOMECHANICAL COATING

PROPERTIES SYSTEMS

OF

THERMAL

BARRIER

Dongming Ohio Aerospace Brook Park,

Zhu Institute 44142

Ohio

Robert National Aeronautics Glenn

A. Miller and Space Administration

Research Ohio

Center 44135

Cleveland,

ABSTRACT

Thermal and diesel engine

barrier

coatings

have

been

developed engine

for advanced and fuel cyclic

gas

turbine

applications

to improve durability

reliability

efficiency. conditions stresses from

However,

the issue of coating concern.

under failure Coating

high temperature is closely shrinkage can further related

is still of major anti oxidation ceramic lailure ceramic prediction. thermophysical near-realistic systems. conductivity

The coating systems.

to thermal resulting

in the coating and creep The and test purpose creep,

cracking

sintering process. sintering Novel

at high temperatures of this thermal paper fatigue have

accelerate critical

the coating such as life

is to address and been their

issues

relevance to

to coating obtain systems

approaches

established of the encountered changes creep

critical under engine thermal resulting

and

thermomechanical and stress on the

properties gradients dynamic and

coating

temperature Emphasis and

in advanced of the coating and

is placed elastic

modulus,

fatigue

interactions,

An invited Conference

paper presented on Engineering

at the 24th Annual Cocoa Ceramics and Structures,

Beach Cocoa

Conference Beach,

and Exposition, January

International

Florida,

23-28. 2000.

NASAfI'M--2000-210237

failure modeling systems

mechanisms results provide

during describing a framework

the simulated processes

engine occurring

tests.

Detailed thermal

experimental barrier ceramic

and coating coating

in the

for developing and properties.

strategies

to manage

architecture,

microstructure

INTRODUCTION

Ceramic attention of using power layer

thermal

barrier

coatings and diesel coatings and improved

(TBCs) engine include engine ceramic

have

received The engine

increasing advantages thrust and two-

for advanced ceramic fuel

gas turbine barrier

applications. increased reliability. top coat

thermal

density, TBC

efficiency, consists bond

A typical and

system metallic

of a ZrO,-Y,O3 Figure

an oxidationplasmabarrier

resistant sprayed coatings.

coat.

1 shows

micrographs

of typical thermal

and

electron

beam

physical-vapor-deposited

(EB-PVD)

Durability conditions depending the coating oxidation coating time, coating life due

issues

of thermal concern. operating related and

barrier The

coatings failure

under

high temperature are usually structures,

cyclic complex,

are of major on the coating failure of the failure

coating conditions

modes

and coating stresses It has

In general, systems, [1] that and the with in the coating and

is closely bond coat force and

to thermal substrate.

in the coating recognized

been the

driving time-

increases, temperature-

whereas

resistance processes

decreases, occurring

to many

dependent in Figure the with

systems,

as shown models property near-realistic have

schematically to incorporate

2. As a consequence, thermomechanical failure

prediction

dynamic appropriate

thermophysical observed under

information, temperature

along

mechanisms

and stress

conditions.

NASA/TM--2000-210237

. _ ,

,.

'O_

?._

-,/

"

,_

(a)
Fig. 1 Microstructures Plasma-sprayed coating. of typical thermal TBC barrier systems coating;

(b) on a superalloy (b) EB-PVD substrate. thermal (a)

barrier

,a

Coating delammation resistance decreases with lime Ceramic through-thickness/interracial cracking and damage Inteffacial Materials oxidation property degradation due to phase instability

accumulation

.-y

O_morphoiogical

variation

?
_z

/ r

_tress C__ Vi_ergy

concentration ue to sintering dissipation tt

Fig. 2

Life

prediction The force

of TBC coating

systems: life tr [1 ].

a dynamic is determined

approach by

for the

dynamic

systems. driving

coating

delamination

and resistance

NAS A/TM--2000-210237

The

purpose

of

this

paper

is

to

describe

thermophysical which affect the

and coating been

thermomechanical failure developed failure fatigue thermal resulting driving force

properties and

of the

ceramic

coatings

resistance. ceramic issues

Experimental coating such properties

testing and

techniques to investigate creep,

have

to characterize Critical

coating thermal

mechanisms. are discussed. conductivity failure

as ceramic

sintering,

and

Emphasis and elastic

is placed modulus,

on the dynamic fatigue and

changes creep tests.

in the coating and

interactions,

mechanisms

during

the simulated

engine

SINTERING

AND

CREEP

OF CERAMIC COATINGS

THERMAL

BARRIER

Ceramic most important

coating issues

sintering

and

creep

at high

temperature thermal

are barrier

among coatings. effects

the It are and

for the development that high temperature to coating coating coating

of advanced coating

has been profound creep

recognized

sintering [2-9].

and creep

and detrimental in considerable

performance thermal shrinkage

Not only can sintering and elastic

result

conductivity cracking

modulus

increases,

but also can cause

and spallation.

The thcnual _:curring diffusion, creep

sintering

and creep are

mechanisms complex.

of the porous, The densification thermally[8, 9].

microcracked and and The

ceramic

barrier in and

coatings TBCs at

deformation

temperature compaction under mechanical stress

involve processes

stress-activated ceramic loads coatings at room sintering

mechanical observed

has been

compressive

and tensile levels, and

temperature and creep of the systems the

[ 10-12]. rates

At higher

and temperature The stress

the ceramic

can be further creep rate Faster coatings. has

increased. been

temperature plasma-sprayed are often be

dependence coating for the

ceramic

reported sintering

for typical and creep

[8, 9, 12-15].

initial

rates can

observed by

plasma-sprayed

This

phenomenon

explained

NASA/TM--2000-210237

predominant splat sliding and microcrack sintering during the initial-stage sinteringandcreepprocesses.

For the EB-PVD thermalbarrier coatings,high porosity is presentin the in-planedirectionsbetweenthe columnargrains.Intra-columnarmicroporesalso exist after the depositionprocess.Significant in-planesinteringandcreepstrains in EB-PVD coatingshavebeen observedunder high heatflux/high temperature conditions using the laser sintering-creeptechnique[16]. Sintering of the EBPVD coatingsunderthe high heatflux conditionswasdemonstrated as"welding" of the looseindividual columnargrains,andthus generated surfacewedge-shape cracksin the coatings.The long-termthermalconductivity increaseobservedwas probablydueto the sinteringof theintra-columnarmicropores.

THERMAL

CONDUCTIVITY

OF THERMAL

BARRIER

COATINGS

Low thermal intrinsic decrease typical

thermal

conductivity The

is one

of the

most

critical coating and

requirements material has

for low

barrier thermal can

coatings.

current (about

ZrOE-8Wt%Y203 2.5 and W/m-K), microcracks coating [17]. However,

conductivity

further within an ceramic

conductivity the coating. A

be achieved

by micropores ZrO2-8wt%Y203 about 1 W/m-K

plasma-sprayed value increase of

has

initial

thermal can

conductivity significantly

sintering

the TBC thermal

conductivity.

A steady-state the temperature-dependent for coating of critical that [18,

laser

heat

flux technique kinetics life

has been of the coating The data

developed thermal facility

to determine conductivity enables the and

change design and

necessary measurement

prediction.

test under

TBC thermal are 19]. realistically A

conductivity expected diagram

the temperature

_hermal gradients engine systems

to be encountered showing the

in advanced laser thermal

schematic

NASAITM--2000-210237

conductivity rig is given in

continuous-wave station, infrared laser

Figure

3. This of 10.6

test

rig

consists

of a 3.0-kW rotating

CO2 test and allow

(wavelength measurement laser surface

ILtm), a motor-driven such

and temperature pyrometry. The

instrumentation, heating

as thermography air cooling across rotation Overall in real coating. the

and the backside gradients

establishing systems. uniform conductivity carefully

appropriate An integrating laser power changes measuring

steady-state ZnSe

temperature

coating ensures thermal time by a

lens combined for be the

with the specimen specimen heating. monitored the ceramic

distribution can, thus,

continuously across

the temperature

difference

I 0 001 I0 00 ]1
L....._ p_,_/meter air gap platinum flat coils

specim

thermcuple

-_coo?in_, J U cooling

_.

e _o_lc ,_ir mh,_ _] m,_ _MSX_'substrate

.,alu_ninum

back plate

an" cooling

Fig. 3

Laser kinetics

high

heat metal The

flux

rig

for determining coatings. During

thermal the test,

conductivity the ceramic

change surface

of thermal

barrier

and the pyrometers. by an temperatures, coating heating [18].

backside temperatures metal substrate mid-point miniature type-K heat flux passing

are measured by infrared temperature can be obtained The interfacial barrier laser model through the thermal

embedded

thermocouple.

and the actual

system, are therefore determined conditions by a one-dimensional

under the steady-state (one-D) heat transfer

NASA/TM--2000-210237

Temperature-dependent 254/_-thick laser heat

ZrO2-Y203

coating thermal barrier

thermal coating,

conductivity determined

kinetics

of

by the steady-state in Figure coating thermal near the

flux testing a thermal high

under

a fixed

heat flux gradient

(64W/cm2),

are illustrated across the ceramic more rapid to

4. Because under the

conductivity gradient near the

is expected (due surface ceramic change presumably testing, are

thermal

conditions ceramic

to the as

conductivity ceramic/bond reflects shows sintering reach

increase coat

compared

interface), effect

the observed

thermal in the due

conductivity coating. The

increase coating

an overall faster initial

of the conductivity increases, After values coating as

conductivity stage.

to the fast microcrack seems the to

rate at the initial saturation The

long-term that thermal

the conductivity on change

conductivity experimental
can

dependent

testing for

temperatures.

conductivity

kinetics

the ZrO2-8wt%Y203

be expressed

k_nf

k O

=102.2.exp

RT

(la)

_'=572.5.exp

RT

(lb)

where ceramic

k c is the coating coating thermal

thermal

conductivity values and

at any given at the initial

time t, k and time time. and

k) nf are

conductivity R is gas constant,

at infinitely

long time,

respectively,

_: is relaxation

NASA/TM----2000-210237

Time, hr 0 1.80 _d 1320C 4 .............. 8 12 16 20 24 28 32

f

_9

1IO0C

E
9 e-I--

1.10 1.00 010 2 104 4104 6104 Time, sec 8 104 1 l0 s 1.2 l0 s

Fig. 4

Overall thermal at surface 64W/cm2).

thermal barrier

conductivity coating

change of 990C,

kinetics 1100C

of the and

ZrO2-8wt%Y203 1320C (heat flux

determined

by the real-time

laser heat flux testing

test temperatures

From kinetics, time can

the

temperature conductivity Typical

dependence gradients thermal

of the

thermal

conductivity

change of

the thermal be derived.

in the TBC conductivity in Figure

coatings distributions

as a function

in a ZrO2that the near the

8wt%Y203 conductivity interface interface of the

thermal increase under

barrier near

coating the

are shown surface

5. It can be seen than a given that time,

is more

significant For

the thermal

gradient

testing

conditions. measured beween durability

a lower value small. accuracy at higher

temperature coating system,

will result but the

in a lower differences coating

average them and are

conductivity relatively

Therefore, point

it is advantagous to investigate interface

from

measurement conductivities

of view

the ceramic temperatures.

coating

thermal

heat fluxes

and lower

NASA/TM--2000-210237

1.60

....

....

Time, 1.50 --

sec 2000 - 4000 - 6000 8000 10000 14000 16000 18000 20000

_L

1.40

N_"'.'-. _\'_ ,",, ...... . " ,""_ :o"! -- .. -N" " " " "" '_f" 7 .'..."_. _ _..o.

-- -..... - ....

1.30
O

1.20

..... ....... .........

1.10

1.00 1300 1200 1100 Temperature, 1000 C 900 800

(a)

1.80 1.70 1.60 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.0 - -..... ..... .........

k (Ti=871 C) - k (Ti=982C) - k (Ti=I093C) <k>(Ti=871 C)= 1,170 W/m-K <k> (Ti=982C) =1.215 W/m-K <k> (Ti= 1093C) = 1.277 W/m-K

.............. _.i_ _ _ --_ 2: _ 2 _'2"__-"-_ ....

1 _--_--L- - - --_

0.2 Normalized

0.4 distance

0.6 from

0.8 surface

1.0

(b)

Fig. 5

Thermal coating. temperature

conductivity (a) The and tested (surface

distributions ceramic time; (b) thermal different thermal

in a ZrO2-8wt%Y203 conductivity conductivity values interface <k> temperatures as Thermal conductivity interface

thermal a gradients after

barrier of and 20000 T_ are

function

corresponding coating seconds

average at three

in the ceramic

temperature and 1093C,

T_=1315.5C; respectively)

temperatures

871 C, 982C

NASA/TM--2000-210237

ELASTIC

MODULUS

OF THERMAL

BARRIER

COATINGS

Elastic property

modulus The The

of the stress

porous states

ceramic

coatings coating

is an important are directly

coating related affected to

parameter. modulus.

in the ceramic resistance

the coating

coating

spallation

is thus also greatly

by the coating

modulus.

The Hysteresis between values the were

as-sprayed in the

coating

modulus

is relatively curves was The GPa

low due to its high porosity. observed initial for due to interactions modulus ZrO2-

loading-unloading

microcracks within coating the

and micro-pores range of 34

[11]. to 64

compressive

a plasma-sprayed

8wt%YzO3 region, majority coating

in the low

stress-strain to about are

region

[11 ]. In the higher GPa probably

stress-strain because the

coating of the stiffness.

modulus microcrack The

increased surfaces coating

100-120

in contact,

resulting

in the

increased of

overall at room

modulus

also increases partially

with the number due to a permanent

compressive compaction

cycles process.

temperature,

at least

At higher will increase The that modulus the

temperature,

the elastic

modulus

of the porous densification temperatures

ceramic process

coating [9, 18].

significantly increase

because

of the sintering upon the will high

rate will depend Under gradient demonstrated laser laser test

the actual heat flux and

and stresses however, time. Laser a

coating elastic heat with thickness strain

experiences. modulus testing

conditions, evolve coating with

significant simulated decreased coating total

develop

flux

that the ceramic [9]. The noted and porosity

micro-porosity across the

increasing after

time were

gradients to the

testing The

correlated kinetics,

measured by 6.

creep

gradients.

elastic across

modulus the coating

change system

determined in Figure

the micro-indentation The experimental

technique

are shown

data can be described

by the following

relation

NASA/TM--2000-210237

10

E-E'O
E}. n` _e 0

-C

E 1-exp-

(2)

where coating z

E o is the coating modulus values time, It can

modulus

at any given

time t, Eo and

E_ nf are ceramic respectively, stress in the in the and change final

at the initial

time and at infinitely related

long time, and

is relaxation system. coating gradients. The value

C E is a constant be seen that

to temperature gradient the laser was imposed

coating ceramic stress kinetics. modulus However, obtain

a modulus under

established temperature

that evolved The surface surface of the

with time showed ceramic

a very coating 20 hours,

fast

increase

in the modulus nearly the assumed

reached from

of 125 GPa time

in about

an initial

modulus

of 70 GPa. coating to

a longer

is required value

for the inner sintering

layers due

of the ceramic to the lower

the final under

modulus

by laser gradient

temperatures

and stresses

the thermal

test conditions.

THERMAL

FATIGUE

AND

CREEP

INTERACTIONS COATINGS

OF THERMAL

BARRIER

Thermal service. thermal The

barrier

coating fatigue thermal

systems results

experience the cyclic

severe

thermal

fatigue due

during to the

thermal and/or

from

thermal

stresses

cycling

transients

encountered

in an engine.

Under with time coating relax stress tested

operating

heat

flux

conditions,

the

coating

modulus process,

will

increase in also

due to the coating increase with creep

sintering time. strains. The

and densification thermal elastic the

thus resulting can

stress with

stress

generated coating TBC

increased

Figure

7 shows depth

modeled

elastic system in

evolution under

as a function thermal

of time and coating gradient that places

across

a thick the entire

a high

essentially

coating

NASA/'TM--2000-210237

11

compression. layers increase

It can with The

be seen time stress

that

the

coating

compressive

stresses

in the

inner values in the

initially, variation

then

maintain

approximately with the modulus in the outer increasing creep. in the

constant change

for longer coating maximum considerable shrinkage systems

times.

is consistent

for this region. values, stress strain [9].

However, decrease

the coating

stresses

layers time

first reach because creep coating

then

significantly due

with

relaxation are

occurs

to the coating and observed

Significant ceramic

gradients

generated

Distance from surface, mm -----13--- 0 130.0 _ o.(_ - I').12 120.0 110.0 100.0 _ m_ --&-020 - -V - - 028 - - []-----_-_ E 90.0 80.0 70,0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 Time, 80.0 hours 100.0 120.0 ._ m - 0.36 -044

--D--0.52 "-_41,-- - 0._1 ---_.-0.68 1'17(, 0.84

_ - 0.92 -- Eli-- - I{X) - -H. .lrl.. - 1.1')8 1.16

Fig. 6

Elastic

modulus

evolution

in a ZrO2-Y203 conditions

thermal [ 18].

barrier

coating

under

laser heat

flux sintering

and creep

Thermal investigated sintering gradient the major under and creep conditions driving

fatigue

behavior diesel

of

thick

thermal thermal under

barrier transients

coatings [20, 21].

was The

simulated strains

engine

in the ceramic

coating stress crack surface

high temperature cooling, under crack low

thermal

will lead to a tensile force Figure for the 8 shows vertical

state during growth vertical

thus providing cycle fatigue near

(LCF)

conditions.

a typical

propagation

NASA/TM--2000-210237

12

the

ceramic/bond fatigue using

coat crack longer

interface, growth heating the

and rate

initiating in the or

the

coating coating test

delamination. was experimentally [21]. creep

The

increased observed experiments thermal

ceramic higher

cycles strong

temperatures sintering,

The and

demonstrate

interactions

between

fatigue

of the ceramic

coating.

For thin plasma-sprayed and creep increasing and can also significantly modulus have

and

EB-PVD

thermal

barrier spallation strains.

coatings, driving Coating

sintering force by

increase and

the coating creep

the coating failures

accumulated both

buckling and after

spallation

been

observed

at high 9 shows coated

temperatures, the accelerated single crystal

cooling coating system. bond

and subsequent delamination The coat accelerated

reheating and buckling failure 35 hour

[1, 16]. Figure in a TBC

ceramic superalloy from

is due laser

to the reduced high heat

interracial

adhesion

oxidation cycle.

after

flux testing,

with a subsequent

laser reheating

IOO0,

!>._
' 800, "_ : ,_" _[-_ -----_ _ 4 Distance surface, from mm _\'-_-' _ '_ . -_ " " / 0.20

0,52 0,60

4OO
% "

--_ _--

0,76 0,84

ii
Increase

......

. ---_ -_'_ _ ---'-" --t -----_-----_ [_ _ _ .... _ -

1.08 1.16 1,24 1,32 1.481'40 1.56

2OO

'

/ _-

_-c//

_-

0 0 Later
stress

10

20

30 Time. hours

40

50

60

relaxation

Fig. 7

Modeled coating gradient

in-plane depth testing.

coating

compressive barrier

stresses coating

as a function under large

of time and temperature

for a thick thermal

NASA/TM--2000-210237

13

Fig. 8

A surface

vertical

crack

propagation thermal fatigue

and coating loads

delamination indicating

under

the

laser heat flux induced paths).

(arrows

the crack

Fig. 9

The after

substantial 35 hour

ceramic laser high

coating bond heat

delamination flux testing,

and substrate and

buckling system a second

in a ZrOegenerated time laser

8wt%Y203/NiCrAIY reheating (interface

coat/CMSX-4 approximately

temperature

1100C).

NASA/TM--2000-210237

14

CONCLUDING

REMARKS

This prediction elastic thermal important coating provide

paper issues

describes such change

important

thermal and

barrier creep,

coating thermal and the

design

and life and coating

as ceramic kinetics,

sintering bond coat

conductivity ceramic

modulus fatigue.

oxidation been

Experimental and

techniques

have

developed

to characterize of thermal property barrier data will

thermo-physical systems helpful under insight

thermo-mechanical engine failure

properties The

near-realistic into the coating coating

conditions. processes models.

and support

mechanism-

and thermal

fatigue-based

life prediction

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E. F. Rejda, Sprayed Technology,

D. F. Socie, Thermal

and T. Itoh, Barrier

"Deformation Coatings,"

Behavior Sulface and

of PlasmaCoatings

Thick vol.

113, pp. 218-226,

1999. "Thermal Conductivity Laser of EBHeat

[16]

D. Zhu, PVD Flux

R. A.

Miller, Barrier

and B. A. Nagaraj, Coatings Evaluated

Thermal Technique,"

by the Steady-State Conference

presented

at International 2000,

on Metallurgical

Coatings [17]

and Thin Films,

San Diego,

R. A. Miller of

and G. W. Leissler, Zirconia-Yttria Lewis Research

"Characterization and Center,

and Durability Thermal Ohio,

Testing Barrier TP-

Plasma-Sprayed NASA 1993.

Hafnia-Yttria Cleveland,

Coatings," 3296, [18] March and

NASA

D. Zhu Evolution

R. A. Miller, of Thermal Glenn

"Thermal Barrier Research

Conductivity Coatings Center, Under Cleveland,

and

Elastic High Ohio,

Modulus Heat Flux TM-

Conditions," 209069, [19] D. Zhu 1999. and

NASA

NASA

R. A.

Miller,

"'Thermal Coatings

Conductivity

Change

Kinetics

of

Ceramic Heat Flux

Thermal

Barrier

Determined Research

by the Steady-State Center, Cleveland,

Laser Ohio,

Technique," and Technology,

NASA 1999.

Glenn

Research [20] D. Zhu Thermal Lewis [21]

and

R. A. Miller, Behavior Center,

"Influence of Thick

of High Thermal NASA

Cycle Barrier

Thermal Coatings," 1997. Cycle

Loads

on

Fatigue Research

NASA

Cleveland,

Ohio,

TP-3676, High

D. Zhu and R. A. Miller, Cycle Science Fatigue Mechanisms

"Investigation of Thick vol. A245,

of Thermal Barrier

and

Low

Thermal

Coatings,"

Materials

and Engineering,

pp. 212-223,

1998.

NASA/TM--2000-210237

17

REPORT

DOCUMENTATION

PAGE

Forr_Approve_ OMBNo.0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, seamhing existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Pape_ork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

July
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

2000

Technical
5.

Memorandum
NUMBERS

FUNDING

Thermophysical Coating
6. AUTHOR(S)

and Thermomechanical

Properties

of Thermal

Barrier WU-714--04-20-00

Systems

Dongming

Zhu

and Robert

A. Miller

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) National John Aeronautics Research 44135 and Space Center -3191 Administration at Lewis Field

8.

PERFORMING REPORT

ORGANIZATION

NUMBER

H. Glenn Ohio

E-12356

Cleveland,

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING National Washington, Aeronautics DC

AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) and Space Administration

10.

SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

20546-0001

NASA

TM--2000-210237

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Prepared for the 24th Annual Cocoa Beach Conference Ceramic Road, and Exposition, Society, Brook Cocoa Park, code Ohio 5160, International Florida, Robert 433-5422.
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

Conference January 23-28,

on Engineering 2000. Dongming

Ceramics Zhu,

and Structures Ohio Center.

12a.

sponsored Institute

by the American 22800 Cedar Point

Beach, 44142: (216)

Aerospace Responsible

A. Miller,

NASA

Glenn

Research

person,

Dongming
STATEMENT

Zhu,

organization

DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY

Unclassified Subject

- Unlimited 24 and 25 Distribution: Information, Nonstandard (301) 621--0390.

Categories:

This publication
13. ABSTRACT

is available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace

200 words)

(Maximum

Thermal reliability major

barrier

coatings

have

been

developed

for advanced of coating

gas turbine durability stresses at high issues

and diesel under high

engine

applications cyclic

to improve conditions systems.

engine is still of

and fuel The

efficiency. coating resulting purpose to coating

However, failure from

the issue

temperature

concern.

is closely ceramic

related sintering

to thermal and creep critical

and oxidation temperatures such as ceramic been under

in the coating can further sintering

Coating

shrinkage failure

cracking process. The

accelerate and creep, critical

the coating thermal fatigue

of this paper life prediction,

is to address Novel

and their

relevance

test approaches of the coating Emphasis interactions, results describing to manage

have systems

established near-realistic

to obtain

thermophysical gradients conductivity engine systems properties. tests.

and thermomechanical in advanced modulus, experimental

properties engine fatigue systems. and creep

temperature

and stress thermal

encountered and elastic Detailed

is placed

on the dynamic failure occurring

changes mechanisms

of the coating during

and resulting processes ceramic

the simulated barrier coating and

and modeling

in the thermal

provide

a framework

for developing

strategies

coating

architecture,

microstructure

14. SUBJECT TERMS Thermal Thermal

17. SECURITY OF REPORT

15.

NUMBER

OFPAGES

barrier gradient

coatings; testing;

Life Stress
18.

predictions; evolution
SECURITY OF THIS

Thermal

conductivity;

23
16. PRICE CODE

A03
CLASSIFICATION PAGE 19. SECURITY OF CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT ABSTRACT

CLASSIFICATION

Unclassified NSN 7540-O1-280-5500

Unclassified

Unclassified
Standard Prescribed 298-102 Form by ANSI 298 (Rev, 2-89)

Std. Z39-18