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16e
Prepared by Doug Gray August 2009
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_______________________________________________________________________ _ Copyright Notice, Use Restrictions, Disclaimer, and Limitation of Liability Copyright 2009 WiMAX Forum. All rights reserved. The WiMAX Forum owns the copyright in this document and reserves all rights herein. This document is available for download from the WiMAX Forum and may be duplicated for internal use, provided that all copies contain all proprietary notices and disclaimers included herein. Except for the foregoing, this document may not be duplicated, in whole or in part, or distributed without the express written authorization of the WiMAX Forum. Use of this document is subject to the disclaimers and limitations described below. Use of this document constitutes acceptance of the following terms and conditions: THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED AS IS AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, THE WiMAX FORUM DISCLAIMS ALL EXPRESS, IMPLIED AND STATUTORY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF TITLE, NONINFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE WiMAX FORUM DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THIS DOCUMENT IS COMPLETE OR WITHOUT ERROR AND DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES TO THE CONTRARY. Any products or services provided using technology described in or implemented in connection with this document may be subject to various regulatory controls under the laws and regulations of various governments worldwide. The user is solely responsible for the compliance of its products and/or services with any such laws and regulations and for obtaining any and all required authorizations, permits, or licenses for its products and/or services as a result of such regulations within the applicable jurisdiction. NOTHING IN THIS DOCUMENT CREATES ANY WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER REGARDING THE APPLICABILITY OR NONAPPLICABILITY OF ANY SUCH LAWS OR REGULATIONS OR THE SUITABILITY OR NON-SUITABILITY OF ANY SUCH PRODUCT OR SERVICE FOR USE IN ANY JURISDICTION. NOTHING IN THIS DOCUMENT CREATES ANY WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER REGARDING THE SUITABILITY OR NON-SUITABILITY OF A PRODUCT OR A SERVICE FOR CERTIFICATION UNDER ANY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM OF THE WiMAX FORUM OR ANY THIRD PARTY.
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_______________________________________________________________________ _ The WiMAX Forum has not investigated or made an independent determination regarding title or non-infringement of any technologies that may be incorporated, described or referenced in this document. Use of this document or implementation of any technologies described or referenced herein may therefore infringe undisclosed thirdparty patent rights or other intellectual property rights. The user is solely responsible for making all assessments relating to title and non-infringement of any technology, standard, or specification referenced in this document and for obtaining appropriate authorization to use such technologies, technologies, standards, and specifications, including through the payment of any required license fees. NOTHING IN THIS DOCUMENT CREATES ANY WARRANTIES OF TITLE OR NONINFRINGEMENT WITH RESPECT TO ANY TECHNOLOGIES, STANDARDS OR SPECIFICATIONS REFERENCED OR INCORPORATED INTO THIS DOCUMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE WiMAX FORUM OR ANY MEMBER BE LIABLE TO THE USER OR TO A THIRD PARTY FOR ANY CLAIM ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, A CLAIM THAT SUCH USE INFRINGES A THIRD PARTYS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OR THAT IT FAILS TO COMPLY WITH APPLICABLE LAWS OR REGULATIONS. BY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, THE USER WAIVES ANY SUCH CLAIM AGAINST THE WiMAX FORUM AND ITS MEMBERS RELATING TO THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT. The WiMAX Forum reserves the right to modify or amend this document without notice and in its sole discretion. The user is solely responsible for determining whether this document has been superseded by a later version or a different document. WiMAX, Mobile WiMAX, Fixed WiMAX, WiMAX Forum, WiMAX Certified, WiMAX Forum Certified, the WiMAX Forum logo and the WiMAX Forum Certified logo are trademarks of the WiMAX Forum. Third-party trademarks contained in this document are the property of their respective owners.
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_______________________________________________________________________ _ About the Author Doug Gray is a Telecommunications Consultant and is currently under contract to the WiMAX Forum. Gray has had extensive experience in broadband wireless access systems in engineering and management positions at Hewlett-Packard, Lucent Technologies and Ensemble Communications. Acknowledgements The author would like to acknowledge the contributions of the many WiMAX Forum members who have taken the time to review and provide comments and insights regarding the contents of this paper and the conclusions drawn.
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Table of Contents
1.0Introduction.....................................................................................................................6 2.0Technical Requirements for Broadband Mobile Services..............................................7 3.0802.16d and 802.16e Technical Differences...................................................................7 4.0 Business Case Considerations......................................................................................10 5.0 Conclusion...................................................................................................................10 Acronyms...........................................................................................................................11
Tables
Table 1: 802.16d 802.16e Summary.................................................................................8 Table 2: Symbol Duration with S-OFDMA.......................................................................10
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Data as of the end of June 2009. This data is updated regularly by the WiMAX Forum and is available on the WiMAX Forum website Research-Dashboard.
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_______________________________________________________________________ _
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_______________________________________________________________________ _ Table 1: 802.16d 802.16e Summary Attribute or Feature Spectrum WiMAX Based on 802.16d-2004 Licensed: 3.5 GHz & License-Exempt: 5.8 GHz TDD/FDD/HDFDD OFDM WiMAX Based on 802.16e-2005 Licensed Bands: 2.3, 2.5, 3.5, 3.8 GHz, (700 MHz)* TDD, (FDD/HD-FDD)* S-OFDMA Scalable channel BW, immunity to interference and fading 802.16e Benefit Profiles for WW spectrum allocations
Duplex Access
5, 7, 8.75, 10, 20* MHz 512, 1024, 2048* Longer symbol time tolerates larger delay spread Improved peak and average channel throughput in both DL and UL Mobility support up to 120 km/hr
STC
STC, SM, Adaptive MIMO switching, UL Collaborative SM, & Beamforming Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Fast CQI H-ARQ Hand-off Support Sleep and Idle Mode MultiCast/Broadcast Support
No No No No No
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_______________________________________________________________________ _ Attribute or Feature WiMAX Based on WiMAX Based on 802.16e Benefit 802.16d-2004 802.16e-2005 Fractional Frequency Reuse No Yes More aggressive frequency reuse improves spectral efficiency Latency and Jitter control for VoIP UMTS spectrum availability Path to meet or exceed IMTAdvanced requirements
Extended Real Time Polling Service IMT-2000 Technology Backwards Compatible Migration Path
No No No
* Denotes features or attributes not currently available but approved for certification by the WiMAX Forum A very important benefit of 802.16e-2005 based WiMAX systems over 802.16d is the forward looking migration path for operators. Work on the 802.16m amendment to the IEEE standard is scheduled to be completed by the end of this year. This amendment, which is backwards compatible with 802.16e, is designed to meet or exceed the performance requirements established by IMT-Advanced. In close cooperation with the IEEE, the WiMAX Forum is well on its way to defining Mobile WiMAX Release-2 profiles based on the IEEE 802.16m-2009 amendment. There is no migration path for WiMAX based on 802.16d. Table 2 provides a summary of the symbol duration for Scalable-OFDMA as a function of the channel BW with 802.16e. The longer symbol duration with 802.16e provides an increased tolerance to delay spread resulting in better multipath immunity. With ScalableOFDMA operators gain greater flexibility in establishing a channel BW to best fit deployment requirements which, in many cases, may vary over time. 802.16d with a fixed FFT size of 256 has a symbol duration which is shorter and therefore less tolerant to delay spread and multipath.
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_______________________________________________________________________ _ Table 2: Symbol Duration with S-OFDMA Mobile WiMAX Release-1 based on 802.16e-2005 Channel BW FFT Size Sub-Carrier Spacing Symbol Duration 5 MHz 512 10 MHz 1024 10.94 kHz 102.9 microsec 20 MHz 2048 7.81 kHz 144.0 microsec 7 MHz 1024 9.77 kHz 115.2 microsec 8.75 MHz
5.0 Conclusion
Fixed WiMAX deployments based on 802.16d-2004, with performance comparable to DSL and broadband cable services, quickly established WiMAX as a viable technology for broadband wireless access. The 802.16e-2005 amendment, with the adoption of Scalable-OFDMA, added mobility and other major performance enhancements to the standard. Adopting these and other features supported by the IEEE 802.16 air interface standard enabled the WiMAX Forum to develop Mobile WiMAX Release-1. With improved throughput, multipath tolerance, and lower costs, even operators only intending
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_______________________________________________________________________ _ to offer fixed services will experience a stronger business case by adopting Mobile WiMAX Release-1 based on the 802.16e amendment.
Acronyms
BW CQI FDD FFT H-ARQ HD-FDD SM S-OFDMA STC TDD WiMAX Bandwidth Channel Quality Indicator Frequency Division Duplex Fast Fourier Transform Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Half Duplex Frequency Division Duplex Spatial Multiplexing Scalable Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access Space Time Coding Time Division Duplex Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
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