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1. Download the Spreadsheet LCA matrix model from the Course Material folder of Blackboard, where you will find a record of the matrix calculations we used in class to calculate the LCI of 10 aluminum packages. Use it to solve the following life cycle inventory problem, based on the tea example we used in class (now in SI units), by filling in the missing entries in the table.
Economic / Environmtl. Flows Electricity (MJ) Filtered Water (kg) Tea (kg) Brewed Tea (kg) Drinking (kg) Coal (kg) Raw Water (kg) CO2 (kg) Nitrogen (kg) Solid Waste (kg) Electricity from Coal 1 -0.05 0 0 0 -0.1 -0.16 0.18 0.01 0.05 Filtered Water -0.05 1 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 Unit Processes Tea Brewing Use / EoL 0 0 1 0 0 0 -10 -0.1 0.2 1 -0.1 -1 -0.05 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 1 0 0 0 0 0.07 Ref. Flow/ LCI 0 0 0 0 0.2
a. Describe in words the Electricity from Coal and Tea unit processes. Do the values and units make sense to you? What other input or output flows could you add to the table? b. What is the carbon footprint of your cup of tea (that is, the life cycle CO2 emissions associated with the reference flow)? c. Which would be a more effective water saving measure from a life cycle point of view: moving to air-cooled power plants (no raw water intake for cooling) or introducing drip irrigation in tea plantations (reduce water consumption per unit tea by 90%)? Solution 1: A)Unit process electricity from Coal needs 10 kilogram of Coal ,with an intake of 1.6 kilogram of Raw water for cooling of the plant and 0.5 kilogram of filtered water for the production of 10 mj of electricity. Emissions from the process of combustion includes: 1.CO2-1.8 kilograms 2.nitrogen-1kilogram 3.solid waste-0.5 kilogram
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Economic / Environmtl. Flows Electricity (MJ) cotton (kg) Color Dye (kg) Denim Fiber (kg) jeans (kg) Coal (kg) Raw Water (kg) CO2 (kg) Nitrogen (kg) Solid Waste (kg)
Unit Processes Color Denim Dye fiber -1 -0.6 0 -4 1 -0.05 0 1 0 0 0 0 -4 0 0.1 0 0.05 0 0 0.3
The manufacturing process for a pair of denim jeans begins with the agricultural production of cotton. These cotton crops guzzle 1,500 gallons of water to produce 1.5 lbs of cotton which is the amount required to make a single pair of jeans. Denim production for jeans also requires over 16 ounces of oil to run the machinery to transport the water needed to produce one pair of jeans
(http://www.standard.net/topics/opinion/2011/04/26/producing-denim-jeans-takes-tollenvironment) Assumptions: Instead of oil I took coal as a substitute 16 ounce = 0.45359237 kilograms
Since area of cotton is not mentioned for simplicity I am considering 0.5 kg of water gives 1 kilo gram of cotton The by products of dying process are mentioned here (http://www.cotton.org/journal/2007-11/3/upload/jcs11-141.pdf) For the estimation of emissions I found this link:
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Here
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A) About 7% of the total carbon foot print(0.805kg) B) The linkages between nylon-6 disposal of plastics mixture which is in turn related to disposal of municipal waste and disposal of plastic mixtures to sanitary C) Credits are not been shown as cicustalt is primary ,where has recycled is a sub process of the main process.
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