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REFERENCING GUIDELINES CI

List of References and Parenthetical References APA Style (6th ed.) S 6 )

This g guide was compiled b Christine Hart by Ma arch 2010 Libraries@ L @Sharjah H HCT

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 3 1. Parenthetical references - reference citations in the text in-text citations ......................... 3 2.List of references bibliography works cited .................................................................... 4 3. For more information ............................................................................................................ 4 BOOKS ........................................................................................................................... 5
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Book 1 author .................................................................................................................... 5 Book 2 to 5 authors ........................................................................................................... 5 Book 6 or more authors..................................................................................................... 5 Book - corporate author organization, government department, association, university, etc. ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Book no author or editor.................................................................................................... 6 Book with editor(s) ............................................................................................................ 6 Book chapter in edited book.............................................................................................. 6 Encyclopedia article ............................................................................................................. 6 Book - electronic/online book book is only available in electronic form or online .............. 6

MAGAZINES .................................................................................................................. 7
1. Magazine article no volume number ................................................................................. 7 2. Magazine article volume number ...................................................................................... 7 3. Magazine article electronic/online ..................................................................................... 7

JOURNALS .................................................................................................................... 8
1. 2. 3. 4. Journal article print ............................................................................................................ 8 Journal article - electronic/online with DOI (Digital Object Identifier) ................................... 8 Journal article - electronic/online without DOI (Digital Object Identifier) .............................. 8 Journal article - electronic/online article from full-text database .......................................... 8

NEWSPAPERS .............................................................................................................. 9
1. 2. 3. 4. Newspaper article - print ...................................................................................................... 9 Newspaper article no author - print ................................................................................... 9 Newspaper letter to the editor print ................................................................................... 9 Newspaper article - online.................................................................................................... 9

AUDIOVISUAL ............................................................................................................. 10
1. Audio podcast .................................................................................................................... 10 2. Lecture, speech, address, reading, PowerPoint presentation ............................................ 10

ELECTRONIC/ONLINE RESOURCES, WEBPAGES ................................................. 11

1. 2. 3. 4. Website ............................................................................................................................... 11 Webpage - Wikipedia ......................................................................................................... 11 Blog .................................................................................................................................... 11 Email .................................................................................................................................. 11

PERSONAL COMMUNICATION ................................................................................. 12 IMAGES, DRAWINGS, GRAPHS, PHOTOGRAPHS .................................................. 12 ARABIC SOURCES ..................................................................................................... 12

INTRODUCTION
This booklet is a guide to writing a list of references and parenthetical references using APA (American Psychological Association) 6th edition. APA is the referencing style suggested for use by the Education, Applied Communication and Health Sciences programs at Sharjah Colleges.

1. Parenthetical references - reference citations in the text in-text citations

a. What is a parenthetical reference? A reference within the text of your essay or report to one of the sources in your list of references. It tells the reader what information you took from the source and where they can find it. May be written within the sentence or at the end of the sentence, in parentheses.

b. When do you use a parenthetical reference? Whenever you quote information directly from a source. Whenever you paraphrase information from a source into your own words.

c. Why do you use a parenthetical reference? To lead the reader to the full information about the source in your list of references. To avoid plagiarism. Plagiarism is stealing a persons words, ideas or images by not naming the original author.

d. How do you create a parenthetical reference? Use this guide to follow the rules set by the American Psychological Association (APA). The Higher Colleges of Technology subscribe to a software package NoodleTools NoodleBib to assist students and staff to create lists of references and format parenthetical references. NoodleTools is also available through the Library Databases or the Sharjah Colleges Portal Library webpage. Use the APA Advanced option.

e. Examples of parenthetical references Direct quotation o When you use someone elses exact words. o Written inside double quotation marks . o "The chicken came before the egg" (Smith, 2001). Paraphrase o When you use someone elses ideas but write it in your own words. o Do not use quotation marks. o Smith theorizes that the chicken came before the egg (2001).

4 2. List of references bibliography works cited

a. What is a list of references? A list of every source of information; books, journal articles, television programs, YouTube videos, Internet websites, you use to write a report or essay. An alphabetical list by the authors surname. Is found at the end of a report or essay.

b. Why do you need to create a list of references? To show what information sources you have used for your research. To help the reader find more information about the topic or research. To prevent being charged with a crime called plagiarism. Plagiarism is stealing a persons words, ideas or images by not naming the original author.

c. How do you create a list of references? Use this guide to follow the rules set by the American Psychological Association (APA). The Higher Colleges of Technology subscribe to a software package NoodleTools NoodleBib to assist students and staff to create lists of references and works cited and format parenthetical references. NoodleTools is also available through the Library Databases or the Sharjah Colleges Portal Library webpage. Use the APA Advanced option.

3. For more information

APA Style provides tutorials to basic and advanced referencing as well as a guide to new features in the 6th edition of the APA Publication Manual. Contact a Librarian. The Library offers instruction to support this document.

BOOKS
1. Book 1 author
List of References Moore, E. (2007). Gardening in the Middle East: A guide. London: Viking. Note: Invert the authors name and use initial or first name only. Use capital letters for first word of the main title, subtitle, names and all proper nouns. Parenthetical Reference Gardening is difficult (Moore, 2007). or Moore states that gardening is difficult (2007). NoodleBib Nonperiodicals Book

2. Book 2 to 5 authors
List of References Witten, I.H., Bainbridge, D., & Nichols, D.M. (2009). How to build a digital library. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufman. Note: Use the ampersand (&) between the last two authors names. Parenthetical Reference Witten, Bainbridge and Nichols (2009) state that a digital library is possible. or A digital library is possible (Witten, Bainbridge, & Nichols, 2009). NoodleBib Nonperiodicals Book

3. Book 6 or more authors

List of References Howe, J., Fulton, B., Craig S., Smith, T., Ford, C., Rush, G., et al. (1999). Living in the UAE. Dubai: Motivate. Note: When a book has 6 authors, provide the surname and initials of each author. When a book has more than 6 authors use et al. after the 6th author. Parenthetical Reference Howe et al., (1999) provide advice to newcomers to the UAE. In their book they provide advice to newcomers to the UAE (Howe et al. 1999). NoodleBib Nonperiodicals Book

4. Book - corporate author organization, government department, association, university, etc.

List of References Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. (2004). With united strength: H.H. Shaikh Zayid Bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the leader and the nation. Abu Dhabi: ECSSR. Parenthetical Reference (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, 2004). NoodleBib Nonperiodicals Book

6 5. Book no author or editor

List of References Merriam-Websters collegiate dictionary (10th ed.) (2007). Note: Use the title if there is no author. Parenthetical Reference (Merriam-Websters collegiate dictionary, 2007) NoodleBib Nonperiodicals Book

6. Book with editor(s)

List of References Samovar, L.A., & Porter, R. (Eds.). (1997). Intercultural communications: A reader (8th ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. Parenthetical Reference (Samovar & Porter, 1997). NoodleBib Nonperiodicals Book

7. Book chapter in edited book

List of References Helber, L.E. (1995). Redeveloping mature resorts for new markets. In M.V. Conlin & T. Baum (Eds.), Island tourism (pp.105113). Chicester: John Wiley. Parenthetical Reference (Helber, 1995). NoodleBib Nonperiodicals Book

8. Encyclopedia article
List of References Kincaid, R.P. (2003.) Romance languages. In The world book encyclopedia (Vol. 16, pp 415-416). Chicago: World Book. Parenthetical Reference (Kincaid, 2003). NoodleBib Nonperiodicals Reference source

9. Book - electronic/online book book is only available in electronic form or online

List of References Burns, S. (2008). The art of Poser and Photoshop: The official guide. Retrieved from ebrary database. Parenthetical Reference (Burns, 2008). NoodleBib Nonperiodicals Book Online: Ebook or printed book available online

MAGAZINES
1. Magazine article no volume number
List of References Sea to shining sea. (2010, January). Brides, 262-267. Note: Use title if no author. Full date is used for weekly magazines, month and year for monthly magazines. Parenthetical Reference (Sea to Shining Sea, 2010). All main words in title are capitalized when no author. NoodleBib Periodicals Magazine

2. Magazine article volume number

List of References Schneider, S. (2010, January/February). First-year finances. Bridal Guide 26(1), 178. Parenthetical Reference (Schneider, 2010). NoodleBib Periodicals Magazine

3. Magazine article electronic/online

List of References Grawe, S. (2010, December/January). Driving: Joy ride. Dwell: At Home in the Modern World. Retrieved from http://www.dwell.com/articles/joy-ride.html Parenthetical Reference (Grawe, 2010). . NoodleBib Periodicals Magazine Online magazine

JOURNALS
1. Journal article print
List of References Ottani, A.S. & Messahel, F.M. (2003). Awareness during surgery. Saudi Medical Journal, 21(4), 967-970. Parenthetical Reference (Ottani & Messahel, 2003). NoodleBib Periodicals Journal

2. Journal article - electronic/online with DOI (Digital Object Identifier)

List of References Metcalf, M. P., Tanner, T. B., & Buchanan, A. (2010). Effectiveness of an online curriculum for medical students on genetics, genetic testing and counseling. Medical Online Education, 15. doi:10.3402/meo.v15i0.4856. Note: Include digital object identifier (doi) if available. The URL is not used if there is a doi. Parenthetical Reference (Metcalf, Tanner & Buchanan, 2010). NoodleBib Periodicals Journal Online journal or printed journal available online

3. Journal article - electronic/online without DOI (Digital Object Identifier)

List of References Jabarifar, S. E., Eshghi, A. R., Shabanian, M., & Ahmad, S. (2009). Changes in childrens oral health related quality of life following dental treatment under general anesthesia. Dental Research Journal, 6(1). Retrieved from http://journals.mui.ac.ir/drj/article/view/4258 Note: The URL is used if there is no doi. Parenthetical Reference (Jabarifar, Eshghi, Shabanian & Ahmad, 2010). NoodleBib Periodicals Journal Online journal or printed journal available online

4. Journal article - electronic/online article from full-text database

List of References Seidenberg, S. (2009, December). The long Dubai. ABA Journal, 95(12), 17. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global database. (1925484591) Note: Provide the articles document ID or accession number if available. Parenthetical Reference (Seidenberg, 2009). NoodleBib Periodicals Journal Online journal or printed journal available online

NEWSPAPERS
1. Newspaper article - print
List of References Cumming, G. (2003, April 5). Cough that shook the world. The New Zealand Herald, p. B4. Note: Include the day for daily and weekly newspapers. Parenthetical Reference (Cumming, 2003). NoodleBib Periodicals Newspaper or newswire

2. Newspaper article no author - print

List of References Terror strikes in India again. (2010, February 14). Gulf News, p. 1. Parenthetical Reference ("Terror Strikes in India," 2010). Note: Abbreviate the title and use quotation marks. NoodleBib Periodicals Newspaper or newswire

3. Newspaper letter to the editor print

List of References Murray, E. (2001, May 9). Refugee crisis [Letter to the editor]. Weekend Australian, p. A13. Parenthetical Reference (Murray, 2001). NoodleBib Periodicals Newspaper or newswire A letter to the editor

4. Newspaper article - online

List of References Cumming, G. (2003, April 5). Cough that shook the world. The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved from http://www.nzherald.co.nz Note: Provide URL for the homepage of the newspaper. Parenthetical Reference (Cumming, 2003). NoodleBib Periodicals Newspaper or newswire Online newspaper

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AUDIOVISUAL
1. Audio podcast
List of References CNN News (Speaker). (2010, February 15). CNN news update. Podcast.com. Retrieved from http://podcast.com/episode/51496635/759/ Parenthetical Reference (CNN News, 2010). NoodleBib Audiovisual Sound recording or podcast Spoken word Online

2. Lecture, speech, address, reading, PowerPoint presentation

List of References Lawand, F. T. (2010, February 4). Rudolf Steiner 1861-1925. Lecture presented at Sharjah Women's College. Note: Lecture notes are treated as personal communication if they are not copied and distributed in print or on the Web with the instructors permission. Parenthetical Reference (Lawand, 2010). NoodleBib Audiovisual Lecture, Speech, Address, or Reading

3. Film or video recording - YouTube

List of References Massey University. (2009, July 27). APA referencing: The basics [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOEmM 5gmTJM Parenthetical Reference (Massey University, 2009). NoodleBib Audiovisual Film or Video Recording Online Film or video clip available online

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ELECTRONIC/ONLINE RESOURCES, WEBPAGES

1. Website
List of References Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2010). MayoClinic.com. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/ Parenthetical Reference (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2010). NoodleBib Electronic/Online Web Site

2. Webpage - Wikipedia
List of References Dentistry. (2010, February 9). Wikipedia. Retrieved February 15, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentistry Parenthetical Reference ("Dentistry," 2010). NoodleBib Electronic/Online Web Site Web page or document

3. Blog
List of References Le Nguyen, C. (2009, February 18). Simon Cowell on his 'Idol' replacement, missing Paula, Chris Golightly, and more [Web log post]. Retrieved from Yahoo! TV Blog: http://tv.yahoo.com/blog/simon-cowell-onhis-idol-replacement-missing-paula-chrisgolightly-and-more--1001 Parenthetical Reference (Le Nguyen, 2009). NoodleBib Electronic/Online Blog

4. Email
List of References Note: E-mails are not included in the list of references but are parenthetically cited in the text. Parenthetical Reference (E. Smith, personal communication, February 10, 2010). NoodleBib

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PERSONAL COMMUNICATION
List of References Note: Unpublished lecture notes, letters, memos, personal interviews, telephone conversations, e-mails are not included in the list of references but are parenthetically cited in the text. Parenthetical Reference (E. Smith, personal communication, February 10, 2010). NoodleBib

IMAGES, DRAWINGS, GRAPHS, PHOTOGRAPHS

List of References Note: Cite the source where the image comes from, e.g. book, webpage, etc. Parenthetical Reference Note: Refer to specific image within the essay or report NoodleBib

ARABIC SOURCES
APA says to cite the information as it appears in the book (newspaper, website, etc.). This means that you cite the title in Arabic using usual formatting rules. Because your readers may not understand Arabic, translate into English in brackets following each part. Author [English translation]. (Year of Publication). Title [English translation]. Publication Place [English translation]: Publishers Name [English translation].