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27
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29
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37
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38
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43
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S jf cif;? a&rD;jzwfawmufypfjcif;rsm; jyKvyk cf MhJ uonf/
{&m0wDwdkif; [oFmwNrdKUwGif owif;oHk;aeaom txifu& q&mawmf
bk&m;Bu;D onf r[etzGUJ wGif wm0efxrf;aqmif&ef tpOf wpdu
k jf iif;qef
cJhrIaMumifh tqdkygausmif;wdkuftm; taxmuftyHhjyKae aomjynfolrsm;
tm; raumif;owif;wD;wdk;jzefYcJhonf/ ok0Ptm;upm;uGif; wnf
aqmuf&ef[q
k u
kd m ausmif;wdu
k af ygif; 20 ausmu
f kd zsuq
f ;D cJjh cif;? ouFe;f
uRef;aq;kH wnfaqmuf&eftaMumif;jy usdKuqHbk&m;BuD;teD;&Sd
ausmif;rsm;udk zsufqD;ypfcJhjcif;? ausmif;zsuf&ef jiif;qefcJhaom &[ef;
oHCmawmftrsm;pkuv
kd nf; trdeYf (6^90) xkwjf yef vl0wfvyJ pfco
hJ nf/
xdjYk yif *dP
k ;f Bu;D 9 *dP
k ;f nDnw
G af tmifvyk o
f nfqakd omfvnf; trSepf ifppf
46
nDnGwfrIxuf NydKuGJrIuydkrsm;cJhonf/ ppftmPm&Siftkyfpkonf 1965

ckESpfu ratmifjrifcJhaom oHCmawmfrsm;tay: csKyfudkifa&;udprsm;
tm; 1989 ckESpfrS pwifjyefvnftaumiftxnfazmfcJhonf/ r[e
ryg0ifvakd omq&mawmfBu;D rsm;ESihf qefu
Y siaf omoHCmxkukd trnfzsuf
jcif;? vkyif ef;t& aESmuf,u
S jf cif;? zrf;qD;axmifcsjcif;? vl0wfvyJ pfjcif;
ponfjzifh tMurf;zufum r[etzGJUwGif yg0ifap&efzefwD;cJhMuonf/
xdkYaMumifhtaMumif;trsdK;rsdK;aMumifh yg0ifcJh&aom q&mawmfrsm;ESifh
tjcm;oHCmawmfrsm;tMum; oHCmwdkY\ "rpufxuf e0wwdkY\ tm
Pmpufu a&SUa&mufaeaomaMumifh oHCmxkonf pdwf0rf;uGJjym;rIrsm;
jzpfay:vmcJh&avonf/ xdkYaMumifh ==r[eonf b,m*wd? vmb*wd
&Sad eaomaMumifh omoemudk ud,
k pf m;rjyKEikd af Mumif;++ azmfjycsuyf g&Sad om
1990 jynfhESpfwGif xkwfjyefcsufwpfckyif xGufay:vmcJhavonf/
aemufqHk;wGif =88+ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHkBuD;wGif jynfol vl
xkbufrS axmufcH&yfwnfcJhaom orkwdEG,f0if oHCmawmft&Sifjrwf
rsm;udk ==ta&NcKH ouFe;f 0wf? uwH;k awG? Auy,l*s0D ifrsm;++ponfjzifh trsKd ;
rsKd ;pGypf u
JG m qJa&;wdik ;f xGmcJo
h nf/ xdt
Yk jyif oHCmawmfrsm;? omraPrsm;?
oDv&Sifrsm;udk omoem0ifrSwfwrf;rsm;ESifh omoeEG,f0ifrSwfwrf;rsm;
jyKvkyfap oHCmawmfwpfyg;jcif;\ udk,fa&;tcsuftvufrsm;udk rSwf
wrf;wifum vIy&f mS ;cGirhf &atmif csKyu
f ikd cf MhJ uonf/ r[euJo
h Ykd Edik if aH wmf
oHCmhr[me,utzGJU xlaxmifxm;jcif;jzifh vdktyfonfhtrdefYnTefMum;
csufrsm;udk omoema&;OD;pD;XmeujyKpk r[erSwpfqifh xkwfjyefap
oHCmxkudk enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh csKyfudkifcJhonf/
rnfoyYkd if csKyu
f ikd &f ef BuKd ;pm;apumrl t"ronf "rukd vTr;f rd;k Edik f ;kd
xHk;pHr&SdcJhacs/ Ak'jrwfpGmbk&m;onf (45) 0gywfvHk; a[mMum;awmfrlcJh
aom omoemawmfonf y&d,wd? y#dywd? y#da0" [l (3) rsdK;&dS\/
xdk (3) rsdK;wGif y&d,wdomoemawmfonf tajccHusqHk;jzpf\/ y&d,wd
tay: y#dywdudk wnfaqmuf&\/ y#dywdtay: y#da0"udk wnf
aqmuf&\/ xdkYaMumifh tajccHy&d,wd NydKvQif tv,fxyf y#dywdESifh
tay:xyf y#da0"wdkYvnf; &Sdawmhrnfr[kwf/ tajccHy&d,wdudk xdef;
odrf;apmifha&SmufcJholrsm;onf oHCmh&wemrsm;jzpfMu\/
47
Ak'*,modkY bk&m;zl;<ucJhpOfu
48
oHCmhaus;Zl;
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si\
f omoemawmf (3) &yfv;kH ,aeYwikd f urmay:
wnf&adS ejcif;onf y&d,wdo
moemawmfukd xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufawmfrl
Muaom oHCm&wemrsm;\ aus;Zl;aMumifjh zpf\/ oHCm&wemrsm;onf
jrwfpGmbk&m; oufawmfxif&Sm;&SdcsdefrSp ,aeYtxd ESpfaygif; (2500)
ausmw
f ikd af tmif pOfqufrjywf vufqifu
h rf; y&d,wdo
moemawmfukd
xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufvmMu\/ o*Fg,emtxyfxyfwifvnf; xdef;
odrf;apmifha&SmufMu\/ xdkodkY xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufMu&mwGif ypnf;
av;yg;acgif;yg;onfh tcgor,udkvnf; MuHK&\/ rnfodkYqdkap tmZm
enf oHCm&wemrsm;onf y&d,wdomoemawmfudk raysmufuG,f
atmif? y&d,wdo
moemawmfukd r,d,
k iG ;f atmif Bu;D rm;aom ZGv
J v
YkH jzifh
wynfhpOfquf vufqifhurf; apmifha&SmufMu\/ xdef;odrf;Mu\/
oD[dkVfacwf p@mvwd olykefab;ESifh BuHKpOfu opf&Guf? opfzk bkef;
ay;vnf; y&d,wdomoemawmfudk wm0efrysuf xdef;odrf;apmifh
a&SmufMu\/
49
==om*g&m tem*g&mp? Oabm tanmn edw

d m++ [laomw&m;
awmfEiS t
hf nD Ak'b
momEdik if rH sm; q&mESihf 'umwdt
Yk csi;f csi;f vufwNJG y;D
jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ omoemawmfudk oefY&Sif;atmif? wnfwHh atmif?
jyefyY mG ;atmif aqmif&u
G Mf u\/ xdo
k Ydk aqmif&u
G &f mwGif q&mrsm; bufu
"r'gejzifh wm0ef,&l \/ 'g,umrsm;bufu tmrdo'gejzifh wm0ef,&l
\/ "r'gejzifh wm0ef,jl cif;[lonf jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mMum; awmfrcl ahJ om
a'oemawmfrsm;udk o*Fg,emwifjcif;tm;jzifjh zpfap? oif tHycYkd sjcif;tm;
jzifh jzpfap *E"&l ? 0dyem"l&wdjYk zifh aqmif&u
G jf cif;jzpf\/ tmrdo'gejzifh
wm0ef,ljcif;[lonfrSm "l&ESpfrsdK;jzifhaqmif&Gufaeaom oHCmawmfrsm;
tm; ypn;f av;yg;wdjYk zifh axmufyv
hH LS 'gef;jcif;jzpf\/ odv
Yk Qif q&mESihf
'g,umwdkYonf wm0efukd,fpDjzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;\ omoemawmfudk oefY
&Sif;atmif tm;xkwfMu\/ wnfwHhatmif BudK;yrf;Mu\/ jyefYyGm;atmif
aqmif&GufMu\/ omoemjyKenf;ywfoufvnf; ==r[m0d[m&o'doH
0d[m&o[H0g r[mapwd,o'doH apwd, o[oH 0g aw,m*k
yd 0erwHy o
d moeH oEma&wHk eoaumwd++ qdo
k uJo
h Ykd oD&v
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r[m0d[m&ausmif;wdkufvdk ausmif;wdkufaygif; wpfaomif;onfvnf;
aumif;? r[mapwDvkd apwDaygif;wpfaomif;onfvnf;aumif; omoem
awmfudk ,m*kwpfBudrfaomufumvrQyif wnfwHhatmif rpGrf;aqmifEdkif
ay/
bk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; (45) 0gywfvHk; a[mawmfrlcJhaom a'
oemwdkYudk tkyfpkedum,ftm;jzifh zGJUvQif (1) 'DCedum,f
(2) rZdsredum,f
(3) oH,kwedum,f
(4) t*Fkw&edum,f
(5) ck'uedum,f [l ig;rsdK;jzpfygonf/
edum,fudk edum,f[k jrefrmrIjyKxm; t"dyg,frSm =taygif;tpk+
=tkyfpk+ [l t"dyg,f&onf/ Hk
(1) ='DC+ - &Snv
f sm;? &Snv
f sm;aom okwe af 'oemtaygif;tpkukd
='DCedum,f+[kac:onf/
50
(2) =rZdsr+ - r&Snfrwdk? tv,ftvwf? tv,ftvwfokwef

a'oem taygif;tpkudk =rZdsredum,f+ [kac:onf/
(3) =oH,kw+ - qufpyf,SOfwGJvQufpyf,SOfwGJ yl;aygif;oifhaom
okwefa'oemtaygif;tpkudk =oH,kwedum,f+ [kac:onf/
(4) =t*Fkw&+ - t*Fg&yfwpfckwpfck? Ow& ydkvGef? ausmfvGef?
taMumif; wpfrsdK;wnf;a[maom w&m;tpktaygif;? 2 ckwGJw&m;tpk?
3 ckwGJ w&m;tpk? 4 ckwGJw&m;tpkponfjzifh 11 ckwGJw&m;tpktxd
t*Fg&yfwpfckwpfckydkvGef (wpfckwpfckwdk;) pDpOfxm;aom okwef
a'oemtaygif;tpkudk t*Fkw&[kac: jrefrmrIjzifh ==t*FkwdK&f++
[kac:onf/
(5) =ck'u
+ - ti,fpm;? wdw
k x
dk mG xGm? wdw
k x
kd mG xGm taMumif;a[m
jycsuf uav;rsm;taygif;tpkudk ck'uedum,f[kac:onf/
yd#uwfoHk;jzmqdkonfrSmwzef yd#uwftm;jzifh cGJjcm;ygrl(1) okwefyd#uwf
(2) 0denf;yd#uwf
(3) tbd"rmyd#uwf [l oHk;rsdK;jzpfygonf/
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t"dyg ,f&yg\/ emrnfrsm;onf bk&m;&Sif y&deAd m efjyKNy;D rS yxro*Fg
,emwGif ay:vmaom toHk;tEIef;rsm; jzpfygonf/
[dkNrdKU? 'D&Gm? [dke,f? 'De,f ae&mwumwdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;
cJah om w&m;a'oemawmfwo
Ykd nf oDBuKd ;r&Sad om yef;yGiu
hf o
hJ Ykd tESt
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wif yxrqHk; pkpnf;cJhMuygonf/
xdkpOf wif;awmif;BuD; 3 vHk;udk csxm;bdouJhodkY pdwf0,fydkif;jcm;
owfrSwfcsxm;NyD;vQif okwefydkif;qdkif&m w&m;a'oem[lorQudk
yxrawmif;BuD;xJ tukefxnfh? 0denf;ydkif;qdkif&m[lorQudk 'kwd,
awmif;BuD;xJ tukefxnfhNyD;vQif tbd"rm[lorQudk wwd,awmif;BuD;
xJxnfhcJhMujcif;jzpfygonf/
51
bk&m;vufxufawmfurl ="r+ ESifh =0de,+ [lrQom emrnfcGJjcm;

rI&cdS yhJ gonf/ xdak emuf edum,f ig;&yfEiS hf yd#uwfo;kH oG,[
f
l oH;k EIe;f cJMh u
onf/ ,cktcg yd#uwfoHk;oG,f [l ydktoHk;wGifcJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh pmayy&d,wdudk wu,fuRrf;usifNyD; udk,fusifhodum
jrifrh m;aom tmZmenfy*k Kd vx
f ;l rsm; ay:aygufvmatmif aqmif&u
G af y;
jcif;onfom wu,fwrf; xda&mufaom omoemjyKenf;rnf\++ [l
q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg;u rdefYzl;ygonf/
xdkYjyif vkyfief;wpfckudk vkyfudkif&mwGif &nf&G,fcsufvnf; rSefuef
rnf/ 0D&d,vnf; jyif;xefrnf/ pdwf"mwfvnf;ckdifrmrnf/ tajrmf
tjrifvnf; &SdrnfqdkvQif avmuDa&;&mjzpfap? avmukw&ma&;&m
jzpfap? rvGJraoGatmifjrif\ [k jrwfpGmbk&m;u a[mawmfrlxm;\/
t*Fgav;&yfudk 'dyg'f[kqdk\/ 'dyg'f[lonf wefcdk;yifwnf;/ xdkY
aMumifh aqmif&u
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xdkufoifhoavmufawmh wkefvIyfapEdkifyg\/
xdaYk Mumifv
h nf; wdik ;f &if;om; jynfow
l pf&yfv;kH &ifqikd Bf uKH awGUcHpm;
aeMu&onfh Edik if aH &;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlraI &; bufaygif;pHk taxGaxGtMuyf
twnf;rsm;udk &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;onf rsufESmvGJcJypf Oayum
rjyK&ufEdkifMuay/ jynfolwdkYuvnf; oHCmwdkYxHrS omoemawmft&Snf
wnfwahH &;twGuf y&d,w?d y#dyw?d y#da0" (oifr?I usirhf ?I Nird ;f csr;f aom
w&m;&&SdrI) [laom oHk;jzmaom omoemawmfudk arQmfvifhudk;pm;
ausmif;? ouFef;? qGrf;? aq;wdkYudk axmufyHhcsD;ajrSmufvmcJhMuonf/
odkYaomf ,cktcg acwftajctaet& omoemawmfukd ulyHhae
aom 'g,um? 'g,dumrwdkYrSm pD;yGm;a&;? EdkifiHa&; pepfqkd;'PfaMumifh
o'gcdkifcdkifxm;EdkifzdkYta&;onf vGefpGmMuyfwnf;cufcJvmcJhayonf/ odkY
uvdk pm;0wfaerI pepfqdk;udk qufvufBuHKawGUcHpm;&ygu jrefrmEdkifiH
awmfwGif ax&0g'omoemawmfonf rsm;rMumrDtwGif; qdyfokOf;uG,f
aysmufa&muf&rnfhtajcodkY qdkufa&mufvmcJh&ayonf/
52
odkYtwGufaMumifh jrefrmEdkifiHawmfwGif ax&0g'omoemtwGuf

q&m? 'um pnf;vH;k nDnw
G rf t
I oGit
f m;jzifh axmufyt
H m;ay;MuouJo
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vdktyfvmvQif wdkif;jynfta&;? omoema&;twGuf q&m? 'um vuf
wG
J umuG,af pmifah &SmufvmMuaom xH;k enf;om"uwdv
Yk nf; a&S;jrefrm
rif;vufxufuyif &SdcJhayonf/ EdkifiHa&;ESifh bmoma&;onf uGJjym;jcm;
em;vmavonf/ bmoma&;\ tajccHonfh udk,fusifhoDvyifjzpfonf/
oefpY ifjcif;? 0do'k Ed iS hf ,HMk unfjcif;o'gw&m;wdyYk ifjzpfonf/ Edik if aH &;onf
tmPmtajccH vlUordkif;wavQmufwGif tmPm& tkyfpdk;olrsm;onf
rdrdtmPmtkyfpdk;&jcif;udk w&m;0ifaMumif;? bk&m;tvdkawmfusjzpfvm
aMumif; vlxk,HkMunfap&ef bmoma&;udk qGJoHk;cJhonf/ wenf; rdrd
EdkifiHa&;tmPmtusdK;twGuf bmoma&;udk vkd&mqGJ toHk;cscJhMujcif;
omjzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh bmomw&m;\ jrifhrm;onfh udk,fusifhw&m;pHrsm;onf
Edik if aH &;avmbrsm;aMumifh ,kwn
f rhH rI sm; tjzpfuse&f pfco
hJ nf[
l t&Sif
a'gufwmauoD&d"rmeE\ What Buddhists Believe pmtkyfwGif a&;
om;xm;avonf/
tar&duefvw
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f yfa&;aMunmpmwrf; yg&Sad om aomrwfp*f suf
zmqif\ ==vlwdkif;udk nDrQpGm zefqif;xm;wmjzpfw,f++ (All men are
created equal) qdkonfhpum;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf vGefcJhaom ESpf
aygif; 2500 ausmcf efu
Y yif a[mMum;awmfrcl o
hJ nf/ xdt
Yk jyif ZmwfcjJG cm;
rI? vlwef;pm;cGJjcm;rIqdkonfrSm vlYtzGJUtpnf;xJ vlawGuyif zefwD;cJh
onfht&mrsm;omjzpfNyD;? jrwfAk'u vludkcGJjcm;owfrSwf&m ,if;wdkY\
tusifhoDvtay:wGifom tajccHom t,kwf?tvwf? tjrwfcGJjcm;cJh
avonf/
vlom;rsm;tcsif;csif; vlabmiftusdK;udk aqmif&Guf&m pdwfyg
vufyg twlwuG dik ;f yif;ulnv
D yk af qmifMu&efvnf; a[mMum;awmfrcl hJ
onf/
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OD;a&Tatmif\ ==Ak
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rsm;pGmta&;BuD;\/ usrf;*efrsm; pnf;vHk;rIudk 2 rsdK;jy\/ pnf;vHk;rI
wpfrsKd ;udk or*gorE[
ak c:\/ or*gorEt
& pnf;vH;k aomtcg Edik if H
53
om;tm;vH;k wdo
Yk nf olwvl? igwrif;oabmrsKd ;r&S?d tm;vH;k wom;wnf;
jzpfMu\/ waoG;? woH? wrdefYwnf;jzpf\/ a,m*orEt& pnf;vHk;
aomtcg EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;wdkYonf waoG;? woH? wrdefYwnf;rjzpf? ol
wvl? igwrif;jzpfMu\/ wpfom;wnf;jzpfaom pnf;vHk;nDnGwfrIudk jzpf
ay:atmif tm;xkwf&mwGif tjrifcsif;wlnDrIESifh tusifhjcif;wlnDrIonf
ta&;BuD;onf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;udk zGJUpnf;&mwGif tjrifjcif;
wlrIESifh tusifhcsif;wlrItay: tajccH pnf;kH;cJhjcif;jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh
oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;\ pnf;vHk;rIonfuspfvspf\/ odyfonf;\/ wpfaoG;?
wpfoH? wpfrdefYwnf;jzpf\/ oHCmtzGJUtzGJUtpnf;wGif ZmwftoD;oD;
yg0if\/ od&Yk mwGif oHCmhtzGUJ tpnf; Zmwfonf rxifay:awmh/ oHCmh
tzGJUtpnf;tzGJU0iftjzpfom xifay:\/++ [la&;om;az:jyxm;av
onf/ xdaYk Mumifyh if ESpaf ygif; 2500 ausmu
f wnf;uwnfaqmufcahJ om
oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;onf urmay:wGif ,aeYwdkifatmif xif&Sm;wnf&Sdae
jcif;jzpfonf/ Ak'jrwfpGmbk&m;udk rnfodkYudkrSvnf; BudKwifcefYxm;jcif;
r&Sdacs/ oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;udk "r0de,uom vrf;nTefawmfrl&rnf
omjzpfonf/ ,aeYxufwikd f oHCmawmfrsm;udk Ak'\
0denf;Oya'rsm;u
omcsKyu
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f ;D Ncrd ;f ajcmuf
EdkifpGrf;r&Sday/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf/ 'Drdkua&pDjzpfpOf t&om ndEIdif;?
wdkifyif? pnf;a0;? qHk;jzwf? vkyfudkifjcif;udkom tm;ay;onf/ oHCmh
tzGUJ tpnf;wGif oHCmxkEiS hf qdik af om ta&;udpw
ikd ;f udk oHCmawmfwikd ;f
yg0ifaqG;aEG;qH;k jzwfyikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf/ Bu;D rm;aomjyemrsm; ay:aygufvm
rSomvQif jyemtwdrt
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ayrnf/
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momonf Edik if aH &;tmPmudk csO;f uyf&mwGif ud,
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Yl mPmudk oH;k pG&J m wm0ef,rl t
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84
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85
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86
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88
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158
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251

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OL;&d, (odrYk [kw)f tarSmifuckd iG ;f tvif;aqmifaeol

OL;&d, (odrYk [kw)f tarSmifuckd iG ;f tvif;aqmifaeol

The Best Friend Library

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