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ITRODUCTION TO PROGAMMING 1.WHAT IS PROGAMMING ?

Progamming refers to the act of instructing the computer to do something for us with the help of programming language . 2.what is a programming language? A programming language is a set of rules that provides a way of telling the computer what operation to perfom (according to capron and johson,2004) 3.what programming languages are avaible ? Before looking at a specific programming language,we need to know the levels of programming languages. Language si said to be lower or higher depending on how close they are to the language the computer itself uses or to the language people use(more English-like-high). These programming languages are generally divided into five level or generator:a. b. c. d. e. Machine language Assembly language High level language Very high level language Natural language The following are the descriptions of each level of programming language:Level of language Machine language Descriptions Ultimetely the computer understands only binary number-strings of 0 and 1 Programs that are written in these 0 and 1s represent the on and off electrical States of computer All other languages must be translated into machine language before executing instructions.

Assembly language

This programming language is considered very low level. This language usemnemonic codes, abbreviations that are easy to remember such as : A for add ,C for compare , MP for multiply and so on This programming language is also called the fifth generations language This language is similar to the natural spoken or written English langauge For this language , programmers

Natural language

no longer need to have detailed knowledge of computer hardware to produce a programme high-Lavel-Langauge

This language is closer to human language compare to the maching language often know as fourth generations language ( 4 Gls ) this programming language is an improvement to high lavel language

Very high lavel language

4. example of programming languages Example of programming languages are:a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. BASIC COBOL PASCAL C FORTRAN VISUAL BASIC C++ JAVA

The program development life cycle When we want to produce a program we need to go through a few phases. There are five main phases in program development

PHASE 1

Problem Analysis PHASE 5 Documenting the programme PHASE 2 Program Design

PHASE 4 Testing and debugging

PHASE 3 Coding The problem

Lets look at the descriptions of each main phase in program development 1. Problem analysis what is problem analysis you need to identity yhe program before developing a program. Lets images that you are a programmer you need to identity tne problem before de veloping a program. Lets imagine that you are a programmer. As a programmer , you are comntacted because your services are needed. To you meet with user from the client organization to analyze the problem or you meet with asyetem analyst who outline the project. Specifically the task of defining the problem consists of identying what it as youy know (input give data) and what it as you want to obline (output the result ) eventually to you produce a written agreement that that among other thing specifly the kind of input processing and output requid . that is not a simple process

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