Pile Lateral Load Analysis Using Finite Difference Method LatPile Function

Pile bending moments, forces and deflection due to lateral loads using a finite difference analysis =LatPile(Segments, Loads, Soil table, Sections table, PY tables, Defaults, Output code, Koption) Optional input in italics

Input:
Segments Loads Soil table

Sections table

2 column range listing pile length and number of segments 7 row single column range listing applied loads at head of pile: See below for details of load input Range listing soil properties, 7-9 rows x 1 column for each soil type Effective depths at the top of each layer may optionally be entered in rows 8 and 9 See SoilProps sheet for further details of how Effective Depths are calculated. Range listing pile section properties, 3 to 13 rows x 1 column for each section type Notes: If the depth specified for Soil types and section types does not extend to the bottom then the last provided value is applied to nodes to the bottom of the pile Section stiffness (EI) may be specified as constant in row 3, or calculated for reinforc piles of circular or rectangular cross section, to Eurocode 2 method.

Optional input: PY tables Defaults Output Code options

Contiguous range with 2 columns for each table: pile deflection(Y) and support force per u PY curves are used for those soil layers with "PY" in row 2 of the soil table, and Table Num Change system defaults; available parameters and default values are shown in the examp 1: Output array includes 6 output columns (see below for details) 2: Output Pile EI and soil stiffness only 3: Output array includes all 11 output columns (see below for details) 1: initial stiffness (P/Y) for soil type 2 and 3 = Ki * Depth (as COM625 Manual and LPile) 2: initial stiffness (P/Y) for soil type 2 and 3 = Ki * Diam Assuming a vertical pile, with nodes listed from top to bottom: Deflections and loads are positive from left to right Positive bending moments cause compression in the right side of the pile

KOption

Sign Convention

Units

All units are kN and m except: Reinforcement bar diameter and cover (mm) Concrete Shrinkage (microstrain) Any other consistent units may be used if a fixed value is entered for the pile flexural stiffn

Non-linear pile behaviour

The calculated pile flexural stiffness takes account of post-cracking behaviour of reinforced concrete, including tension stiffening and shrinkage effects if a C (circular) or R (rectangul is entered in row 3 of the Sections Table. If a numerical value is entered in row 3 this is u fixed stiffness (EI) and the entries below are ignored. Note that non-linearity due to steel yielding, or concrete crushing is not included in A separate check must be made of steel and concrete stresses.

Output:
Output is a 6 or 11 column array, enter as an array function: To enter an array function: Enter the function in the top left cell of the output range Select the entire output range Press F2 Press Ctrl-shift-enter Column 1 Node Position from top, m

Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6 Column 7 Column 8 Column 9 Column 10 Column 11

Deflection, m Bending Moment, kNm Shear force, KN Pile EI, kN/m2 Soil spring stiffness, kN/m2 Soil layer number Effective Depth 1, m Effective Depth 2, m Maximum soil force per metre length, kN/m (pf) Soil force/metre length

Other Functions PY624tab Function

Table of soil stiffness values at a specified effective depth =PY624tab(Soil data, Pile Sections, Loads, Deflections, Koption) Optional input in italics

Input:
Soil data Pile Sections Loads Deflections Optional input: KOption As LatPile function As LatPile function, except that rows 8 and 9 are not optional As LatPile function As LatPile function Single column range listing pile deflection in ascending order

Output:
Output is a single column array , enter as an array function: Spring force/m of pile for each input deflection

PfEffDepth Function
Returns the maximum soil resistance per metre due to wedge failure at a specified effective depth =PfEffDepth(Soil data, Pile EffDepth, PYTabsA) Optional input in italics

Input:
Soil data Eff Depth PYTabsA As LatPile function, except that row 1 is pile diameter and rows 8 and 9 are not required Effective depth at which the soil stiffness is required As LatPile function

Output:
Maximum Spring force/m due to wedge failure

ntered in rows 8 and 9 hs are calculated. n for each section type does not extend to the bottom of the pile bottom of the pile ow 3, or calculated for reinforced concrete de 2 method.

ion(Y) and support force per unit length (P). f the soil table, and Table Number in row 3. alues are shown in the example.

COM625 Manual and LPile)

side of the pile

ntered for the pile flexural stiffness.

acking behaviour of reinforced f a C (circular) or R (rectangular) ue is entered in row 3 this is used as a crushing is not included in the analysis.

cell of the output range

ws 8 and 9 are not required

Examples

Example 1: 20 m pile in a layered soil with one input PY curve and 2 calculated PY Curves Layers Loads Length, m Subdivisions Type 10 40 Shear 10 10 Moment Axial at head Axial at base Depth of zero axial Number of cycles Water table depth Shear and moment are specified at the head of the pile. There is currently no provision for applying loads at other locations. Axial load is assumed to vary linearly from the head to toe of the pile, or bi-linearly from the head to the depth of zero axial, and depth of zero axial to the base. If Depth of zero axial is <=0, >= pile length, or blank, it is ignored. Soil Tables Depth of layer base Soil cohesion, Cu; or "PY" to use PY table Soil friction angle, Phi, or PY Table number Soil Density Strain at 50% ultimate stress, Eps50 Soil Type Initial stiffness, ki Layer top Effective depth for wedge failure (optional) Layer top Effective depth for initial stiffness (optional) Soil Type, 0 = "void", 1 = "Soft to firm clay", 2 = "Stiff Clay", 3 = "Sand" PY Tables Y 0.000E+00 3.000E-03 6.000E-03 9.000E-03 1.200E-02 1.500E-02 1.800E-02 2.100E-02 2.400E-02 2.700E-02 3.000E-02 3.300E-02 3.600E-02 3.900E-02 4.200E-02 4.500E-02 4.800E-02 5.100E-02 5.400E-02 P 0.000E+00 4.970E+01 6.270E+01 7.170E+01 7.890E+01 8.500E+01 9.040E+01 9.510E+01 9.950E+01 1.035E+02 1.071E+02 1.106E+02 1.139E+02 1.169E+02 1.199E+02 1.227E+02 1.253E+02 1.279E+02 1.303E+02

2 PY 1 12.000

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5.700E-02 6.000E-02 1.200E-01 1.260E-01

1.327E+02 1.350E+02 1.350E+02 1.350E+02

Sections Table Depth of base of section m Pile diam or width m EI or Section Type (C or R) for RC kNm2 Bar diameter Diat mm Number of bars* Numt Bar cover Covt mm Concrete compressive strength f'c kPa Steel yield stress fys kPa E steel Es kPa E concrete Ec kPa Concrete flex. tens. strength f'ct kPa Concrete shrinkage strain Epscs Microstrain Section depth (rectangular sect.) m * Total number for circular section, or bars on tensile face for rectangular section Defaults Table (default values in brackets) Tension stiffening Beta value (0.5) Maximum iterations (20) Tolerance on deflection norm (0.001) Tolerance on soil stiffness norm (0.001) Tolerance on section stiffness norm (0.001) Output X #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? Deflection #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? Moment #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

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Examples

#MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

#MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

#MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

Soil Resistance
12.000

10.000

8.000 Depth, m

6.000

4.000

2.000

0.000 0.000

5.000

10.000

Column 15.000 C 20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

Bending Moment
12.000

10.000

8.000

6.000

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10.000
Examples

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0.000 0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0 Column C 20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

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Examples

2 calculated PY Curves Loads m, kNm 200 50 200 0 1 30

ently no provision for

or bi-linearly from the

20 25.00 0 12.000 0.0200 1 20000 2.00 2.00

30 50.00 0 12.000 0.0100 2 50000 20 20

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10.0 0.6 C 20.0 12.0 40.0 30,000 500,000 200,000,000 20,000,000 2,000 600.0

20.0 0.6 130,000 20.0 6.0 40.0 30,000 500,000 200,000,000 20,000,000 2,000 600

0.5 100 0.001 0.001 0.001

Spring stiffness #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

Shear Force #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

Pile EI #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

layer #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

EffDepth1 #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

EffDepth2 #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

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Examples

#MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

#MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

#MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

#MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

#MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

#MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

Deflection
12.000

10.000

8.000 Depth, m 30.000 35.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

0.000 0.000

5.000

10.000

Column 15.000 C 20.000

25.000

30.000

Shear Force
12.000

10.000

8.000

6.000

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10.000
Examples

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

30.0

35.0

0.000 0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0 Column C 20.0

25.0

30.0

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pf #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

Spring force #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

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Examples

#MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

#MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

25.000

30.000

35.000

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25.0

30.0

35.0

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Examples

m kPa degrees kN/m3 1 to 3 KN/m3

0.600 PY 1.00 12.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.600 25.00 0.00 12.00 0.02 1.00 20000.00

0.600 50.00 0.00 12.00 0.01 2.00 50000.00

0.600 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.600 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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Examples

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Examples

0.600 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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Recommended Typical Soil Properties Source: COM624 Manual

Strain at 50% ultimate stress, Eps50

Clay Consistency Soft Medium Stiff Average Undrained Shear Strength, kPa 10 to 25 25 to 50 50 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 400 Eps50 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0

Initial soil stiffness, Ki 0 Stiff Clay

Static load, kN/m3 Cyclic load, kN/m3

100

200

Average Undrained Shear Strength, kPa 50 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 400

140,000 50,000 Loose 5,000 7,000

270,000 110,000 Medium 15,000 25,000

540,000 220,000 Dense 35,000 60,000

140000 50000

Sand (static or cyclic)

Submerged kN/m3 Above water table kN/m3

Unit conversion:

1 ton/ft2 = 95.8 kPa 1 lb/in3 = 272 kN/m3

Effective Depth When a pile with a layered soil is analysed, the upper soil layers affect the lower layers in three respects: If the ultimate resistance is controlled by wedge sliding, the resistance at any level is the sum of the resistances from each layer above. If the ultimate resistance is controlled by flow with a granular soil the reisitance is related to the vertical pressure at the level of analysis. The initial stiffness for type 2 and 3 soils is proportional to the vertical pressure at the level of analysis. To allow for these effects the LatPile function calculates two effective depths: 1) The effective depth for wedge failure for a point within any layer, L, has two components: i) The depth of soil with the same properties as Layer L that would have the same wedge sliding resistance as the actual soil layers above the top of Layer L. ii) The depth of the point below the top of Layer L 2) The effective depth for vertical pressure for a point within a layer, L, is the depth of material that would have the same vertical pressure as that due to the actual soils layers above the point. Depths 1) and 2) are calculated by the LatPile function, or may optionally be specified for the top of each layer as rows 8 and 9 of the Soil Properties Table. If effective depths are specified they must be entered for every layer other than the top soil layer Example PY Curves; Data from Examples sheet Soil Tables Depth of point Soil cohesion, Cu; or "PY" to use PY table Soil friction angle, Phi, or PY Table number Soil Density Strain at 50% ultimate stress, Eps50 Soil Type

5 25.00 0 12.000 0.0200 1

25 50.00 0 12.000 0.0100 2

Initial stiffness, ki Effective depth for wedge failure Effective depth for initial stiffness

20000 5 5

50000 25 25

Depth = 5 m below surface

PY624tab Deflection m 0 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08

Force kN/m #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0 0.01 0.02

Depth = 25 m below surface

PY624tab Deflection m 0 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11

Force kN/m #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO? #MACRO?

12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0 0.02

PT624tab

.0

.0

.0 Column D

.0

.0

.0

.0 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

PY624Tab

2.0

0.0

8.0 Column D

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Column AL Column AM

Disclaimer This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. A copy of the GNU General Public License may be obtained from: The Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

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Copyright 2012 Interactive Design Services Pty Ltd. all rights reserved

Revision History Current Version Rev Date By 1.04 4-Jul-12 Description

1.00 17-Jul-10 DAJ 1.01 11-Jan-11 DAJ 1.02 21-Jan-12 DAJ 1.03 26-Jan-12 DAJ 1.04 4-Jul-12 DAJ

First release Code to read first row in input PY tables corrected (row and column ind KOption added; PY624tab function added; PY_624 function modified, e PY curve corrected for Soil type 1, 3*Eps50 < Y < 15*Eps50 and Type Effective depth calculation code modified so that blank rows 8 and 9 in

cted (row and column indeces reversed) _624 function modified, effective depth input added < Y < 15*Eps50 and Type 2 below water table, As*Y50 < Y < 6*As*Y50 hat blank rows 8 and 9 in the soil table are ignored.