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MASS TRANSFER
Albert. Gomezplata, and Thomas M. Regan
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1968, 60 (12), 53-62• DOI: 10.1021/ie50708a008 • Publication Date (Web): 01 May 2002
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ANNUAL REVIEW
Mass Transfer
Advances in mass transfer fundamentals
published during 1967 and 1968. A
section on membrane transport appears
for the first time
he format of this review is the same as that used in
Tthe last annual review by Bischoff and Himmelblau
[IND.ENG.CHEM.,60 (l), 66-74 (1968)l. A few modifi-
cations have been made. Of these, we note in particular
that interest tables have been expanded to include trans-
fer between swarms of particles and a continuous phase
(Table D-4), as well as membrane transport in Table I.
Molecular Diffusion
Arnold and Toor (2A) extended previous work to in-
clude experimental studies in a bounded system and
numerical studies of the nonlinear diffusion equations
in both bounded and unbounded systems. Two-dimen-
sional models for transport in the lower layers of the
atmosphere were presented by Poppendick (36A). He
illustrates the usefulness of the models by applications to
air pollution and climatology. A note by Shrier (42A)
reinforces the continued use of the Wilke-Chang correla-
tion for dissolved gases in liquids.
A solution to the generalized Stefan problem was pre-
sented by Grinberg (27A) for the freezing of a liquid and
related problems such as those of heat conduction and
diffusion. I n polymer systems, Goldstein and Laurence
(79A) considered activity corrections, and Li and Gainer
(30A) developed an expression to predict diffusion coeffi-
cients from heat of mixing and viscosity data. Scatter-
good and Lightfoot (47A) showed the importance of
the commonly neglected isotopic interaction in an ion
exchange system through an experimental and theoreti-
cal study utilizing a phenomenological approach cast
in the form of the Stefan-Maxwell equation. Cullinan
(77A) continued his work in predicting diffusion coeffi-
cients based on the absolute rate theory. He offered a
relationship for the diffusion coefficient of a dilute species
in a mixture of two solvents based on the linear addi-
tivity of the frictional activation energy (70A).
The intrinsic mobilities and interdependent fluxes in
multicomponent isothermal diffusion in simple and com-
plex Darken systems is clearly discussed by Carman
( 5 4 6A). Hansen (23A) presents simple correction fac-
tors for rapid calculation of the true diffusion coefficients
obtained by the absorption and desorption methods
ALBERT GOMEZPLATA
THOMAS M. REGAN
based on an exponential dependence on concentration.
He points out that very serious errors are made when
concentration dependence is neglected.
I n his continuing study of thermal diffusion, Emery
presents the results of a parallel-plate thermal diffusion
column packed with glass wool and operated in con-
tinuous flow (76A).
Turbulent Diffusion and Dispersion
Several studies have utilized liquid jet experiments to
obtain transport coefficients of dissolved gases in a liquid.
Duda and Vrentas (6B), through a rigorous analysis of
jet hydrodynamics, developed a technique to analyze jet
absorption data and concluded that the technique is
rapid and accurate. Davies and Ting (4B) report on an
experimental study that supports the Levich theory of
eddy behavior of an interface for COZ and Hz absorp-
tion into a turbulent water jet. They observed that
the mean concentration of gas absorption increases with
flow rate for a turbulent jet, in contrast to the decrease
commonly observed for laminar jets.
Capps and Rehm (3B) offer an empirical correlation
for determining the velocity distribution and momentum
eddy diffusivity profiles in pipes, based on the surface
roughness as the key parameter. Predictions compare
with available data to within *I% over the entire flow
region.
Hughmark (77B), in a comment on previous work of
San and Hanratty, examines the effect of high Schmidt
numbers on the limiting value of eddy diffusivity close
to a wall. Gill (32B) continued his studies of laminar
dispersion in capillaries by reporting experimental find-
ings on combined natural and forced convection in verti-
cal tubes. He also commented and developed a solu-
tion (77B) for the problem of transient mass dispersion
in fully developed laminar flow.
I n a continuation of his work on the performance of
packed beds, Shulman (38B) reports on liquid flow pat-
terns and velocities in packed beds. Two experimental
studies utilizing pulse techniques measured axial disper-
sion (7B) and radial dispersion (27B) in packed beds.
Aunicky (7B) considers longitudinal mixing of liquids
in bends and presents a design equation to evaluate the
percentage increase in the dispersion coefficient because
of a bend.
Estrin and Schmidt (8B) give a theoretical study of
the Higbie penetration model applied to unsteady gas
absorption with irreversible first-order reactions. The
effect of mixing on reactor performance is considered by
VOL. 6 0 NO. 1 2 DECEMBER 1 9 6 8 53
 TABLE A-I. GASEOUS DIFFUSION TABLE B-I. BASIC TURBULENT DIFFUSION
AND DISPERSION
Theoretical,
T , or Theoretical,
experi- T,01
Syrtern or topic mental, E Ref. experi-
Subject mental, E Ref.
Unsteady diffusion of methane-argon-hydrogen in Loschmidt
apparatus T, E 2A Cellular model based on large scale eddies IOB
Transient diffusion in composite slab T 7A Generalized penetration theory with effect of velocity compo-
Transition between Knudsen and molecular diffusion in ternary mix- nents 35B
ture T 14A Concentration and temperature distribution in entrance region 168
Calculation of diffusion coefficients T 22A
Axial diffusion with pulsed flow 128
Ethylene gas in HzO at Z O O , 25', 30OC by absorbing in laminar
H20 jet E 24A Transfer to falling liquid films 28
Temperature dependence of gas pair diffusivity E 25A Transfer into turbulent and laminar jets 4 8 , 68
Transport models for lower layers of atmosphere T 36A Velocity distribution in smooth and rough pipes 3B
Predicting gas diffusivities in liquids T 42A Eddy diffusivity close to a wall 178
Diffusion through a stagnant gas T 43A Transient dispersion in laminar flow 1 18
Mass transfer coefficients in gas boundary layer T 45A Narurai and forced convection in vertical capillaries 328
Nondiffusing species in turbulent gas phase T 46A

TABLE B-2. DISPERSION IN POROUS MEDIA

TABLE A-2. LIQUID DIFFUSION
Theoretical,
(Primarily Experimental Data and Method) T , or
experi-
System Technique Temp. Ref. Subject mental, E Ref.

Concd. aqueous K O H Diaphragm cell 25-65OC 3A Gas dispersion in packed beds E 7B

Aromatic and cycloparaffin Capillary cell 2-6OoC 4A Transfer in fluidized packed beds E 238, 288,338
hydrocarbons in H20 Quasi-homogeneous model for packed beds T 228
Hexamethylenetetramine Gouy interferometer Liquid flow patterns and velocities in packed beds E 388
aqueous solutions Transfer from packing surface at low Reynolds numbers E 318
Self-diffusion of Na + in ethyl- 25OC 37A Gravity effect on correlations of mass transfer in packed
ene glycol-HS0 and glycerol- columns 1QB
Ha0
Note on the applicability of dispersion results to packed
Osmotic coefficientsof poly- Differential osmometry 32A beds 27B
styrenesulfonates
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane- Gouy interferometer 33A
benzene
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane- TABLE B-3. DISPERSION I N EQUIPMENT
carbon tetrachloride
Ni-ammonium sulfate-HS0 Zeiss interferometer 34A Theoretical
25OC T , or
Self-diffusion of liquid COSand Radioactive tracer Reduced T of 38A expert-
propane 0.8, 0 . 9 Subject mental, E Ref.
0.97
Osmotic coefficients for HClOa- 25oc 40A Longitudinal dispersion in pipelines E 3QB
LiClOa-HnO Dispersion in fluid-bed reactors E 30B
HCIOa-NaC104-H20, LiCIOc Longitudinal dispersion in sieve trays E 298
NaCIOp-Hz0 Effect of pressure on longitudinal dispersion in gas-bubble columns E 18B
Design of apparatus with axial mixing .. 58
Longitudinal mixing in bends E IB
TABLE A-3. LIQUID DIFFUSION
ToPic Ref, TABLE B-4. CHEMICAL REACTOR APPLICATIONS
Equation for multicomponent systems with chemically similar Theoretical,
pairs 1A T , or
Interdependent fluxes in multicomponent systems 5A, 6 A erperi-
Prediction of diffusion coefficients QA-l3A, 3 7 A Subject mental, E Ref.
Activity correction in polymer systems 19.4 Note on the axial dispersion model ... 36B
Solution of the Stefan problem 21A Exact and approximate solution of the dispersion equation T 248-268
Concentration-dependent diffusion coefficients 23A Penetration theory applied to unsteady gas absorption T 88
Osmotic coefficients of tungstosilicic acid 26A Influence of packing on backmixing 378
T, E
Analytical solution with nonlinear boundary conditions 28A Influence of mixing on reactor performance T 150
Diffusion in polymer solutions 30A Recycle reactor to simulate incomplete mixing ... 348
Liquid metal diffusion coefficient 35A On the definition of"backmixing" and reply ... 148, 24B
Convective diffusion in the small penetration approximation 3QA Simulation of reactor with incomplete mixing T 138
Isotope interaction shown in ion exchange membrane 41A
An examination of the Nernst-Plank model 44A

TABLE A-4. THERMAL DIFFUSION

Horn and Parish (75B) for the case of general kinetics
Theoretical,
T 07 by means of the adjoint variables of optimization theory.
experi-
System or topic mental, E Ref. Their thorough study includes an examination of the
Twin bulb method for He-Ne-COz E,T 15A plug flow, series, and Taylor models. Mecklenburgh
Continuous flow in packed thermal diffusion column E 16A
Variation of nonisothermal diffusion coefficients E 17A and Hartland (24B-26B) present a numerical compari-
son of exact and approximate methods for the solution
of the dispersion equation with chemical reaction terms.
TABLE A-5. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
Method Ref. General Mixing Processes in Flow Systems
Pressure change in gaseous diffusion 18A As an extension of his former work with particulate
Vertical column open to different compartments at ends 20A systems, Gal-Or (9C) presented a theory for the case of
Ag+ and Ag(SOa)9- by rotating disk method 27A
A filter paper diaphragm technique 29A coupled heat and multicomponent mass transfer in dis-
persions and suspensions. Proposed normalized size

54 INDUSTRIAL A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY
distributions are compared with experimental results of
TABLE C-1. AGE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
bubble size distributions in gas-liquid dispersion.
Theoretical,
The Residence Time Distributions (RTD) of different T , or
Expert-
models proposed to simulate mixing effects in reactors Subject mental, E Ref.
have been investigated. The R T D matching approach Residence time distribution (RTD)
to account for mixing effects has been applied to recycle Recycle reactor T 39C

reactors (39C), stirred tanks (45C)’ staged stirred tanks

Stirred tank
Staged stirred tanks
T+E $2g
Systems with internal reflux T 43C
(38C), internal reflux systems (43C), and gas-solid mov- Gas-solid moving bed T 44C
Moments of residence time distributions
ing beds (44C). The moments of the R T D have been Sta ed tanks with backmixing T 23C
Muftistage process T 36C
evaluated for the cases of series stirred tanks with back- Distribution functions to describe eddy renewal model T 26C
mixing (23C) and for fixed bed multistaged processes Effect of R T D on performance of fluidized bed E 24C
Coupled heat and mass transfer with residence time and size
with linear kinetics (36C). distribution in dispersions T, E QC
Howarth (76C) used a new technique for measuring
coalescence frequency in an agitated tank based on the TABLE C-2. M I X I N G I N STIRRED TANKS
transients in mean drop size resulting from a stepwise Theoretical,
T , or
reduction in agitation intensity. Other experimental Experimental
studies in stirred tanks have considered the level of mix- Subject E Ref.
ing (7C), mixing time (72C, 74C, 77C, 28C), and droplet Level of mixing in continuous flow vessel T, E 7c
Mixing by recirculation E 12c
size. Miller (37C) reports an experimental investiga- Power input and mixing time E 14c
tion of particle mass transfer in baffled agitated tanks. Coalescence frequency E 76C
Power requirements and drop size with screen blade tur-
His results include a general correlation based on the bine E 21C, 22C
Frossling equation. This study is recommended for Scale-up parameters for fixed solute surfaces E 37C
Gas agitation of liquid E 28C
designers since it suggests scale-up criteria.
A good review of single phase gas and liquid mixtures, TABLE C-3. M I X I N G I N FLUIDIZED BEDS
including dispersion in packed and fluidized beds and Theoreticsl
some hybrid type of contactors, is presented by Gunn Expirirnenlal,
T , or
(77C). Pyle and Harrison (37C) show through experi- Subject E Ref.
mentation and clever deduction that the two-phase Solids mixing by single bubble E 49c
theory of fluidization is not rigorous. Fluidized bed Response of gas to a stimulus E 50C
Pulse technique using particle temperature as a tracer E 41c
models based on their analysis might give better correla- Investigation of two-phase theory of fluidization T, E 37C
tions. A sophisticated model for fluidized bed reactors is Mixing and contacting models T 32C
Backmixing and chemical reaction T 27C
presented by Mireau and Bischoff (32C). A pulse Longitudinal solid mixing in a screen-packed bed E 20c
technique for studying mixing in a fluidized bed has Mixing of solids in adjacent beds E 3c
Equations of motion T 1c
been employed by Sandblom (47C) and Yoshida and Flow patterns in spouted beds E 30C
Kunii (50C). Mixing in three-phase bed E 47C,48C
Review of mixing in packed and fluidized beds ... 1 IC
Other mixing studies are listed in Table C-4. For an
excellent review of mixing, refer to Oldshue’s Annual
TABLE C-4. OTHER M I X I N G APPLICATIONS
Reviews (34C).
Theoretical,
T , or
interphase Mass Transfer Ewperimentol,
Subject E Ref.
Theoretical studies of interphase liquid mass transfer Mixins in stage contactors*
have included the surface stretch model applied to uni- rnlumns fG-L) E 13c
E 18C
form wave motion (380)’falling films at low Reynolds E
E
35C,46C
2c
number (720)’ and the effect of surfactants on the trans- Mixing in porous medium with stagnant zones 2QC
Mixing in periodic countercurrent pracesses 15C
fer rate in laminar films (70). The experimental Washing of liquid retained in granular solids 1 IC
studies summarized in Table D-1 deal mostly with sur- Dynamic behavior of isothermal crystallizer 42C
Modeling problems in mass transfer equipment 40C
face characteristics of films as they influence the mass Influence of mixing on solid-to-liquid transfer with chemi-
transfer rate. cal reaction 4c
Effect of vapor mixing on tray efficiency 8C
The Graetz problem for turbulent flow between Drying of solid spheres with fine solid particles 6C
parallel plates with nth order reactions on one wall has Effect of mixing on liquid-liquid extraction 1oc
Effect of mixing and diffusion of high viscosity fluid in
been solved by Solbrig and Gidaspow (790) to estimate stirred tanks and extruders 33c
the effect of diffusion on the rate of reaction. Their Analysis of polycondensation reactor 79c
Review of mixing 34c
solution applies to turbulent flow with a well-defined
isothermal catalytic surfaces. Smith and Winnick a G 3 gas, L = liquid, S = solid

VOL. 6 0 NO. 1 2 DECEMBER 1 9 6 8 55

 TABLE D-3. TRANSFERTO AND FROM SINGLE DROPS,
BUBBLES OR SOLID PARTICLES
Subject Ref.

Primarily Theoretical
Modes of aerosol particle motion 80
Dissolving of stationary gas bubble in liquid 100
Force on spherical evaporating particle due to motion
and temperature gradients 260
TABLE D-1. GENERAL INTERPHASE MASS TRANSFER Rate equation for molecular diffusion in stagnant drop 410
Theoretical, Shape of drop or bubble at low Reynolds number 670
T , or Mass transfer to drop or bubbles at high Reynolds
Experimental, number 140
Subject E Ref. Transport to sphere 530
Profile of a growing droplet 320
Primarily Theoretical
Sphere or drop approaching a surface 4 0 , 160
Transfer with moving interface E, T 20 Transport and wake phenomena 550
Transfer to falling films a t low Reynolds number T 720
Application of surface stretch model to uniform wave Primarily Experimental
motion in falling films T 380 Large or cap bubbles l S D , 300, 8 3 0 , 8 2 0 ,
Effect of surface-active materials on transfer in laminar 870
films T 70 Sphere or drop approaching a surface 40,330
Transfer under oscillatory fluid flow T 360 Experimental method to study (G-L) 930
Effect of surface resistance on penetration theory T 750 Drag coefficients (L-G) 90
Over-all coefficient for a system containing a solid phase T 60 Transport coefficients (G-L,S-L,S-G) 270, 640, 860
O n recent correlation of mass transfer data ..* 390 Terminal velocity for noncontaminated (L-L) 88D
Comments and reply on diffusion in a homogeneous
fluidized bed ... 370 Micron thick samples of liquid surfaces
Mass and heat transfer from rigid spheres
540
400
Primarily Experimental
Reviews
Correlation of effect of surface roughness ... 560
Gas absorption from bubbles 110
Drying in granular beds E 850
Evaluating phase diffusion resistance for thin films E 770 Heat and mass transfer from spheres 250
Transfer across mobile interfaces E 7 0
Transfer through horizontal liquid films in wavy motion E 290
Absorption of gases in liquids E 180 TABLE D-4. TRANSFER BETWEEN A CONTINUOUS
Transfer in wetted-wall column with stirred film E 520 PHASE AND A DISCONTINUOUS PHASE OF
Effect of interfacial turbulence in liquid extraction E 30 D ISCRETE PART ICLES
Hydrodynamics of film and ripple flow E SOD
Transfer in cocurrent pipe flow E Subject Ref.
920
Scale-up problems in mass transfer equipment ... 710 General heterogeneous flow
Reviews Basic equations includin the second law 810
Design equations for tan%-typecontactor 740
Adsorption processes ... 120 Review with foreign references 350
Coefficientsfor gas-liquid transfer in packed columns 660
Transfer a t interfaces 170,700 Agitated stage-contactors
Transport equations for transfer in liquid films 340 Effective interfacial area (L-L) 220
Size distribution (G-L,L-L,L-L) 1 4 0 , 4 3 0 , 80D
Fluid and particle motion (S-L) 750, 760
Holdup and flooding (G-L) 730
TABLE D-2. SIMULTANEOUS INTERPHASE
TRANSFER AND CHEMICAL REACTION Bubble columns (all G-L)
Size from porous plate distributor 470,480,570
Subject Reactants or order Ref. holdup 4 7 0 , 500
Velocity distribution 500
Primarily Experimental Friction factors 490
Coalescence 570
Effect of slurry particle geometry and Acetylation of alkyl chlorides Transfer coefficients 600
state of aggregation with sodium acetate 680
Absorption with reaction in packed bed Carbon dioxide absorption in Fluidized b e d s
sodium chloride solution 650
Oxidation of methane to Holdu of solid particles 420
Fluidized bed as reactor Transgr coefficients between phases (S-G)
formaldehyde 590 Hydromechanical model 5 8 0 , 26 43 0
23'0,
Absorption in novel constant-interface Carbon dioxide in concen- Transfer coefficient at wall (S-L) 450
apparatus trated alkaline solution 460 Dynamics of adsorption and desorption (S-G) 890
Mass transfer driving force for a system Carbon dioxide in sodium
with a chemical reaction hydroxide 620 Liquid-liquid contactors (all L-L)
Radial behavior of dispersed droplets in packed bed 510
Primarily Theoretical Transfer coefficients in extraction units 280
Film penetration models with chemical 1st order 780 Transfer coefficients in pulse-perforated-plate columns 670
reaction for spheres and surfaces Air-agitated contactors 210
Turbulent transfer with reaction in a flat Arbitrary order 790
duct Other
Spray column with dense packing of drops a40
Air flotation of hexavalent chromium 310
Perforated plate column-froth and foam study 690
Slurry reactor-behavior of solid particles 840
Effect of droplet size-age distribution 910
Effect of mass transfer on drop size distribution 50

AUTHORS Albert Gomezplata is Professor and Thomas

M . Regan is Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, M d .

56 I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY
 ~~~ ~ ~ ~~

( 7 8 0 ) extended the film penetration theory to describe

TABLE E-I. PHASE TRANSITIONS
mass transfer with chemical reaction in a spherical drop
system and a surface resistance system. The kinetics of Theoretical,
T , or
the reaction of sodium acetate particles with an alkyl Experimental,
Tobit E Ref.
chloride were observed to change from first to zero order ~~ ~ ~

Vapor-phase fugacity coefficients for 114 binary systems T, E IE

by Polinski and Huang (680) when they adjusted the Evaporation rates of sprays T 2E
particle geometry and state of aggregation of the solid Kinetics of crystallization T 3E
Evaporation coefficients by jet tensimeter E 8E
phase. They offer the explanation of a change in con- Liquid droplet evaporation with surface impurities E IIE
trolling step from mass transfer to reaction, and propose
that osmotic diffusion is occurring inside the pores. -
Sublimation with slip flow E 9E

T h e studies of transport to single particles are numer- TABLE E-2. SIMULTANEOUS MASS
AND HEAT TRANSFER
ous. Large cap bubbles have received considerable
experimental attention (790, 300, 820, 830, 8 7 0 ) Theoretical,
T , or
because of their important role in fluidized beds. Cal- Experimental,
System or Topic E Ref.
derbank ( 7 7 0 ) , in the third part of a review series, in-
Rigid spheres T 4E
cludes mass transfer properties of bubbles. Mass and Parametric pumping E, T 5 E , QE
heat transfer from spheres was reviewed by Galloway Void fraction in random beds of equilateral cylinders E 6E
Diffusion and conduction in granular beds T 7E
and Sage (250). Thorsen et al. (880) found that non- Foam-type heat and mass exchanger E IOE
contaminated drops of organic liquid falling through Interphase heat and mass transfer and the Onsager relations T 12E
Catalytic packed tube T 73E
water had a greater terminal velocity then previously Forced convection on a flat plate T 14E
reported. Brock ( 8 0 ) reports on some new modes of
aerosol motion (photodiffusiophoresis) . TABLE F. INTERFACIAL PHENOMENA
The important area of transfer between a continuous
Theoretical,
phase and a discontinuous phase of discrete particles T?or
Expenmental,
(drops, bubbles, or solid particles) is catagorized by type Topic E Ref.
of contactor in Table D-4. Diffusion and the adsorption-desorption an-
tagonism T 3F
A key variable for estimating mass transfer from bub- Multilayer model for surface transport of ad-
bles and drops is the interfacial area or drop size distribu- sorbed gases T 4F
Gas-solid over-all mass transfer coefficient T 5F
tion. Kawecki et al. (430) point to the necessity of Scale-up of adsorber by simulation T 6F
measuring the bubble size distribution in various por- Vapor-liquid transport T,E 7F-9F, 13F, 77F,
24F
tions of a vessel to make an accurate estimate of the Gas-solid adsorption (primarily experimental) ZF, 1OF
Role of surfactants in gas-liq., 1iq.-liq. system T, E 17F
interfacial area. For a flow system, they found a dis- Adsorption a t 1iq.-liq. interface E, T 14F, 15F, 18F, 19F
tinct but not very large influence of volumetric flow rate Solid-gas sublimation E, T 16F
Gas desorption through surface-active monolayers E ZOF
on the gas interfacial area. I n a continuous reactor, Interfacial turbulence (COrmonoethanolamine) E 22F
Fernandes and Sharma (220) found the effective inter- Nonlinear temperature profiles in surface tension-
driven flow E, T 23F
facial area to be practically the same as in a batch reac- Dyeing rates in organic fibers E 25F
Interphase mass and energy transfer with surface
tor operated under similar conditions. reactions T 2lF
Koide and co-workers (470-500) have made con- Diffusion of strontium and cobalt ions in pure
NaCl crystals E, T IF
siderable progress in the evaluation of the properties of H2 diffusionin quartz E 12F
bubble swarms.

Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer

Parametric pumping, a dynamic adsorptive separation
technique utilizing the coupled transport action of
periodic, synchronous cycling of thermal and chemical
gradients, suffered the loss of its pioneering investigator,
R. H. Wilhelm, this past year. Wilhelm and his co-
workers illustrated the technique (143) by separating
the mixtures toluene-n-heptane and NaC1-H20. Jen-
czewski and Myers, in a preliminary report (5E), point
out the extension of parametric pumping to the separa-
tion of gas mixtures.
Standart offered a second installment of his series
(72E) on “The Second Law of Thermodynamics for

VOL. 6 0 NO. 1 2 DECEMBER 1 9 6 8 57

 Heterogeneous Flow Systems,” and dealt specifically with
the problems of formulating the describing equations for
interphase heat and mass transfer. Hughmark com-
mented on the effect of the Reynolds and Schmidt num-
bers in correlations for heat and mass transfer from rigid
spheres (4E).
TABLE G-1. PORE D I FFUSION
Theoretical, Interfacial Phenomena
T , 07
Exfierimental, Sada and Himmelblau (20F) investigated the reduc-
Subject E Ref.
~ ~~~ ~~~~ __ tion in gas desorption through surface-active mono-
Uniform diffusivity in a nickel base steam-hydrocarbon reform-
ing catalyst 2G layers on a water substrate. Their results showed that
Afiotropic diffusivities in pressed boehmite pellets 3G
Surface transport of gases on platinum-alumipa 6G
gas transport coefficients are related nonlinearly to sur-
Correlation between solid shapes and diffusion rates 14G face coverage. I n a short communication, Danckwerts
Effective diffusivity in porous solids 15G
Adsorptivity of active carbon 16G
and Tavares-da Silva ( 8 F ) support and discuss the ob-
Propane from He on activated alumina 20G servation of convective currents when C 0 2 is absorbed
Adsorption of normal paraffins by a 5A molecular sieve 21G
Surface diffusion of chemisorbed Hz on Ni 22G
by solutions of monoethanolamine. Vidal and Acrivos
(23F) used linear stability theory to study the effect of
TABLE G-2. PORE DIFFUSION EFFECTS
nonlinear preconvective profiles on the magnitude of the
ON CHEMICAL REACTION critical Marangoni number for the case of surface ten-
Theoretical,
sion-driven flow in evaporating liquid layers. Their
T,, 07
Experimental
analytical prediction was in good agreement with mea-
E Ref. sured Marangoni numbers.
Effectiveness factors T IG,12G, 13G
Diffusion and reaction in pores T 4G, 7G, SG, IOG, 23G Membrane Transport
Surface transport effects T 5G
Isobutylene hydration in cation exchange resin E 8G Interest has grown in the area of membrane transport,
Ion exchange functionality in cross-linked
polymers E, T 24G due largely to the desalination effort and the medical
Effect of intraparticle temperature gradient 1 7G application in artificial kidneys and membrane oxygena-
Influence of external diffusion T 17G
Rate of poisoning T 18G tors. For information about the medical application
Transport limitations within catalysts T 19G area, the reader is referred to past volumes of the “Trans-
Zeolite-catalyzed alkylation of benzene with
ethylene E 25G actions of the American Society for Artificial Internal
Selectivity in cylindrical catalyst 26G
Organs,” “Proceedings of the Conference of Engineering
in Medicine and Biology,” and “The Artificial Kidney”
TABLE H-I. MASS TRANSFER I N (41). I n future reviews, individual papers will be cited
BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW
in this area.
Subject Ref. Kaufmann and Leonard ( 7 7 1 ) report on the intra-
T h e effect of mass addition in the laminar boundary layer of a n absorb-
ing-emitting gas 4H
membrane transport properties of carbohydrates in cello-
Heat and mass transfer in a reacting laminar boundary layer in the phane. They determined the matrix of phenomenologi-
presence of multicomponent diffusion 14H
Discussions of mass transfer coefficients in gas laminar boundary layer cal coefficients and showed that the tortuosity factor was
along a flat plate 1SH
not a simple geometric property of the membrane but
rather related to the solute polymer interactions. The
TABLE H-2. BOOKS AND REVIEWS RELATED Monte Carlo technique was applied by Piekaar and
T O MASS TRANSFER
Clarenburg (271) to a random array of cylinders as a
Topic Ref.
~ model for an aerosol filter.
Absorbers lH, 5H Litt and Smith, in a short paper (791), outline a
Partitioning a t the liquid-liquid interface 2H
Diffusion and chemical reaction in catalysis and absorption 3H method of determining membrane permeability based
Fixed and fluidized bed reactors 6H on membrane rotation. By exposing an electrode
Transfer processes with a high mass flux 7H
Transport through biological barriers 8H ~~

Separation processes S H , 7OH

Chemistry and physics of interfaces 1lH TABLE I. MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
Molecular theories of liquids and mixtures 12H
Subject Ref.
Diffusion in pelleted catalysts 73H
Mass transfer and the second law 15H Reverse osmosis (hyperfiltration) 41, 7‘21, 731, 231-281, 301
Industrial gas cleaning 16H Aerosol filters 141, 271, 221
Heterogeneous catalysis 17H Separation of liquid mixtures 161, 771
Liquid-liquid extraction 7 8H Vapor permeability through polymers 81
Permeability measurement technique 11, 191, 201
Ion-selective properties of sintered glass 21, 31, gI
Charge density of membranes (review) 291
Intramembrane transport, phenomenological approach 111
Electro-osmosis 181
Volume flow through membrane 151
Interfacial mass transport 101
Anomalous osmosis with anion exchange membranes 71
Transport in ultrafine capillaries 61
Artificial kidney 51

58 INDUSTRIAL A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY

covered with membrane to an oxygen atmosphere, Aiba
et al. (IZ) obtained a rapid determination of oxygen
permeability. T h e technique gave good agreement for
membranes with higher oxygen permeability.
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TURBULENT DIFFUSION AND DISPERSION
(1B) Aunicky, Z “ T h e Longitudinal Mixing of Liquids in Bends,” Can. J . Chem.
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(2B) Banerjee, S., Scott, D . S., and Rhodes, E., “Mass Transfer to Falling Wavy
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(5B) Dit’man, V. V., “Mass Transfer Apparatus Design Taking Into Account Axial
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(6B) Duda, J. L., and Vrentas, J. S., “Laminar Liquid Jet Diffusion Studies,”
A.I.Ch.E. J., 14, 286-294 (1968).
(7B) Edwards, M. F., and Richardson, J. F., “Gas Dispersion in Packed Beds,”
Chem. Eng. Sci.,23, 109-123 (1968).
(8B) Estrin, J., and Schmidt, E. H., Jr., “Penetration Theory Applied to Unsteady
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~
(12B) Harris, H. G., Jr., and Goren, S . L., “Axial Diffusion in A Cylinder with
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(13B) Harris, I. J., “ T h e Simulation of Single Phase Tubular Reactors with In-
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(14B) Hartland, S., and Mecklenburgh, J. C., “ T h e Concept of Backmixing,”
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(15B) Horn, F. J. M., and Parish, T. D., “ T h e Influence of Mixing on Tubular
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(16B) Howell, J. A,, Sparrow, E. M., and Schmal, M., “Concentration, Tem era
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(18B) Ishii, T., a$ Takeya G. “Longitudinal Mixing in a Gas Bubble Column
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(19B) Jackson, G. S., and Marchello, J. M., “Correlation of Gravitational Force
for Absorption in Packed Columns,” IND.ENC. CHEM.,PROCESS DES. DEVELOP.,
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(20B) Klinkenberg, A., “The Concept of Backmixing,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 23, 92
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(21B) Komasawa, I., Histani, S., and Otake, T., “Some Experimental Studies on
the Radial Behaviors of Dispersed Droplets in a Liquid-Liquid Packed Bed,”
Kagaku Kogaku, 5 , 182-186 (1967) (Engl.).
(22B) Kuchanov, S. I., and Pismen, L. M., “A Quasi-Homogeneous Model of a
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(24B) Mecklenburgh, J C and Hartland S “Design ofReactors with Backmixing.
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(25B) .Mecklenburgh, J., C., and Hartland, S., “Design of Reactors with Back-
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(26B) ,Mecklenburgh, J. C., and Hartland, S., “Design of Reactors with Back-
mixing. 111. Numerical Difference Between Differential and Stagewise
Models,” ibid., pp 81-86.
(27B) Mellish, W. G . “Applicability of Dispersion Results t o Packed Columns,”
A.Z.Ch.E. J.,14, 668 (1968).
(28B), Miss??, Y., and Yamada, N. “Oxidation of Calcium Sulfite in a Gas-Liquid-
Solid Fluidized Bed,” Kagnku Kogbku, 5 , 34-35 (1967) (Engl.).
(29B) ,Miyamhi, T., I m a i , H., and Kubo, K., “Longitudinal Dispersion of Liquid
. Sieve
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~ .~~ Travs.”
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(30B), Miyauchi, T., p j i , H., and Saito K “Fluid and Particle Dispersion i n
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(31B) Petrovic Louis J and Thodos, George, “Mass Transfer in the Flow of
Gases ThroAgh Packkb Beds. Low Reynolds Number Region,” IND. ENO.
CHEM.,FUNDAM., 7, 274-280 (1968).
(32B) Reejhsinghani, N. S Barduhn, A. J., and Gill, W. N., “Laminar Dispersion
in Capillaries. Part V.” Experiments on Combined Natural and Forced Con-
vection in Vertical Tubes,” A.I.Ch.E. J., 14, 100-109 (1968).
(33B) Reiss L. P. “Cocurrent Gas-Liquid Contacting in Packed Columns,”
IND.ENG.’CHEM.,’PROCESS DES.DEVELOP., 6,486-499 (1967).
(34B) Rippin, D. W . T . , “ T h e Recycle Reactor as a Model of Incomplete Mixing,”
IND.ENO.CHEM.,FUNDAM., 6,488-492 (1967).
(35B) Ruckenstein E., “A Generalized Penetration Theory for Unsteady Convec-
tive Mass Transfkr,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 23, 363-371 (1968).
(36B). Schenk, J. “Note Sur La Theorie D u Reacteur Piston Avec Dispersion
Axiale,” ibtd,, i 2 , 1525-1526 (1967).
(37B) Shuki, A. R., Corrigan, T. E., and Dean, M . J., “Chemical Reactors. In-
fluence of Packing on Eflective Reactor Volume,” IND. END. CHEM.,PROCESS
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(38B) Shulman, H. L., and Mellish, W . G., “Performance of Packed Columns:
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VOL. 6 0 NO. 1 2 DECEMBER 1968 59
(39B) Sittel C. N. Jr. Threadgill W. D., and Schnelle, K . B., Jr., “Longitudinal
Dispersio; for T w b h e n t Flow h Pipes,” IND. ENO.CHEM.,FUNDAM., 7, 39-43
(1968).
GENERAL MIXING PROCESSES IN FLOW SYSTEMS
(1C) Anderson, T. B., and Jackson, R., “ A Fluid Mechanical Description of
Fluidized Beds. Equations of Motion,” IND.ENO.CHEM.,FUNDAhl., 6 , 527-539
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(5C) Chang, D. H., and Bixler, H . J . “Washing of the Liquid Rctained by Granu-
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(6C) Ciborowski J. and Wolny A. “Drying of Wet Solid Spheres Through Con-
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11, 255-265 (1968).
(7C) Cloutier L. and Cholette A . ”Effect of Various Parameters on the Level
of Mixing i; Cdntinuous Flow’Sys;ems,’’ Con. J . Chem. Eng., 46, 82-88 (1968).
(8C) Diener, D. A., “Calculation of Effect of Vapor Mixing on Tray Efficiency,”
IND.END.CHEY.,PROCESS DES.DEVELOP., 6,499-503 (1967).
(9s)Gal-Or, B., “Coupled Heat and Multicomponent Mass Transfer in Par-
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(1OC) Goncharenko, G. K., and Gorlinskaya, A. P “Influence of Degree of Mixing
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(11C) Gunn, D. J., “Mixing in Packed and Fluidized Bed,” The Chem. Engr., 219,
153 (1968).
(12C) Harrell, J. E., and Perona, J. J., ”Mixing of Fluids in Tanks ofLarge Length-
to-Diameter Ratio by Recirculation,” I N D .ENG.CHEM.,PROCESS DES. DEVELOP.,
7, 464-468 (1968).
(13C) Hartland, S., “Backmixing in a Morris Contactor,” l r a n s . Inst. Chem. Eng.,
45, 353-359 (1967).
(14’2) Hoogendoorn, C. J.,and Den, Hartog, A . P. “Model Studies on Mixers in
the Viscous Flow Region,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 22, 1684-1699 (1967).
(15C) Horn, F. J. M., and May, R . A., “Effect of Mixing on Periodic Counter-
current Processes,” I N D .ENG.CHEM.,FUNDAM,, 7, 349-354 (1968).
(16C) Howarth, W. J., “Measurement of Coalescence Frequency in an Agitated
Tank,” A.I.Ch.E. J., 13, 1007-1013 (1967).
(17C) Inoue, I., and Sato, K., “Circulation Time Distribution in a Stirred Vessel,”
Kagaku Kognku, 5, 121-124 (1967) (Eng.).
(18‘2) Ischikawa, Y., Akachi, Y., and Makino, K . “ O n the Longitudinal Mixing
Characteristics of the Gas Bubble Column with Pkrforated Plates,” ibid.,pp 179-
182.
(19C) Kilkson, H., “Generalization of Various Polymerization Problems. T h e
Concept ofFlow Influx,” I N D . E K G . CHEM.,FUNDAY., 7,354-363 (1968).
(2OC) Kim Y. E. Lee C. S. and Kang, W. K . “Longitudinal Solid Mixing in a
Screen Packed Fiuidized Beh;’ J . Korean Init. &em. Eng., 5, 205-208 (1968).
(21C) Kim, Y. E., Shin, K . S., and Kang, TV. K . “A Study of Liquid Mixing on
Screen Blade Turbine Impeller (I),’’ ibid., pp 201-204.
(22C) King, Y. E., Shin, K . S., and Kang, W. K., ibid., pp 209-213.
(23‘2) Klinkenberg, A., “Moments of Residence Time Distributions for Cascades
of Stirred Vessels with Backmixing,” Chem. Eng. Sci.,23, 175-181 (1968).
(24‘2) Kobayashi, H., Arai, F., and Izawa, K., “Performance of Gas-Solid Fluidized
Bed Catalytic Reactors in Relation to Its Residence Time Distribution Charac-
teristics,” Kagoku Kogaku, 5 , 28-34 (1967) (Engl.).
(26’2) Kovasy, K., “Different Types of Distribution Functions to Describe a Ran-
dom Eddy Surface Renewal Model,” Chem. E n g . Sci., 23, 90-91 (1968).
(27C) Latham, R., Hamilton, C. and Potter D. E.. “Backmixing and Chemical
Reaction in Fluidized Beds,” d i t . Chem. En;., 13, 666-670 (1968).
(28C) Lebrer, I. H., “Gas Agitation of Liquids,” I N D ,ENG.CHEY.,PROCESS DES.
DEVELOP.,7, 226-239 (1968).
( 2 9 C ) Levich, V. G., Markin, V. S., and Chismadjev, Yu. A.,”On Hydrodynamic
Mixing in a Model of a Porous Medium with Stagnant Zones,’’ Chem. Eng. Sci.,
22, 1357-1367 (1967).
(30‘2) Mamuro, T., and Haltori, H., “Flow Pattern of Fluid in Spouted Beds,”
J . Chem. Eng. Japan, 1, 1-5 (1968).
(31C) Mill:r, D. N., “Scale-up of Agitated Vessels-Mass Transfer From Fixed
Surfaces, Chem. Eng. Sci., 22, 1617-1626 (1967).
(32C). y i r e a u , J.,,P., and Bischoff, K . B., “Mixing and Contacting Models for
Fluidized Beds, A.Z.Ch.E. J., 13, 839-845 (1967).
(33C) Ohya, H., and Miyauchi, T.,“Mixing and Diffusion in High Viscous Fluid,”
Kagaku Kogaku, 5, 118-20 (1967) (Engl.).
(34C) Oldshue, J. Y., “Annual Review of Mixing,” IND. ENG. CHEM.,5 9 (111,
58-70 (1967) and 60 ( l l ) , 24-35 (1968).
(35C) Otake, T., Tone, S., and Matsuo, H., “,Mixing Characteristics of Solids in
Stirred Moving Beds,” K q a k u Kogaku, 5 , 134-138 (1967).
(36C) Petho, A , , “Mean and Variance of Residence Time Distributions in Fixed
Bed Multistage Exchange Processes of Linear Kinetics,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 22,
1793-1801 (1967).
(37C) Pyle, D. L., and Harrison, D., “An Experimental Investigation of the T w o -
Phase Vheory of Fluidization,” ibid., pp 1199-1207.
(38C) Rehakova, M., and Novasad, Z., “Residence Time Distribution and Frac-
tional Conversion for a Multistage Reactor with Backmixing Between Real
Stages,” ibid., 23, 139-145 (1968).
(39C) Rippin, D. W. T., “ T h e Recycle Reactor as a Model of Incomplete Mixing,”
I N D .END.CHEX.,FUNDAM., 6,488-492 (1967).
(40C) Rozen, A. M., Aksel’rod, L. S . , and Dil’man, V. V.,“Some Modeling Prob-
lems in the Development of Mass-Transfer Equipment,” Int. Chem. Engr., 8 ,
243-252 (1 968).
(41C) Sandblom,: H., “ T h e Pulse Technique for Investigating Solid Mixing in a
Fluidized Bed, Brit.Chem. Ens., 13,677-679 (1968).
(42C) Sherwin, 41. B., Shinnar, R., and Katz, S . , “Dynamic Behavior of the Well
Mixed Isothermal Crystallizer,” A.I.Ch.E. J . , 13, 1143-1 154 (1967).
(43C) Shinnar, R., and Nlaor, P., “Residence Time Distribution in Systems with
Internal Reflux,” Chern. Eng. Sci., 22, 1369-1381 (1967).
(44C) Srimathi, C. R., and Bhat, G. M., “Evaluation of Residence Time for a
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(1 967).
60 INDUSTRIAL A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY
(45C) Takamutsu, T., and Sawada, T., “ O n Mixing Models of Continuous Stirred
Tank,” Kagoku Kognku, 5 , 163-166 (1967) (Engl.).
(46C) Tone, Z., Higuchi, Tamura, S., Otake, T., “Mixing Characteristics of Solids
by Impellers in Multiple-Moving Beds,” ibid., pp 67-171.
(47C) Vail, Yu. K., Manakov, h’. Kh., and Manshilin, V. V. “Turbulent Mixing
in a Three-phase Fluidized Bed,” Int. Chem. Engr., 8, 293-296’(1968).
(48‘2) Vail, Yu. K., Manakov, K.Kh., and Manshilin, V. V.,”Turbulent Agitation
in a Three-phase Fluidized Bed,” ibid., pp 516-520.
(49C) Woollard, I. Is. M., and Potter, 0. E., “Solids Mixing in Fluidized Beds,”
A.I.Ch.E. J., 14, 388-391 (1968).
(50C) Yoshida, K., and Kunii, D., “Stimulus and Response of Gas Concentration
inBubbling Fluidized Beds,” J . Chem. Eng. Jupon, 1, 11-16 (1968).
INTERPHASE MASS TRANSFER
(1D) Angelo, J. B., and Lightfoot, E. N., “Mass Transfer Across Mobile Inter-
faces,” A.I.Ch.E. J., 14, 531, 540 (1968).
(2D) Apelblat, A . , and Katchalsby, A,, “Mass Transfer with a Moving Interface,”
Int. J . Heal Masr,TronJfer, 11, 1053-1067 (1968).
(3D) Bakker, C. A . P., Fentener Van Vlissingen H . F., and Beek, \.\T. J “The
Influence of the Driving Force in Liquid-Liqujd Extraction-A Study 6f Mass
Transfer With and Without Intcrfacial Turbulence Gnder Well-Defined Condi-
tions,” Chem. Eng.Sci., 22, 1349-1355 (1967).
Settling of a Fluid Sphere Toward a Flat
(5D) Bayens, C. A . , and Laurence, R . L., “Communication. Effect of Mass
Transfer on Drop Formation,” IND.END.CHEM.,FUNDAM,, 7, 521-522 (1968).
(6D) Bomshtein, V. E., Planovskii, A . N., and Egorov, N. N., “Over-all Mass
Transfer Coefficient for Systems of a Solid Phase;” Int. Chem. Engr,, 8 , 413-414
(1968).
(7D) Boyadzhiev K h . Levich, V.. and Krylov V. “ T h e Effect of Surface Active
Materials on M’ass Tkansfer in Laminar Film $lo!%:,” ibid., pp 393-396 (1968).
(8D) Brock, J. R., “Some New hlodes of Aerosol Particle Motion: Phctodiffusio-
phoresis,” J . Phis. Chem., 72, 747-749 (1968).
(9D) Buzzard J. L. and Nedderman R . h?. ”The Drag Coefficients of Liquid
Droplets A c h z r a t h g Through Air,”’Chem. E’ng. Sci., 22, 1577-1586 (1967).
(10D) Cable, M., “ T h e Dissolving of Stationary Gas Bubbles in a Liquid,” ibid.,
pp 1393-1398.
( l l D ) Calderbank, P. H., ”Review Series No. 3. Gas Absorption from Bubbles,”
The Chem. Engr., 212, 209-233 (1967).
( l 2 D ) Carter, J. FY. “Developments in Adsorption Processes,” Brit, Chem. Eng.,
13, 229-234 (1968)).
(13D) Cheh, H . Y., and Tobias, C. TV;: “Mass Transfer to Spherical Drops or
Bubbles at High Reynolds Number, TND. EXC. CHEY.,F U N D A M7,. , 48-52
(1968).
(14D) Chen, H . T., and Middleman, Stanley, “Drop Size Distribution in Agitated
Liquid-liquid Systems,” A.2.Ch.E. J., 13, 989-995 (1967).
(15D) Coughlin, R . W., “Surface Resistance in Transport from Vapor to Liquid,”
Chem. Eng. Sci., 22, 1503-1511 (1967).
(16D) Cox, R . C., and Brenner, H . , “ T h e Slow Motion of a Sphere Through a
Viscous Fluid Towards a Plane Surface. 11. Small Gap Widths, Including
Inertial Effects,” ibid., pp 1753-1777.
(17D) Cratin, P. D. “Partitioning at the Liquid-Liquid Interface,” IND, ENO,
CHEH.,60 (9), 14-i9 (1968).
(18D) Danckwerts, P. V., ” T h e Absorption of Gases in Liquids,” Teor. Osn. Khim.,
1, 31 (1967).
(19D) Davenport, W.G., Richardson, F. D., and Bradshaw, A. V., “Spherical Cap
Bubbles in Low Density Liquids,” Chem. Eng. Sci.,22, 1221-1234 (1968).
(20D) Dickinson, Dean R., and Marshall, W. R., Jr., “ T h e Rates of Evaporation
ofSprays,” A.I.Ch.E. J., 14, 541-552 (1968).
(21D) Fernandes, J. B., and Sharma 51. M . , “Air-Agitated Liquid-Liquid Con-
tactors,” Chem. Eng.Sci., 23, 9-16 ( l b i 8 ) .
(22D) Fernandes, J.B., and Sharma M. M. “Effective Interfacial Area in Agitated
Liquid-Liquid Contactors,” ibid.,i2, 1267L3482 (1967).
(23D) Fridland, M. F “Mass-Transfer Coefficients in Fluidized Systems,” Int.
Cfimz. Engr., 7, 598-6z4 (1967),
(24D) Fridland, M . F., “Mass Transfer Coefficients in Fluidized Systems,’’ Khim. i
Tekh. Topl. i Masel, 5, 7 (1967).
(25D) Gal,l,oway, J. R . , and Sage, B. H., Thermal and Material Transfer from
Spheres, Int. J . Heat M a s s Transfer, 11, 539-549 (1968).
(26D) Gardner, G. C., “Force on a Small Spherical Evaporating Particle in Its
Pure Vapor Due to Motion and Temperature Gradients,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 23,
29-40 (1968).
(27D) Golding J. A. Gravdon W. F., and Johnson, A. I., “Mass Transfer from
Single Bubblis Undkr Dishlatlon Conditions,” Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 46, 172-176
(1968).
(28D) Goncharenko, G . K . , and Gotlinskaya, A. P., “Influence of Degree ofMixing
on Mass Transfer in Liquid-Liquid Extraction,” Zh. Przkl. Khim. 40, 594 (1967).
(29D) Goren, S . L., and Mani, R . V. S., “Mass Transfer Through Horizontal
Liquid Films in Wavy Motion,” A.I.Ch.E. J., 14, 57-61 (1968).
(30D) Grace, J. R., and Harrison, D., “The Influence of Bubble Shape on the
Rising Velocities of Large Bubbles,” Chem. Eng. Scz., 22, 1337-1347 (1967).
(31D) Grieves, R . B., and Ettelt, G. A,, “Continuous Dissolved-Air Ion Flotation
ofHexavalent Chromium,” A.I.Ch.E. J., 13,1167-1171 (1967).
(32D) Halligan, J. E., and Burkhart, L. E., ”Determination of the Profile of a
Growing Droplet,” ibid.,14, 411-414 (1968).
(33D) Hartland, S., “The Approach of a Liquid Drop to a Flat Plate,” Chem. Eng.
Sci., 22, 1675-1687 (1967).
(34D) Hobler, T., and Kidzierski, S., “Analysis of the Equations of Mass Transfer
in the Liquid Phase in the Flow- of Liquid Down a TVall,” Int. Chem. Engr., 7,
654-666 (1967).
(351)) Hodossy, L., “Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer in Two-Phase Flow,”
tbid., 8, 427-438 (1968).
(36D), Horn, F. J. >I.. and Kipp, K . L., Jr., “Mass Transport Under Oscillatory
Fluid Flow Conditions,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 22, 1879-1880 (1967).
(37D) Houghton, G., and Ruckenstein, E., “Correspondence,” I N D .END.CHRM.,
FUNDAM., 6 , 617-619 (1967).
(38D) Howard, D . W., and Lightfoot, E . N . , “ M a s s Transfer to Falling Films. I.
Application of the Surface Stretch Model to Uniform Wave Motion,” A.I.Ch.E. J . ,
14, 458-467 (1968).
(39D) Hubbard, D. W., “Correlations of Mass Transfer Data: Comments on an
Article by Son and Hanratry,” ibid., pp 354-355.
(40D) Hughmark, G. A,, ;‘Mass and Heat Transfer from Rigid Spheres,” ibid.,
13, 1219-1221 (1967).
 (41D) Jury, S. H., “An Improved Version of the Rate Equation for Molecular
Diffusionin a Dispersed Phase,” ibid., pp 1124-1 126.
(42D) Kalinowski, B., “ A p p m a t e Determination of the Hold-up Time of
Granular Materials in the luidized Phase in a Continuously Operating Reactor,”
Znt. Chem. Enqr., 8, 224-229 (1968).
(43D) Kawecki, W., Reith, T., Van Heuven, J. W., and Beek, W. J., “Bubble Size
Distribution in the Impeller Region of a Stirred Vessel,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 22,
1519-1523 (1967).
(44D) Kehat, E., and Letan, R., “Operation of a S ray Column with a Dense
Packing ofDrops,” IND.ENO.CHEM.,PROCESS DES.EVEL LOP., 7, 385-389 (1968).
(45D) King, D. H., and Smith, J. W., “Wall Mass Transfer in Liquid-Fluidized
Beds,” Con. J . Chem. Eng., 45, 329-333 (1967).
(46D) Koba ashi, T., Inoue, H., and Yagi, S., “The Abnormality of the Rate of
COz Gas ibsorption into the Concentrated Alkaline Solution,” Kagaku Kogaku,
5 , 211-32 (1967( (Engl.).
(47D) Koide, K., Hirahara, T., and Kubota, H., “Average Bubble Diameter, Slip
Velocity and Gas Hold-up of Bubble Swarms,” ibid., pp 38-42.
(48D) Koide, K., Kato, S., Taraka Y. and Kubota H., “Bubbles Generated from
Porous Plates,” J . Chem. Eng. Jap& 1: 51-56 (19681.
oide K . and Kubota H. “Friction Factor in Vertical Bubble and Slug-
‘‘i?JwK Ka&u kogaku, 5, 73:77 (1967) (Engl.).
(SOD) Koide K., and Kubota, H.,“Gas Hold-up Distribution and Liquid Viscosity
Distribution on Bubble Flow in Vertical Columns,’’ ibid., pp 77-81.
(5lD) Komasawa, I., Hisatani, S., and Otake, T., “Some Experimental Studies on
T+ Radial Behavior of Dispersed Droplets in a Liquid-Liquid Packed Bed,”
ibbd., pp 182-186.
(52D) Kulov, N. N., and Malyusov, V. A., “Mass Transfer in Wetted-Wall Column
With Stirred Liquid Film,” Teor. Om. Khim. Tekh., 1, 213 (1967).
(53D) Lee, K., and Barrow, H., “Transport Processes in Flow Around a Sphere
With Particular Reference to the Transfer of Mass,” Znt. J. Heat Mass Transfer,
11, 1013-1026 (1968).
(54D) MacInt re F. “Bubbles: A Boundary Layer ‘Microtome’ for Micron-
Thick Sampgs bf a Liquid Surface,” J . Phys. Chem., 72, 589-592 (1968).
(55D) M a p v e y R H . and MacLatchy C. S., “Mass Transfer and Wake Phe-
nomena, A.Z.6h.E. J.: 14,260-265 (19i8).
(56D) Mahato, B. K., and Shemilt, L. W., “Effect of Surface Roughness on Mass
Transfer,” Chrm. Eng. Sci., 23, 183-185 (1968).
(57D) Marrucci, G., and Nicodemo, L., “Coalescence of Gas Bubbles in Aqueous
Solutions of Inorganic Electrolytes,” ibid., 22, 1257-1256 (1967).
(58D) Martyushin, I. G., “Hydromechanical Model of Non-Homogeneous Fluid-
ized Bed,” Zu.Prikl. Khim., 40, 589 (1967).
(59D) McConkey, B. H., and Wilkinson, P. R., “Oxidation of Methane to Form-
aldehyde in a Fluidized Bed Reactor,” IND.ENC.CHEM.,PROCESS DES.DEVELOP.,
6, 436-440 (1967).
(60D) Men’shikov, V. A,, “Phase Contact Surface and Mass Transfer in Bubbling
Reactors,” Khim. i Tekh. TOPI.Masel., 3, 25 (1967).
(6?,D) M i auchi T Ohya H Kikuchi, H., Hashizume, H., and Kagawa K
Mass +ransf& Siudy in’ P&e-Perforated Plate Columns,” Kagaku Kogaiu, 5:
108-111 (1967) (English).
(62D) Mutriskov, A. Ya., and Maminov, 0. V., “Problems in Analyzing Processes
of MassTransfer with Chemical Reaction,” Znt. Chem. Engr., 8, 410-412 (1968).
(63D) Namkoony, S., Chung, W. C., and Moon, S. G., “Measurement of Gas
Cross Flow Coefficient Between a Bubble and Emulsion Phases in a Gas-Solid
I . ,
Fluidized Bed.” J . Korean Znst. Chem. Ene.. 5.97-102 11967).
(64D) Noordsij, P., and Rotte, J. W.,“MassTransfer Coefficients to a Rotating and
to a Vibrating Sphere,” Chem. Eng. Sci.,22, 1475-1481 (1967).
(65D) Onda, K., Sada, E., an,$ Takeuchi, H., “Gas Absorption With Chemical
Reaction in Packed Columns, J . Chem. Eng. Japan, 1,62-66 (1968).
(66D) Onda, K., Takeuchi, H., and Okumoto, Y., “Mass Transfer Coefficients
Between Gas and Liquid Phases in Packed Columns,” ibid., pp 56-62.
(67D) Pan, F. Y . and Acrivos A. “Shape of a Dro o r Bubble at Low Reynolds
Number,” IND.’ENC.CHEM.,&DAM., 7,227-2328 968).
(68D) Polinski, L., and Huang, I-D., “Role of Slurry Particle Geometry and
State of Aggregation in Changing the Kinetics of a Reacting Slurry System.
Acetylation of Alkyl Chlorides with Sodium Acetate,” IND.ENC.CHEM.,PROCESS
DES.DEVELOP., 6,432-436 (1967).
(69D) Redwine, D. A,, Flint, E. M., and Van Winkle, M., “Froth and Foam
Height Studies. Small Perforated Plate Distillation Column,” ibid., pp 525-532.
(70D) Ross, S., “Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces,” IND.ENO.CHEM.,60 (9),
12-13 (1968).
(71D) Rozen:, A. M., “Scaling-u Problems in Development of Mass Transfer
Apparatus, Teor. Om. Khim. TeKh., 1,459 (1967).
(72D) Ruckenstein, E., and Berbente, C., “Mass Transfer to Falling Liquid Films
at Low Reynolds Numbers,” Znt. J . Heat Mass Transjer, 11,743-753 (1968).
(73D) Rushton J. H. and Bimbinet J. J., “Hold-up and Flooding in Air Liquid
Mixing,” Can: J. Chlm. Eng., 46,16121 (1968).
(74D) Schaftlein, R. W., and Russell, T. W., “Two-Phase Reactor Design,”
I N D . END.CHEM., 60 (5), 12-27 (1968).
(75D) Schwartzberg, H. G., and Treybal, R . E., “Fluid and Particle Motion in
Turbulent Stirred Tanks. I. Fluid Motion,” IND. ENO. CHEM.,FUNDAM., 7,
1-6 (1968).
(76D) Schwartzberg, H . G., and Treybal, R. E., “Fluid and Particle Motion in
Turbulent Stirred Tanks. 11. Particle Motion,” ibid., pp 6-12.
(77D) Shafronovskii, A. V., and Ruchinskii, V. P. “Method of Evaluating Phase
Diffusion Resistance for Thin Film Mass Tranbfer,” Tear. Osn. Khim., 1, 1 1 1
(1967).
(78D) Smith, J. L., and Winnick, J., “Film-Penetration Models for Mass Transfer
with Chemical Reaction,” A.Z.Ch.E. J., 13, 1207-1209 (1967).
(79D) Solbrig, C. W., and Gidaspow, D., “Turbulent Mass Transfer with an
Arbitary Order Surface Reaction in a Flat Duct,” Znt. J . Heat Mass. Transfer, 11,
155-180 (1968).
(BOD) S row F. B., “Drop Size Distributions in Strongly Coalescing Agitated
L i q u i x L i q h d Systems,” A.Z.Ch.E. J., 13, 995-998 (1967).
(81D) Standart, G., “ T h e Moment of Momentum and Electrochemical Equations
for Heterogeneous Flow Systems,” Ch,em. Eng. Sci., 22, 1409-1416 (1967) and
“The Second Law of Thermodynamics for Heterogeneous Flow Systems. I.
Basic Relations and the Curie Theorem,” ibid., pp 1417-1438.
(82D) Stewart, P. S. B., “Isolated Bubbles in Fluidized Bed-Theory and Experi-
ment, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 46, 60-66 (1968).
(83D) Stewart, P. S. B., “Prediction of Voidage Fraction Near Bubbles in Fluidized
Beds,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 23, 396-397 (1968).
(84D) SugaEuma T Yamanishi, T “Behavior of Solid Particles in Bubble
Columns, K o g h h g a k u , 5, 203-268 (1967) (Engl).
(85D) Suzuki M. and Maeda S. “ O n the Mechanism of Drying of Granular
Beds ‘Mass’Tradsfer from DisLoniinued Sources,”’ J. Chem. Eng. Japan, 1, 26-31
(1968).
(86D) Svinaryov, V. A “Mass Transfer Between a Spherical Solid and Turbulent
Gas Flow,” Znzh. Fi.z.’>h., 12, 10 (1967)
(87D) Szekely J. and Martins G . P. “On the Behavior of Gas Bubbles in Liquids
a t Reduced h ; s u r e s , ” Chem.’Eng. S k , 23,398-399 (1 968).
(88D) Thorsen G Stordalen R . M and Terjesen, S. G. “On the Terminal
Velocity of Circuyating and dscillatini Liquid Drops,” ibid., bp 41 3-426.
(89D) Todes, 0 . M., and Lezin, Yu. S. “Dynamics of Continuous Adsorption and
Desorption i n a Fludized Bed with Non-Linear Isotherm,” Znt. Chem. Engr.,
7. 577-581(1967).
, ,
(90D) Tudose R F. Savenau T. and Cristian G “Transfer Processes Between
Immiscible Liqiid;. T h e H;dr;dynamics of *ilmFlow,” ibid., pp 637-642.
(71D) Valentas, K. J., and Amundson, N. R., “Influence of Droplet Size-Age
Distribution on Rate Processes in Dispersed Phase Systems,’’ IND.ENO.CHEM.,
FUNDAM., 7, 66-72 (1968).
(92D) Watkinson, A. P., and Cavers, S. D. “Mass Transfer Between Liquids in
Cocurrent Pipeline Flow,” Can. J. Chem. Erzg., 45,258-263 (1967).
(93D) Zieminski, S. A., and Raymond, D. R “Experimental Study of theBehavior
of SingleBubbles,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 23, 17-28 (1968).
SIMULTANEOUS H E A T AND MASS TRANSFER
(1E) Chueh, P. L., and Prausnitz, J. M., “Vapor-Liquid Equilibria at High Pres-
sures. Vapor-Phase Fugacit Coefficients in Nonpolar and Quantum-Gas
Mixtures,” IND.END.CHEM., JUNDAM., 6,492-498 (1967).
(2E) Dickinson, D. R., and Marshall, W. R., Jr., “The Rates of Evaporation of
Sprays,” A.Z.Ch.E. J., 14, 541-552 (1968).
(3E) Han, C. D., “Evaluation of Some of the Kinetic Parameters in Crystalliza-
tion,” Chem. fing. Sci., 23,321-330 (1968).
(4E) Hughmark, G. A. “Mass and Heat Transfer from Rigid Spheres,” A.1.Ch.E.
J.,13,1219-1221 (19k7).
(5E) Jenczewski, T. J., and Myers, A. L., “Parametric Pumping Separates Gas
Phase Mixtures,” ibid., 14,509 (1 968).
(6E) Kondelik, P., Horak J., and Tesarova, J., “Heat and Mass Transfer in
Heterogeneous Catalyst:. Variation of Local Void Fraction in Randomly
Packed Beds of E ullateral Cylinders,” IND.END.CHEM.,PROCESS DES.DEVELOP.,
7, 250-252 (1 9683.
(7E) Kuchanov, S. I., Levich, V. G., and Pis’men, L. M., “Transverse Diffusion
and Heat Conduction in Granular Beds,” Znt. Chem. Engr., 8,162-167 (1968).
(BE) Maa, J. R., “Evaporation Coefficient of Liquids,” IND.ENO.CHEM.,FUNDAM.,
6, 504-518 (1967).
(9E) Munakata, T., Nagasue, H., and Doi, K., “Mass Transfer in Tube Within
Slip Flow Region a t Low Pressure,” Kagaku Kogaku, 5, 7-10 (1967).
(10E) Sakra T. Pilar A Plisek J and Stejokol J. “Study of a Tubular Foam-
Type Hea; anh Mas; Ex’change;,”’>nt. Chem. En&., , ; 204-208 (1968).
(11E) Shih, Y., and Coughanowr D. R. “Eva oration of Liquid Containing
Surface Impurities,” A.Z.Ch.E. J.,’14, 5021507 (1f68).
(12E) Standart, G., “ T h e Second Law of Thermodynamics for Heterogeneous
Flow Systems-11. Interphase Heat and Mass Transfer and the Onsager Rela-
tions,’’ Chem. Eng. Sci., 22, 1627-1653 (1967).
(13E) Tone, S., and Atake, T., “Analytical Prediction of Concentration and Tem-
perature Profiles i n the Catalytic Packed Tube,” Kagaku Kogaku, 5, 171-178
(1967).
(14E) Wilhelm, R . H., Rice, A. W., Rolke, R. W., and Sweed, N. H., “Parametric
Pumping. Dynamic Princi le for Separating Fluid Mixtures,” IND. ENO.
CHEM.FUNDAM., 7,337-349 8968).
(15E) Zeh, D. W., and Gill, W. N., “Heat Transfer and Binary Diffusion with
Thermodynamic Coupling in Variable Property Forced Convection on a Flat
Plate,” A.Z.Ch.E. J.,15, 140-147 (1967).
INTERFACIAL PHENOMENA
(1F) Allnatt, A. R., and Pantelis, P., “Isothermal Diffusion of Strontium and Cobalt
Ions in Pure NaCl Crystals and Reconsideration of the Soret Effect,” Trans. Far-
aday Sac., 64, 2100-2105 (1968).
(2F) Aristov, B. G., and Kiselev, A. V., “Adsorption of Nz and Ar Vapors on
Surfaces of Nonspecific Adsorbents-Gra hitized Carbon Black, Polyethylene,
and Polytetrafluoroethylene,” CoIloid J . U.J.S.R., 29,465-470 (1967) (Engl.).
(3F) Baret, J. F., “Kinetics of Adsorption from a Solution-Role of Diffusion and
of the Adsorption-Desorption Antagonism,” J. Phyr. Chem., 72, 2755-2758
(1968).
(4F) Bell, W. K., and Brown, L. F., “A Multilayer Model for the Surface Transport
of Adsorbent Gases,” ibid., pp 2365-2370.
(5F) Bomshtein, V. E., Planovskii, A. N., and Egorov, N. N., “Over-all Mass
Transfer Coefficients for Systems with a Solid Phase,” Znl. Chem. Engr., 8, 413-414
(1968).
(6F) Chen, J. W., Buege, J. A., Cunningham, F. L., and Northam, J. I., “Scale-up
of a Column Adsorption Process hy Computer Simulation,” IND. ENO. CHEM.,
PROCESS DES.DEVELOP., 7,26-31 (1968).
(7F) Coughlin, R . W., “Surface Resistance in Transport From Vapor to Liquid,”
Chem. Eng. Sci., 22, 1503-1511 (1967).
(8F) Danckwerts, P. V., and Tavares-da Silva, A., “Surfaces Instability During
the Absorption of COSby Monoethanolamine Solutions,” ibid., pp 1513-1514.
(9F) Davies G. A Ponter, A. B., and Craine K “The Diffusion of COz in
Organic Liquids,;’ Can. J . Chem. Eng., 45,372-336 (i967).
(10F) Day, R . E., and Parfitt, G . D., “Adsorption of Ethanol, n-Octanol, and n-
Dodecanol or Defined Rutile Surfaces from Binary Liquid Mixtures with p-
Xylene and n-Heptane,” Trans. Faraday Soc., 64,815-822 (1968).
(11F) Elenkov, D., “Influence of Surface-Active Additives on Mass Transfer in
Gas-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid,” Teor. Om. Khim. Tekh., 1,176 (1967).
(12F) Garland, J. K., and Schroeder, J. W., “Rate of H2 Diffusion in Room-
Temperature Irradiated Quartz,” J . Phys. Chem., 72, 2277-2278 (1968).
(13F) Jhaveri, A. S., and Sharma, M . M “Absorption of Oxy en in Aqueous
Alkaline Solutions of Sodium Dithionite,” b e m . Eng. Sci.,23, 1-8 8968).
(14F) Lawrence, J., and Parsons, R., “Adsorption at the Hg/Formic Acid Inter-
phase,” Tmnr. Faraday Soc., 64, 1656-1678 (1968).
(15F) Lawrence, J., and Parsons, R., “Specific Adsorption a t the Mercury/
Sulpholane Interface,” ibid., pp 751-770.
(16F) Munakata, T., Nagasue, H., and Doi, K., “Mass Transfer in Tube Within
Slip Flow Region a t Low Pressure,” Kagaku Kogaku, 5 , 7-10 (1967) (Engl.).
(17F) Onda, K., Kobayashi, T., and Nagase, T., “Rate of Absorption of CO? bx
Sodium Carhonate Solution Containing Amino Acids or Arsenious Acid,
Znt. Chem. Engr., 8,520-526 (1968).
VOL. 6 0 NO. 1 2 DECEMBER 1968 61
 (18F) Parsons, R., and Symo:s, P. C., “Adsorption of Sulphur Containing Species
a t rhe Hg/H20 Interphase, Trans. Faraday SOC.,64, 1077-1092 (1968).
(19F) Payne, R., “Specific Adsorption of Chloride Ions at the Hg/Aqueous Solu-
tion Interface,” ibid., pp 1638-1655.
(20F) Sada E and Hiinmelblau D . M “Transport of Gases Through Insoluble
Monolay&” A.I.Ch.E. J., 13, 8)60-865”(1967).
(21F) Standart, G., “The Eflect of Surface Chemical Reactions on Interphase
Mass and Energy Transfer,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 22, 1635-1662 (1967).
(22F) Thomas, 1%‘. J., and Nicholl, E. McK., “An Optical Study of Interfacial
Turbulence Occurring During the Absorption of Con Into Monoethanolamine,”
tbid.. DD 1877-1878.
, . I
(23F) Vidal, A , , and Acrivos, A,, “Eflect of Nonlinear Temperature Profiles on
the Onset of Convecrion Driven by Surface Tension Gradients,” INn, ENG.CHEM.,
FUXDAM., 7, 53-58 (1968).
(24F) Volgin, B. P., Efimova, T. F., and Gofman, M. S., “Absorption of Sulfur
Dioxide by Ammonium Sulfite-Bisulfite Solution in a Venturi Scrubber,”
Int.Chem. Engr., 8, 113-119 (1968).
(25F) Weisz, P. B., and Zollinger, H., “Adsorption-Diffusion in Heterogeneous
Systems. Part IV. Dyeing Rates in Organic Fibers,” Tranr. Faraday SOC., 64,
1693-1 700 (1968).
PORE DIFFUSION IN SOLIDS
(1G) Bischofl, K . B., “Eflectiveness Factors and Temperature Distributions for
Catal st Particles in Non-Uniform Environments,” Chem. Eng. Sa.,23, 451-456
(1968Y.
(2G) Cadle, P. J., and Satterfield, C. N., “Uniformity of Diffusivirv in a Nickel
Base Steam-H drocarbon Reforming Catalyst,” IND.ENC. CHEM.,’F u N n A M . , 7,
189-192 (1968r.
(3G) Cadle, P. J., and Satterfield, C. I%., “Anisotropic Diffusivities in Pressed
Boehmite Pellets,” zbzd., pp 192-197.
(4G) Coughlin, R . \V., “A Heat Transfer Analogy for Diffusion and First-Order
Chemical Reactionin a Catalyst Pore,” A2.Ch.E. J., 13,1031-1033 (1967).
( j G ) Foster, R . N., and Butt, J. B., “Some Surface Transport Effects o n Activity
in Diffusionally Limited Catalytic Systems,” IND. END. CXEM.,FuNnAx., 6 ,
481-488 (1967).
, ,
(6G) Gclbi:, D. “The Surface Transport of Various Gases on a Platinum-Alumina
Catalyst, Cheh. Ens. Sci., 23, 41-49 (1968).
(7G) Gunn, 1s. J., “Diffusion and Chemical Reaction in Catalysis and Absorption,”
zbzd., 22, 1439-1455 (1967).
(81;) Gupta, V. P., and Douglas, M‘. J.. h?., “Diffusion and Chemical Reaction
in Isobutylene Hydration Within Cation Exchange Resin,” A.I.Ch.E. J., 13,
883-889 (1967).
(9G) Hudgins, R. R., “A General Criterion for .4bsence of Diffusion Control in a n
Isothermal Catalyst Pellet,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 23, 93-94 (1968).
(10G) Hudson, J. L., “Transient Multicomponent Diflusion with Heterogeneous
Reaction,” A.1.Ch.E. J., 13, 961-964 (1967).
(11G) Irving, J . P., and Butt, J. B., “An Experimental Study of the Effect of Intra-
particle Temperature Gradients on Catalyric Acrivity,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 22, 1859-
1873 (1967).
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62 INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
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