Fundamentals of Physics, 8th Ed Principle of Physics, 9th Ed Halliday & Resnic

Fundamentals of Physics, 8th Ed Principle of Physics, 9th Ed Halliday & Resnic

8th EdCH26Ohms Law 9th EdCH26Current and Resistance 8th EdHomework of Chapter 26 3, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 23, 27, 33, 37, 43, 47, 53 8 EdProblem 26-3 9 EdProblem 26-3 A charged belt, 50cm wide, travels at 30m / s between a source of charge and a sphere. The belt carries charge into the sphere at a rate corresponding to 100 A . Compute the surface charge
th th

their motion, to the north. (c) The current cannot be calculated unless the cross-sectional area of the beam is known. Then i = JA can be used. 8th EdProblem 26-9 9th EdProblem 26-13 How long does it take electrons to get from a car battery to the starting motor? Assume the current is 300A and the electrons travel through a copper wire with cross-sectional area 0.21cm2 and length 0.85m . The number of charge carriers per unit volume is 8.49 1028 m3 .
300A

density on the belt.

50 30m / s 100 A 0.21cm 2 0.85m 8.49 1028 m 3

<>We adapt the discussion in the text to a moving two-dimensional collection of charges. Using

<>We use vd =
t=

J i . Thus, = ne Ane

for the charge per unit area and w for the belt width, we can see that the transport of charge is expressed in the relationship i = vw , which leads to

14 2 28 3 19 L L LAne ( 0.85m ) ( 0.2110 m ) ( 8.47 10 / m ) (1.60 10 C ) = = = 300A vd i / Ane i

i 100 106 A 2 = = 6.7 106 C m . vw 30 m s 50 102 m

gc

= 8.1 102 s = 13min . 8th EdProblem 26-11 9th EdProblem 26-9 The magnitude J (r ) of the current density in a certain cylindrical wire is given as a function of radial distance from the center of the wires cross section as J (r ) = Br , where r is in meters, J is in amperes per square meter, and B = 2 105 A / m3 . This function applies out to the wires radius of 2.00 mm. How much current is contained within the width of a thin ring concentric with the wire if the ring has a radial width of 10 m and is at a radial distance of 1.20 mm?
J (r )

8 EdProblem 26-7 9 EdProblem 26-5 A beam contains 2 108 doubly charged positive ions per cubic centimeter, all of which are moving north with a speed of 1105 m / s .What are the (a) magnitude and (b) direction of the current density J (c) What additional quantity do you need to calculate the total current i in this ion beam?

th

th

2 108 1105 m / s ab c
<>(a) The magnitude of the current density is given by J = nqvd , where n is the number of particles per unit volume, q is the charge on each particle, and vd is the drift speed of the particles. The particle concentration is n = 2 10 / cm = 2 10 m , the charge is q = 2e = 2(1.6 1019 C ) = 3.2 1019 C ,
8 3 14 3

J (r ) = Br r mJ A / m 2 B = 2 105 A / m3 2mm 10 m 1.2mm <>We note that the radial width r = 10 m is small enough (compared to r = 1.2mm ) that we can make the approximation

Br 2 rdr Br 2 r r
Performing the integral gives the same

and the drift speed is 1105 m / s . Thus,

Thus, the enclosed current is 2 Br 2 r = 18.1 A .

J = 2 1014 / m 3.2 1019 C 10 105 m / s = 6.4 A / m2 . . (b) Since the particles are positively charged the current density is in the same direction as

hc

hc

answer. 8th EdProblem 26-13 9th EdProblem 26-11

Fundamentals of Physics, 8th Ed Principle of Physics, 9th Ed Halliday & Resnic

Fundamentals of Physics, 8th Ed Principle of Physics, 9th Ed Halliday & Resnic

What is the current in a wire of radius R = 3.4mm if the magnitude of the current density is given by (a) J a = J 0r r and (b) J b = J 0 (1 ) , in which r is the radial distance and J 0 = 5.5 104 A / m 2 ? R R
8th EdProblem 26-23 9th EdProblem 26-27

(c) Which function maximizes the current density near the wires surface? J0r r b J b = J 0 (1 ) R R

R = 3.4mm a J a =

Two conductors are made of the same material and have the same length. Conductor A is a solid wire of diameter 1.0 mm. Conductor B is a hollow tube of outside diameter 2.0 mm and inside R diameter 1.0 mm. What is the resistance ratio A , measured between their ends? RB
A 1mm B R 2mm 1mm A RB

r J 0 = 5.5 104 A / m 2 c

<>(a) The current resulting from this non-uniform current density is

i=

cylinder

J a dA =

J0 R

2 2 r 2 rdr = R 2 J 0 = (3.40 103 m) 2 (5.50 104 A/m 2 ) . 3 3

= 1.33 A (b) In this case,

i=
cylinder

<>The resistance of conductor A is given by R A =

L , where rA is the radius of the conductor. 2 prA

If ro is the outside diameter of conductor B and ri is its inside diameter, then its
R 0

J b dA =

1 1 r J 0 1 2 rdr = R 2 J 0 = (3.40 103 m) 2 (5.50 104 A/m 2 ) R 3 3

cross-sectional area is (ro2 ri2), and its resistance is RB =

= 0.666 A. (c) The result is different from that in part (a) because J b is higher near the center of the cylinder (where the area is smaller for the same radial interval) and lower outward, resulting in a lower average current density over the cross section and consequently a lower current than that in part (a). So, J a has its maximum value near the surface of the wire. 8th EdProblem 26-17 9th EdProblem 26-19 What is the resistivity of a wire of 1.0 mm diameter, 2.0 m length, and 50m resistance?

L . p ro2 ri 2

The ratio is

1.0 mm 0.50 mm R A ro2 ri 2 = = 2 2 RB rA 0.50 mm

2

g b

= 3.0.

8th EdProblem 26-27 9th EdProblem 26-29

A potential difference of 3.00 nV is set up across a 2.00 cm length of copper wire that has a radius of 2.00 mm. How much charge drifts through a cross section in 3.00 ms?

1mm 2mm 50m

2mm 2 3nV 3ms

<>First we find the resistance of the copper wire to be R=

<>The resistance of the wire is given by R =

L
A

, where is the resistivity of the material, L

is the length of the wire, and A is its cross-sectional area. In this case,
A = r 2 = 0.50 103 m = 7.85 107 m2 .
3 7 2 RA ( 50 10 ) ( 7.85 10 m ) Thus, = = = 2.0 108 m. L 2.0m

L
A

(1.69 10

m ) ( 0.020 m )

(2.0 103 m) 2

= 2.69 105 .

With potential difference V = 3.00 nV , the current flowing through the wire is

V 3.00 109 V = = 1.115 104 A . R 2.69 105 Therefore, in 3.00 ms, the amount of charge drifting through a cross section is i=

Fundamentals of Physics, 8th Ed Principle of Physics, 9th Ed Halliday & Resnic

Fundamentals of Physics, 8th Ed Principle of Physics, 9th Ed Halliday & Resnic

Q = it = (1.115 104 A)(3.00 103 s) = 3.35 107 C .

8th EdProblem 26-33 9th EdProblem 26-31 An electrical cable consists of 125 strands of fine wire, each having 2.65 resistance. The same
potential difference is applied between the ends of all the strands and results in a total current of 0.75 A . (a) What is the current in each strand? (b) What is the applied potential difference? (c) What is the resistance of the cable?

1250 W 115V ab c

<>(a) The power dissipated, the current in the heater, and the potential difference across the heater are related by P = iV . Therefore, P 1250 W i= = = 10.9 A. 115 V V (b) Ohms law states V = iR , where R is the resistance of the heater. Thus, V 115 V R= = = 10.6 . i 10.9 A (c) The thermal energy E generated by the heater in time t = 1h = 3600 s is E = Pt = (1250W)(3600s) = 4.50 106 J. 8th EdProblem 26-47 9th EdProblem 26-53 A 120 V potential difference is applied to a space heater that dissipates 500 W during operation. (a) What is its resistance during operation? (b) At what rate do electrons flow through any cross section of the heater element?
120 500 a b
V2 V 2 (120V ) 2 we find R = = = 28.8 . 500W R P

125 2.65 0.75A ab c

0.75 A = 6 103 A 125
6

<>(a) The current in each strand is i =

(b) The potential difference is V = iR = (6 103 A)(2.65 106 ) = 1.59 108V (c) The resistance is Rtotal =

2.65 10 = 2.12 108 125

8th EdProblem 26-37 9th EdProblem 26-37 Show that, according to the free-electron model of electrical conduction in metals and classical physics, the resistivity of metals should be proportional to kelvins. (See Eq. 19-31.)
T , where T is the temperature in

<>(a) From P =
T

T kelvins 19-31

(b) Since i =

<>From Eq. 26-25, 1 veff . The connection with veff is indicated in part (b) of Sample Problem 26-6, which contains useful insight regarding the problem we are working now. According to Chapter 20, veff T . Thus, we may conclude that T . 8th EdProblem 26-43 9th EdProblem 26-45 A 1250 W radiant heater is constructed to operate at 115 V. (a) What is the current in the heater when the unit is operating? (b) What is the resistance of the heating coil? (c) How much thermal energy is produced in 1.0 h?

P , the rate of electron transport is V i P 500 W = = = 2.60 1019 / s. e eV (1.60 1019 C)(120 V)

8th EdProblem 26-53 9th EdProblem 26-51 Wire C and wire D are made from different materials and have length LC = LD = 1m . The resistivity and diameter of wire C are 2 106 m and 1.00 mm, and those of wire D are 1106 m and 0.50 mm. The wires are joined as shown in Fig. 26-35, and a current of 2.0 A is set up in them. What is the electric potential difference between (a) points 1 and 2 and (b) points 2 and 3? What is the rate at which energy is dissipated between (c) points 1 and 2 and (d) points 2 and 3?

Fundamentals of Physics, 8th Ed Principle of Physics, 9th Ed Halliday & Resnic

C D LC = LD = 1m C

2 106 m 1mm D 1 106 m 0.5mm 26-53 2A a 1 2 b 2 3 c 1 2 d 2 3

26-53 <>(a) We use Eq. 26-16 to compute the resistances: L 1.0 m = 2.55 . RC = C C2 = (2.0 106 m) rC (0.00050 m )2

The voltage follows from Ohms law: | V1 V2 | = VC = iRC = (2.0 A)(2.55 ) = 5.1V. (b) Similarly, RD = D
2 rD

LD

= (1.0 106 m)

1.0 m

(0.00025 m )2

= 5.09

and | V2 V3 | = VD = iRD = (2.0 A)(5.09 ) = 10.2V 10V . (c) The power is calculated from Eq. 26-27: PC = i 2 RC = 10W . (d) Similarly, PD = i 2 RD = 20W .