NUKLEARMALAYSIA/L/2012/55

CONCRETE INSPECTION KUALA TERENGGANU MEDICAL CENTRE (2nd FLOOR)

14 JULY 2012 16 JULY 2012

INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION, MALAYSIAN NUCLEAR AGENCY, MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION BANGI, 43000 KAJANG, SELANGOR Tel: +603-89250510 Fax: +603-89250907

Inspection Team Noor Azreen Masenwat Abdul Bakhri Muhammad, Rahmad Abd Rashid, Suhairy Sani

Report prepared by

Reviewed by

Noor Azreen Masenwat

Dr. Mohamad Pauzi Ismail

MALAYSIAN NUCLEAR AGENCY (NUKLEAR MALAYSIA)

INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION (BTI) CONCRETE INSPECTION REPORT 1. GENERAL 1.1 DATE OF SURVEY: 1.2 SURVEYOR: 1.3 TEL: 1.6 PURPOSE OF SURVEY: 14 - 16 July 2012 Noor Azreen Masenwat, Abdul Bakhri Muhamad, Suhairy Sani and Rahmad Rashid 03-89250510 (012 2789 542) Concrete Integrity Testing, Examination of Concrete Carbonation, Examination of reinforcement bar corrosion, determination of numbers, size and loacation of reinforcement bar and links, Concrete Strength Estimation (Rebound hammer and Compression test) ALL TEST WERE CONDUCTED ON 2ND FLOOR REPORT NO. REV. NO ISSUE DATE PAGE BTI/NDTC/11/2 0 16-7-12 1 OF

2. SUMMARY OF BUILDING 2.1 NAME OF BLDG.: 2.2 ADDRESS: 3 USE FOR: 2.4 DATE OF CONSTRUCTION: 2.5 NO. FLOORS: 2.6 AREA CONSTRUCTED: 2.7 TOTAL AREA: 2.8 TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION: 2.9 SPAN BETWEEN BEAMS: 2.10 KIND OF FOUNDATION: 2.11 DESIGNER: 2.12 SUPERVISOR: 2.13 FABRICATOR: 2.14 NAME OF MAINTENANCE: 3. SURROUNDING OF BUILDING 3.1 ZONE CONSTRUCTED: 3.2 VIBRATION: 3.3 USE OF CHEMICAL Middle of town Yes Yes No No Kuala Terengganu Medical Centre LOT 4075-4083, 4116-4118, Jalan Batas Baru, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Building Structure (Abandoned for 20 years) 1980 4 N/A N/A Reinforced Concrete N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

3.4 USE OF AIR CONDITION: 3.5 DISTANCE FROM SEA: N/A

Yes

No

3.6 SEA SIDE OF BLDG.: East 3.7 PRINCIPAL DIRECTION OF WIND: East - West 3.8 AVERAGE OF WIND SPEED: N/A 4. REFERENCE 4.1 GENERAL DRAWING: 4.2 DRAWING OF STRUCTURE: 4.3 CALCULATION OF STRUCTURE: 4.4 RECORD OF CONSTRUCTION: 4.5 SPECIFICATION: 4.6 DATA OF HISTORY: 5 HISTORY OF BUILDING 5.1 CHANGING OF USAGE: 5.2 EXTENSION/REBUILDING: 5.3 REPAIRING: 5.4 REINFORCEMENT: 5.5: ACCIDENT: 5.6 CLAIM: 6. MATERIAL UTILIZED 6.1 KIND OF CONCRETE: 6.2 KIND OF CEMENT: 6.3 KIND OF SAND: 6.4 KIND OF AGGREGATE: 6.5 USE OF ADMIXTURE: 6.6 STD DESIGN STRENGTH: 6.7 FABRICATED AT: 6.8 FINISHING: Outside: Inside: Site N/A N/A

South

West

North

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No No No No No No

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No No No No No No

Normal concrete Ordinary Portland Cement River sand Crushed granite Yes No Uncertainty Uncertainty Uncertainty

N/A N/mm2 Works

7. RESULTS OF SURVEY CRACK DENSITY ULTRASONIC REBOUND HAMMER WINDSOR PROBE BAR LOCATOR CARBONATION RADIOGRAPHY THERMOGRAPHY HALF CELL POTENTIAL OTHERS (PLEASE SPECIFY) VISUAL INSPECTION (Please tick for the method (s) used and detailed results of the investigation shall be attached)

JOB METHOD OF STATEMENT 0.0 GENERAL 0.1 Scope This Job Method Statement (JMS) provides the details of work steps for performing concrete integrity inspection at Kuala Terengganu Medical Centre. The inspection works includes of supplying data such as main bar size, links size, number of bars at columns, beams and distance of links used for redesigning. Other tests conducted are Visual Inspection, Half Cell Potential, Rebound Hammer, Concrete Compression Strength and Carbonation Strength to estimate concrete life span. The duration for the work execution at site is 5-6 days. Inspection was done on 2nd floor building. 1.0 CONCRETE INTERGRITY INSPECTION 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Visual Inspection, please refer Attachment 1. Concrete Covermeter, please refer Attachment 2. Half Cell Potential, please refer Attachment 3. Rebound Hammer, please refer Attachment 4. Concrete Compression Strength Test, please refer Attachment 5. Carbonation Test, please refer Attachment 6.

Atth 1 METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR VISUAL INSPECTION 1.0 SCOPE The purpose of visual inspection is to identified and differentiates various sign of distress including cracks, pop outs, spalling, disintegration, colour change, weathering, staining, surface blemishes and lack of uniformity. Extensive information gathered from visual inspection gives preliminary indication of the structure condition. PRINCIPLE Visual testing is the most important of all non-destructive tests. It can often provide valuable information to the well trained eye. Visual features may be related to workmanship, structural serviceability, and material deterioration and it is particularly important that the engineer is able to differentiate between the various signs of distress which may be encountered. APPARATUS a) Measuring tapes; b) Rulers; c) Markers; d) Borescope; and e) Digital Camera. PROCEDURE Before any visual test can be made, the engineer must peruse all relevant structural drawings, plans and elevations to become familiar with the structure. Available documents must also be examined and these include technical specification, past reports of tests or inspection made, construction records, details of materials used, methods and dates of construction, etc. The survey should be carried out systematically and cover the defects present, the current and past use of the structure, the condition of adjacent structures and environmental condition. All defects must be identified, the degree classified, similar to those used for fire damaged concrete and, where possible, the causes identified. The distribution and extent of defects need to be clearly recognized. 5.0 TEST REPORT The data obtain in visual inspection is being recorded systematically and being presented in the test report for references.

2.0

3.0

4.0

Atth 2 METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR COVERMETER 1.0 SCOPE The purpose of covermeter inspection is to determine the presence, location and depth of rebars in concrete and masonry components. Advanced versions of covermeter can also indicate bar diameter when cover is known. REFERENCES The calibration report of covermeter meets the requirement of SIA 162/DIN 1045, DZZfP B2 and BS 1881: part 204. PRINCIPLE The basic principle is that the presence of steel affects magnetic field. An electromagnetic search probe is swept over the surface of the concrete under test. The presence of reinforcement within the range of the instrument is shown by movement of the indicator needle. When the probe is moved until the deflection of the needle is at a maximum, the bar in question is then parallel to the alignment of the probe and directly beneath it. The needle indicates the cover on the appropriate scale for the diameter of the reinforcing bar. APPARATUS a) Profometer 5 (PROCEQ) PROCEDURE The search head is traversed systematically across the concrete until a position of maximum disturbance of the electromagnetic field is indicated by a meter or by an audible signal. In such a position, under ideal conditions, the indicated cover to the nearest piece of reinforcement may be read if the bar size is known. Further, the axis of the reinforcement will then lie in the plane containing the centre line through the poles of the search head. TEST REPORT The concrete cover and specific position of reinforcement bar is being recorded systematically and being presented in the test report for references.

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

Atth 3 METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR HALF CELL POTENTIAL MEASUREMENT 1.0 SCOPE The half-cell provides a relatively quick method of assessing reinforcement corrosion over a wide area without the need for wholesale removal of the concrete cover. Quantitative measurements are made so that a structure can be monitored over a period of time and any deterioration can be noted. REFERENCES The calibration report CANIN CORROSION ANALYSING INSTRUMENT meets the requirement of RILEM TC 154-EMC, BS 1881 Part 201 and ASTM C876-91. PRINCIPLE Electrical potential of steel reinforcement is measured relative to a reference electrode (half-cell). This enables potential contour maps to be plotted. The electrode potential of steel in concrete indicates the probability of corrosion. APPARATUS a) Half Cell; b) Electrical Junction Device; c) Electrical Contact Solution; d) Voltmeter; and e) Electrical Lead Wire. PROCEDURE Measurements are made in either a grid or random pattern. The spacing between measurements is generally chosen such that adjacent readings are less than 150 mV with the minimum spacing so that there is at least 100 mV between readings. An area with greater than 150 mV indicates an area of high corrosion activity. A direct electrical connection is made to the reinforcing steel with a compression clamp or by brazing or welding a protruding rod. To get a low electrical resistance connection, the rod should be scraped or brushed before connecting it to the reinforcing bar. It may be necessary to drill into the concrete to expose a reinforcing bar. The bar is connected to the positive terminal of the voltmeter. One end of the lead wire is connected to the half-cell and the other end to the negative terminal of the voltmeter. TEST REPORT The corrosion data of concrete structure is being recorded systematically and being presented in the test report for references.

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

Atth 4 METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR REBOUND HAMMER 1.0 SCOPE Rebound Hammer measured the surface hardness of concrete and provides an estimation of surface compressive strength, uniformity and quality of concrete. REFERENCES The calibration report of rebound hammer meets the requirement of ISO/DIS 8045, EN 12 504-2 and BS 1881 Part 202. PRINCIPLE Rebound hammer consists essentially of a metal plunger, one end of which is held against the concrete surface while the free end is struck by a spring loaded mass which rebounds to a point on a graduated scale. The point is indicated by an index rider. The amount of rebound increases with increase in concrete strength for a particular concrete mix. APPARATUS a) Schmidt Rebound Hammer. PROCEDURE Rebound hammer is being pushed hard against the concrete until the latch connects the hammer mass to the plunger. The plunger is then held perpendicular to the concrete surface and the body pushed towards the concrete. This movement extends the spring holding the mass to the body. When the maximum extension of the spring is reached, the latch releases and the mass is pulled towards the surface by the spring. The mass hits the shoulder of the plunger rod and rebounds because the rod is pushed hard against the concrete. During rebound the slide indicator travels with the hammer mass and stops at the maximum distance the mass reaches after rebounding. A button on the side of the body is pushed to lock the plunger into the retracted position and the rebound number is read from a scale on the body. TEST REPORT The rebound no. of concrete structure is being recorded systematically and being presented in the test report for references.

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

Atth 5 METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR CONCRETE COMPRESSION STRENGTH 1.0 SCOPE AND PRINCIPLE The purpose of concrete coring is to confirm the findings of the non-destructive test, identifying the presence of deleterious matter in the concrete, ascertaining the strength of the concrete for design purposes, predicting the potential durability of the concrete, confirming the mix composition of the concrete for dispute resolution and determining specific properties of the concrete not attainable by non-destructive methods such as intrinsic permeability. APPARATUS a) Coring machine; b) Clean water; and c) Diamond Core Rig. d) Compression Machine PROCEDURE Determine the final location for concrete coring by locating the precise location of rebar by using a covermeter. When the coring process is being utilized, it should be done carefully without any contact to the reinforcement bar. TEST REPORT The data of concrete coring is being recorded systematically and being presented in the test report for references.

2.0

3.0

4.0

Atth 6 METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR CARBONATION TEST 1.0 SCOPE Carbonation depth measurement is used to estimate the presence of moisture into the concrete. If the entire concrete cover over the reinforcing steel is carbonated, corrosion of the steel would occur. PRINCIPLE The 1% phenolthalein solution is made by dissolving 1gm of pehnolthalein in 90cc of ethanol. The solution is then made up to 100cc by adding distrilled water. On freshly extracted cores the core is sprayed with phenolphthalein saolution, the depth of the uncoloured layer (the carbonated layer) from external surface is measured to the nearest mm. Test can also be done in a drill hole. 3.0 APPARATUS a) 1% phenolthalein solution TEST REPORT The rebound no. of concrete structure is being recorded systematically and being presented in the test report for references.

2.0

4.0

TEST RESULT FOR DETERMINATION OF NUMBER OF BAR, LINKS, DISTANCE AND SIZE Gambar keseluruhan 2nd floor (tempat buat test)

Column (2nd Floor) Grid : 9-B Distance between links Link size Bar size Number of Bar Distance between bar : : : : : 200mm 10mm 30mm 6 250mm

= 30mm

200mm

250mm

250mm

= 10mm

Gambar

Column (2nd Floor) Grid : 10-B Distance between links Link size Bar size Number of Bar Distance between bar : : : : : 200mm 10mm 30mm 6 250mm

= 30mm

200mm

250mm

250mm

= 10mm

Gambar

Column (2nd Floor) Grid : 9-A Distance between links Link size Bar size Number of Bar Distance between bar : : : : : 200mm 10mm 20mm 6 250mm

= 20mm

200mm

250mm

250mm

= 10mm

Gambar

Beam (2nd Floor) Grid : E 9-10 Distance between links Link size Upper Bar size Lower Bar Size : : : : 150mm 10mm 10mm 30mm

= 10mm

150mm

= 10mm

= 10mm

Gambar

Beam (2nd Floor) Grid : B 9-10 Distance between links Link size Upper Bar size Lower Bar Size : : : : 80mm (near column) and 150mm (middle of the beam) 10mm 10mm 25mm

= 10mm

= 10mm

150mm

80mm = 25mm

gambar

Beam (2nd Floor) Grid : 9 A-B Distance between links Link size Upper Bar size Lower Bar Size : : : : 130mm (near column) and 130mm (middle of the beam) 10mm 10mm 30mm
= 10mm

= 10mm

130mmm

= 30mm

Gambar

Beam (2nd Floor) Grid : A 9-10 Distance between links Link size Upper Bar size Lower Bar Size : : : : 150mm (near column) and 150mm (middle of the beam) 10mm 10mm 30mm

= 10mm

= 10mm

150mmm

= 30mm

TEST RESULT TO ESTIMATE CONCRETE STRUCTURE LIFE SPAN Gambar buat test (plan) Rebound Hammer, Carbonation Test and Half Cell Potential results as shown in Table 1 Table 1 : Rebound Hammer, Carbonation Test and Half Cell Potential Result Location Condition of test Grid : 9-B Grid : 10-B Concrete Surface : Smooth Surface Moisture : Dry Surface Movement : No Structural Movement Test Direction : Horizontal 52 53 50 48 46 50 50 56 52 46 48 48 50 50 50 48 46 50 50 50 50 48 48 50 51 48 51 48 0.1mm 20.2mV 42.8mV 0.1mm -23mV 0.3mV Grid 9-A Grid E 9-10 Grid B 9-10

Rebound No.

48 46 46 48

Average Rebound No Estimated Strength (N/mm2) Carbonation Test Half Cell Potential Range

50 48 48 48 49 49 0.1mm

52 48 50 50

48 46 46 48

50 48 48 48

52 48 50 50

48 46 46 48

50 48 48 48

52 48 50 50

0.1mm 36mV 64mV

0.1mm -20mV 12mV

12.3mV 32mV

Concrete Compression Strength Test