Design of Double L-Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna for WiMAX and WLAN Application

R. Jothi Chitra,
Dept. of ECE Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, Melmaruvathur. Chennai, India sureshashika@gmail.com

B. Ramesh Karthik
Dept. of ECE Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, Melmaruvathur. Chennai, India rameshkarthik.b@gmail.com

V. Nagarajan
Dept. of ECE Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, Melmaruvathur. Chennai, India nagarajanece31@rediffmail.com

Abstract A dual-band design of a finite ground coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed antenna is presented for simultaneously wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The proposed antenna, comprising a rectangular planar patch element embedded with two L shaped slots. The simulated -10 dBi bandwidth for return loss is from 2 to 6 GHz, covering some of the WiMAX and WLAN bands. The parametric study is performed to understand the characteristics of the proposed antenna. Also, good antenna performances such as radiation patterns and antenna gains over the operating bands have been observed and simulated peak gain of the antenna is 7.68 dBi at 2.8 GHz and maximum return loss is obtained is -35 dBi at 4.8GHz. Keywords- Double L-Slot Microstrip antenna; Dual band antenna; Patch antenna; Slot antenna.

to understand the characteristics of the Modular antenna. II. ANTENNA MODEL

The geometry of the proposed finite ground coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed dual-band antenna is shown in Fig. 1. The proposed antenna was fabricated on FR4 substrate with dielectric constant is 4.4 and thickness 1.6 mm. The basis of the antenna structure is chosen to be a rectangular patch element with dimensions of width W and length L, and with a vertical spacing of d away from the ground plane. A conventional CPW fed line designed with a fixed signal strip thickness Wf and a gap distance of g between the signal strip and the coplanar ground plane is used for exciting the radiating patch element.

I.

INTRODUCTION

In this rapid changing world in wireless communication systems, multiband antenna has been playing a very important role for wireless service requirements. Wireless local area network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) have been widely applied in mobile devices such as handheld computers and intelligent phones. These two techniques have been widely considered as a cost-effective, viable, and high-speed data connectivity solution, enabling user mobility. Using Microwave applications, slot antennas fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines are receiving increasing attention [1]. Numerous advantages have been obtained by feeding a radiating element with coplanar waveguide feeds; such as lower radiation leakage and less dispersion than microstrip lines. This type of structure has been modeled as a radiating element and is referred to as a CPW-fed slot line monopole antenna. A Modular antenna dual-band design of a finite ground coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed monopole antenna is presented for simultaneously satisfying wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications [2-5]. The Modular antenna, comprising a rectangular planar patch element embedded with double L shaped slots in the patch element [2]. Prototypes of the obtained optimized antenna have been designed and constructed. The parametric study is performed

Figure 1.

Dimensions of proposed antenna.

Two finite ground planes with the same size of width Wg and length Lg, are situated symmetrically on each side of the CPW feeding line [2]. Patch, ground length and width are calculated by using transmission line model. The relative dielectric constant ( r) [6 ,7] of the substrate is given as

The simulation results for gain for the frequency range from 2 to 6 GHz are shown in the Fig. 4.

TABLE I.

GEOMENTRY OF PROPOSED ANTENNA

r =

r +1 r 1
2 + 2

1 H 1 + 12 W

(1)

Parameter
L1 L2 W L GL

Value (in mm )
5.7 7.5 19.27 19.3 16.2 10.5 40 26 3 1 19.2 3

A very popular and practical approximation relation for normalized extension of the length [6,7] is obtained from below equation

W ( r + 0.3) + 0.264 H L = 0.412 W ( eff 0.258) + 8 H

The effective length of the patch is expressed as

(2)

GW SL SW G

Leff = L + 2L
Formula for Patch width [6 ,7] is given by

(3)

D FL FW

W=
L=

0 r + 1
2 2
1 2 f r eff 0 0

(4)

Length is given as (5)

Return Loss (dbi)

The final optimized dimensions of proposed antenna are length of the rectangular patch L=19.3mm, width of the rectangular patch W=19.27mm, width of ground plane GW=10.2 mm, length of ground plane GL=16.2 mm. Slot length are L1=5.7mm, L2=7.5mm and having width of Ws=1mm. Length of the feeding FL = 19.2mm and Feed width is FW =3mm. The space between the rectangular patch and ground plane G = 3mm and the feed line width of the feeding port is Wf = 3mm and vertical spacing between feed-line and ground plane d=1mm. The optimum parameters are obtained with the aid of Ansoft HFSS software listed in Table I. III. SIMULATION RESULTS

Frequency (GHz) Figure 2. Return Loss versus Frequency

The simulation results for return loss for the frequency range from 2 to 6 GHz are shown in the Fig. 2. It can cover the 5.155.35GHz WLAN band and 3.43.69 GHz WiMAX band of wireless communication system. The most common case for measuring and examining VSWR is when installing and tuning transmitting antennas. Ideally, the VSWR must lie in the range of 1-2 which is achieved in Fig. 3 for the 2 to 6 GHz frequency range.

VSWR

Frequency (GHz) Figure 3. VSWR Versus Frequency Plot

The simulation results for impedance for the frequency range from 2 to 6 GHz and the impedance is perfectly matched to 50. The simulated radiation patterns of the proposed CPW-fed monopole antenna are presented in Fig. 5 and 3D radiation pattern is shown in Fig. 6. The 3D current distribution plot gives the relationship between the co-polarization (desired) and cross-polarization (undesired) components. The surface currents mainly flow along the lower edges of patch and along the signal strip line is shown in Fig. 7.
Frequency(GHz) Figure 4. Gain versus Frequency Plot.

Gain(dbi) Figure 5.

Radiation pattern in Azimuthal Plane

Figure 7.

Current Distribution

Figure 6.

3-Dimensional Rational pattern.

The simulated impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna covers two impedance bandwidths, 3.34 to 4.056 GHz as the lower band and 4.736 to 5.432 GHz as the upper band, respectively. It can cover the 5.155.35 GHz WLAN band, and 3.43.69 GHz WiMAX band of wireless communication system. The radiation pattern obtained in the x-y plane is nearly Omni-directional, and that in the elevation plane is similar to monopole kind of antenna. Radiation performance of the antenna is acceptable at all the frequency bands.

IV.

CONCLUSION
[1]

REFERENCES
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The purpose of this work is successfully completed as studied and designed the antenna using a CPW-fed Dual band Double L slot antenna. The simulated result of the return loss of the CPW-fed Microstrip patch antenna yields dual band. The radiation pattern is unidirectional pattern for all of operation bandwidth, although the main lobe at the end of operation frequency shows a little bit lifting. It can be observed that the peak gain can be higher than 5 dBi at 3.5 GHz. The simulation gave results good enough to satisfy our requirements to fabricate it on hardware which can be used wherever needed. The investigation has been limited mostly to theoretical studies and simulations due to lack of fabrication facilities. Detailed experimental studies can be taken up at a later stage to design the array antenna.

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