QUESTION PAPER-1 Max. Time: Three Hours General Instructions 1. All questions are compulsory. 2. Question nos.

1 to 8 are very short answer type questions and carry 1mark each. 3. Question nos. 9 to 18 are short answer type questions and carry 2marks each. 4. Question nos. 19 to 27 are also short answer type questions and carry 3marks each. 5. Question nos. 28 to 30 are long answer type questions and carry 5marks each. 6. Use log tables if necessary, use of calculators is not allowed. 1. Express 32.392800 to four significant figures. 2. Write the correct symbol for the nucleus with an a) atomic number 56 and mass number 138 b) atomic number 26 and mass number 55. Max. Marks: 70

3. Using periodic table, identify a) an element that would tend to gain two electrons b) an element that would tend to lose two electrons. 4. The critical temperature for carbon dioxide and methane are 31.10C and 81.90C respectively. Which of these has strong intermolecular forces and why? 5. In normal egg hard boiled egg, state whether order has increased or decreased and

consequently the direction of change of entropy of the system. 6. Arrange the following metals in the order in which they displace each other from the solution of their salts. Al, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn. 7. Give the balanced ionic reaction of Mn3+ on disproportionation. 8. Justify that the reaction: 2Na(s) + H2(g) 2NaH(s) is a redox reaction.

9. Write the empirical formulas of the compounds having the molecular formulas: a) C6H6 b) C6H12 c) H2O2 d) H2O. 10. The symbols of
79 35

Br and

35

Ba are not acceptable. Why?

11. Predict the formulae of the stable binary compounds that would be formed by the combination of the following pairs of elements: a) element 71 and F b) Al and I c) Si and O d) P and F. Or
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Why is benzene extra-ordinary stable though it contains three double bonds? 12. Although geometries of ammonia and water molecules are distorted tetrahedral, bond angle in water is less than that of ammonia. Why? 13. Explain the physical significance of van der Waals parameters. 14. Consider the reaction: A + B C + D. a) If the reaction is endothermic and spontaneous

in the direction indicated, then what would be the sign of G and S. 15. Can equilibrium be achieved between water and its vapour in an open vessel? Explain your answer and say what happens eventually. 16. What will be the conjugate bases for the following Bronsted acids: a) HF b) H2SO4 and c) HCO3-? 17. The electrode reduction potentials of four metallic elements A, B, C and D are + 0.79, 0.74, 1.08 and 0.31 V. Arrange these in order of decreasing electropositive character. Give reasons. 18. What is hydride gap? Why is heavy water used in nuclear reactors? 19. Explain open, isolated and closed systems with an example. 20. If water vapour is assumed to be a perfect gas, molar enthalpy change for vapourisation of 1 mol of water at 1bar and 100C is 41kJ mol1. Calculate the internal energy change, when (i) 1 mol of water is vaporised at 1 bar pressure and 100C (ii) 1 mol of water is converted into ice. 21. On what factors do Thomson argued that the amount of deviation of the particles from their path in the presence of electrical or magnetic field depends upon? 22. Explain charge on electron by Millikan. Or Classify the state of chemical equilibrium in a chemical reaction based on the extent to which the reactions proceed. 23. What does the graph below represent?

24. Give the reaction of alkali metals towards air. 25. Give three uses of sodium carbonate. 26. In the reactions given below, identify the species undergoing oxidation and reduction: (i) H2S (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g) + S (s) (ii) 3Fe3O4 (s) + 8 Al (s) 9 Fe (s) + 4Al2O3 (s) (iii) 2 Na (s) + H2 (g) 2 NaH (s) 27. Justify that the reaction: 2 Na(s) + H2(g) 2 NaH (s) is a redox change. 28. Write structures of different chain isomers of alkanes corresponding to the molecular formula C6H14. Also write their IUPAC names. Or Write structures of different isomeric alkyl groups corresponding to the molecular formula C5H11. Write IUPAC names of alcohols obtained by attachment of OH groups at different carbons of the chain. 29. Why do the following reactions proceed differently?

Or Write the net ionic equation for the reaction of potassium dichromate(VI) with sodium sulphite in an acid solution to give chromium(III) ion and the sulphate ion. 30. Derive the structure of (i) 2-Chlorohexane, (ii) Pent-4-en-2-ol, (iii) 3- Nitrocyclohexene, (iv) Cyclohex-2-en-1-ol, (v) 6-Hydroxyheptanal. Or Describe the main postulates of VSEPR theory.
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ANSWERS QP-1 1. 32.93 2. a)

138 56

Ba b)

55 26

Fe

3. a) O = 1s2 2s2 2p4, b) Ca = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 4. The intermolecular forces in carbon dioxide are more than in methane molecules because of greater polarity. 5. Disorder increases and the entropy increases. 6. Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Cu. 7. 2Mn3+ + 2H2O
0

Mn2+ + MnO2 + 4H+

+1

8. 2 Na + H 2

2 Na H (s). In this reaction Na is oxidised to Na+ and the hydrogen is

reduced to H- ion. Therefore it is a redox reaction. 9. a) CH b) CH2 c) HO d) H2O. 10. For a given element the no. of protons is the same for its isotopes whereas the mass number can be different for the given atomic number. 11. a) LuF3 b) AlI3 c) SiO2 d) PF5 Or The extra-ordinary stability of benzene is due to resonance. Due to this, the electron cloud gets delocalized resulting in the stability of the molecule. 12. In case of ammonia, only one lone pair of electron is present and due to repulsion between lp bp, the bond angle between bond pairs is 1070. In case of water, two lone pairs of electrons are present. Thus lp lp repulsion is more than lp bp. So the bond angle is reduced to 104.50. 13. Significance of constant b - The constant b is called co-volume or excluded volume per mol of a gas. Its units are L/mol. The volume of b is four times the actual volume of the molecules. Significance of constant a The value of constant a gives the idea of the magnitude of attractive forces between the molecules of the gas. Its units are atm/L2/mol2. Larger the value of a larger will be the intermolecular attraction among the gas molecules. 14. a) G = - ve and S = + ve b) G = - ve and S = -ve if H > TS.
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15. No. Here, the rate of evaporation is still constant but since the molecules get dispersed into a large open volume, the rate of condensation from gas to liquid state can never be equal to the rate of evaporates eventually completely.
2 16. a) HF F- b) H2SO4 - HSO - HSO4- and c) HCO3 - CO3 4

17. Higher the electrode potential lower is its tendency to lose electrons and therefore, lower is the electropositive character of the metal. So the metal are arranged as : B, D, A, C. 18. The metals of groups 7, 8 and 9 do not form hydrides. This region of periodic table from group 7 to 9 is referred to as hydride gap. Heavy water is used in the nuclear reactors to slow down the speed of neutrons (as moderator). 19. In an open system, there is exchange of energy and matter between system and surroundings. The presence of reactants in an open beaker is an example of an open system. Here the boundary is an imaginary surface enclosing the beaker and reactants. In a closed system, there is no exchange of matter, but exchange of energy is possible between system and the surroundings. The presence of reactants in a closed vessel made of conducting material e.g. copper or steel is an example of a closed system. In an isolated system, there is no exchange of energy or matter between the system and the surroundings. The presence of reactants in a thermos flask or any other closed insulated vessel is an example of an isolated system. 20.

21. i) The magnitude of the negative charge on the particle, greater the magnitude of the charge on the particle, greater is the interaction with the electric or magnetic field and thus greater is the deflection. ii) iii) The mass of the particle lighter the particle, greater the deflection. The strength of the electrical or magnetic field the deflection of electrons from its original path increases with the increase in the voltage across the electrodes, or the strength of the magnetic field. 22. R.A. Millikan (1868-1953) devised a method known as oil drop experiment (1906-14), to determine the charge on the electrons. He found that the charge on the electron to be 1.6 1019 C. The present accepted value of electrical charge is 1.6022 1019 C. The mass of the electron (me) was determined by combining these results with Thomsons value of e/me ratio.

Or Based on the extent to which the reactions proceed, the state of chemical equilibrium in a chemical reaction may be classified into three groups as follows: (i) The reactions that proceed nearly to completion and only negligible concentrations of the reactants are left. In some cases, it may not be even possible to detect these experimentally. (ii) The reactions in which only small amounts of products are formed and most of the reactants remain unchanged at equilibrium stage. (iii) The reactions in which the concentrations of the reactants and products are comparable, when the system is in equilibrium. 23. It represents the graph between p and 1/V. It is a straight line passing through origin. However at high pressures, gases deviate from Boyles law and under such conditions a straight line is not obtained in the graph.

24. The alkali metals tarnish in dry air due to the formation of their oxides which in turn react with moisture to form hydroxides. They burn vigorously in oxygen forming oxides. Lithium forms monoxide, sodium forms peroxide, the other metals form superoxides. The superoxide O2 ion is stable only in the presence of large cations such as K, Rb, Cs. 4 Li +O2 2LiO2 (oxide)

25. (i) It is used in water softening, laundering and cleaning. (ii) It is used in the manufacture of glass, soap, borax and caustic soda. (iii) It is used in paper, paints and textile industries. (iv) It is an important laboratory reagent both in qualitative and quantitative analysis. 26. (i) H2S is oxidised because a more electronegative element, chlorine is added to hydrogen (or a more electropositive element, hydrogen has been removed from S). Chlorine is reduced due to addition of hydrogen to it. (ii) Aluminium is oxidised because oxygen is added to it. Ferrous ferric oxide (Fe3O4) is reduced because oxygen has been removed from it. (iii) With the careful application of the concept of electronegativity only we may infer that sodium is oxidised and hydrogen is reduced. 27. Since in the above reaction the compound formed is an ionic compound, which may also be represented as Na+H (s), this suggests that one half reaction in this process is: 2 Na (s) 2 Na+(g) + 2e and the other half reaction is: H2 (g) + 2e 2 H(g). This

splitting of the reaction under examination into two half reactions automatically reveals that here sodium is oxidised and hydrogen is reduced, therefore, the complete reaction is a redox change.

28.

Or

29. Pb3O4 is actually a stoichiometric mixture of 2 mol of PbO and 1 mol of PbO2. In PbO2, lead is present in +4 oxidation state, whereas the stable oxidation state of lead in PbO is
8

+2. PbO2 thus can act as an oxidant (oxidising agent) and, therefore, can oxidise Cl ion of HCl into chlorine. Since PbO is a basic oxide, the reaction Pb3O4 + 8HCl +4 3PbCl2 + Cl2 + 4H2O can be splitted into two reactions namely: 2 PbCl2 + 2H2O (acid-base reaction) +2 0 PbCl2 + Cl2 +2H2O (redox reaction) 1

2PbO + 4HCl

PbO2 + 4HCl

Since HNO3 itself is an oxidising agent therefore, it is unlikely that the reaction may occur between PbO2and HNO3. However, the acid-base reaction occurs between PbO and HNO3 as: 2PbO + 4HNO3 2Pb(NO3)2 + 2H2O It is the passive nature of PbO2 against HNO3 that makes the reaction different from the one that follows with HCl. Or Step 1: The skeletal ionic equation is:

Step 2: Assign oxidation numbers for Cr and S

Step 3: Calculate the increase and decrease of oxidation number, and make them equal:

Step 4: As the reaction occurs in the acidic medium, and further the ionic charges are not equal on both the sides, add 8H+ on the left to make ionic charges equal

Step 5: Finally, count the hydrogen atoms, and add appropriate number of water molecules on the right to achieve balanced redox change.

30. i. The hexane indicates the presence of 6 carbon atoms in the chain. The functional group chloro is present at carbon 2. Hence, the structure of the compound is CH3CH2CH2CH2CH(Cl)CH3. The pent indicates that parent hydrocarbon contains 5 carbon atoms in the chain. en and ol correspond to the functional groups C=C and -OH at carbon atoms 4 and 2 respectively. Thus, the structure is CH2=CHCH2CH (OH)CH3. Six membered rings containing a carbon-carbon double bond is implied by cyclohexene which is numbered as shown in (I). The prefix 3-nitro means that a nitro group is present on C-3. Thus, complete structural formula of the compound is (II). Double bond is suffixed functional group whereas NO2 is prefixed functional group therefore double bond gets preference over NO2 group:

ii.

1-ol means that a -OH group is present at C-1. OH is suffixed functional group and gets preference over C=C bond. Thus the structure is as shown in (II):

The heptanal indicates the compound to be an aldehyde containing 7 carbon atoms in the parent chain. The 6-hydroxy indicates that -OH group is present at carbon 6. Thus, the structural formula of the compound is: CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH2CH2CHO. Carbon atom of CHO group is included while numbering the carbon chain. Or The main postulates of VSEPR theory are as follows: The shape of a molecule depends upon the number of valence shell electron pairs (bonded or non bonded) around the central atom.
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Pairs of electrons in the valence shell repel one another since their electron clouds are negatively charged. These pairs of electrons tend to occupy such positions in space that minimize repulsion and thus maximise distance between them. The valence shell is taken as a sphere with the electron pairs localising on the spherical surface at maximum distance from one another. A multiple bond is treated as if it is a single electron pair and the two or three electron pairs of a multiple bond are treated as a single super pair. Where two or more resonance structures can represent a molecule, the VSEPR model is applicable to any such structure.

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