EHV Transmission Equipments

C. K. Thakur Chief Design Engineer (Project Engineering Electrical) NTPC

Over view

     

Switching Schemes. Type of Towers. Type of conductors. Switchyard types. Switchyard equipments. Switchyard Layouts.

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Switching schemes
    

Single bus. Main and Transfer (sectionalised). Double bus. One and half breaker scheme. Double main and Transfer (Sectionalised). Double Breaker
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Factors Affecting Switching Scheme

System Security/Reliability. - Feeder Fault. - Bus Fault. - Equipment Failure. - Redundancy.


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Factors Affecting Switching Scheme (Contd.)

  

  
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Operational Flexibility. Ease of Maintenance. Simplicity of Protection Arrangements. Ease of Extension. Area available. Cost.
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Line Towers
Single Circuit. Double Circuit. Dead end type. Tension Towers. Suspension Towers.

    

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Tower Design
Wind Force. Conductor Tension. Span. Type of conductor.

   

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Tower Hardwares
Insulator Strings. Vibration Dampers. Spacers. Earthwire & OPGW.

   

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Type of Conductor
ACSR Moose (800A). Zebra (700A). Rabbit (190A). Dog (290A).

   

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Switchyard Type
Conventional Air Insulated Type. Gas Insulated type. Air Insulated (Enclosed type).

  

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Switchyard Equipments.
Circuit Breaker. Disconnectors. Current Transformers. Capacitor Voltage Transformers. Lightning Arrestors. Post Insulators. Wave Traps
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General Parameters
Dielectric Parameters .(IEC 694) - Power Frequency Voltage. - Lightning Impulse Voltage. - Switching Impulse Voltage. - Corona Extinction Voltage. - RIV Level.


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400kV Equipments

a. . c. d. ate ltage 420 k ate freq e c 0 Hz ate sh rt time withstand 40 k rms f r ne (1) sec nd current ca acity Insulation levels for 420k ircuit breakers and isconnecting Switches a) 520 k rms between live i) ated one minute ower requency withstand voltage terminals and earth. 610 k rms across isolating distance. a) +/- 1425 k p bet een live terminals and earth. b) +/- 425 k p impulse on one termin l nd 240 k p power frequency of opposite polarity on other terminal (across isolating distance). a) +/- 050 k p between live terminals and earth. b) +/- 00 k p impulse on one terminal and 45 k p power frequency of opposite polarity on other terminal (across isolating distance). 000 micro volts for frequency between 0.5 hz and 2.0 hz for all equipment. However, for insulator strings the measurement would be at 05 k . Not less than 20 k rms b)

e.

g.

orona extinction voltage

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&

"

f.

ax. adio interference voltage at 266k rms

"

! 

iii) ated switching impulse withstand voltage

ii) ated lightning impulse withstand voltage

 

 

 

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220kV Equipments
a. b. c. d. ated voltage ated frequency ated short time withstand current capacity Insulation levels for 245k ircuit breakers and isconnecting Switches i) ated one minute power requency withstand voltage 245 k 50 Hz 40 k rms for one (1) second

e.

a)

460 k rms between live terminals and earth.

b) ii) ated lightning impulse withstand voltage

f.

ax. adio interference voltage at 56k rms

460 k rms across isolating distance. a) +/- 1050 k p bet een live terminals and earth. b) +/- 050 k p impulse on one terminal and other terminal earthed (across isolating distance). 000 micro volts for frequency between 0.5 hz and 2.0 hz for all equipment.

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'

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132kV Equipments
a. b. c. d. ated voltage ated frequency ated short time withstand current capacity Insulation levels for 145k ircuit breakers and isconnecting Switches i) ated one minute power requency withstand voltage 145 k 50 Hz 31.5 k

rms for one (1) second

e.

a)

2 5 k rms between live terminals and earth.

ii) ated lightning impulse withstand voltage

f.

Max. adio interference voltage at 2k rms

2 5 k rms across isolating distance. a) +/- 460 k p between live terminals and earth. b) +/- 460 k p impulse on one terminal and other terminal earthed (across isolating distance). 1000 micro volts for frequency between 0.5 Mhz and 2.0 Mhz for all equipment. b)

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General Parameters (Contd.)

Rated Current. Short Time Current. Creepage Distance.

  

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Circuit Breakers Type

MOCB. ABCB. SF6

  

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Circuit Breaker
Fault clearing. Load Make Break. Break Time. Single/Multi Break. Voltage Distribution across breaks. Closing resistors. Operating mechanism (Spring/Pneumatic/ ydraulic)
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Disconnectors
HCB Type. Double Break Type. Pantograph type. Vertical Break type. Provision of Earth Switches. Motor / Pneumatic operated. Gang operated/Single pole type.
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Current Transformer
Bar Primary type. Dead tank/Live tank type. Ring Type. No. of Cores. Ratio. Accuracy.

     

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Capacitor Voltage Transformer

Capacitance. Voltage Ratio. No. Of Cores. Accuracy.

   

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Lightning Arrestor
Gap Type / Gapless Type. Voltage Rating. Energy Capability. Monitoring. Location.

    

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Post Insulators
Voltage Rating. Cantilever Strength. Fixing Details.

  

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Wave Trap
   

Rated Inductance(0.5/1.0 mH). Rated current. Band Width. Coupling (Phase to Phase).

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Switchyard Layout Guidelines

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Place All Equpt. At ground level for ease of maintenance. Busbars placed at right angles to feeders. Accessibility of feeders from either side of switchyard. Conductor crossings at right angles be separated to achieve adequate clearances. 25

Switchyard Layout Guidelines(Contd.)



For 400kV
- Phase to Phase 4000 mm - Phase to earth 3500mm

For 220kV
- Phase to Phase 2100 mm - Phase to earth 2100mm

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Switchyard Layout Guidelines(Contd.)



Lower level connections can be of Rigid pipe or flexible conductor. Upper level connections can be of strung type only. For aesthetic looks and similarity all same equipments be in one line as far as possible. Road near circuit breaker be kept for maintenance purpose.
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Switchyard Layout Guidelines(Contd.)




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Provide Double insulator strings for upper level for safety reasons and to avoid busfaults due to conductor snapping. Cable trenches to be routed for ease in maintenance and movement. Lightning protection to be provided using Lightning masts and/or shield wires. Lighting to be provided by fixtures on 28 LM platform.