Far Eastern University Assignment in Health Assessment Mayls S.

Calizo AO9AO5 March 3, 2010

Prof. Mary Anne R. Pascual Laboratory Tests:

Test Indication Normal Findings ( adult ) M: 4.5 5.3 million/ mm F: 4.1 5.1 million/ mm Increased Decreased

Red blood cell count (RBC) The number of RBCs per cubic millimeter (mm)

Primary polycythemia Secondary polycythemia or erythrocytosis

Abnormal loss of erythrocytes, abnormal destruction of erythrocytes Lack of needed elements or hormone for erythrocyte production, bone marrow production

Hemoglobin (Hgb) (Hgb) Composed of a pigment (heme), which contains iron, and a protein ( globin) Hematocrit (Hct) Fast way to determine the percentage of RBCs in the plasma. The Hct reported as a percentage because it is the proportion of RBCs to the plasma. M: 13.8 18g/dl Polycythemia F: 12 16 g/dl Blood loss Hemolytic anemia Bone marrow suppression Sickle cell anemia

M: 37-49% F: 36-46%

Polycythemia Dehydration Burns

Blood loss Overhydration Dietary deficiency Anemia.

Red blood cell indices ( RBC indices) Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) White blood cell count (WBC)

M: 78-100 m The mean or average size of F: 78-102 m the individual RBC. Amount of Hgb 25-35pg present on one cell. The proportion of each cell occupied by Hgb. 31-37%

Liver disease, alcoholism Pernicious anemia Rarely seen

Iron deficiency anemia, Lead poisoning

Iron deficiency anemia Iron deficiency anemia

Rarely seen

Count of the total number of WBCs in a cubic millimeter of blood To determine the proportion of each of the five types of wBCs in a sample of 100 WBCs

4,50011,000/mm Leukocytosis Infection Leukopenia Autoimmune disease

Differential count:

Neutrophils

55-70% Stress Acute infection Viral diseases Some drugs (e.g., chemotherapy, antibiotics such as nafcillin, penicillin, and cephalosporins) Radiation therapy Adrenal corticosteroids and other

Lymphocytes 20-40% Viral infection Mononucleosis Tuberculosis

Chronic bacterial infection Lymphocytic leukemia Monocytes 2-8% Chronic inflammatory disorder Tubercolusis Protozoan infections (e.g., malaria, Rocky mountain spotted fever) Chronic ulcerative colitis 1-4% Allergic reactions (e.g., asthma, hay fever, or hypersensitivity to a drug) Parasitic infestations ( e.g., round worms) Leukemia

immunosuppressive drugs Auto immune diseases ( e.g., lupus erythematosus) Severe malnutrition Drug therapy: Prednisone

Eosinophils

Corticosteroid therapy

Basophils 0-2% Platelet count Platelets are fragments of cytoplasm that function in blood coagulation. 150,000350,000/mm

Malignant tumors Polycythemia vera

Acute allergic reaction Coricosteroids Acute infections Idiopathic( unknown cause) Thrombocytopenic purpura Viral infection AIDS, Systemic lupus erythematosus, chemotherapy drugs, some types of anemia