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Steel Handbook
10th Edition 2010
COURSE AGENDA
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Introduction Bolts and Welds Types of Construction Permitted Economics Types of Connections New Connection Guidelines in CSA S16-09 Connection Comments Summary Q&A
As Built Connection
STRUCTURAL BOLTS
A307 A325 A490 Heavy Hex
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theres a new kid on the block! the SUPER HIGH STRENGTH BOLT
A325 at 830 MPa A490 at 1040 MPa X??? at 1400 MPa
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as delivered
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Weld Metal
Weld electrodes are selected to match or overmatch the specified minimum tensile strength of the base metal (CSA Standard W59). The term Xu is the electrodes tensile strength E49XX electrodes, Xu = 490 MPa.
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Factored Resistance of Fillet Welds for Direct shear or Tension/Compression Induced Shear
Where = angle, in degrees, of axis of weld segment with respect to the line of action of the applied force, 00 for longitudinal weld and 900 for a transverse weld. Mw = strength reduction factor for multi-orientation fillet welds
CSA S16-09 permits three construction types 8.2.2 Rigidly connected and continuous construction
Construction Types
Economics
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Economics
Strength, serviceability and overall cost. Fabrication costs are influenced by the amount of: cutting, hole making, fitting, handling, assembly and joining of detail material to main material. (Therefore fabrication costs are directly influenced by the complexity of detail.) Erection costs are influenced by the time to erect, plumb and complete the connections.
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Economics
Simplified economical cost breakdown of Structural Steel Price: Material: 33%
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Connection Behaviour
Connections permit forces to travel to adjoining members to relieve the effects of local stress concentrations at the member intersections or to stabilize certain compression elements. Complexities of connection behaviour cannot be readily analyzed by conventional means. Based on research, rational models and procedures have been developed for analyzing connections and simple rules have been established for proportioning connection components
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Connection Design
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Shear Tab
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Bracing Connections
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Column Connections
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Moment Connections
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Truss Connections
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HSS CONNECTIONS
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fastener shear strength can only be achieved if sufficient BEARING STRENGTH is there
now we must look at the material of the connected member to provide local strength to develop shear this bearing strength saw major revisions in the 1970s when it was expressed in terms of the Fu of the connected plate
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Example (summary)
Per S16-09
Trans. weld
= 140 kN
= .933 x 1.0 x 0.85 x 600 = 476 kN Total = 616 kN Previous method A = 1.21 x 100 + .933 x 600 = 681 kN
(about 11 % higher)
= 653 kN
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Example
Determine Pr = ?
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Example Solution
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Rv = 1.1 0.0158t
Rv is the bolt reduction factor, t is the thickness of the fillers Valid from t = 6.4 mm up to t = 19 mm
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(= 0.8AwFs )
is exceeded, the column section should either be changed to one with a heavier web or appropriate web reinforcement must be designed.
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CONNECTION COMMENTS
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CONNECTION COMMENTS
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CONNECTION COMMENTS
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CONNECTION COMMENTS
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Connection Forces
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CONNECTION COMMENTS
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SUMMARY
Dont always stick to least weight design Visualize how pieces can be connected Lines always connect Reduce stiffeners where feasible before tendering Dont have small lightweights resist large reactions Talk to your friendly fabricator
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QUESTIONS?
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