Interactive Tutorial, Chapter 02 Problem 35 Fundamentals of the Theory of Relativity Dr. Peter J.

Nolan

"Fundamentals of The Theory of Relativity"

Dr. Peter J. Nolan, Prof. Physics Farmingdale State College, SUNY Chapter 02 Special Relativity
Computer Assisted Instruction Interactive Tutorial 35. Plot of length contraction versus speed The length of a rod at rest is Lo = 1.00 m. Find the length L of the rod as its speed v in the axial direction increases from 0.00 c to 0.975 c, where c is the speed of light (c = 3.00 x 108 m/s). Plot the results. Initial Conditions Lo = 1m v= 0.1 c

c = 3.00E+08 m/s = 3.00E+07 m/s

The length contraction is given by equation 1.60 as L = Lo sqrt[1 - (v2)/(c2)] L=( 1 ) x sqrt[1- ( 3.00E+07 m/s)2 / ( 3.00E+08 m/s)2] L = 0.994987 m

The contraction in length as the speed increases is calculated by the above equation and is shown in the table below.
v (%c) 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 v (m) 0.00E+00 1.50E+07 3.00E+07 4.50E+07 6.00E+07 7.50E+07 9.00E+07 1.05E+08 1.20E+08 1.35E+08 1.50E+08 1.65E+08 1.80E+08 1.95E+08 2.10E+08 2.25E+08 2.40E+08 L (m) 1.000 0.999 0.995 0.989 0.980 0.968 0.954 0.937 0.917 0.893 0.866 0.835 0.800 0.760 0.714 0.661 0.600

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0.85 0.9 0.95 0.975 1

2.55E+08 2.70E+08 2.85E+08 2.93E+08 3.00E+08

Interactive Tutorial, Chapter 02 Problem 35 Fundamentals of the Theory of Relativity Dr. Peter J. Nolan 0.527 0.436 0.312 0.222 0.000

The contraction of the length of the rod L versus the speed v is shown in the graph below.
Length Contraction 1.200 1.000 Length L 0.800 0.600 0.400 0.200 0.000 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 Speed v in terms of speed of light.

To return to the chapter in the textbook, do one of the following: 1. If you are using this from a CD, then close Excel by clicking on the X in the very top right-hand corner of this screen. If you are asked to save the document, say no. When Excel closes, you will be returned to the turorials in the textbook. 2. If you are accessing this from a web page, press the go Back button on the top of your browser page. If you are asked to save the document, say no. When Excel closes, you will be returned to the first page of the present chapter. You can then go to whatever page you want in that chapter by sliding the Scroll Bar box on the right-hand side of the screen.

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Interactive Tutorial, Chapter 02 Problem 36 Fundamentals of the Theory of Relativity Dr. Peter J. Nolan

"Fundamentals of The Theory of Relativity"

Dr. Peter J. Nolan, Prof. Physics Farmingdale State College, SUNY Chapter 02 Special Relativity
Computer Assisted Instruction Interactive Tutorial 36. Time Dilation. A clock in a moving rocket ship reads a time duration Dt0 = 1.00 hr. Find the time that elapses, Dt, on earth if the speed v of the rocket ship in the axial direction increases from 0.00 c to 0.975 c, where c is the speed of light (c = 3.00 x 108 m/s). Plot the results. Initial Conditions Dto = 1 hr v = 5.00E-01 c

c = 3.00E+08 m/s = 1.50E+08 m/s

For speeds that are not given in terms of the speed of light c use the following converter to find the equivalent speed in terms of the speed of light c. Then place the equivalent speed into the yellow cell for v above. v= 1610 km/hr = 447.58 m/s = 1.49E-06 c v = 1.61E+06 m/s = 5.37E-03 c The time dilation is given by equation 1.64 as Dt = Dto / sqrt[1 - (v2)/(c2)] Dt = (
2 2 1 hr) /sqrt[1- ( 1.50E+08 m/s) / ( 3.00E+08 m/s) ] Dt = 1.154701 hr

v (%c) 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65

v (m/s) 0.00E+00 1.50E+07 3.00E+07 4.50E+07 6.00E+07 7.50E+07 9.00E+07 1.05E+08 1.20E+08 1.35E+08 1.50E+08 1.65E+08 1.80E+08 1.95E+08

Dt (s) 1.000 1.001 1.005 1.011 1.021 1.033 1.048 1.068 1.091 1.120 1.155 1.197 1.250 1.316

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0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 0.975 0.99

2.10E+08 2.25E+08 2.40E+08 2.55E+08 2.70E+08 2.85E+08 2.93E+08 2.97E+08

Interactive Tutorial, Chapter 02 Problem 36 Fundamentals of the Theory of Relativity Dr. Peter J. Nolan 1.400 1.512 1.667 1.898 2.294 3.203 4.500 7.089

The time dilation of the clock, Dt, versus the speed v is shown in the graph below.
Time Dilation 8 7 6 Time Dt 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Speed v in terms of speed of light.

To return to the chapter in the textbook, do one of the following: 1. If you are using this from a CD, then close Excel by clicking on the X in the very top right-hand corner of this screen. If you are asked to save the document, say no. When Excel closes, you will be returned to the turorials in the textbook. 2. If you are accessing this from a web page, press the go Back button on the top of your browser page. If you are asked to save the document, say no. When Excel closes, you will be returned to the first page of the present chapter. You can then go to whatever page you want in that chapter by sliding the Scroll Bar box on the right-hand side of the screen.

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Interactive Tutorial, Chapter 02 Problem 37 Fundamentals of the Theory of Relativity Dr. Peter J. Nolan

"Fundamentals of The Theory of Relativity"

Dr. Peter J. Nolan, Prof. Physics Farmingdale State College, SUNY Chapter 02 Special Relativity
Computer Assisted Instruction Interactive Tutorial 37. Relative velocities. Two spaceships are approaching a space station as in figure 1.15. Spaceship one has a velocity of 0.55 c to the left and spaceship two has a velocity of 0.75 c to the right. Find the velocity of rocket ship one as observed by rocket ship two. Assume the space station to be at rest. Spaceship one then has the velocity Vx = - 0.55c. Spaceship two is considered to be a moving coordinate system approaching with the speed v = 0.75 c. Initial Conditions Vx = -4.85E-01 c v = 6.55E-01 c

= =

-1.45E+08 m/s 1.96E+08 m/s

c = 3.00E+08 m/s

The relative velocity of approach of spaceship one as observed by the S' observer on rocket ship two is found from equation 1.75 as Vx' = [Vx - v] / [1 - (v/c2) Vx] Vx' = [( -4.85E-01 c) ( 6.55E-01 c)] / [(1 - {( 1.96E+08 m/s) / ( 3.00E+08 m/s)2} x ( -1.45E+08 m/s)] Vx' = -0.86516 c = -2.59E+08 m/s

To return to the chapter in the textbook, do one of the following: 1. If you are using this from a CD, then close Excel by clicking on the X in the very top right-hand corner of this screen. If you are asked to save the document, say no. When Excel closes, you will be returned to the turorials in the textbook. 2. If you are accessing this from a web page, press the go Back button on the top of your browser page. If you are asked to save the document, say no. When Excel closes, you will be returned to the first page of the present chapter. You can then go to whatever page you want in that chapter by sliding the Scroll Bar box on the right-hand side of the screen.

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Interactive Tutorial, Chapter 02 Problem 38 Fundamentals of the Theory of Relativity Dr. Peter J. Nolan

"Fundamentals of The Theory of Relativity"

Dr. Peter J. Nolan, Prof. Physics Farmingdale State College, SUNY Chapter 02 Special Relativity
Computer Assisted Instruction Interactive Tutorial 38. Relativistic mass. A mass at rest has a value mo = 2.55 kg. Find the relativistic mass m when the object is moving at a speed v = 0.355 c. Initial Conditions mo = 2.55 kg v = 3.55E-01 c =

c=
1.07E+08 m/s

3.00E+08 m/s

For speeds that are not given in terms of the speed of light c use the following converter to find the equivalent speed in terms of the speed of light c. Then place the equivalent speed into the yellow cell for v above. v= 1610 km/hr = 447.58 m/s = 1.49E-06 c v = 1.61E+06 m/s = 5.37E-03 c The relativistic mass is given by equation 1.86 as m = mo / sqrt[1 - (v2)/(c2)] m=( 2.55 kg)/sqrt[1 - ( 1.07E+08 m/s)2 / ( 3.00E+08 m/s)2] m = 2.72766277 kg

To return to the chapter in the textbook, do one of the following: 1. If you are using this from a CD, then close Excel by clicking on the X in the very top right-hand corner of this screen. If you are asked to save the document, say no. When Excel closes, you will be returned to the turorials in the textbook. 2. If you are accessing this from a web page, press the go Back button on the top of your browser page. If you are asked to save the document, say no. When Excel closes, you will be returned to the first page of the present chapter. You can then go to whatever page you want in that chapter by sliding the Scroll Bar box on the right-hand side of the screen.

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Interactive Tutorial, Chapter 02 Problem 39 Fundamentals of the Theory of Relativity Dr. Peter J. Nolan

"Fundamentals of The Theory of Relativity"

Dr. Peter J. Nolan, Prof. Physics Farmingdale State College, SUNY Chapter 02 Special Relativity
Computer Assisted Instruction Interactive Tutorial 39. Plot of mass change versus speed The mass of a rod at rest is mo = 1.00 kg. Find the mass m of the rod as its speed v in the axial direction increases from 0.00 c to 0.975 c, where c is the speed of light (c = 3.00 x 108 m/s). Plot the results. Initial Conditions mo = 1 kg v= 0.1 c =

c= 3.00E+07 m/s

3.00E+08 m/s

The relativistic mass is given by equation 29.86 as m = mo / sqrt[1 - (v2)/(c2)] m=( 1 kg)/sqrt[1-( 3.00E+07 m/s)2 / ( 3.00E+08 m/s)2] m = 1.005038 kg

The contraction in length and increase in mass as the speed increases is calculated by the above equations and is shown in the table below.
v (%c) 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 v (m/s) 0.00E+00 1.50E+07 3.00E+07 4.50E+07 6.00E+07 7.50E+07 9.00E+07 1.05E+08 1.20E+08 1.35E+08 1.50E+08 1.65E+08 1.80E+08 1.95E+08 2.10E+08 2.25E+08 2.40E+08 2.55E+08 m (kg) 1.000 1.001 1.005 1.011 1.021 1.033 1.048 1.068 1.091 1.120 1.155 1.197 1.250 1.316 1.400 1.512 1.667 1.898

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Interactive Tutorial, Chapter 02 Problem 39 Fundamentals of the Theory of Relativity Dr. Peter J. Nolan 0.9 0.95 0.975 1 2.70E+08 2.85E+08 2.93E+08 3.00E+08 2.294 3.203 4.500 #DIV/0!

The increase in the mass m of the rod versus the speed v is shown in the graph below.
Increase in mass with speed 5.000 4.500 4.000 3.500 3.000 2.500 2.000 1.500 1.000 0.500 0.000 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Speed v 0.8 1 1.2

To return to the chapter in the textbook, do one of the following: 1. If you are using this from a CD, then close Excel by clicking on the X in the very top right-hand corner of this screen. If you are asked to save the document, say no. When Excel closes, you will be returned to the turorials in the textbook. 2. If you are accessing this from a web page, press the go Back button on the top of your browser page. If you are asked to save the document, say no. When Excel closes, you will be returned to the first page of the present chapter. You can then go to whatever page you want in that chapter by sliding the Scroll Bar box on the right-hand side of the screen.

Mass m

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Interactive Tutorial, Chapter 02 Problem 40 Fundamentals of the Theory of Relativity Dr. Peter J. Nolan

"Fundamentals of The Theory of Relativity"

Dr. Peter J. Nolan, Prof. Physics Farmingdale State College, SUNY Chapter 02 Special Relativity
Computer Assisted Instruction Interactive Tutorial 40. An accelerated charged particle. An electron is accelerated from rest through a potential difference V = 4.55 x 105 V. Find (a) the kinetic energy of the electron, (b) the rest mass energy of the electron, (c) the total relativistic energy of the electron, (d) the speed of the electron, (e) the relativistic mass of the electron, and (f) the momentum of the electron. Initial Conditions mo = 9.11E-31 kg q = 1.60E-19 C

c = 3.00E+08 m/s V = 4.55E+05 V

a. The kinetic energy of the electron is found from KE = work done = q V KE = ( 1.60E-19 C) x ( 4.55E+05 V) KE = 7.29E-14 J = 4.56E-01 Mev b. The rest mass energy of the electron is found from equation 1.102 as Eo = mo c2 2 Eo = ( 9.11E-31 kg) x ( 3.00E+08 m/s) Eo = 8.19E-14 J =
5.12E-01 Mev

c. The total relativistic energy is found from equation 1.103 as E = KE + Eo E = ( 4.56E-01 Mev) + ( 5.12E-01 Mev) E= 9.67E-01 Mev d. The speed of the electron is found by solving equation 1.96 for the speed v. That is, KE = {(mo c2) / sqrt[1 - (v2)/(c2)]} - mo c2 KE = {(Eo) / sqrt[1 - (v2)/(c2)]} - Eo and the speed v is found as v = c sqrt[1 - [1 / {(KE/Eo) + 1}]2]

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Interactive Tutorial, Chapter 02 Problem 40 Fundamentals of the Theory of Relativity Dr. Peter J. Nolan

v = c sqrt[ 1 - [1 /{ ( 4.56E-01 Mev) / ( 5.12E-01 ) + 1} ] ] v = c sqrt[ 1 - [1 /{ ( 8.90E-01 ) + 1} ]2 ] v= 0.8486 c = 2.54E+08 m/s e. The relativistic mass is given by equation 1.86 as m = mo / sqrt[1 - (v2)/(c2)] m = ( 9.11E-31 kg)/sqrt[1- ( 2.54E+08 m/s)2 / ( 3.00E+08 m/s)2] m = 1.722E-30 kg f. The momentum of the electron is found from equation 1.90 as p=mv p = ( 1.72E-30 kg) x ( 2.54E+08 m/s) p = 4.381E-22 kg m/s
To return to the chapter in the textbook, do one of the following: 1. If you are using this from a CD, then close Excel by clicking on the X in the very top right-hand corner of this screen. If you are asked to save the document, say no. When Excel closes, you will be returned to the turorials in the textbook. 2. If you are accessing this from a web page, press the go Back button on the top of your browser page. If you are asked to save the document, say no. When Excel closes, you will be returned to the first page of the present chapter. You can then go to whatever page you want in that chapter by sliding the Scroll Bar box on the right-hand side of the screen.

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