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ATributetoBram
OBJECTIVES
Demonstratethetechniquesofplastic limitanalysis(PLA)andtheadvantages ofsameforestimatingfoundation capacity
Outline
OffshoreFoundation ABriefHistory AnalysisofTypicalCasesIncluding IndividualandSystemsof ShallowFoundations PileFoundations ShowSimilaritiesandDifferencesinPLA andLimitEquilibriumTechniques
History TheEarlydays
History ShallowWaterStructures
History DeepWaterStructures
History ShallowFoundations
IDEALISATION
howcanmathematics,whichis soclearandprecise,andinso manywayssimple,beappliedto thephysicalworldwhich, althoughapparentlyconsistent, ismanysidedandextremely complex?.
Calladine,1969
ANASIDE
SHALLOWFOUNDATIONS
ConventionalMethods
PlasticityApproach
ConventionalPlaneStrain BearingCapacitySolution
Prandtl
Reissner
Terzaghi
Mechanism
TheUpperBoundMethodofPlastic LimitAnalysis
Defineanadmissible mechanism Assumeavirtualvelocity oftheunknownloads Setexternalworkrates equaltointernalenergy dissipationrates Solvetheresulting equation Optimizethemechanism
AWordofEncouragement
Remember nooneeverreally understandsanything,wejustget usedtoit.
Example InclinedLoadMechanism
vo
V E
45
B B
Example1 Solution
EccentricLoadMechanism
H
yh
D
A R B
Brinch HansenMechanism
ScoopMechanism Randolph,etal
AlternativeFormulationsforShallow FoundationSystem
DetailedorExplicitMechanism
MacroorImplicitMechanism
StepByStepProcedureforMacroPLA PlanarModel(V&H)ofSystem
1. VirtualrotationaboutXo,Yo 2. Findfootingvelocitiesv&h 3. Usenormalitytoformratiosof velocitiese.g v/h 4. Equatethesetoratiosfrom mechanism=>2equations 5. Interactionsurface=>3rdequation 6. SolveforV&H 7. Dissipationrate=Vv+Hh 8. Setdissipation=externalworkrate 9. SolveforunknownForce 10. Optimizee.g.wrt Xo ,Yo
MacroSolutionsofTwoFootingSystem
WithVaryingVerticalLoad
PileFoundations
ANASIDE
Thesepileswillhavetobedriven withconsiderablebatter.
Thesepileswillhavetobedriven withconsiderablebutter.
PileFoundations LateralCapacity
Deepflowaroundofaflatplate H=11.42SuB
LateralMechanismfor Translation
PileFoundations AnalysisofaFourPileGroup
xo ,yo
TypicalResultsMomentvs.LateralLoad InteractionDiagramforaFourPileGroup
ShearMode InteractionMode Parameter Value 0and2 0.10 0.40
OverturningMode
ComparisonofUpperBoundvsLimit EquilibriumAnalysis
S3